US2617096A - Tacker - Google Patents

Description

Nov. 11, 1952 F. s. BOROU-GHS TACKER 4 Sheets-Sheet 1 Filed Aug. 6, 1948 FIG.E

INVENTOR.

FRANK 5. BOROUGHS m m mi wmww 3 4 1 :LIt

@Mwy whwlm My ma 2 m FIGS Nov. 11, 1952 F. s. BOROUGHS 2,617,096

TACKER Filed Aug. 6, 1948 4 Sheets-Sheet 2 I um"nlmunmmlummmm 5 JP 2 a) 0/ 6.9..

INVENTOR,

FRANK & BOROUGHS Nov 11, 1952 F. s. BOROUGHS TACKER 4 Sheets-Sheet 3 Filed Aug. 6, 1948 INVEN TOR.

FRANK S. BOROUGHS A T TOR/V5 Y Nov. 11, 1952 F. s. BOROUGHS TACKER 4 Sheets-Sheet 4 Filed Aug. 6, 1948 INVENTOR.

MAN

NW hb mm NAQQQQ FRANK S. BOROUGHS ATTORNEY Patented Nov. 11, 1952 TACKER Frank S. Boroughs, New York, N. Y., assignor to Arrow Fastener, Inc., Brooklyn, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application August 6, 1948, Serial No. 42,760

This invention relates to hand actuable staple tackers. An object of this invention is to provide a device of the character described which shall have considerable power with relatively little movement of the handle, and which shall be comfortable to operate without tiring the hand.

Another object of this invention is to provide a device of the character described comprising a body, a staple magazine hinged at one end to the body and held in place on the body by a removable element and a front cover or nose likewise pivoted at one end to the body and held in place on the body by said element, whereby removal of said element will permit both the magazine and the nose to swing away from the body for cleaning or servicing the device.

Another object of this invention is to provide in a device of the character described, a staple pusher spring lock, means for retaining the staple pusher in place, said lock means being controlled by a handle, and the staple magazine being so arranged that when it is swung away from the body, it will automatically release the lock for the pusher.

Yet another object of this invention is to provide a device of the character described, a body, a handle pivoted to the body, a pawl pivoted to the handle, a trigger pivoted within the body and being connected to a spring pressed plunger, the arrangement being such that as the handle is pressed towards the body, the pawl on the handle will rotate the trigger to lift the plunger, and when the plunger is lifted a predetermined distance, the pawl will snap 01f the trigger to permit the plunger to be forced down for ejecting a staple, said trigger having means to prevent backing up of the plunger and'being further pro- .vided with means to shove the pawl off the trigger should the pawl stick for any reason.

ders on the trigger, and the trigger arms having engagement with two pairs of detents on the plunger whereby to provide for more balanced operation and longer wear.

A still further object of this invention is to provide in a device of the character described. a

' invention.

26 Claims. (Cl. 1-4-9) trigger having shoulders and a pawl pivoted to handle and having engagement with the trigger shoulders, the shape of the shoulders and the pawl being such as to release abruptly when the handle is depressed to a predetermined position.

A still further object of this invention is to provide a tacker of the character described comprising a casing having side walls recessed outlwardly to give clearance for the detents on the plunger plug and also to give clearance for the trigger arms, which engage between the detents.

Still another object of this invention is to provide a strong, rugged, durable and compact hand staple tacker of the character described, which shall be relatively inexpensive to manufacture, easy to assemble and manipulate and which shall yet be practical and eflicient to a high degree in use.

Other objects of this invention will in part be obvious and in-part hereinafter pointed out.

The invention accordingly consists in the features of construction, combinations of elements, and arrangement of parts, which will be exemplified in the construction hereinafter described, and of which the scope of invention will be indicated in the following claims:

In the accompanying drawings in which are shown various illustrative embodiments of this Fig. 1 is 'a side elevational view of a device embodying the invention;

Fig. 2 is a cross sectional view taken on line 2-2 of Fig. 3:

Fig. 3 is a vertical, longitudinal cross sectional view, taken through the middle of device shown in Fig. l. I

Fig. 4 is a cross sectional view, taken on line -i4 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 5 is a cross sectional view, taken on line 5--5 of Fig. 3;

Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig. 3 but showing the handle depressed and in a position just before the pawl snaps 01f the shoulders on the trigger;

Fig. '7 is a cross sectional view, taken on line 'l! of Fig. 6;

Fig. 8 is a partial vertical cross sectional view of the device and showing the staple pusher lock released and in retracted position;

Fig. 9 is a cross sectional view, taken on line 99 of Fig. 6.

Fig. 10 is a longitudinal vertical cross-sectional view of the stapler showing the front cover swung forwardly and the stapler magazine swung downwardly and with the staple pusher removed;

versely curved walls 2| having meeting edges 2Ia in a vertical longitudinal plane bisecting the body; The wall 2| extending from each side wall is formed with a forwardly and upwardly curved extension 22 and a rearwardly and downwardly curved extension 23. The upper ends of walls 22 extend to the upper edges 24 of the side walls 20.

Said casing H is formed with a horizontal longitudinal through hand Opening 25 (Fig. 6). The side walls 28 are interconnected by top and bottom walls 26 and 21 and end walls 28 and 29,

forming a top, bottom and ends. of the hand hold 25', said. end walls 28? and 29 are: semi-circular andinterconnectr. the ends of walls'ifii and 21-. The walls 26, 21, 28 and 29' are of: curved transverse.crossesection. Therside-walls Zdhave parallel loweredges' 31. disposed .in the same. horizontal plane. Saidcasing is open at the bottom. Itis also open at its frontiendand its upper end forwardly of wall 22.. The rear, lower edges of walls. E3tterminate. substantially in the horizontal plane oftthe-axes for the'curved end walls- 2% and 29. as indicated at 32;.and': hence the casing E! is: also open. at its rear'end,.below said edge 32.

The sidewalls 26 are formed attheir front endswithvertical forward edges 33 (Fig. 1) extending upwardly from theforward ends of the loweredges 31-. The edges 33 extend up to a level somewhat below the level of a horizontal plane. passing through. the axes. for the curved end walls28 and 29; Extending from the upper endsof edges 33- a short distance rearwardly therefrom, are horizontal edges 34. The said side walls 28 are'formed with outwardly recessed flat parallel U-shaped portions 35 above and rearwardlyof the edges 34. Said portions 35 have forward vertical edges 35 extending upwardly from the rear ends of edges 34. Said portions 35 have parallel upper and lower ends 31 and 38, respectively, and a rear curved portion 39 interconnecting said portions 31 and 38; The portions 3?, 38', and 39 interconnect the outwardly recessed areas or portions 35 with the main portions'of wall 20. Extending forwardly from the upper ends of the vertical'edges 36 of said portions 35, are edges 40, from the front ends of which extend upwardly vertical edges ii merging with the top horizontal edges 2 by means of curved edges 42.

Said side walls 28 are furthermoreformed adjacent the front edges 33 and above the lower edges 23 with aligned horizontal slotsdii disposed at a somewhat higher level than the inwardly grooved'portions 44E Said side walls 29 are furthermore' formed, just above the portions 3?, thereof and adjacent the edges 4i thereof with aligned horizontal slots 46, for the purpose hereinafter appearing. The slots 46 are in vertical alignment with the slots 45.

Said side walls 26 are furthermore formed, somewhat rearwardly of the walls 2'5, with aligned punched openings i8 (Fig. l), for the purpose hereinafter appearing. Said side walls 20 are also formed just below the edge 32 with notches 39. (Fig; 8), for the purposehe'reinafter appearing. Said side-walls 28 are: furthermore formed somewhat above the slots 46 with aligned round openings 50 (Fig. 6), for the purpose hereinafter appearing.

The portions 35 of walls 20 are furthermore formed with aligned openings 5! centered with respect to the curved portions 39. Said side walls are furthermore formed, somewhat above and rearwardly spaced with respect to. the slots 45, with alignedthrough openings s2 (Fig. 6), for the purpose hereinafter appearing. Said side walls are also formed, above the rear end of portions 35, with outwardly pressed portions 54 having horizontal upper edges 55. The upper edgesiEB are located somewhat below the centers of the openings 58-.

Below thenotches d9 (Fig. 8), the rear ends of said walls 26 have edges 56 which extend upwardly from the rear ends of the lower edges 3i. The edges 56 are somewhat inclined forwardly and upwardly at their upper ends as at 56a.

Mountedon andbetween the saidwalls 2% is a lower spacer: 6i) (Figs; 5 and-9) Said spacer. B0 ishorizon'tal: and comprises a plate having atits opposite edges, extensions 6! terminating short of: the front and rear. edges of the spacer. and pro ecting intothe slots 45,. thereby forming shoulders contacting the inner surfaces ofwalls 25- at opposite sides of said slots.- At the-front edge of spacer Ellis a longitudinalgroove 62, for the purposehereinafter appearing. Said.- spacer plate'tuis formed with-a central opening (53.

Mounted on and between said side walls 213 is an upper spacer 85- (Figs. 2 and 5) Said upper spacer is horizontal: and isprovided at the sides hereof with projectionsv 65 extending. into slots 26 thereby forming shoulders atthe endsof said slots engaging the inner surfaces of. the walls 2-8. Saidupper spacer. 85 is formed with a centralopening 6i and with a downward pro.- jecting annular flange 88 (Fig. 9). surrounding said opening.

Mounted on the front of the casing H. is a front cover. if) (Fig 10). Said front cover- 10 comprises a front wall H, from which there.ex.- tendside walls 12. The front wall H. iS.fOll'I1Bd with av vertical forwardly recessed portion 13 spaced from the sidewallslZ and spaced from the lower edge 14 of wall H. The side walls 12 have lower end edges l5.flush withtlie lower end edges 3i of the. side walls. 211'. Extending upwardly fromthe rear ends of the edges 15 are vertical edges is in alignment with the axes of the openings 52.v Extending from the edges 15 are. seniiecircular. edges. Ti concentric with the axes of the openings 52. Extending forwardly from the upper. ends. of the semi-circular edges H. are. horizontal edges 18. terminating. at. the

rear. ends. of the edges 34- of. the side walls220. Extending upwardly from the forward ends of edges i8 are vertical edges '19 terminating at the forward ends of portions 31 of the side walls 20. Extending rearwardly from the upper. ends. of the edges] 9' are. horizontal edge portions. 83 from which extend upwardly and rearwardly curved edge portions 8|. The edge 8! makes substantially three-quarters of a circle terminating at the'front wall 72. There are thereby formed ears 82 at the upper ends of the'said walls '12. The upper end of the: front wall H is inclined upwardly and rearwardly as at 83 at its upper end, extending to a point somewhat above the axes ofthe ears 82-. Said ears 82 are formed with through openings 82a registering with. theopenings 55in. the side walls 20. The side walls 12 of the front cover are also formed with. openings side walls 20.

registering with the openings 52 in the side walls 20.

Y Extending through openings 52 in the side walls and the openings in the side wall I2 registering therewith, is a removable screw 85 having a head at one end and a reduced threaded portion at the opposite end receiving a nut 85. The screw 85 may be removed to permit the front cover to be swung upwardly and forwardly as will appear hereinafter. Extending through the openings in the side wall 20 and the openings 82a in the ears 82 registering therewith, is a screw 81 having a head at one end and having reduced threaded portion at the opposite end receiving a nut 88.

' It will now be understood that the front cover I0 is entirely removable and that also when the screw 05 is removed, the front cover can swing forwardly and upwardly about the screw 81 to permit servicing of the tacker.

Mounted on top of the lower spacer (Fig. 9) is a soft compressible gasket or shock absorber -89 in the form of a disc made of rubber or rubber-like material, and the latter may be attached to the spacer by means of a rivet 89a passing through the hole or central opening 63'.

Between the lower ends of the said walls 20 of the casing is a staple magazine 90 (Fig. 10). Said magazine 90 comprises generally of a magazine frame BI and a magazine rail 92 (Fig. 7). The frame 9I comprises a bottom wall 93 from which extends upwardly side walls 94 fitting within the side walls 20 of the casing. The bottom wall 93 terminates as at 93a in an edge short of the for- .ward edges of the side walls 94. Extending inwardly from the upper ends of said side walls 94 are horizontally aligned flanges 95 projecting toward each other. Said flanges 95 terminate somewhat rearwardly of the front ends of the side walls 94, the latter being flush with the front end edges 33 of the side walls 20 of the casing, and forming with the front wall II of the front cover a slot 96 (Fig. 6) registering with the slot or groove 02 in the lower spacer B0 to receive a iplunger blade 91 to be described in detail hereinafter. Extending upwardly from the inner ends of the flanges 95 at points spaced rearwardly of the forward ends of said flanges are upwardly extending parallel vertical walls 98 formed at their upper ends with outwardly extending horizontal flanges 99 (Fig. '7) from the outer ends of which extend upwardly vertical walls I00. The upper edges of the walls I00 are -substantially at the level of portions 38 of the Extending inwardly from the for- -ward ends of walls I00 are vertical flanges IOI '(Fig. 6),'which project toward eachother and are located in a plane perpendicular to the side :walls 20 and spaced rearward-1y from the front walls of the front cover I0.

The walls I00 are formed with aligned openings registering with the openings 52 and through which the screw 85 passes. It will be noted that the forward ends of the side walls 94 of the magazine frame extend downwardly to the level of the undersurface of the bottom wall 93 forwardly of the forward edge 93a of said bottom wall, said side walls being notched at their lower edges just forwardly of said edge 93a.

Extending upwardly from the rear ends of the flanges 95 (Figs. 10 and 11) are vertical walls I02 from which extend outwardly horizontal shoulders I03 and extending from the outer ends of the shoulders I03 are upwardly extending ears I04 formed with aligned openings registering of the spring I25 contacts the pusher H3.

6 with the opengs 48 in the side walls 20. Extending through said openings 48 and through the openings in the ears I04 registering therewith is a horizontal pivot I05. -It will now be understood that when the screw is removed, not only can the front cover be swung forwardly and upwardly, but the staple magazine may be swung downwardly and rearwardly, to permit servicing of the tacker.

The magazine rail 92 (Fig. 7) comprises a horizontal top wall I05 from which extend downwardly side walls I07. The walls I06 are spaced below the flanges 95, and the walls I0I are spaced inwardly of the side walls 94, providing space for the staples I08 which slide on the rail 92 and between said rail and the frame 9|. Punched from'the top wall I 05 are downwardly pressed tongues I09 (Fig. 6) welded to the bottom wall 03 as at H0. The forward end of the top wall I 06 is flush with the forward ends of the top flanges so as to permit the plunger blade 91 to press the foremost staple I00 downwardly.

Mounted on the rail 92 is a staple pusher II2 of usual construction and including a member II3 slidable on said rail and having upwardly extending apertured ears H4 through which passes a pusher rod I I5. The forward end of rod H5 is upset or enlarged in the usual manner so that the pusher will not come off said forward end. Fixed to the rear end of the rod II 5 is a member IIS having a rear wall III disposed between the rear ends of the side walls 20. The wall H1 is flush with the rear edges 56. The rear end of the rod I I5 is riveted thereto.

Extending from the sides of rear wall II! are side walls II 0 whichfit between the side walls 20 and include upwardly extending apertured ears IIO carrying a transverse pivot pin I20. Pivoted to the pivot pin I20 is a pusher lock I2I. Said pusher lock I2I comprises a rear wall I22 located between the upper end of wall I" and the lower edge 32 of easing wall 23'.

Extending from the sides of wall I22 are parallel wings I23 which fit into the notches 49. Extending from the sides of rear wall I22 are parallel walls I24 formed with openings through which pivot pin I20 passes. At the forward ends of the side walls I24 are hooks I 25 adapted to snap into engagement with pivot I05-when1 the mem:

ber H0 is pushed forwardly to locking position. On the bar H5 is a coil compression spring I26 contacting at its rear end an extension I21 at thelower end of rear wall I22. The forward end The extension I21 straddles the rod H5 and is notched for such purpose.- The spring I26 thus has two functions: it serves to push the pusher member II3 forwardly for advancing the. staple strip; and it also serves to rotate the lock member I2I in a counterclockwise direction toengage hooks I25 with the pivot pin I05 for locking the pusher in place.

In order to remove the pusher, the wings I23 are engaged by the fingers of the operator and member I2I is rotated in a clockwise direction thereby releasing the hooks I25 from the pivot pin I05 and permitting the entire pusher assembly to be slidably moved rearwardly so that a new staple strip may be slipped onto the rail 92. It will now be further understood that should the screw 85 be removed and the staple magazine swung downwardly and rearwardly, the rear end of the staple magazine will move upwardly. This upward movement causes wings I23 to slide upwardly in the lateral notches 49, at the same Z timeurgingpusherlock: I21; in a clockwise: direction about its. pivot pin, I thusraising hooks I from locking; engagement with thestaple magazinepivot pin- I05. Upon release of pusher lock I'2I, the entire assembly, comprising members. H6 and I2 I, is urged outwardly to the right by the action of the pusher compression spring I25,.thus clearing the way for the continued further upward movement of the rear end of. the staple magazine frame 9|, as the magazine completes its downward and rearward swinging movement about itspivot pin I05.

Slidably mounted within the casing Ii and between the side wallsthereof', adjacent the front cover10', is a plunger I30. The plunger I compri'scsaframe I31" which maybe made of a single piece of metal. Said frame I3I comprises a-bottom wall I132 which may be convex upwardly. Extending from the bottom wall I32 isv a vertical front. wall I33, a vertical rear wall I34 parallel to the front wall, and vertical side walls I35 parallel to one another and forming a chamber to receive. the lower end-of a coil compression spring I36 interposed between the bottom wall I32 and the; upper step on spacer member-45. The annular'flange 58. of the upper spacer centers the upper end of the spring I35. The coil compression spring: I38 tends to depress the plunger frame I3I; The plunger blade or driver 91 is'riveted to the front wallv I33" as' at I31 and projects downwardly therefrom contacting the inner surface of the front wall 'iI and passing through groove Stand groove 82 inthe lower spacer, for driving the foremost. staple in the staple strip. Theforwardly recessed portion 13 of the front cover. 1| provides the space necessary for the head of the rivet I31. As the plunger descends, the rear Wall I34 will be engaged by the vertical flanges I OI of walls. I55 of the staple magazine which serve as' a guide for the plunger. As will be seen hereinafter, the plunger descends under the impact of a released previously compressed spring I36, and the lower wall I32 of the plunger frame will contact the shock absorber 89' which serves to absorbtheshock of the blow.

'I'hefront Wall I33 of plunger I39 (Figs. 3 and 6). may be formed with a pair of forwardly pressed prongs I40 punched from said front wall, to engage the front wall 1! of the cover for guiding the plunger'as it moves up and down.

The rear wall I34 may be formed with a through opening I44 aligned with a rivet opening in the front wall I33 to facilitate application of the rivet I31 whichrivets the plunger blade or driver 91 to said front wall.

It Will be noted that the front wall I33 extends abovethe upper ends of the side and rear walls I35 and I34 and the extended portion of said front wall 233 is formed with a boss I45 contactingfthe inner. surface of the front wall 1 I.

The side walls I35 of the plunger frame I 3I are each formed with a pair of symmetrical outwardly pressed. or punched detents or lugs I and I51 having inner inclined edges. The inner inclined edge of the upper detent I is inclined upwardly and rearwardly to an angle of about 15 to' the horizontal, whereas the inner edge of the. lower detent E5l is inclined downwardly and rearwardly to. an angle of about 15 to the horizontal. The purpose of these detents or lugs will be described-hereinafter.

Extending through the openings 5I in the portions 35 of the side walls 20 is ahorizontaltransverse pivot I53. Pivoted thereto is a trigger I54. Said trigger I54 comprises abottom web or. wall I55. Extending forwardly and. upwardly; from the forward end of web I55 is a curved tongue I56 adapted to contact the rear surfaceof rear wall I3 3. Extending upwardly from the rearend of web I55 is astraight wall or tongue I51 disposed at right angles to the wall I55 for the purpose hereinafter appearing. Extending upwardly from the sides of the web- I55 are parallel side walls or arms I58 having aligned openings registering with the openings 5I and through which the pivot I5:3= passes. The curvedtongue: I56 is concentric with the axis of the rivet I53so that as the trigger I54 is rotated, the curved tongue I56 will remain in contact with wall I34 of'the plunger. The arms I58 straddle the plunger frame and contact the outer surfacesof the :side walls I35. At the forwardendsofsaidarms. I58 are heads I59 each shaped like a geartooth and engaging-between. the inner edges of the; detents or lugs I59, I5I. Thus as the, trigger I54: isrotated in a clockwise'direction in the manner hereinafter appearing, the heads I59 engaging the detents I55 will raise the plunger.- At a. predetermined point. in the lifting movement'or operation of the plunger, the trigger is-released, in a manner to be described hereinafter, and the compressed spring I35-will cause the plunger. to descend with force, to drive a staple lllll'for a tacking operation. At the rear. ends of arms I58 and projecting beyond the wall or tongue I51: are curved lugs or shoulders I66, for the: purpose hereinafter appearing.

(3n the screw 31 is a spacer bushing 81a- Piv oted on screw 81 is ahandle I6I. Said handle comprises a top wall I52 the rear. end of which is curved downwardly as at I63. At the forward end of the top wall IE2 is a downwardly and forwardly inclined wall I54 having a front edge I65, adapted to contact the upper edge I56 of the upper end portion 83 of the front wall 11 of the cover when the handle is not pressed towards the casing II. Extending from the topwall portions I62, I53 are parallel side walls or flanges I56. The handle is open at the bottom and at its forward end IE5. At the forward end of the handle are side wall portions I61 pressedoutwardly and straddling the ears 82 of the front cover. At the forward ends of the side walls I61 are substantially semi-circular portions I58 formed with central openings registering with the openings 55 and with the openings 82a in the ears 82 and through which the screw 81'passes.

The bushing 810: (Fig. 9) passes through the 0penings'50 in the side walls 20 and serves as a spacer for the ears 82. The ends of the bushing contact the inner surfaces of said ears 82' of the front cover 19. The-side wallsv I66 andside wall portions I61 have lower edges I10, adapted to contact the upper edges 55 of 'the lugs 54 of the side walls 29, when the handle isdepressed, to limit swinging movement of the handle in clockwise direction, that is, from the full line to the dot-dash line position of Fig. 1. When-the edges I15 contact the lugs 54 said edges I10-will be substantially in a horizontal position, As the handle is depressed, edge I65 will move away from edge I56 as shown in Fig. 6 of the drawings.

Disposed about the bushing 81a is a handlev return torsion spring I12; One end I13of the spring contacts the underside of the top wall portion IE4 of the handle, whereas another end I14 of the spring contacts the rear edge of the upper spacer 55. The torsion spring I12 tends to lift the hand1e and said spring is tensioned when the handle is depressed.

Fixed to the underside of wall I62 of the handle is a pawl bracket I76. Said pawl bracket has top aligned top wall portions Ill and I18 contacting the underside of said wall lt2. interconnecting said Wall portions Ill and I78 are side wall portions IlS disposed within and spaced from the side walls I55. I'he walls I19 are formed with aligned openings 89 receiving a transverse horizontal pivot I81 spaced below the wall I82. Wall I'II may be riveted to the wall I52 by means of a rivet ISI. The said walls IIllmay be formed with slots I82 to straddle the walls 22 of the casing Ii when the handle is depressed. Pivoted to the rivet IN is the pawl member I85. Said pawl member I85 comp-rises a top wall from which extend downwardly parallel pawls I87. Said pawls I87 are formed, somewhat below the top wall I85, with openings registering with the openings I80 and through which the pivot pin I8I passes. The pawl member is thus pivoted on the pivot pin I8I and may move relative to the handle ISI. Thetop wall I86 of the pawl member is located between the top wall portions Ill and H8 of the pawl bracket I76. On the pivot pin IBI is a coil torsion spring I88 which tends to rotate the pawl I85 in a clockwise direction relative to the handle, looking at Fig. 3 of the drawings. The torsion spring I88 has one end i983 which contacts the underside of the top wall I86 of said pawl I85. The other end I9I of the torsion Spring contacts the underside of the top wall Ill of the pawl bracket. The lower ends of the pawls i8? engage the curved shoulder extensions or lugs I60 of the trigger.

When the handle is depressed from the position shown in Fig. 3 to the position shown in Fig. 6, the trigger is rotated in a clockwise direction raising the plunger and loading the spring I36. At the same time the pawl member I85 will be turned in a counterclockwise direction relative to the handle. When the plunger is fully raised to a predetermined position, the lower ends of the pawl will snap oif the shoulders or lugs I68, permitting the loaded spring I36 to depress the plunger and drive a staple.

When the handle is released and swings up- Wardly in a counterclockwise direction relative to the casing, the pawl member I85 under the influence of the torsion spring I88 will be moved back to normal position so that the pawls I87 again engage shoulders I60. Should the pawl fail to snap off the lugs I60 when the plunger is fully raised to a predetermined position,-the upper end of wall ortongue I51 will pushthe pawls oif said lugs at the proper point in the rotation of the trigger, thus serving as a safety factor to insure release of the plunger at the proper point.

It will thus be seen that there is provided a device in which the several objects of thisinvention are achieved and which is well adapted to meet theconditions of practical use.

As various possible embodiments might be made, of the above invention, and asvarious changes might be made in the embodiment above set forth, it is to be understood that all matter herein set forth or shown inthe'acco'mpanying drawings is to be interpreted as illustrative and not in a limiting sense.'

Having thus described my invention I claim as new and. desire'to protect by Letters Patent of the United States; I

1, In astaple taoker, a body, a handle pivoted to the body, a, staple magazine within the body,, a plunger slidably mountedwithin thebody, a

driver blade fixed to the plunger slidable there-- with and adapted to drive staples from the staple magazine when the plunger descends, a trigger pivoted mediately the ends thereof to the body on a pivot disposed below the handle, means on the front end of the trigger engaging the plunger for lifting the latter, spring means to press the plunger downwardly, a pawl movable with the handle disposed rearwardly of the pivotal connection between the handle and the body and projecting downwardly therefrom, the lower end of the pawl releasably engaging the rear end of the trigger, whereby when the handle is pressed downwardly toward the body the pawl will rotate the trigger about its pivotal axis to raise the plunger, said trigger being swingable to an angle where the pawl slides rearwardly off the rear end of the trigger and disengages itself from the trigger to release the latter during said downward movement of the handle toward the body, and means on the trigger to push the pawl off the trigger should the pawl fail to slide off the trigger.

2. In a staple tacker, a body, a handle pivoted to the body, a staple magazine within the bottom of the body, a plunger slidably mounted within the front end of the body, a driver blade fixed to the plunger, slidable therewith and adapted to drive staples from the staple magazine when the plunger descends, a trigger pivoted mediately the ends thereof to the body on a pivot disposed below the handle, means on the front end of the trigger for raising the plunger, spring means to press the plunger downwardly, a pawl movable with the handle and projecting downwardly therefrom, the lower end of the pawl releasably engaging the rear end of the trigger for pivotally moving the trigger about its axis to raise the plunger when the handle is rotated toward the body, and means on the trigger to push the pawl oiT the rear end of the trigger when the trigger reaches a predetermined angle as it is swung about its axis.

trigger pivote'dto the body and having means for.

3. A hand staple tacker comprising a body, a handle pivoted to the body, a-staple magazine within said body, a plunger slidably mountedwithin said body, a driver blade fixed to the plunger and adapted to drive staples from the staple magazine when the plunger descends, a

trigger pivoted to the body and having means forraising the plunger, spring means to cause the plunger to descend when the trigger is released, means including a pawl carried by the handle and releasably engaging the trigger for pivotally moving the trigger to raise the plunger when the handle is rotated about its pivot toward said body, said trigger having a curved projection engageable by the pawl, said pawl being adapted to slid off said projection when said trigger reaches a predetermined angular position to release said trigger, spring means for urging the pawl into engagement with said trigger, and means on the trigger to move said pawl off said projection when said trigger is rotated to a predetermined angular position, said plunger comprising a member having forwardly converging detents, and said trigger having a head engageable between said detents.

4. A hand staple tacker comprising a body, a handle pivoted to the body, a staple magazine within said body, a plunger slidably mounted within said body, a driver blade fixed to the plunger and adapted to drivestaples from the staple magazine when the plunger descends, a

raising the plunger, spring means to cause the plunger to descend when "the trigger is released, means including a pawl carried by the handle and 'releasably engaging the trigger for pivotally moving the trigger to raise the plunger when the handle is rotated about its fpivot toward said body, said trigger having a curved projection engageable by the pawl, said projection being so curved that said pawl will slide off said projection when said trigger reaches a predetermined angular position to release said trigger, spring means for urging the pawl into engagement with said trigger, mean on the trigger to move said pawl off said projection when said trigger is rotated to a predetermined angular position, said plunger comprising a member having detents, said trigger having a head engageable between said detents, said trigger being inclined downwardly and toward the plunger when the handle is in normal position before it ispressed towards said body, and said trigger being inclined upwardly and toward the plunger when the handle is pressed toward the body to the point where the pawl slides off the projection on the trigger.

5. A hand stapler comprising a body having side walls, and being open at the bottom and at its front end, a front coverpivoted adjacent its upper end to the body and covering the front open end of the body, a staple magazine within the lower open end of th body and extending longitudinally of the lower end of the body, means to pivot the staple magazine adjacent its rear end to the body, and removable means to interpivot the front cover belowits upper pivoted end, and the staple magazine forwardly of its rear pivoted end, to the body, whereby upon removal of said interpivot means, said front cover may swing forwardly and upwardly about its upper pivot, and said staple magazine may swing downwardly and rearwardly about its rear pivot.

6. A'hand stapler comprising a body having side walls, and being open at the bottom 'and'at its front end, a front cover pivoted adjacent its upper end to the body and covering the front open end of the body, a staple magazine within the lower open end of the body and extending longitudinally of the lower end of the body, means to pivot the staple magazine adjacent its rear end to the body, and removable means to interpivot the front cover below its upper pivoted end, and the staple magazine forwardly of its rear pivoted end, to the body, whereby upon removal of said interpivot means, said front cover may swing forwardly and upwardly about its uppe'r'pivot, and said staple magazine may swing downwardly and rearwardly about its rear pivot, a staple pusher for said staple magazine including -'a rod, a member adapted to press a staple strip on the staple magazine toward the-discharge end of th magazine, a spring on said rod'for urging the staple strip-press means toward-said discharge end, a member fixed to the rearend-of said rod, a hook pivoted to said member, said springengaging said hook to pivotally move the hook in one direction and urg said hook into engagement with the means for pivoting the rear end of said staple magazine to said body, and a handle on said hook to pivotally move the hook in an opposite direction and disengage the hook from said means which pivots the rear end of said staple magazine to said body.

7. A hand staple taoker comprising a hollow body having side walls, said body being open at its lower'end and at its forward end, a lower stop member interconnecting said side walls adjacent the forward end of the body, a top stop member interconnecting said side wallsand spaced above the bottom stop, a plunger slidably mounted within the body and between said bottom stop and top stop, a spring interposed between th plunger and the top stop, a driver blade attached to said plunger and projecting downwardly therefrom, a front cover at the front of said body, means to raise the plungerto compress th spring and to reelase the raised plunger so that the compressed spring will cause the plunger to descend, and a shock absorber on said bottom stop and adapted to be contacted by the plunger when the plunger descends, said plunger comprising a bottom wall, front and rear walls extending upwardly from said bottom wall, and side walls extending up: wardly from said bottom wall, a trigger pivoted to said body and having arms straddling the sides of said plunger, the side walls on said plunger each being formed with a pair of outwardly pressed projections, said arms having heads received between-said projections.

8. A hand staple tacker comprising a hollow body having side Wallsfsaid body being open at its lower end and atits forward end, a lower stop member interconnecting said side Walls adjacent the forward end of the body, a top stop member interconnecting said side walls and spaced above the bottom stop. a plunger slidably mounted within the body and between said bottom stop and top stop, a spring interposed between the plunger and the top stop, a driver blade attached to said plunger and projecting downwardly therefrom, a front cover at the front of said body, means to raise the plunger to compress the spring and to release the raised plunger so that the compressed spring will cause the plunger to descend and a shock absorber on said bottom stop and adapted to becontacted by the plungerwhen the plunger descends, said plunger comprising a bottom wall, front and rear walls extending upwardly from said bottom wall, and side walls extending upwardly from said bottomwall, a trigger pivoted to said body and having arms straddling the sides of said plunger, the side walls on said plunger each being formed with a pair of outwardly pressed projections, said arms having heads received between said projections, said projections on each side wall converging forwardly and said heads having edges converging forwardly.

9. A hand staple tacker comprising a hollow body having side walls, said body being open at its lower endand at its forward end, a lower stop member interconnecting said side walls adjacent the forward end of'the' body, a top stop member interconnecting said side walls and spaced above the bottom stop, a plunger slidably mountedwithin the body and between said bottom stop and top stop, a spring interposed between the plunger and the'top stop, a I driver blade attached 'tosaid plunger and projecting downwardly therefrom, a front cover-at 'thefront of said body, means to raise the plunger to compress the spring and to release the raised plunger so that the compressed spring will cause the plunger to descend, ashock absorber on said bottom stop and adapted to be contacted by the plungerwhen the plunger descends, said plunger comprising a bottom wall, front and rear walls extending upwardly from said bottom wall, and side walls extending upwardly from said'bottoxn wall, a trigger pivoted to 'saidbody and having arms straddling the sides of said plunger, the side walls on said plunger each "being formed with "a pair of outwardly pressed projections, said arms having heads received between said projections, said projections on each side wall converging forwardly and said heads having edges converging forwardly, said trigger having a forwardly and upwardly curved wall adapted to contact the rear of said back wall of said plunger, as said trigger is rotated.

- 10.A staple tacker comprising a body having a pair of side walls, a front wall at the front ends of said side walls, a pivot pin interconnectin said walls, a plunger slidably mounted for up and down movement between said side walls forwardly of said pivot pin and adjacent the front wall, said plunger comprising a bottom wall,- parallel front and rear walls extending upward- 1y from the bottom wall, and parallel side walls extending upwardly from said bottom wall, said side walls of said plunger each having a pair of outwardly pressed forwardly converging projec- I a pair of parallel downwardly projecting pawls,

said side arms having projecting curved lugs engaged by the lower ends of said pawls.

11. A staple tacker comprising a body having a pair of side walls, a front wall at the front ends of said side walls, a pivot pin interconnecting said walls, a plunger slidably mounted for up and down movement between said side walls forwardly of said pivot pin and adjacent the front wall, said plunger comprising a bottom wall, parallel front and rear walls extending upwardly from the bottom wall, and parallel side walls extending upwardly from said bottom wall, said side walls of said plunger each having a pair of outwardly pressed forwardly converging projections, a plunger blade fixed to the front wall of the plunger and projecting downwardly therefrom, a trigger pivoted to said pivot pin, and comprising a bottom wall and a pair of parallel side arms extending upwardly from the bottom wall, heads at the forward ends of said side arms received between the pairs of projections on said side walls, a handle pivoted to said body, pawl means movable with the handle and comprising a pair of parallel downwardly projecting pawls, said side arms having projecting curved lugs engaged by the'lower ends of said pawls, a forwardly and upwardly extending curved wall extending from the bottom wall of said trigger, and adapted to contact said rear wall of said plunger as said plunger moves up and down.

' 12; A staple tacker comprising a body having a pair of side walls, a front wall at the front ends of said side walls, a pivot pin interconnect ing said walls, a plunger slidably mounted for up and down movement between said side walls forwardly of said pivot pin and adjacent the front wall, said plunger comprising a bottom wall, parallel front and rear walls extending upwardly from the bottom wall, and parallel side walls extending upwardly from said bottom wall, said sidewalls of said plunger each having a pair of outwardly pressed forwardly converging projections, a plunger blade fixed to the front wall of the plunger and projecting downwardly therefrom, a trigger pivoted to said pivot pin, and

comprising a bottom wall and a pair of parallel side arms extending upwardly from the bottom wall, heads at the forward ends of said side arms received between the pairs of projections on said side walls, a handle pivoted to said body, pawl means movable with the handle and comprising a pair of parallel downwardly projecting pawls, said side arms having projecting curved lugs engaged by the lower ends of said pawls, a forwardly and upwardly extending curved wall extending from the bottom wall of said trigger, and adapted to contact said rear wall of said plunger as said plunger moves up and down, and a wall extending upwardly from the rear end of the bottom wall of said trigger and between the side wall thereof, and adapted to push the pawls oif the extending lugs of the trigger at a predetere mined angular position in the rotation of said trigger.

13. A staple tacker comprising a body having a pair of side walls, a front wall at the front ends of said side walls, a pivot pin interconnecting said walls, a plunger slidably mounted for up and down movement between said side walls forwardly of said pivot pin and adjacent the front wall, said plunger comprising a bottom wall, parallel front and rear walls extending upwardly from the bottom wall, and parallel side walls extending upwardly from said bottom wall, said side wall of said plunger each having a pair of outwardly pressed forwardly convergin projections, a plunger blade fixed to the front wall of the plunger and projecting downwardly therefrom, a trigger pivoted to said pivot pin, and comprising a bottom wall and a pair of parallel side arms extending upwardly from the bottom wall, heads at the forward ends of said'side arms received between the pairs of projections on said side walls, a handle pivoted to said body, pawl means movable with the handle and comprising a pair of parallel downwardly projecting pawls, said side arms having projecting curved lugs engaged by the lower ends of said pawls, a forwardly and upwardly extending curved wall extending from the bottom wall of said trigger, and adapted to contact said rear wall of said plunger as said plunger moves up and down, a wall extending upwardly from the rear end of the bottom wall of said trigger and between the side walls thereof, and adapted to push the pawls off the extending lugs of the trigger at a predetermined angular position in the rotation of said trigger, a staple-magazine within the bottom of the body, including a fixed guide wall contacting the rear wall of said plunger to guide the same in its up and down movement.

14. A staple tacker comprising a body having a pair of side walls, a front wall at the front ends of said walls, a pivot pin interconnecting said walls, a plunger slidably mounted for up and down movement between said side walls forwardly of said pivot pin and adjacent the front wall, said plunger comprisin a bottom wall, parallel front and rear walls extending upwardly from the bottom wall, and parallel side walls extending upwarly from said bottom wall, said side walls of said plunger each having a pair of outwardly pressed forwardly converging projections, a plunger blade fixed to the front walls of the plunger and projectin downwardly therefrom, a trigger'pivoted to said pivot pin, and comprising a bottom wall and a pair of parallel sidearms extending upwardly from the bottom wall, heads at the forward ends of said arms received between the pairs of projections on said side walls, a

51.5 handle mivotedxto said body, ,pawl'zmeans movable with ithezhanclle; and comprising ;a pair of parallel downwardlyproiectingipawls;saidisidezarms having zprojecting curved lugs engaged :by :the lower ends of said ipawls,ca,forwardlyi and upwardlyextending :curved wall extending from :the :bottom walhof :said trigger, and adapted to contact said rear wall :of .said rplungereas said plunger moves up rand down, :and a .wall extending upwardly from the :rear :end .of :the bottom wall of said trigger :and between the side walls :thereof, and adapted itmpush the pawls on .thexextending lugs of the trigger at. a predeterminedz-angular :position in the'rotationof said-triggery-a'staplemesazine within the bottom of the ;-body, '.includin -a fixed-guide wall contacting :the rearwall of said plunger to :guide the same :in its up and down movement, a bottom stopbetween the side walls of the body and supported thereby and disposed below 'thejplungen'a top stop mounted on and between the side walls of said body and above said plunger, and a spring, the lower end of which is received within said plungerand-contacting the bottomend of saidplunger and the .upperend-of said spring-engaging the under- 'sideof said top stop.

15. A hand staple tacker-comprising a hollow body'open at its'lower'and front-ends, and open atthe top adjacentthe forward end of the body, a-handle pivoted at its forward end to the body one ,pivot pin interconnecting the side walls of the body, a frontcover member pivoted to the body about saidvpivot pin'and adapted to cover the front of the body, removable means to .connect-the lower end of the front cover to said body whereby upon removal .of said removable means, said'front cover maybe swun upwardly and forwardly about its upper pivot, aplunger slidably mounted for 'up anddown movement within said 'body'adjacent the front cover,-trigger means to'raise said plunger, spring means to lower said plunger, pawl means movablewith the handle and-adapted to rotate said trigger means for raising said plunger, and a staplemagazine at the bottom end of the body and closing said bottom'end.

l6. Ahand staple tacker .comprisinga hnllow bodyiopenat its lowerand front ends, and open at the top adjacent the forward end of the body, a handle pivoted at its forward end to the body on a pivotpin interconnecting the side walls of the body, a front cover member pivoted to the body about said pivot pin and adapted to :cover the front'of the body, removable means to connect the lower end of: the front cover tosaid body whereby upon removal of said removable-means, said front cover may be swung upwardly :and forwardly about its upperpivot, a plunger slidably mounted for'up and down movement within said body adjacent the front cover, trigger'means to raise said plunger, spring. means to lower said plunger, pawl "means movable with the handle and adapted to rotate said trigger means for raising .said plunger, a staple magazine at the bottom'end of the body and closingsaid bottom end, springmeans on said pivot pin'forswinging the handle away from the body,"and spring means for rotating said pawl means into engagement withsaid trigger means.

17. Ahand staple tackercomprising a hollow bodyopen at its lower and front ends,-and open at the top'adjacent the forward end of the body, a handle pivoted at its forward end to the body on a pivot pin interconnectingthe sidewalls of-the body, a front cover member attached to the body by:said;pivot pin and adapted to cover the front of ithabodyrmeans to: connect thelowerendof the front \cover to said body, a plunger slidably mounted for up anddown-movement within'said bodyradjacent the front cover, trigger means .to raise=said plunger, spring means to lower said piungenpawl means movable with thehandlerand adapted to rotate said trigger means for raising said said plunger, :a staple magazine at the bottom-end ofthe bodyand closing said bottom'end, spring-means ,on said pivot-pin for swinging the handle-away from the body, spring -means for rotating'said pawl meansinto engagement with said trigger means, and means on the trigger .to guide therplunger. in its up and down movement.

18. ,Aihand staple -.tacker-comprising a body, a handlepivcted to the body, ,a-staple magazine within said body, a plunger slidably mounted within said :body, a -.driver 'blade fixed to ,the plunger and adapted :to drive staples from the staple magazine when -,the plunger descends, .a trigger pivoted to the bodyand having means for raisingmheplunger, spring 1means adapted to be compressed uponraisingthe plunger. and adapted tocause. the plunger to descend when the trigger isreleasedpawlmeans movable with the-handle and releasably engaging the'trigger for pivotally moving the triggertoraisethe plunger when-the handle is rotated about its pivot toward said body, and means on said trigger to disengage said pawl means from said triggertat a, predetermined angular position of said trigger.

19. Ahand staple tackertcomprisinga'body, a handle pivoted to the 'body,-a staple magazine within said body, a plunger slidably mounted within said body, a driver blade fixed to the plunger and adapted-to drive staples from .the staple magazine when the plunger descends, a trigger pivoted to the body and having means for-raising theplungen-spring means adapted to be compressed upon raising the plunger and adapted to cause the plunger todescend when the .trigger is released, pawl ,means .movable with the :handle .and releasably engaging the trigger for pivotally moving the trigger toraise-the plunger when the handle ,is rotated about .its pivottoward saidbody, andmeans on said trigger toguide said plungerfonup and. down movement as said triggerrotates.

r20. A hand staple tacker comprising abody, a handle @pivoted to the body, a .staple magazine within said body, -a ,plunger slidably mounted within said .body, a driver blade fixed to the plunger .andadapted to drive staples from the staple magazine when the plunger descends, a trigger pivoted to the body andhaving means for raising the'plunger, spring means adapted tobe compressed upon raising the plunger andadapted to pause theplunger todescend when the trigger is released, and pawl means movable with the handle and-releasablyengaging the trigger for pivotally moving the .triggerto raise the plunger when the handle is'rotated about its pivot toward said body, said trigger having forwardly converging projections andsaid plungerhaving means at itsforward end disposed between said projections for connecting thetrigger to theplunger.

.21. Ahandstaple tacker comprising a body, ..a staple magazine within saidbodina plunger slidable within .said' bod-y,. a driverblade .fixed to .the plunger and. adapted. to drivestaples through the staplemagazine when the plunger descends, staple pushingmechanism on the magazine comprising a. staple pusher, .a. rod extending longitudinally ofthe magazine an'dslidably engaging the pusher,

a member fixed to the rear end of the rod and carrying a pivot pin, a hook pivoted to the pivot pin, fixed means on the body engageable by said hook, and a spring on the rod interposed between the pusher and the hook for pressing the pusher forwardly against a staple strip on the magazine and to retain the hook in engagement with said fixed means.

22. A hand staple tacker comprising a body, a staple magazine within the body, means to drive staples from the magazine, a staple pusher mechanism on the magazine and comprising a pusher slidable within the magazine, a rod slidably engaging said pusher, a hook pivotally connected to the rod, fixed means on the body engageable by the hook, and a single spring means on said rod to press the pusher forwardly towards the discharge end of the magazine and to retain the hook in engagement with said fixed means on said body.

23. A stapling device comprising a body having an open bottom, a transverse pin fixed within said body above the open bottom and adjacent the rear end of the body, a staple magazine disposed within the body at the open bottom and being pivoted to said transverse pin and being swingable downwardly and rearwardly about said pin, detachable means for attaching the front end of the staple magazine to the body to locate the magazine at the bottom of the body, a staple guide fixed within said magazine, pusher mechanism comprising a pusher slidable on said staple guide, a pusher rod on which said pusher is slidably mounted and disposed longitudinally of the guide, a bracket fixed to the rear end of the pusher rod and having a rear downwardly extending wall and a pair of parallel upstanding ears carrying a transverse pivot pin, a hook member pivoted to the transverse pin on said bracket and having a hook portion engageable with the transverse pivot pin on said body.

24. A stapling device comprising a body having an open bottom, a transverse pin fixed Within said body above the open bottom and adjacent the rear end of the body, a staple magazine disposed within the body at the open bottom and being pivoted to said transverse pin and being swingable downwardly and rearwardly about said pin, detachable means for attaching the front end of the staple magazine to the body to locate the magazine at the bottom of the body, a staple guide fixed within said magazine, pusher mechanism comprising a pusher slidable on said staple guide, a pusher rod on which said pusher is slidably mounted and disposed longitudinally of the guide, a bracket fixed to the rear end of the pusher rod and having a rear downwardly extending wall and a pair of parallel upstanding ears carrying a transverse pivot pin, a hook member pivoted to the transverse pin on said bracket and having a hook portion engageable with the transverse pivot pin on said body, said hook member having a rear wall provided with a downward extension contacting the inner side of the rear wall of said bracket, and a coil compression sprin on said rod and interposed between said pusher and said downward extension.

25. A stapling device comprising a body having an open bottom, a transverse pin fixed within said body above the open bottom and adjacent the rear end of the body, a staple magazine disposed within the body at the open bottom and being pivoted to said transverse pin and being swingable downwardly and rearwardly about said pin, detachable means for attaching the front end of the staple magazine to the body to locate the magazine at the bottom of the body, a stap e guide fixed within said magazine, pusher mechanism comprising a pusher slidable on said staple guide, a pusher rod on which said pusher is slidably mounted and disposed longitudinally of the guide, a bracket fixed to the rear end of the pusher rod and having a rear downwardly extending wall and a pair of parallel upstanding ears carrying a transverse pivot pin, a hook memberpivoted to the transverse pin on said bracket and having a hook portion engageable with the transverse pivot pin on said body, said hook member having a rear wall provided with a downward extension contacting the inner side of the rear wall of said bracket, and a coil compression spring on said rod and interposed between said pusher and said downward extension, said magazine having a bottom wall formed with a rear edge disposed adjacent the rear wall of the bracket.

26. A stapling device comprising a body having an open bottom, a transverse pin fixed within said body above the open bottom and adjacent the rear end of the body, a staple magazine disposed within the body at the open bottom and being pivoted to said transverse pin and being swingable downwardly and rearwardly about said pin, detachable means for attaching the front end of the staple magazine to the body to locate the magazine at the bottom of the body, a staple guide fixed within said magazine, pusher mechanism comprising a pusher slidable on said staple guide, a pusher rod on which said pusher is slidably mounted and disposed longitudinally of the guide, a bracket fixed to the rear end of the pusher rod and havin a rear downwardly extending wall and a pair of parallel upstanding ears carrying a transverse pivot pin, a hook member pivoted to the transverse pin on said bracket and having a hook portion engageable with the transverse pivot pin on said body, said hook member having a rear wall provided with a downward extension contacting the inner side of the rear wall of said bracket, and a coil compression spring on said rod and interposed between said pusher and said downward extension, the rear wall of the hook member having an upward extension provided at its sides with forwardly extending wings, and said body having notches to receive said wings.

FRANK S. BOROUGHS.

REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:

UNITED STATES PATENTS Number Name Date 1,415,330 Frankel May 9, 1922 1,671,733 Maynard May 29, 1928 1,757,812 Polzer May 6, 1930 1,983,397 Polzer Dec. 4, 1934 1,990,725 Crofoot 1- Feb. 12, 1935 2,268,102 Attulz Dec. 30, 1941 2,275,548 Olsen Mar. 10, 1942 2,326,540 Drantz Aug. 10, 1943 2,341,530 Crosby Feb. 15, 1944 2,412,620 Kipp Dec. 17, 1946 2.437.039 Peterson Mar. 2. 1948

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