US2579778A - Method of surface lubrication of metal products - Google Patents
Method of surface lubrication of metal products Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2579778A US2579778A US224411A US22441151A US2579778A US 2579778 A US2579778 A US 2579778A US 224411 A US224411 A US 224411A US 22441151 A US22441151 A US 22441151A US 2579778 A US2579778 A US 2579778A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- lubricant
- emulsion
- acid
- globules
- strip
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M3/00—Liquid compositions essentially based on lubricating components other than mineral lubricating oils or fatty oils and their use as lubricants; Use as lubricants of single liquid substances
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D—PROCESSES FOR APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05D1/00—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials
- B05D1/02—Processes for applying liquids or other fluent materials performed by spraying
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2201/00—Inorganic compounds or elements as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2201/02—Water
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/122—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms monocarboxylic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/121—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms
- C10M2207/124—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of seven or less carbon atoms containing hydroxy groups; Ethers thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/125—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of eight up to twenty-nine carbon atoms, i.e. fatty acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/10—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof
- C10M2207/12—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
- C10M2207/129—Carboxylix acids; Neutral salts thereof having carboxyl groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms having hydrocarbon chains of thirty or more carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/282—Esters of (cyclo)aliphatic oolycarboxylic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/287—Partial esters
- C10M2207/289—Partial esters containing free hydroxy groups
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/28—Esters
- C10M2207/34—Esters having a hydrocarbon substituent of thirty or more carbon atoms, e.g. substituted succinic acid derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2207/00—Organic non-macromolecular hydrocarbon compounds containing hydrogen, carbon and oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2207/40—Fatty vegetable or animal oils
- C10M2207/404—Fatty vegetable or animal oils obtained from genetically modified species
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2209/00—Organic macromolecular compounds containing oxygen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2209/10—Macromolecular compoundss obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- C10M2209/103—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups
- C10M2209/104—Polyethers, i.e. containing di- or higher polyoxyalkylene groups of alkylene oxides containing two carbon atoms only
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/02—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines
- C10M2215/04—Amines, e.g. polyalkylene polyamines; Quaternary amines having amino groups bound to acyclic or cycloaliphatic carbon atoms
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/08—Amides
- C10M2215/082—Amides containing hydroxyl groups; Alkoxylated derivatives
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/10—Amides of carbonic or haloformic acids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/26—Amines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2215/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing nitrogen as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2215/28—Amides; Imides
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10M—LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS; USE OF CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES EITHER ALONE OR AS LUBRICATING INGREDIENTS IN A LUBRICATING COMPOSITION
- C10M2223/00—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions
- C10M2223/02—Organic non-macromolecular compounds containing phosphorus as ingredients in lubricant compositions having no phosphorus-to-carbon bonds
- C10M2223/04—Phosphate esters
- C10M2223/042—Metal salts thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10N—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
- C10N2030/00—Specified physical or chemical properties which is improved by the additive characterising the lubricating composition, e.g. multifunctional additives
- C10N2030/12—Inhibition of corrosion, e.g. anti-rust agents or anti-corrosives
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements in the method of surface lubrication of metal products, such as tin plate and the like.
- An object of the present invention is to provide improved methods of applying lubricant coatings to metal surfaces and overcoming the objections of previous coating methods.
- a further object of the invention is to provide improved methods of applying to metal surfaces lubricant coatings which are continuous, uniform, non-smeary and the weight of which can be controlled.
- a further object of the invention is to provide improved methods of applying lubricant coatings to metal surfaces in which lubricant globules first are deposited on the surface from a lubricantin-water emulsion and subsequently the surface receives a water spray which removes excess emulsion and coalesces the globules that are attached to the surface leaving a uniform lubricant film of controlled weight.
- the lubricant globules carry like electric charges and hence repel one another. As hereinafter explained, the
- the surface receives the emulsion spray, it receives a water spray which washes away all of the emulsion except the lubricant globules which actually are adhering to this surface.
- the water spray also unbalances the forces which maintain the globules as separate droplets and thus enables them to coalesce and form a continuous film. I believe their coalescing is due to a breaking of the emulsion, either through removal of the emulsifying agent, or in the case of acid emulsions through dilution of the acid content, or both, but
- the single figure of the drawing shows diagrammatically one form of apparatus suitable for performing the improved method of the present invention.
- tin plate S in strip form, has been coated and otherwise finished except for the application of a lubricant coating.
- the strip moves through a series of vertical passes between rolls 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6.
- the emulsion preferably is homogenized continuously in a homogenizing unit E2 in fluid circuit with a reservoir l3 which contains a supply of the emulsion.
- Supply and return conduits l4 and I5 connect said reservoir with the homogen izing unit.
- the emulsion is drawn from the reservoir l3 through a suction conduit l6 and pump 11, and is supplied to the sprays 1 through a conduit l8, the surplus from said sprays and the strip falling into reservoir l3 for reuse.
- Damming rolls [9 can be employed to prevent drag-out and wastage A lubricant film of about .01 to. .30 gramsof. lubricant per base box, or about .000023 to .00069.
- the emulsion is of the lubricant-in-water type.
- the lubricant mustbe of the class which has a greater affinity for the metal surface than the aqueous "phase of the-emulsion has for this sur-' face.
- This affinity is an inherent property "of some lubricants, such as those which-"intheir" natural state contain compounds that have free carboxylic groups.
- the same affinity can be imparted to other lubricants by the addition of substances thathavefree carboxylic groups or 7 their equivalents.
- Afurtheressential'forlubrieating tin plate which is to be'used'in food cone tainers' isthat the ingredients of the emulsion must be non-poisonous.
- Dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, tributyl citrate, and-similar organic plasticizers Dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, tributyl citrate, and-similar organic plasticizers.
- Additive substances for the second type of lubricants typically-are intermediate and 3 long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids. Specific examples are oleic acid stearic acid, linoleic acid,
- the optimum proportion of additive substance may be-deter mined empirically for any particular lubricant and is adjusted to furnish a satisfactory adherence ofthe lubricant globules to a metal surface.
- Emulsifying agents can be classifiedas anionic"
- any one of the three classes "ofemulsifying agents is operable.
- emulsifying agent can be either cationic or non-ionic, provided it tolerates acidity.
- the; emulsifying agent can beselected from the long chain amines, carboxyl amides, phosphoric acid esters, or fother cationic or non-ionic emulsifying agents.
- Amine 220 which is a commercial productunderstood to be defined by the formula 1 hydroxyethyl 2 'heptadecenyl glyoxalidine.
- Other specific examples of satisfactory cationic emulsifying agents are:
- a weakly ionizable acid such as acetic, citric'or tartaric is preferable for furnishing the acidity.
- a pI-I f of between 2 and 6 is sufficient-to maintain a stable emulsion-and that acetic acid is particularly suitable for the purpose.
- the-lubricant and emulsifier are mixed and add'edtothe water and" acid.
- the water'dilution preferably is such that 1 the resulting emulsion contains from about-3 to 12 ml. of the lubricant per liter.
- The-concen tration of the emulsifying agent is sufilcientto I havefound that the weight of depositedlubrie cant-variesinversely with the ratioof emulsifier 1' to lubricant, and that varying either the lubritcant or" the emulsifier content provides aniexe cellent method of controlling the weight of the. lubricant film within the weight ranger hereinbez-x fore stated;
- Cottonseed oil 10 0 Amine 220' .5; pH .2 ml. oil per liter a 3.8
- Example 4 Palm oil 100 Mannitan monopalmitate 8 pH 2-6 ml. oil per liter 12
- Example 5 Cottonseed oil 100 Amine 220 1.75 pH 2-6 ml. oil per liter 3.8
- Example 6 Dibutyl sebacate 75 Oleic acid 25 Amine 220 3/4 pH 2-6 ml. lubricant per liter 6
- Example 7 Dibutyl phthalate 95 Palmitic acid 5 Amine 220 1.2 pH .1--- 2-6 ml. lubricant per liter 5.7
- Example 8 Tributyl citrate 77 Stearic acid 23 Amine 220 1.2 pH 26 ml. lubricant per liter 4
- the tin plate is washed to remove substantially all unattached globules of lubricants, leaving only the attached globules which adhere to the surface.
- the washing step also functions to unbalance those forces which maintain the attached globules of lubricant as individual droplets, whereupon these droplets coalesce and flatten to form a substantially continuous uniform film.
- the product is dried by any suitable means.
- the method of surface lubrication of metal strip and the like which comprises applying to the strip surface a lubricant-in-water emulsion having a pH value of 2 to 6 produced by a weakly ionizable organic acid and consisting of 3 to 12 ml.
- the lubricant being selected from the group which consists of dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate and tributyl citrate and having incorporated therein a long chain carboxylic acid having from 14 to 18 carbon atoms to furnish free carboxylic groups, the amount of carboxylic acid being 5 to 25 percent of the weight of the lubricant
- the emulsifying agent being selected from the group which consists of cationic emulsifying agents and non-ionic emulsifying agents and being an agent which tolerates acidity, the concentration of emulsifying agent being sufficient to stabilize the emulsion without preventing adherence of lubricant globules to the strip surface, lubricant globules thus adhering to the strip surface as separate droplets, washing the emulsion bearing strip with a low pressure water spray, which removes the excess
Description
W. S. ALLEN Dec. 25, 1951 METHOD OF SURFACE LUBRICATION OF METAL PRODUCTS Original Filed April 6, 1949 1N VEN TOR. U/IM 5, flALf/V,
Patented Dec. 25, 1851 METHOD OF SURFACE LUBRICATION OF METAL PRODUCTS William S. Allen, Pittsburgh, Pa., assignor to United States Steel Company, a corporation of New Jersey Original application April 6, 1949, Serial No. 85,750. Divided and this applicationMay 3, 1951, Serial No. 224,411
4 Claims. 1
This invention relates to improvements in the method of surface lubrication of metal products, such as tin plate and the like.
With the commercial development of electrolytic tin plate, the dry character of such tin plate has caused the container industry difficulty. The industry had adapted their manufacturing methods, machinery and lacquers to accommodate the lubricated tin plate formerly produced by the hot-dip process, and have found that the dry electrolytic tin plate was difiicult to assort and handle, was susceptible to scratches and marking, and provided different enameling and printing characteristics.
Various methods have been tried in an endeavor to supply the desired lubrication to the tin plate, but have proved unsatisfactory for one reason or another. Generally, those methods which have been tried heretofore have been incapable of control and for the most part have produced nonuniform and excessive lubrication which also is highly objectionable.
An object of the present invention is to provide improved methods of applying lubricant coatings to metal surfaces and overcoming the objections of previous coating methods.
A further object of the invention is to provide improved methods of applying to metal surfaces lubricant coatings which are continuous, uniform, non-smeary and the weight of which can be controlled.
A further object of the invention is to provide improved methods of applying lubricant coatings to metal surfaces in which lubricant globules first are deposited on the surface from a lubricantin-water emulsion and subsequently the surface receives a water spray which removes excess emulsion and coalesces the globules that are attached to the surface leaving a uniform lubricant film of controlled weight.
In a lubricant-in-water emulsion, the lubricant globules carry like electric charges and hence repel one another. As hereinafter explained, the
lubricants used in practicing the present invena continuous film since they remain as separate,
droplets. I am aware of previous attempts to apply lubricant coatings to metal surfaces from emulsions in which the water is evaporated after the globules are. deposited, but such attempts have not been successful for the reason that the overlying layer of emulsion also dries and thus the film thickness cannot be controlled.
According to the present invention, after the surface receives the emulsion spray, it receives a water spray which washes away all of the emulsion except the lubricant globules which actually are adhering to this surface. The water spray also unbalances the forces which maintain the globules as separate droplets and thus enables them to coalesce and form a continuous film. I believe their coalescing is due to a breaking of the emulsion, either through removal of the emulsifying agent, or in the case of acid emulsions through dilution of the acid content, or both, but
I do not wish to limit the present invention to any particular theory.
The single figure of the drawing shows diagrammatically one form of apparatus suitable for performing the improved method of the present invention. In this figure tin plate S, in strip form, has been coated and otherwise finished except for the application of a lubricant coating. The strip moves through a series of vertical passes between rolls 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6. In
an upward pass between rolls 3 and 4, emulsion flows onto both sides of the strip from low pressure sprays 1, following which water from low pressure sprays 8 floods the strip during its travel in the downward pass between rolls 4 and 5. The spray pressure must not be so great that it washes away adhered globules. Finally the strip passes upwardly through squeegee rolls 9 and through a drying chamber [0, which may be equipped with steam coils or pipes I I.
The emulsion preferably is homogenized continuously in a homogenizing unit E2 in fluid circuit with a reservoir l3 which contains a supply of the emulsion. Supply and return conduits l4 and I5 connect said reservoir with the homogen izing unit. The emulsion is drawn from the reservoir l3 through a suction conduit l6 and pump 11, and is supplied to the sprays 1 through a conduit l8, the surplus from said sprays and the strip falling into reservoir l3 for reuse.
The emulsion must flow on the strip for a sufficient interval for a complete layer of lubricant globules to adhere thereto. Damming rolls [9 can be employed to prevent drag-out and wastage A lubricant film of about .01 to. .30 gramsof. lubricant per base box, or about .000023 to .00069.
grams per square foot has been found satisfactory for the purposes hereinbefore" stated. Present methods of determining the weights of such lubricant films present some difficulty, but sufficiently accurate Weights and comparisons have been made to fix the foregoinglimitsassatisfactory for the container industry.
The emulsion is of the lubricant-in-water type.
The lubricant mustbe of the class which has a greater affinity for the metal surface than the aqueous "phase of the-emulsion has for this sur-' face. This affinity is an inherent property "of some lubricants, such as those which-"intheir" natural state contain compounds that have free carboxylic groups. The same affinity can be imparted to other lubricants by the addition of substances thathavefree carboxylic groups or 7 their equivalents. Afurtheressential'forlubrieating tin plate which is to be'used'in food cone tainers' isthat the ingredients of the emulsion must be non-poisonous.
Examples of lubricants which I have found satisfactory and whose aflinity 1 is an inherent property are as follows:
Palm oil, cottonseed oil, corn oil, olive oil, coco nut oil, lardoil, tallow, and similar fatty acidesters.
Examples of lubricants which I have found:
otherwise satisfactory and to which the neces: sary afiinity can be imparted by the addition of substances that have free carboxylic groups are as follows:
Dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate, tributyl citrate, and-similar organic plasticizers.
Additive substances for the second type of lubricants typically-are intermediate and 3 long chain aliphatic carboxylic acids. Specific examples are oleic acid stearic acid, linoleic acid,
myristic. acid and palmitic acid. These-additive substances may, ifdesired, be used with lubri cants of the first type, although ordinarily they" are -not needed since usually they are present,
naturally in sufiicient quantities. The optimum proportion of additive substance may be-deter mined empirically for any particular lubricant and is adjusted to furnish a satisfactory adherence ofthe lubricant globules to a metal surface.
For lubricants of thesecond type, I find 5 to percent of the additive substance in the lubricant ordinarily furnishes satisfactoryglobule a d- Some lubricants of the first type, such herence. V v as'highly refined cottonseed oils, containas-little at'OB to OA percent free acids and yet ordinarily they havesatisfactory globule adherencewithout addition of more acid.
Emulsifying agents can be classifiedas anionic";
cationic, and non-ionic. For forming an emulsion from which an oil film can be deposited on a metal surface, any one of the three classes "ofemulsifying agents is operable.
stabilized with anionic emulsifying agents precipitate insoluble soaps which form scums on the emulsion and smear the metal surface and-also interfere: with subsequent lacquer adhesion-."-'
However, emu1 sions which are formed of hard water and are 4, Therefore the process of the present invention requires that the emulsion be acid. The emulsifying agent can be either cationic or non-ionic, provided it tolerates acidity.
In preparing the acid emulsions, the; emulsifying agentcan beselected from the long chain amines, carboxyl amides, phosphoric acid esters, or fother cationic or non-ionic emulsifying agents. As an example, I have used with particular success Amine 220 which is a commercial productunderstood to be defined by the formula 1 hydroxyethyl 2 'heptadecenyl glyoxalidine. Other specific examples of satisfactory cationic emulsifying agents are:
Oleic amide, .castor amide, coconut amide, coconut amine, oleic amine, n-monododecylamine, and n-monohexadecylamine.
Specific examples of satisfactory non-ionic emulsifying agents are:
Diethylene glycol stearate, mannitan mono palmitate; mannitan -monolaurate-, andsorbitol monopalmitate;
With acid emulsions a weakly ionizable acid, such as acetic, citric'or tartaric is preferable for furnishing the acidity. I have'found that a pI-I f of between 2 and 6 is sufficient-to maintain a stable emulsion-and that acetic acid is particularly suitable for the purpose.
When the emulsion is prepared, the-lubricant and emulsifier, with the additivesubstance if .em-' ployed, are mixed and add'edtothe water and" acid. The water'dilution preferably is such that 1 the resulting emulsion contains from about-3 to 12 ml. of the lubricant per liter. The-concen =tration of the emulsifying agent is sufilcientto I havefound that the weight of depositedlubrie cant-variesinversely with the ratioof emulsifier 1' to lubricant, and that varying either the lubritcant or" the emulsifier content provides aniexe cellent method of controlling the weight of the. lubricant film within the weight ranger hereinbez-x fore stated;
The following are specific examples oftzemule sions which I have found suitable for: producing.
surface lubrication of electrolytic tin platewithinqrr.
the range'of lubricant weights suitable for. such tin plate. The proportionsof lubricant; additive: substance and emulsifying-.agent'arein parts 'by-x volume, and acetic. acid isemployed:tofurnishsthe pH values indicated:
Example .1
Example 2 Palm oil i" Amine 220 1.75. pH 2-6 ml. 'oil per liter 4 Example 3 V Palm oil 100* N-monododecyl amine 8.3- pH 2 6- 15 ml. oil per liter 11.4
Example 4 Palm oil 100 Mannitan monopalmitate 8 pH 2-6 ml. oil per liter 12 Example 5 Cottonseed oil 100 Amine 220 1.75 pH 2-6 ml. oil per liter 3.8
Example 6 Dibutyl sebacate 75 Oleic acid 25 Amine 220 3/4 pH 2-6 ml. lubricant per liter 6 Example 7 Dibutyl phthalate 95 Palmitic acid 5 Amine 220 1.2 pH .1--- 2-6 ml. lubricant per liter 5.7
Example 8 Tributyl citrate 77 Stearic acid 23 Amine 220 1.2 pH 26 ml. lubricant per liter 4 After such emulsions are applied to the tin plate in the manner stated, the tin plate is washed to remove substantially all unattached globules of lubricants, leaving only the attached globules which adhere to the surface. The washing step also functions to unbalance those forces which maintain the attached globules of lubricant as individual droplets, whereupon these droplets coalesce and flatten to form a substantially continuous uniform film. Following this washing step, the product is dried by any suitable means.
While my improved method has been shown and described herein in connection with electrolytic tin plate, the same is not to be limited thereto. Since the lubricant-to-metal adhesion tension does not vary in appreciable amount for different metals, obviously the herein described method may be employed for similarly lubricating other metal products.
The present application is a division of my earlier application Serial No. 85,750, filed April 6, 1949. This parent application was a continuation-in-part of my co-pending'application Serial No. 735,637, filed March 19, 1947, now abandoned, and which in turn was a continuation of my application Serial No. 503,723, filed September 24, 1943, also now abandoned.
Various changes and modifications are contemplated within the scope of the following claims.
I claim:
1. The method of surface lubrication of metal strip and the like which comprises applying to the strip surface a lubricant-in-water emulsion having a pH value of 2 to 6 produced by a weakly ionizable organic acid and consisting of 3 to 12 ml. of lubricant per liter of emulsion and 0.5 to 6.0 parts of an emulsifying agent per parts of lubricant by volume, the lubricant being selected from the group which consists of dibutyl phthalate, dibutyl sebacate and tributyl citrate and having incorporated therein a long chain carboxylic acid having from 14 to 18 carbon atoms to furnish free carboxylic groups, the amount of carboxylic acid being 5 to 25 percent of the weight of the lubricant, the emulsifying agent being selected from the group which consists of cationic emulsifying agents and non-ionic emulsifying agents and being an agent which tolerates acidity, the concentration of emulsifying agent being sufficient to stabilize the emulsion without preventing adherence of lubricant globules to the strip surface, lubricant globules thus adhering to the strip surface as separate droplets, washing the emulsion bearing strip with a low pressure water spray, which removes the excess emulsion and coalesces the adhering lubricant droplets into a continuous film, and drying the strip surface.
2. A method as defined in claim 1 in which the lubricant is dibutyl phthalate.
3. A method as defined in claim 1 in which the lubricant is dibutyl sebacate.
4. A method as defined in claim 1 in which the lubricant is tributyl citrate.
WILLIAM S. ALLEN.
N 0 references cited.
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US224411A US2579778A (en) | 1949-04-06 | 1951-05-03 | Method of surface lubrication of metal products |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US85750A US2579777A (en) | 1949-04-06 | 1949-04-06 | Method of surface lubrication of metal products |
US224411A US2579778A (en) | 1949-04-06 | 1951-05-03 | Method of surface lubrication of metal products |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US2579778A true US2579778A (en) | 1951-12-25 |
Family
ID=26773042
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US224411A Expired - Lifetime US2579778A (en) | 1949-04-06 | 1951-05-03 | Method of surface lubrication of metal products |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US2579778A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2772185A (en) * | 1953-05-15 | 1956-11-27 | American Metaseal Mfg Corp | Treating solid objects |
US2848353A (en) * | 1954-10-21 | 1958-08-19 | Edward O Norris | Method and apparatus for spraying articles including separation and recirculation of coating material |
US2861897A (en) * | 1955-01-13 | 1958-11-25 | Du Pont | Method of applying an organic film coating by spraying |
US2963391A (en) * | 1957-06-28 | 1960-12-06 | Aluminum Res Corp | Cold forming lubricant and method of applying same |
US3941910A (en) * | 1970-09-10 | 1976-03-02 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Oil-coated metal sheet |
EP0013013A1 (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1980-07-09 | Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR | Method and device for applying and drying liquid lubricants |
USRE31349E (en) * | 1972-03-10 | 1983-08-16 | National Steel Corporation | Lubricated metallic container stocks and method of preparing the same and applying organic coating thereto |
DE102005045033B3 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-01-18 | Rasselstein Gmbh | Method for reducing coefficient of friction of tin- or chromium plated steel strip comprises spraying coated strip with surfactant solution while it is moving at same speed as that used during electroplating |
EP1767665A2 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-28 | Rasselstein GmbH | Method for passivation of coated metal sheets and apparatus thereof |
US20070277370A1 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-12-06 | Yevgen Kalynushkin | Apparatus for forming structured material for energy storage device and method |
-
1951
- 1951-05-03 US US224411A patent/US2579778A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
None * |
Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2772185A (en) * | 1953-05-15 | 1956-11-27 | American Metaseal Mfg Corp | Treating solid objects |
US2848353A (en) * | 1954-10-21 | 1958-08-19 | Edward O Norris | Method and apparatus for spraying articles including separation and recirculation of coating material |
US2861897A (en) * | 1955-01-13 | 1958-11-25 | Du Pont | Method of applying an organic film coating by spraying |
US2963391A (en) * | 1957-06-28 | 1960-12-06 | Aluminum Res Corp | Cold forming lubricant and method of applying same |
US3941910A (en) * | 1970-09-10 | 1976-03-02 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Oil-coated metal sheet |
USRE31349E (en) * | 1972-03-10 | 1983-08-16 | National Steel Corporation | Lubricated metallic container stocks and method of preparing the same and applying organic coating thereto |
EP0013013A1 (en) * | 1978-12-21 | 1980-07-09 | Akademie der Wissenschaften der DDR | Method and device for applying and drying liquid lubricants |
US20070062617A1 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-22 | Theodor Florian | Method for lowering the coefficient of friction of the surface of metal bands with a coating and device for applying a metallic coating onto a steel band |
DE102005045033B3 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-01-18 | Rasselstein Gmbh | Method for reducing coefficient of friction of tin- or chromium plated steel strip comprises spraying coated strip with surfactant solution while it is moving at same speed as that used during electroplating |
EP1767665A2 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-28 | Rasselstein GmbH | Method for passivation of coated metal sheets and apparatus thereof |
EP1767673A2 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2007-03-28 | Rasselstein GmbH | Process for the reduction of the friction coefficient of coated metal strips and apparatus for applying a metallic coating to a steel strip. |
EP1767673A3 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2007-05-30 | Rasselstein GmbH | Process for the reduction of the friction coefficient of coated metal strips and apparatus for applying a metallic coating to a steel strip. |
EP1767665A3 (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2008-07-16 | Rasselstein GmbH | Method for passivation of coated metal sheets and apparatus thereof |
CN1935391B (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2012-03-28 | 拉塞斯坦有限公司 | Method for lowering the coefficient of friction of the surface of metal bands with a coating and device for applying a metallic coating onto a steel band |
CN1935392B (en) * | 2005-09-21 | 2012-07-04 | 拉塞斯坦有限公司 | Method for the passivation of the surface of coated metal bands and device for the application of the passive layer on a metal coated steel band |
KR101216697B1 (en) | 2005-09-21 | 2013-01-09 | 티센크루프 라셀쉬타인 게엠베하 | Method for the passivation of the surface of coated metal bands and device for the application of the passive layer on a metal coated steel band |
US20070277370A1 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2007-12-06 | Yevgen Kalynushkin | Apparatus for forming structured material for energy storage device and method |
US8142569B2 (en) * | 2006-03-08 | 2012-03-27 | Nanoener Technologies, Inc. | Apparatus for forming structured material for energy storage device and method |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US2579778A (en) | Method of surface lubrication of metal products | |
US3605473A (en) | Method and apparatus for hot rolling ferrous metal workpieces | |
US2126128A (en) | Lubricant and method of lubricating metal during forming operations | |
CN108085118A (en) | A kind of environment-friendly metal processing acid lubricant and technique | |
US2579777A (en) | Method of surface lubrication of metal products | |
US3600310A (en) | Lubricant for metal working | |
US3787227A (en) | Rust preventative compositions | |
DE2545500A1 (en) | METAL WORKING LUBRICANT AND METHOD OF APPLICATION | |
US4287741A (en) | Lubricated tinplate for drawing and ironing operation | |
EP0099929B1 (en) | Method for drawing aluminium and other soft metals | |
US3923471A (en) | Lubricated metallic container stocks and method of preparing the same and applying an organic coating thereto | |
US4289546A (en) | Aqueous acidic lubricant composition and method for coating metals | |
US1329467A (en) | Method of coating articles | |
CA1149370A (en) | Aqueous acidic lubricant composition and method for coating metals | |
US2223037A (en) | Cold working metal | |
DE2732009C3 (en) | Process for the electrostatic application of an oil-containing protective surface layer to strip-shaped fine sheet metal | |
US3523895A (en) | Metal working lubricant | |
US4637117A (en) | Method for deep drawing thin metal stock into containers and thereafter coating each container | |
JPH02117993A (en) | Processed oil composition for di can | |
US2935432A (en) | Metal treatment | |
US3941910A (en) | Oil-coated metal sheet | |
GB1421386A (en) | Coating compostions | |
US5021172A (en) | Paint compatible pre-lubricant | |
JP3231798B2 (en) | Drawing / ironing equipment and lubrication / cooling method | |
DE2660293C2 (en) | Metal substrate with a lubricant application and a method for its manufacture |