US2576392A - Laminated glass unit - Google Patents

Description

Patented Nov. 27, 1951 LAMINATED GLASS UNIT DanieL- T.'-, ,Downes; Greightom; Pa-.; assignor .to V 7 Pittsburgh Rlate Glass Company, Allegheny;

Connty,rPa., a corporation of Pennsylvania Application May 15; 1945;"S'erial No. 593;876"- This. invention relates) lJOTiWiHdOW panels and it haszparticulari relatioirto; the marginalamountingi ofisuch windowpanelsr One; object of the."invention-11s :to provideaxime provedelass or resinous. panelsmounted-imsuch mannersas to leave panel: edges :free from-stresses and. to render: the panels capable-of; withstanding fiuidpressureof relatively greatmagnitudeswithout breakingor'leaking.

Another object or the sinvention is 1 to provide an; improved-edge; sealingr'stnucture for: window panels:

In one form'ofxther invention, a windowpa-nel is: mounted by; setting-wits edges in" a bdy--of mastic" or plasticsswhichi: 153713005 softrto: mposeexcessive stressesiuponzthe glass, :but: which: can bet-readily 'molded tO, con-form: to-the-contourrof supporting; members* while the; panel .:edge areimbedded therein: Aftertherwindow panel has been positioned--properlyw and'; the -ola-mping or supporting frames-have"beenproperly:positioned; the mastic; which --is -selfc-'curing; becomes-set into theforrn of a toughmatrixx The particular type ofgmastic usedifor.thisrpurposer is -yieldalolerand permits the glass, or othenitransparent: panel, .to bend-under: the influencerofr fluid or: otherrpressures: withoutihe;impositionLot-binding :and ex:

cessive:shearing actionswhich would occur if the edges .wereiightly clampedr, Thisatypeofmountr ing-tiirr; whichuthe; WilIdOWFiDaDBIfiS'fiOaiZiIIgT in: the mastic; is particularly :adaptedytorbe: incorporated in structureszwherei-mitis diificultgtoiobtain ac curate? alignment; of thee;- pane-ii edges with :1 the supporting; f'rames; for-example; in airplanes where-curving or: streamlining and'trappreciable' flexibility of the ain'craft'fbody are involveif In the drawing, Fig: 1 i's'aa fragmentary eleyation offa window installation; Fig: 2i-i's a frag-" mentary-'crosssection, on: .awlargerscale', taken substantially along the*1ine:-IIII:;of Fig; 1 Fig. 3*is a fragmentaryxcross" section similar to. Fig. '2: and. including another =form: ofmar.ginalj construction of a: laminated-window *panel; I Fig: 4' is a fragmentarywelevationiof another;form: of; windowinstallation; Fig. 5 is a fragmentary: cross section ona larger." scale; takenisubstantially alongthe line- V -V'Ofr 4 Fig: 6 is a fragmentary cross section-similarto Fig. 5 andin' cluding: another form r of marginali construction; Fig.- 7 is a: fragmentary perspective of a windowpanel of Iaminatedresin: together-with supports therefor; and Fig. 8-"-is across section similar to Fig; 5 and illustrating-=a plasticpanel andmountings therefor;-

R'ei'erring to Figs: 1'- and 2; a-- laminated glass 2 window panels 1 0 3- iswmountedrin ;wall section; .I I; andiis :heldinmlace. zthereinxby means; ofdnnenand outer: frame :members l4- and ,1 5' surroundin the;panel Fastenerslfi extending throughopene ings 11 in 'theirame, members hold the 1 latter: in;

proper position; If desired,v the. inner: frame members: [4 canbe welded, asindicatedeat'lh tothe wall section;

The: window panel: Iii-comprises :a-sheet inter-rlayer of organic plastic,- such as: vinyl acetal-i resin, ,upon opposite sides of? which; innerandouter glass. plates 2 31 and v2 4 are-bonded insconrformity with: conventional practice employedgin. laminating glass. Asz'shown in Fig-,- 2, the-inner. glass plate 23 has a: marginal: extension 25- throughout the perimeter of the panel toeformL rabbetedportion 26'.- A body of; mastic; material till-which is relatively soft'is applied around; the. marginal extension 25andfills the rabbeted-:portic-n as itis-pressed by the supporting frame, members I 4 and iii inresponse to the tightening; of thefasteners I62; The mastioryields easily-and can bepressed. or forced into the spacesbetween the ,frame =membersand the overlapping exten-r: sion=25 .on ,opposite sides of the-latter.- Strip metal 3| is placed upon the extension 25 and iSaS/O formed that a portion; of: it extends: diagonally and), then into the form; of; i a lip 32 which overlaps and lies flush along the outer sidee-ofr the outer. glass plate 24 at the edge of the latter; Before the mastic body is applied to the panel," sealing tape 34"adhesive on both sides is; also applied along the inner frame support" l4 and along the extension 25. This tape can be; of'the form and composition described in the application of Wallace P; Marshall; Serial No. 540,851,, filed; June; 17', 1944,; for:- SealinggMaterial;v and-:.;which is;now Patent"No; -2,460,1813is-' sued-orrJanuary 25; 1949:

After the elements :of the installation have: been assembled: inthe manner specified;- the. mastic: material, which: is: polymerizing imcharactere; is permittediito stand until it 'becomes-souredizand set; It isthen; of sucnstrengthas tOfl'BSiSfAIJIBS-p sureeforcesv-imposed againstzth'e glass although it is: tyieldable to: suchextent ast' t'o' conform to the movementof the 1 glass under: the influence of bending stresses :caused byr fluid pressure, such as '--that encountered. in; airplanes; or otherwise-e It is to be understood that the frame supports; [4 and" I 5- are spaced from and' overlap the-exam slon -25-an'd th'at 'th'e inner edge of -the=- fr'ame member I 5 is-b'eveled 'as indicated'at In applyingthe mastic whicl'i*=is relatively-= soft;

- a-devi'ce such as acaulking gun oan be employed to force the material into the space between the frame members I4 and I5. The nozzle of the gun is applied successively to the openings II that subsequently receive the fasteners. the preliminary mounting of the frame members, only a few of these fasteners are applied to insure proper preliminary assembly of the elements. After the mastic has been forced into the space between the frames and around'the panel edges, all of the fasteners are then applied to hold the mastic in proper form about the glass edges. In this relation the mastic becomes set and slight shrinkage occurs. In order to compensate for this shrinkage, the fasteners are again tightened until the frames fit snugly upon the mastic.

Mastic material suitable for use in an installation of this kind can be composed of alkyd resin which has a consistency somewhat like thick molasses. In a container holdingthe resin, styrene is added and stirred intimately there- With on a steam bath at a temperature of about 120 F. until a solution is formed. Then the bath is cooled at room temperature in a cold water bath. Aluminum metal powder, together With a filler which can be in the form of calcium carbonate (CaCOs) or resin dust is stirred into the bath preferably with a mechanical stirring device. Additional stirring with a thin wire will eliminate entrapped air. The resin dust can be formedfrom a product known as (JR-39 described in the patent to Muskat et al., No. 2,370,565, dated February 27, 1945. An additional ingredient in the form of cobalt resinate or benzoyl peroxide is added to the material as a drier and catalyst.

The final consistency of the material can be controlled by the addition of maleic anhydride which can be varied in the ratio of to 1 part of maleic acid for 4 parts of alkyd resin in the bath. The maleic acid is added to increase the hardness of the mastic which can be quite firm when used in connection with marginal mounting of window panels made of resins such as methyl methacrylate, or of CR-39 above identified.

The following formula has proved to be satisfactory for producing the mastic material specified:

Parts by weight Alkyd resin 84 Styrene 56 Aluminum metal powder 14 Neutral filler 105 Cobalt resinate 2 In the form of structure shown in Fig. 3, the wall II, mounting frames I4 and I5 with welding I8 and fasteners IE extending through opening II are the same as those described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. However, another form of laminated panel 40 is shown in which outer and inner plates of glass M and 42 are bonded upon opposite sides of a sheet interlayer 45 of organic. plastic, such as vinyl acetal resin. Strip metal 46 is disposed between the marginal portions of the glass plates and is held in place by the interlayer 45. The outer marginal portion of the strip metal extends beyond the edges of the glass plates and is embedded in a body of mastic 49 in the same manner as the extension 25 is installed. Likewise, a metal strip 50 and sealing tape 5| are applied to this installation and correspond to the similar installations 3| and 34 described above. It is to be understood that the 4 fasteners I6 extend through openings 52 formed in the strip metal 46. The openings are somewhat larger than the fasteners in order to permit appreciable play of the metal which moves slightly in response to pressure applied to the panel.

Referring to Figs. 4 and 5, a circular laminated window panel III! is mounted in a wall section II I and is held therein by means of inner and outer circular frame members H4 and H5 surrounding the panel. Fasteners II6 secured through openings I II in the frame members hold the latter in proper assembled relation. If desired, the inner frame member can be welded,

as indicated at II8, to the wall.

The window panel IIIl includes an interlayer I26 having glass plates I23 and I24 bonded upon opposed sides thereof. The interlayer is composed of organic plastic, such as vinyl acetal resin.

' The edges of plates I23 and I24 are beveled, as indicated at I 25, to form a continuous beveled structure of the composite laminated unit. Mastic material I36 of the same type as that described above with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 surrounds the panel III] which projects into the mastic to such extent as to cover both sides of the beveled margin. The inner edge of the frame member II5 has a beveled edge I35 that is spaced in opposed relation to the beveled portions I25 of the panel. Strip metal I36 can be placed diagonally in the mastic in the space between the beveled edge of the frame member and the beveled edge of the panel. The outer portion of the strip overlaps the outer glass plate I24 in the form of a lip I38. Sealing tape I40 of the same type as the tape 34 is applied between the mastic and the frame member H4 and between the mastic and the inner marginal portion of the panel. In this arrangement, pressure from the inner side of the structure is resisted by the mastic between the beveled portion of the panel and the frame member H5. The strip metal I35 also strengthens the structure against pressure thus imposed.

In Fig. 6 the same structure as that shown in Fig. 5 is shown with the exception that a panel I50 of glass which is not laminated is used instead of the laminated panel III] and the strip metal I36 is omitted. The panel I50 has a beveled marginal portion I52 which functions in the same relation to the frame member II5 as that described with reference to the beveled portions I25. Since the structure is otherwise identical the same reference characters are employed to indicate corresponding parts.

As illustrated in Fig. '7, a resinous window panel 2!!) is mounted in a wall section 2 and is held in place therein by means of frame structure 2I4 surrounding the panel and overlapping its edges. Fasteners 2IB extending through the panel and through openings 2| I formed in the wall section and in the frame structure hold the latter in proper assembledrelation.

The laminated window panel 2I0 comprises a sheet interlayer 220 of organic plastic, such as vinyl acetal resin, upon opposite sides of which inner and outer plates 223 and 224 of methyl methacrylate resin are bonded. These plates can also be in the form of the CR-39 resin referred to above. The resin plates are harder than the interposed sheet of plastic 220.

A body of mastic material 230 which is relatively soft and workable is applied around the marginal portions of the panel 2I0 in the same manner as the mastic 30 is applied to the structure described with reference to Figs. 1 and 2. Before the mastic body 230 is applied to the panel sealing tape 234 corresponding to the tape 34 is applied as a lining to the inner side of the frame structure 214. Such tape is not required along the marginal portions of the resinous window panel 210 because the mastic adheres and bonds firmly to such panel. After the mastic 230 has become set the fasteners are tightened in order to compensate for whatever shrinkage that may have occurred during the setting action.

In view of the more flexible character of the resinous window 210 the mastic 230 used in mounting the panel can be made firmer and harder than the mastic 36 in which the edges of the glass panels are imbedded. In order to secure the desired additional hardness, maleic anhydride in the proportions indicated above is added in processing the mastic body.

Referring to Fig. 8, a laminated window panel 3l0 is mounted in a wall section 3 and is held therein by means of inner and outer frame members 3M and 3E5 surrounding the panel in the same manner as that described with reference to Fig. 1. Fasteners 316 secured through openings 3|! in the frame members hold the latter in proper assembled relation.

318, to the wall section.

The laminated panel 3H! comprises a sheet interlayer 320 of organic plastic, such as vinyl acetal resin, upon opposite sides of which inner and outer plates 323 and 324 of methyl methacrylate resin are bonded. These plates can be in the form of the CR-39 resin referred to above. The resin plates are harder than the interposed sheet of plastic 320.

The edges of the plates 323 and 324, together with the interlayer 320, are beveled, as indicated at 325, to form a continuous beveled edge of the composite laminated unit 310. Mastic material 330 of the same type as that described above with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 surrounds the unit or panel 3! which projects into, and is bonded to, the mastic to such extent as to cover both sides of the beveled margin. The surface of the panel 3H! is thus disposed flush with the surface of the wall section. The outer edge of the frame member 3l5 has a beveled edge 335 which is spaced in oposed relation to the beveled portion 325 of the panel. Sealing tape 340 of the same type as that described above can be applied as a lining along the inner sides of the frames 3l4. However, the mastic and plastic panel adhere very tenaciously to each other and form an efficient seal without the intervening tape. The mastic is applied between the frame members in the same manner as that described with reference to the other figures of the drawing.

From the foregoing description, it will be understood that the edges of the window panel whether composed of glass or resins, are supported directly in floating relation in a body of mastic which is molded to the form of the margins of the panel and the supporting frame structure. Hence, localized stresses which might result from irregular fitting of the frame structure and panel are obviated. Likewise, since the mastic body is yieldable, though sufficiently strong to withstand relatively great pressure I If desired, the inner frame member can be welded, as indicated at 6 forces imposed upon the panel, the latter can flex uniformly under the action of such pressure forces.

Although illustrative forms of the invention have been shown and describecl in detail it will be apparent to those skilled in the art that the invention is not so limited but that changes can be made therein without departure from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the appended claims.

I claim:

1. In a windowed wall section, a glass panel having reduced marginal portions, a body of yieldable mastic material sealed to said reduced marginal portions, said mastic material constituting a matrix holding the reduced marginal portions imbedded therein, frame supports surrounding the panel in overlapping relation to the reduced marginal portions and holding the mastic material on opposite sides of the mean plane of the panel, the mastic material constituting a spacing and supporting medium between the panel and frame supports on opposite sides of the reduced marginal portions and supporting said panel in floating relation, said mastic material having approximately the following formula:

Parts by weight Alkyd resin 84 Styrene 56 Aluminum metal powder 14 Neutral filler Cobalt resinate dryer 2 2. In a windowed wall section, frame supports defining a panel-receiving opening in the wall section and the frame supports in cross section defining a continuous channel, a homogeneous mass of mastic material in its final form being pliable and yieldable substantially filling said channel the entire length thereof, a bendable window .panel having a marginal extension of less thickness than the body of the panel and being at least partially embedded in said mastic in the channel throughout its perimeter and said panel being bendable while it is disposed in said yieldable mastic, and strip metal having a portion lying substantially coextensively with the marginal extension inside the channel and having another portion extending at an angle thereto and overlapping an adjacent portion of the panel outside the channel.

DANIEL T. DOWNES.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,283,775 Howe Nov. 5, 1918 1,628,705 Zimmer May 17, 1927 1,848,907 Schaffert Mar. 8, 1932 2,293,656 McClain Aug. 18, 1942 2,326,203 Dennison Aug. 10, 1943 2,356,878 Painter Aug. 29, 1944 2,364,512 Bower Dec. 5, 1944 2,388,042 Daily Oct. 30, 1945 2,403,060 Downes July 2, 1946 2,403,061 Downes July 2, 1946

Images