US2610001A - Roll supporting means - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 9, 1952 E. E. BURROUGHS 2,610,001

ROLL SUPPORTING MEANS Filed Oct. 9, 1948 5 Sheets-Sheet l E. E. BURROUGHS ROLL SUPPORTING MEANS Sept. 9, 1952 5 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed Oct. 9. 1948 INVENTOR.

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Sept. 9, 1952 E. E. BuRRouGl-ls 2,610,001

v ROLL SUPPORTING MEANS Filed Oct. 9, 1948 5 Sheets-Sheet 3 INVENTOR. EDWIN E-BURROUGH5.

ATTORNEKS.

Sept 9 1952 E. EBURROUGHS 2,610,001

ROLL SUPPORTING MEANS Filed oct. 9, 194s 5 sheets-sheet 4 IN V EN TOR.

EovvlN ELBURROUGHS.

ew Arron/frs.

Sept. 9, 1952 E. E. BuRRoUGHs ROLL SUPPORTING MEANS Filed Oc'f..v 9. 1948 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 Il): 11 l 0 .Wak

IN VEN TOR.

ICL. ATTORNEYS.

Patented Sept. 9, 1952 ROLL SUPPORTING MEANS Edwin E. Burroughs, Brooklyn, N. Y., assigner to St. Regis Paper Company, New York, N. Y., a

corporation of New York Application october 9, 194s, serial No. 53,710

4 Claims.

This invention relates to devices for supporting cores upon which lengths of material such as paper are wound, and more particularly to means for controlling the position of certain elements of such devices. Y In apparatus suggested in the past for rotatably supporting heavy rolls of material as paper, for example, associated with a bag tube making machine, it has been normal practice to provide a pair of iixed upright frames or main support members upon which rests a Shaft, the latter in turn passing through the center of a core upon which the paper is wound. Usually the diameter of such a shaft is less than the diameter of the longitudinal passage through the core. Thus means have had to be provided for iirmly securing the roll upon the shaft whereby axial sliding and radial movement of the roll are prevented. A pair of conical members which are axially slidable upon the shaft in the manner of sleeves are commonly employed for this purpose, the pointed extremities thereof being pointed inwardly oi' the roll and toward one another. Such members are urged firmly into the respective mouths of the cores center passage and when in position preferably partially protrude therefrom. They are locked as by a collar, in this position.

Such shaft, conical members and their locking devices are usually of metal and are unusually heavy, unwieldy and require manual moving.

In the past a serious source of diiliculty in the making oi, for example, paper bags, has been the necessity to use such large and unwieldy shafts, cones, and their related parts. These have had to be handled a number of times every time it has been necessary to change a paper roll. The shaft usually weighs, for example, about one hundred pounds, each cone weighs, for example, about pounds. The loss of time and the expense of handling these elements have caused appreciable overall loss in such manufacturing operations.

Moreover, the frame members for supporting the control shaft on which the paper roll turns, havebeen rigidly disposed upon a xed foundation and have not been able to move axially in synchronism or towards or away from one another. Thus the bearings (frames) which support the control shaft have been at a constant distance from one another as determined by the length of the longest roll to be supported, for example, sixty inches. When a relatively short or narrow roll, for example, twenty-eight inches, is so supported upon the shaft in such ixed frames, the shaft will sag. When the 'roll of paper is paying out considerable bouncing will occur due to springiness or resilience of the sagging shaft. This bouncing produces serious results in such machines as bag tube making devices. F'or" example, the bag tubes may be wrinkled and thus must be rejected. Also, the

bouncing may upset the staggered relationship of` a plurality of paper webs as in a multi-wall bag tubing machine.

One of the objects of thepresent invention is to overcome the above diiculties orto reduce them to insignicance. l

The above and further objects and novelfeatures will more fully appear from the detailed description when the latter is read in connection with the accompanying drawings. It is to be expressly understood, however, that the `drawings are for purposes of illustration only and are not intended as a denition ot the limits of the invention, reference for this latter purpose being had to the appended claims.

In the drawings,

Fig. 1 is a front elevation of one form of the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevation of the apparatus shown in Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is an enlarged detailed View, partly in section and with parts broken away, of a main control means together with certain related ele-r,

ments embodying the present invention;

Fig. 3a is a plan view partly in section of certain of the control shafts and a brake element employed in the present invention;

Fig. 3b is a detail fragmentary view partly in section and with parts broken away showing certain other shafts and elements, as employed in the invention;

Fig. 4 is a plan View partly in section, with parts broken away and with certain parts omitted for purposes of illustration, showing certain kof prises a pair of upright frame members adapted;

for supporting a pair of paper rolls, which mein'- bers, in order to accommodate rolls of differing;

sizes and to provide rigid support therefor closely adjacent same to prevent bouncing, are adjustably mounted for relative axial movement upon a carriage, that is, they can be spread apart or moved toward one another. Since it may be desirable to be able to shift a web of the rolled material sidewise or laterally, for example, in order to adjust its position as in a bag tube forming machine; or'fi'n order to adjust one web in a staggeredl position relative to-another web, the two frame members are also mounted for synchronous movement in the same direction, that:

is, they can be shifted together in the directionHV of the axis of the roll supported thereby.

Referring to the drawings, framef members Mis' and II are adapted for movementupon aicarriage; I2 whereby they can lbe shifted toward or away from one another or shifted together axiallyA for reasons above mentioned.

The frame members I and II are in axial..

alignment and are adapted for movement along said carriage.- I2 by virtue offrameY feet" members` |31. and., I.4. which. rest upon suitable roller bear.` ings. I5- (Figs. 1,12, 3b and. 6). A setv of such roller bearings, may be. providedI upon either sider of. thefeet, as-.showninF-ig. 6.V The roller bear-- ings,I if. desired, can constitute the crosslinks vofsprocket; chains` whereby) the individual bearingsare heldin .desired spaced relationship.

Drumw control means Inilorder. to: facilitate-the continuous: operation offacmachine suchas a. bag-'tuber which is. employed with the present apparatus; provisionkv is made for the: mounting uponl saidiframee-simultaneously. of two` rollsofTv paper. One: ofi these rollscan be. paying outv to f the bagv tuberv andi-the' other: roll;` can` be placed'in position upon the` frames in preparationfor running in 'the'.new: roll ofpapershortly before i the 'rstirollibe'comes. exhausted.. It'. hasbeenv found desirable to.` posi.- tion theV new o1: oncomingrollx whereby" the web thereof can be fiedinto.y a sofoalledivortex between the outgoing web andi-7a. suitable. roller which. guides same-in .its path: outwardly'. of; the apparatus. In the form showngsuchi al. guide rollers. isisituated at L the lowerY portion of't-he; ap-

paratus, thereby making it desirable to. locate.

the-oncomingroliabove theoutgoing roll: In orlder.` to. accomplish. this; a' pair: off angularly: shiftable:l drums: |16: andI IT are mounted in. respective oftsaidi frames IITLand' I I'and arborsfor supportingzth'eftwo rolls-zare,V for. example,` mounted: diametrically-fopposedf upon said'drums. first pair of coaxial;arborsmountedy upon saidl frames.

I0 and. Ifl'isindicat'ed at I3, I9, and "a second pair.: similarlyy mountedv is indicated atl 20;' 211.. The-..-headst orI knobs: ofi such arbors, which are adapted for extending into the mouths'. offthe paper rollv cores, are indicated: respectively" at IBa. 'Ii-lar 2m" and. 21a;y Said arbors; are: adaptedY for easyinsertion; and. withdrawal, intol such. paper-:rolll cores, for example; by4v threaded: association with said drums;. as-indicated atf22s-(Fig: 3).. Suitable hand: wheels-vare; preferably rigidly associa-ted. with" each of" said.- arbors in'. orderto shift..same axially for insertion` or' withdrawal.

Suitable arbor shoulders as at 20o (Fig-3).. are-- provided: which are-movable closely adjacent the core of the roll to prevent undesiredgshifting;

'Ilhe two arbors on a'- given': drum' are preferably diametrically. opposed. and. nearf the' periphery thereof,. asshown in Eig. 2;. whereby one ofy the two. above-mentioned. rolls.. of. paperA can. be

shifted to a lowermost position,.ther.eby moving aI coaxial pair of.' arbors,as 2.0;, 2I., into. the. upper.-

' drums are. made to shiftangularly, together. by-

most position wherein they are easily accessible for the installation of the replacement roll. The arbors are, of course, situated near the peripheries of their respective frame members, to provide ample clearance between rolls.

As shown in Fig. 2, a first roll 23 has been installed upon the upper pair of arbors and the web.' thereof 23u, is led; downwardly around the guideroller 24. which directs thee paper web out through a slot I2a in the carriage I2 (see Fig. l) and thence, for example, to a tube forming machine. Inorder to maintain a proper tension upon the roll 23, it is desirable to lay thereover a belt-Zvfhaving a' weight 26 at the free extremity thereof.. As. the roll 23 diminishes in diameter the. weight 2i6;..of. course, will drop and means are provided for winding the belt 25 upon a suitable shaft asV at 2'I as by a crank 28 (Fig. 1) having. associated therewith a suitable ratchet and pawl mechanism 29 (Fig. 2).

When-.itis desired to shift. the. roll. 23. to. the lower position, for example, when it is. about three-quarters exhausted, inforderto prepare for thefinstallation. ot a new. roll, thebeltlislifted.

off of the roll, the drums are shiftedangularly.,

a-Y suit-able` bore. in each. frameV member, andi for.-

engagingYf-ramerecesses as at 3.4 and 3.5".` (Fig. 2). The detents..may be lifted byf suitable. handles as at 36.

It ignecessary to shift.. said drums angularly andsynchronously in sucha manner that-the coaxial'pairsof arbors I8,A I9and 20,' 2`I will re.- main` in coaxial. relationship. Such means, in

theform shown. are constitutedV by a mechanical' interconnection-. The drums. have toothedlperipheries thereon .as at. Ilia, I'Ia (Fig. 3) -andlthe control'gear.. 3.9 mounted vupon said drum. control` The other. drum. I-I' isA similarly asso-- shaft. .''I.. ciated. with a second' drum` control gear 40 (Fig- 4)..v In viewof the. fact thatthe framemembers I`'.and'...l'|` are shiftable axially ina-manner. to appear below.. means .-must. be provided for shift ingthedrum control gears3l9l'and140.axially with. Such means.. constitute.

their respective drums. a yoke member provided upon eachframe mem: beizrrespectively adapted for engaging. circumferentialgrooves. 39a, IllaVVA in said drum. control gears..

An. analogous. yoke. is providedfor. the. gear 40'..

A. conventional. tongue. and. groove. interconnection.. (noti shown) exists between the drum. control: shaft. 3].- and. thegears 3.9 40. whereby said gearsarecoaxially shiftableupon the shaft freely. under. the influence ofsaid yokes andyetA torque. can be conveyed. thereto from` the. drum.4

control shaft.V

Such. a. yoke.- is illustrated/as. at |66` (Eig. 6)` which. engages. the groove in.- gear 39;v

A main control station is provided as at 4I (Figs` l, 3, 6) having localized therein manual means for rotating not only the drum control shaft 3'I but for controlling other adjustments in a manner to appear more fully hereinafter. As shown in Fig. 3, a hand crank 42 is secured to a shaft 43, the latter being rotatably mounted in a housing 44 which contains the operative connection between shaft 43 and the drum control shaft 31. This connection comprises, for example,'a sprocket chain` 45 which is stretched between suitable sprocket wheels secured to said shafts 31 and 43. l

Means for spreading or closing ,framesl and 11 As above mentioned, in order to accommodate rolls of differing sizes and to provide rigid support therefor closely adjacent said rolls to'prevent bouncing, means are provided for shifting the frame members axially relative to `one another which, in the form shown, comprise a frame spreading and closing shaft 46 which is in threaded engagement with threaded members secured to the frame feet I3 and I4 at 4l and 48, respectively (Figs. 3 and 3b). The threads for engaging the feet I3 and I4` are of opposite direction and preferably of equal pitch whereby rotation of the shaft 4B will spread apart or bring closer together the frame members.

Suitable means are provided for rotating the spreading and closing shaft 46, for example, comprising a centrally disposed gear of substantial length upon saidshaft 46 as at 49, the latter being rigidly secured to the formen The gear 49 is of a length equal to the distance through which it may be desired to shift said frames axially in the same direction, in order to insure that a gear 59 (Fig. 3a) will mesh therewith throughout this range of movement.

An operative interconnection is provided between the control station 4I and the frame spreading and closing shaft 49, of which said gear 5l] is a part, comprising a shaft 5I (Figs. 3 and 4) upon which the latter gear is mounted and which by means of a suitable sprocket chain 52 is connected to a crank shaft 53, the latter having secured thereto a crank 54. Shaft 53 is mounted at the control station 4I upon the housing 44.

Gear 50 and its shaft 5I are restrained from axial movement by suitable means.

Means are provided for indicating the distance between the frame members comprising a graduated drum 55 (Figs. 3 and 5) mounted upon a shaft 55 at the control station.- The indicia upon the graduated drum may be viewed from above the control station through a suitable window 5l. The shaft 55 is operatively connected to shaft 53 which controls the interframe olistance by means of a suitable gear train as at 58.

Means for axially shifting the frame members in, the same direction In orderV to make the apparatus substantially more compact and in order to provide for a substantial range of adjustment of the frames I9 and I I when shifted in the same direction, whereby the control station 4I can be located more closely to the frames than otherwise would be possible, a telescoping shaft arrangement is provided for effecting such frame shifting.

An axial thrust is exerted upon the frame spreading and closing shaft 49 by means of a threaded axial shift shaft 59 (Fig. 3) which is restrained fromaxial movement and which can vconvey such a thrust by rotation thereof through the intermediary of a `thrust communicating collar El) which is restrained from angular movement, for example, by means of a suitable yoke 69a which engages the above-mentionedr shaft 5I. The thrust transmitting collar 60 is provided with a portion 59h having inwardly extending shoulders adapted to engage a` circumferential groove in the shaft 46. l Such groove, for example, is formed between a shoulder 46a on the shaft 46 and a removable collar 46h. The groove is near one extremity of said' shaft as indicated in Fig. 3. A longitudinally extending recess 46c is formed extending into said extremity and having `a mouth at such extremity, which recess is adapted for receiving the above-mentioned threaded axial shift shaft 59. Said collar 60 is alsov provided with a `portion 60o having acentrally threaded bore for engaging the shaft 59. Said collar 46h is situated between the collar parts 69D and 60e and can be secured to the shaft 49 by, for example, a suitable set screw.

In View of the fact that the shaft 59 is restrained from axial movement, and collar 60 is restrained from angular movement, rotation of shaft 59 will transmit an axial thrust to the shaft 46 `and thence to the frame members Il] and II. A rotatable collar 59a (Fig.13) secured to the shaft 59 between a pair of fixed collars BI prevents said shaft from moving axially.

A suitable hand crank (not shown) is provided at the control station 4I for rotating shaft 59 through the intermediaryof a crank shaft 6 2 (Figs. 2 and 5), and a sprocket chain 63 passing over suitable sprocket wheels upon the shafts 59 and 62.

In operation, a typical sequence of events is as follows:

Y Assume that it is desired to mount a roll of paper, for example, sixty inches in length, and forty-two inches in diameter. Crank 54 is rotated and the graduated drum 55 is observed until the frame members are spread apart to the precise distance required. Then the heads of the uppermost pair of coaxial arbors are Withdrawn to receive the roll. Thereafter the roll of paper is moved into position and the arbors inserted into the core thereof, web 23a (Fig. 2) is led under the guide roll 24 and through the slot I2a to, for example, a bag tube forming machine. By adjusting the hand crank upon the shaft 62, an axial thrust is transmitted to both of the frame members I9 and II through the intermediary of the axial shift shaft 59, the collar 6I] and the frame spreading and closing shaft 46. Rotation of the shaft 59 will tend to rotate the collar 60, the latter being restrained from angularmovement by action of the yoke 60a and the shaft 5I. The co-action of the collar portion 60o and the axial shift shaft 59 will transmit through4 the collar portion 69h the axial thrust to said shaft 46 whereby the axial alignment of the web 23a is adjusted. Once the alignment of the paper web has been thus adjusted, it is possible to spread or close the frame members to accommodate rolls of differing sizeswithout further web alignment. This is `true because of the equal movement of the frame members with respect to a mid point therebetween as caused by the oppositely ,threaded portions of the shaft 46 which preferably are of equal pitch.

Assume that it is desired to exhaust the sixty inch roll and to change to atwenty-eight inch roll, namely, a roll having a web twenty-eight inches wide. A running change-over between 7 these rolls cannot be made because; of their difference in, width. Consequently, it wi-ll be necessary to permit the sixty inch roll to pay out completely and thereupon to substitute the new roll' after bringing the two frames together into thewproper spaced relationship. After the sixty inchfrollhas become exhausted, the core thereof isremoved and the frames I and Il are moved to the-position for accommodating a twenty-eight inch roll.Y The heads of the arbors are withdrawn, vthe new roll is brought, into alignment, and the arbors are inserted into the core, thereby providing closely adjacent the roll a firm support which will not permitl any bouncing of the paper rolle. Thereafter the new paper roll is partly unrolled for several feet or enough to run the web over the guide roll 24, through the slot |211, and intothe) bag fabricating machine. Thereafter the belt 25 is hung over the rollin order to maintain'proper tensionl upon the web as it pays out.

Assume now that we wish tofrenew the twentyeight inch roll. It is desirable practice to permit about three-quarters of the diameter of the outgoing roll to pay,` out while the roll is in the uppermost-positionas shown in Fig. 2. At this point the handle 36 atthe top ofk each frame is thrust downwardly thereby lifting the spring loaded detent` pins 33 and freeing the drums for angular movement. Thereafter crank 42- and shaft 43 are rotated at the; control station llil. The drums I6 and Il, throughV thev intermediary of the drum control' shaft-31? and gears 39' and, 4i), will be shiftedv synchronously angularlyv through 180. Thus; said roll isqmoved to the lowermost position, as shown inA Fig. 2. This angular moyement preferably is counterclockwise, for example; in order-'to aid in maintaining proper tension upon the web 23a. As the paper roll ismoved to the lower position, it engages the counterweightedf brake 3-just prior to which the weighted belt 25- should be lifted of of the roll. Reliance for proper tension upon the web 23a thereafter is placed in the brake 3B. The paper roll moves into its nal and. lower position when detents, 33 drop; into the next successive perforations 35 in the drums I6. and. il'.

This raises one pair of coaxial arbors and makes them accessible for the installation of the next rol-l. Said arbors are withdrawn, as above mentioned, andare inserted into the core of the new roll, and the latter is made ready for a running change-over.

The operator of the machine'by observing or feeling the now nearly exhausted roll, can determine when` to make the change-over. In order to make the oncoming web ofthe new roll adhere tothe outgoing oldgweb, glue is painted upon the outer surface of the web of the new roll near the leading edge thereof, and the new roll is given a` slight angular velocity. The leading edge of the new web is brought down into the so-called vortex formed by the expiring web and the guide roll 24'. The expiring web and the guide roll engage the leading edge of the new roll, pressing the glued portion thereof into the expiringV web. Simultaneous with the engagement of the leading edge of the new roll, the web of the expiring roll is cut manually by a suitable cutting tool.

The above-mentioned adjustments of the lateral position of the web can be made while the rolls are paying out, that is, the frame members can'be shifted axially in the same direction in carefully controlled minute increments while` the machine is inoperation.

AlthoughA only one embodiment of the present invention has been illustrated and described in detail, it is expressly understood that the invention is not limitedl thereto.v For example, instead of operatively interconnecting theY control Velements atV the control station with the shafts Si, 51 and F19- by mechanical means suitable electrical interconnections can be employed'.

Itwillbe understood by those skilled in the art that Various changesr and modifications may be made without departing from the spiritr and scope of the invention, and it is intended, therefore, in the appended claims to cover .all such changes and modifications.

What is claimed is:

l. In apparatus of the class described, the combination comprising a carriage member; a pair of main frames resting upon said carriage member; ay pair of angularly shiftable drums mounted respectively in said main frames; a main frame spreading and closing shaft in threaded engagement with at least one of said main frames; mechanism for rotating said spreading and closing shaft; a collar member engaging a peripheral groove in said spreading and closing shaft Whereby the latter is adapted for angular movement free of the former; means for restraining said collar member from angular movement; a threaded axial shift shaft in threaded engagement with a portion of said collar whereby an axial thrust is conveyable to said spreading and closing shaft in response to rotation of said axial shift shaft; means for transmitting a torque to said axial shift shaft; and mechanism for interconnecting said angularly shiftable drums for synchronous angular movement about their axes.

2`. In apparatus of the classdescribed, the combination comprising, a carriage member; a pair of frame members resting-upon said carriage member; Vframe spreading and closing means comprising a threaded shaft which is in threaded engagement with both of said frame members, such shaft having the direction of the threads thereof which engages one frame member opposite to the direction ofthe threads which engage the other frame member, and mechanism for rotating said spreading and closing shaft; mechanism for .axially shifting said frame members in the same direction simultaneously comprising a collar member havingY a portion thereof adapted to fit over one extremity of said frame spreading and closing shaft and for engaging a groove formed in ysaid shaft, said collar member having another portion having a threaded bore coaxial withl a longitudinal recess in said frame spread- Ving and closing shaft, means for restraining said collar member from angular movement, and a threaded shaft adapted for engaging the threaded bore of said collar member and for telescopically engaging the longitudinal recess of said spreading and closing shaft, mechanism for restraining said last-mentioned shaft from axial movement, and means for rotating the latter; a pair of angularly shiftable drums mounted respectively on said frame members; a rst pair of coaxial arbors mounted respectively on said drums, a second pair of coaxial arbors also mounted respectively on said drums; and mechanism for angularly shifting said drums synchronously whereby the arbors mounted thereupon are movable in synchronism and corresponding arbors upon opposite drums are held in coaxial alignment.

3. In apparatus of the class described, a carriage. member; a pair of frame members; Ia

frame spreading and closing shaft in threaded engagement with both of said members, said shaft being threaded in opposite directions upon opposite portions lengthwise thereof which engage said frame members; .a main Icontrol station; mechanism operatively connecting said spreading and closing shaft with said main control station through which the former can be rotated; a pair of arbors coaxially mounted respectively on said frame members, adapted for axial movement thereupon, said arbors protruding a relatively short distance from respective of said frame members and adapted for rotatably supporting a core member having axially extending recesses at opposite extremities thereof for receiving said arbors, whereby support for said core member can be brought closely adjacent the extremities thereof in response to adjustment of the relative positions of the frame members; andan axial shift shaft mounted for angular movement but restrained from axial movement, said axial shift shaft having threads formed thereupon; an axial shift collar having a threaded bore for engaging the threaded portion of said axial shift shaft and having another portion for engaging a groove formed adjacent one extremity of said spreading and rclosing shaft; mechanism for restraining said collar from angular movement; and means for operatively connecting said main control station with said axial shift shaft.

L1.1n apparatus of the class described, the combination comprising: a pair of frame members; a carriage member for supporting said frame members; a pair of angularly shiftable drums mounted respectively in said frame members; a pair of arbors mounted respectively in said drums and another pair of arbors also mounted respectively in said drums; a spreading and closing shaft having upon one portion of the length thereof threads in one direction for engaging one of said frame members and having upon another portion of the length thereof threads of the opposite direction for engaging the other of said frame members, whereby rotation of said shaft can shift said frame members toward or away from one another, said shaft having a recess extending longitudinally therein and having a mouth iat one extremity thereof; a collar member associated with said recessed extremity and having a portion adapted for engaging a circumferential groove in said shaft adjacent said extremity and having another portion with a threaded bore in axial alignment with said recess; means for restraining angular movement of said collar; an axial shift shaft adapted for threaded engagement with said collar bore and adapted for telescopically engaging the recess in said spreading and closing shaft; means for restraining said shift shaft from axial movement; means for rotating said last-named shaft; and mechanism for synchronously angularly shifting said drums comprising a drum control shaft, a pair of gears mounted upon and rotatable with said control shaft for association with respective of said frame members, said gears having peripheral grooves therein and being mounted for free axial movement upon said control shaft; means upon respective of said frame members for engaging respective of said peripheral grooves in said drum control gears; mechanism for operatively interconnecting said. lastnamed gears with respective of said drums whereby angular movement of said drum control shaft will synchronously angularly shift said drums; and mechanism for rotating said drum control shaft.

EDWIN E. BURROUGHS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the nie of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,855,503 White Apr. 26, 1932 2,095,019 Wood Oct. 5, 1937 2,195,141 Wood Mar. 26, 1940 2,405,637 Behrens Aug. 13, 1946

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