US2638449A - Reaction products of fatty acids, dialkanolamines, and alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides - Google Patents

Reaction products of fatty acids, dialkanolamines, and alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides Download PDF

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US2638449A
US2638449A US136158A US13615849A US2638449A US 2638449 A US2638449 A US 2638449A US 136158 A US136158 A US 136158A US 13615849 A US13615849 A US 13615849A US 2638449 A US2638449 A US 2638449A
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Prior art keywords
succinic acid
acid anhydride
reaction
water
acid
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US136158A
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Ralph V White
Henry D Norris
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ExxonMobil Oil Corp
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Socony Vacuum Oil Co Inc
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    • C23FNON-MECHANICAL REMOVAL OF METALLIC MATERIAL FROM SURFACE; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL; MULTI-STEP PROCESSES FOR SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL INVOLVING AT LEAST ONE PROCESS PROVIDED FOR IN CLASS C23 AND AT LEAST ONE PROCESS COVERED BY SUBCLASS C21D OR C22F OR CLASS C25
    • C23F11/00Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent
    • C23F11/08Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids
    • C23F11/10Inhibiting corrosion of metallic material by applying inhibitors to the surface in danger of corrosion or adding them to the corrosive agent in other liquids using organic inhibitors
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2040/00Specified use or application for which the lubricating composition is intended
    • C10N2040/20Metal working
    • C10N2040/22Metal working with essential removal of material, e.g. cutting, grinding or drilling
    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C10PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
    • C10NINDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBCLASS C10M RELATING TO LUBRICATING COMPOSITIONS
    • C10N2050/00Form in which the lubricant is applied to the material being lubricated
    • C10N2050/10Semi-solids; greasy

Definitions

  • This invention relates, broadly, to organic nitrogen compounds and to corrosion-inhibiting compositions containing them. It is more specifically concerned with the reaction products ob tained by reacting fatty acids, dialkanolamines, and alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides; and with corrosion-inhibiting compositions comprising suitable vehicles containing these reaction products.
  • a new typ f corrosion inhibitor can be produced from alkeny succinic acid anhydrides havin any number Of carbon atoms in the alkenyl radical thereof. It has now been discovered that useful corrosion illhibitors can be produced by first reactin a fatty acid with a dialkanolamine to p oduce an intermediate product, and then reacting this intormediate product with an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride.
  • the present invention provides new compositions of matter obtained by reacting a fatty acid containing at least about five carbon atoms per molecule with a dialkanolamine, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively, to produce an intermediate product, and reacting an alkenyl sucoinic acid anhydride with the intermediate product, in a molar proportion varying between about 1:1, respectively, and about 2: 1 respectively.
  • the present invention also provides a substantially neutral vehicle containing between about 0.01 per cent and about per cent, by weight, of these compositions of matter.
  • dialkanolamine reactants utilizable herein are those compounds having the structural formula,
  • R and R are alkylene radicals or hydrocarbon-substituted alkylene radicals, having between about two and about seven carbon atoms per radical. These radicals can be similar or dissimilar radicals. Ordinarily, they will be the same in any given molecule. Since it is more diflicult to esterify secondary and tertiary alcohol groups, it is preferable that the alkylene radicals do not contain secondary or tertiary carbon atoms attached to the hydroxyl group, so as to form secondary and ztertiaryalcohol groups, respectively. However, because of "their greater commercial availability, it is preferred to use diethanolamine and hydrocarbon-substituted diethanolamines.
  • halogenated alcohol such as 2-chlorobutanol-1.
  • the halogenated alcohols are produced by several methods, for example, by careful halogenation of a dihydric alcohol.
  • Any fatty acid, or its anhydride or acid halide, can be reacted with the dialkanolamine reactant to'produce the intermediate products used in preparing the reaction products of the present invention.
  • Fatty acids containing substituent groups, such as halogen atoms, nitro groups, amino groups, etc., are also applicable herein.
  • the fatty acid reactants can be branched-chain or straightchain, and saturated or unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, and the acid halides and acid anhydrides thereof. Accordingly, when the term fattyacid is used herein, it must be clearly understood that the term embraces fatty acids, fatty'acid anhydrides, and fatty acid halides, and derivatives thereof. Particularly preferred are the fatty-acids having relatively long carbon chain lengths, such as a carbon chain length of between about 8 carbon atoms and about 30 carbon atoms.
  • Non-limiting examples of the fatty acid reactant are valeric acid; a-bromoisovaleric acid; hexanoic acid; hexanoyl chloride; caproic acid anhydride; sorbic acid; aminovaleric acid; amino hexanoic acid; heptanoic acid; heptanoic acid anhydride; 2-ethylhexanoic acid; a-bromo-octanoic acid;
  • decanoic acid dodecanoic acid; undecylenic acid; tetradecanoic acid; myristoyl bromide;
  • the fatty acid reactant is reacted with the dialkanolamine reactant in a molar proportion of about 1:1.
  • a molar excess of dialkanolamine reactant as much as 25 mole per cent or more, can be used advantageously to ensure complete reaction. .
  • the excess, unreacted dialkanolamine reactant will be re moved .by usual means, such as by water washing or by distillation.
  • a small excess of dialkanolamine reactant in the intermediate has not been found deleterious to the purpose of producing an effective antirust agent therefrom. In any event, the net result will be. "an-interm d 4 product produced by reacting the reactants in a 1:1 molar proportion.
  • the temperature at which the'reaction between the fatty acid reactant and the dialkanolamine reactant is effected is not too critical a factor. Since the reaction involved appears to be an amide-formation reaction, the general temperature conditions for that reaction, which are well known to those skilled in the art, are applicable.
  • Water is formed as a by-product of the reaction between the fatty acid reactant and the dialkanolamine reactant.
  • a hydrocarbon solvent which forms an azeotropic mixture with water can be added to the reaction mixture. Heating is continued with the liquid reaction mixture at the preferredreaction temperature, until the removal of water by azeotropic distillation has substantially ceased.
  • any hydrocarbon solvent which forms an azeotropic mixture with water can be used. It is preferred, however, to use an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent of the benzene series. Nonlimiting examples of the preferred solvent are benzene, toluene, and xylene.
  • the amount of solvent used is a variable and non-critical factor. It is dependent on the size of the reaction vessel and the reaction temperature selected. Accordingly, a sufiicient amount of solvent must be used to support the azeotropic distillation, but a large excess must be avoided since the reaction temperature will be lowered thereby.
  • Water produced by the reaction can also be removed by operating under reduced pressure. When operating with a reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser provided with a water takeoff trap, sufficient reduced pressure can be achieved by applying a slight vacuum to the upper end of the condenser. The pressure is usually reduced to between about 50 millimeters and about 300 millimeters. If desired, the water can be removed also by distillation, while operating under relatively high temperature conditions.
  • the time of reaction between the fatty acid reactant and the dialkanolamine reactant is dependent on the weight of the charge, the reaction temperature selected, and the means employed for removing the water from the reaction mixture. In practice, the reaction is continued until the formation of water has substantially ceased. In general, the time of reaction will vary between about six hours and about ten hours.
  • reaction between valeric acid and the diethanolamine could proceed, theoretically, in accordance diethanolamine to form morpholine, or reactions could occur simultaneously between two molecules of the fatty acid and both the amino hydrogen and a hydroxyl group of the diethanolamine, as set forth in the following equations:
  • Equation 3 The reaction of Equation 3 would produce some unreacted diethanolarnine in the reaction mixture, but this reaction probably does not occur to an appreciable extent. It will be apparent, however, that, in view of the foregoing, any designation assigned to these intermediate products, other than a definition comprising a recitation of the process of producing them, is not accurately descriptive of them.
  • R is an alkenyl radical.
  • the alkenyl radical can be straight-chain or branched-chain;
  • alkenyl succinic acids Although their use is less desirable, the alkenyl succinic acids also react, in accordance with this invention, to produce satisfactory reaction products. It has been found, however, that their use necessitates the removal of water formed during the reaction, and also, often causes undesirable side reactions to occur to some extent. Nevertheless, the alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides and the alkenyl succinic acids are interchangeable for the purposes of the present invention. Accordingly, when the term alkenyl succinic acid anhydride, is used herein, it must be clearly understood that it embraces the alkenyl succinic acids as well as their anhydrides, and the derivatives thereof in which the olefinic double bond has been saturated as set forth hereinbefore.
  • Non-limiting examples of the alkenyl succinic acid anhydride reactant are ethenyl succinic acid anhydride; ethenyl succinic acid, ethyl succinic acid anhydride; propenyl succlnic acid hydride; sulfurized propenyl succinic acid anhydride; butenyl succinic acid; 2-methylbutenyl succinic acid anhydride; 1,2-dichloropentyl succinic acid anhydride; hexenyl succinic acid anhydride; hexyl succinic acid; sulfurized 3-methy1 pentenyl succinic acid anhydride; 2,3- dimethylbutenyl succinic acid anhydride; 3,3- dimethylbutenyl succinic acid; 1,2-dibromo-2- ethyl-butyl succinic acid; heptenyl succinic acid anhydride; 1,2-diiodooctyl succinic acid;
  • alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides are well known to those familiar with the art. The most feasible method is by the reaction of an olefin with maleic acid anhydride. Since relatively pure olefins are difficult to obtain, and when thus obtainable, are often too expensive for commercial use, alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides are usually prepared as mixtures by reacting mixtures of olefins with maleic acid anhydride. Such mixtures, as well as relatively pure anhydrides, are utilizable herein.
  • the alkenyl succinic acid anhydride reactant is reacted with the intermediate product in a proportion varying between about one inole and about two moles of alkenyl succinic acid anhydride reactant for each mole of dialkanolamine reactant used in the preparation of the intermediate product.
  • the reaction between the alkenyl succinic acid anhydride reactant and the intermediate product takes place at any temperature ranging from ambient temperatures and upwards.
  • This reaction is apparently a monoester formation reaction eifected by the well known addition of the anhydride group to an alcohol group.
  • This addition proceeds at any temperature, but tempera tures of about 1l5-130 C. are preferred.
  • the reaction temperature preferably, should be somewhat higher.
  • the solvent employed is preferably one which will form an azeotropic mixture with water.
  • These solvents have been discussed fully, hereinbefore, in conjunction with the reaction between the fatty acid reactant and the dialkanolamine reactant.
  • the same solvents and the same methods of using them are applicable to the reaction between the intermediate product and the alkenyl succinic acid anhydride reactant.
  • products of this invention have been prepared at temperatures varying between about 115 C. and about 130 C., using an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent of the benzene series.
  • the time of reaction is dependent on the size of the charge, the reaction temperature selected, and the means employed for removing any water from the reaction mixture. Ordinarily, the addition reaction of the anhydride reactant is substantially complete within a few minutes. In order to ensure complete reaction, however, it is preferred to continue heating for several hours. When water is formed during the reaction, as when an alkenyl succinic acid is used, the completion of the reaction is indicated by a substantial decrease in the formation of water. In general, the reaction time will vary between several minutes and about ten hours.
  • reaction products contemplated herein are esteramide products of the dialkanolamine reactant having at least one free carboxylic acid group.
  • the reaction product can contain any, or several, products, such as those set forth in the following struc- HO O C-C (H)C10Hn CiHiOO C-CHa C4HBCON C21140 C--CH2 HO O C- (H)C1oHn CioHm CIHO O C CHnHC O O CzHA N0 CCAHO H2O C 0 0 (321514 H C O OH (.ImHw
  • reaction products contemplated herein are those produced by reacting the following combinations of reactants: valeric aoid+diethanolamine+ethenyl succinic acid anhydride (121:2); a-bromoisovaleric acid+dipropanolamine+ethyl succinic acid (121:1.8); hexanoic acid+di-iso-propanolamine+propenyl succinic acid anhydride (1:1:1) hexanoyl chloride+2,2-iminobutanol 1+sulfurized propenyl succinic acid anhydride (1:122); caproic acid anhydride+3,3 -iminodibutanol- 1 +butenyl succinic acid (1:224) sorbic acid+4,4'-iminodibutanol-l+1,2-dichloropentyl succinic acid
  • alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides used in the following specific examples are commercial mixtures of alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides in which the number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl radical varies between specified limits.
  • the Cli-sASAA is a mixture of hexeny-l, hep-tenyl, and octenyi succinic acid anhydrides
  • Cs-mASAA is a mixture of octenyl, noneyl, and decenyl succinic acid anhydrides
  • CIO-IZASAA is a mixture of decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl succinic acid anhydrides.
  • Example 2 Oleic acid ("1 mole) (.232 grams) and dietharro-lamine (12 moles) (125 grams) were weighed into a, reaction vessel provided with almechanical stirrer, a thermometer, and a. reflux :tahe-ofi. The reflux taxes-oh was filled xylene, and xylene (.200rmilli1iters) was added to the reaction vessel. The reaction mixture was lieazted to 145 (3., whereupon refluxing commenced. .Refluxing 75 ml. water- ⁇ 20 m1. t-butyl alcohol '75 ml. water+50 m1. t butyl alcohol '25 water+20 ml. t-hutyl alcohol 100ml.
  • Example 3 Stearic acid (0.344 mole) (95 grams) and diethanolamine (0.419 mole) (44 grams) were wei hed into a reaction vessel equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermometer, and a reflux take-oh". The reactants were heated to 120 C. Then, the reflux take-01f was filled with xylene, and xylene milliliters) was added to the reaction mixture. Refluxing was maintained, for 4.75 hours, at a pot temperature of 140-15? C. A total of 8.7 milliliters of water was collected. The reaction mixture was cooled to 95 C. and washed four times with the following distilled water mixtures:
  • Example 4 An intermediate reaction product was produced, in (the manner described in Example 1, using valeric acid and diethanolamme in a molar Proportion of 1:1, respectively.
  • Example 5 An intermediate reaction product was produced, in the manner described in Example 2, using caprylic acid and diethanolamine, in a molar proportion of 1:1.2, respectively.
  • Example 6 An intermediate product was prepared, in the manner described in Example 1, using dodecanoic acid and diethanolamine, in a molar proportion of 1:1, respectively.
  • Example 7 Anintermediatereaction product was prepared in the manner described in Example 1, using oleic acid and -di-isopropanolamine, in a molar proportion of 1:1, respectively.
  • Example 9 tion was stopped and the benzene was removed under reduced pressure.
  • the liquid reaction product had a neutralization number of 48.
  • Example 10 A portion, 36.9 grams (0.1 mole) of the intermediate product described in Example 2 and 44.4 grams (0.15 mole) of C1o-r2ASAA were placed in a reaction vessel and heated at 115-125 C., for two hours. No solvent was used. The liquid reaction product had a neutralization number of 109.
  • Example 11 A portion, 37.1 grams (0.1 mole) of the intermediate product described in Example 3 and 41.9 grams (0.2 mole) of Cs-aASAA were heated together at 120-125 C. for 2.75 hours. The liquid reaction product had a neutralization number of 158.
  • Example 12 Ca-mASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 3 were reacted in a molar proportion of 2:1, respectively, at 125130 C. for 1.5 hours, using the procedure of Example 10. The reaction product had a neutralization number of 145.
  • the reaction product had a neutralization number of 95.
  • Example 14 ClO-IZASAA. and the intermediate product described in Example 3 were reacted in a molar proportion of 1.6:1, respectively, at 115-118 C., for 2.5 hours, using the procedure of Example 10.
  • the reaction product had a neutralization number of 112.
  • Example 15 C10-12ASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 3 were reacted in a molar proportion of 1.8:1, respectively, at 110-120 C., for 2.5 hours, using the procedure of Example 10.
  • the reaction product had a neutralization number of 123.
  • Example 16 Example 17 C1o-12ASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 2 were reacted, in a molar 12 proportion of 2:1, respectively, at 124 C., for two hours, using the procedure of Example 10.
  • the reaction product had a neutralization number of 131.
  • Example 18 Cio-12ASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 2 were reacted in a molar proportion of 1.9:1, respectively, at 120-132 C., for 2.25 hours, using the procedure of Example 10.
  • the reaction product had a neutralization number of 123.
  • Example 19 C'1o-12ASAA and the intermediate product described in Example" 4 were reacted in a molar proportion of 2: 1, respectively, at 123-125 C., for 1.75 hours, using the procedure of Example 10.
  • the reaction product had a neutralization number of 159.
  • Example 20 C10-12ASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 5 were reacted in a molar proportion of 2:1, respectively, at 120-130 C., for 1.5 hours, using the procedure of Example 10.
  • the reaction product had a neutralization number of 166.
  • Example 21 ClO-IZASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 6 were reacted in a molar proportion of 2:1, respectively, at 122 C., for two hours, using the procedure of Example 10.
  • the reaction product had a neutralization number of 141.
  • Example 22 C1o-12ASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 7 were reacted in a molar proportion of 2:1, respectively, at 120-125 C., for 1.5 hours, using the procedure of Example 10.
  • the reaction product had a neutralization number of 130.
  • Example 23 A reaction product was prepared by reacting succinic acid anhydride and the intermediate product described in Example 2, in a molar proportion of 2:1, respectively, at 115-119" C., for two hours, using a toluene reflux in the manner described in Example 8. The reaction product had a neutralization number of 152.
  • the mineral oil used in these tests was a blend of solvent-refined, Midcontinent residual stock with a solvent-refined, Midcontinent (Rodessa) distillate stock. It had a specific gravity of 0.872, a fiash point of 445 F., and a Saybolt Universal viscosity of 407.7 seconds at F. This mineral lubricating oil is suitable for use in steam turbines. Unless otherwise indicated in the tables, the test oils contained 0.2 per cent by weight of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol and 0.1 per cent by weight of phenyl-a-naphthylamine, both well known anti-oxidants.
  • test method used to distinguish the rusting characteristics of lubricating oil blends was the ASTM test D665-44T for determining Rust PreventingCharacteristics of Steam Turbine Oils in Presence of Water, in which synthetic sea water was used as well as distilled water.
  • Pertinent test data are set forth in synthetic sea water contained 2.5 f chloride, 11 grams of magnesium chloride hexa hydrate, 4 grams of sodium sulfate, and 1.2 grams of calcium chloride per liter.
  • a rdrioal polished steel specimen is suspended and soaked in 30.0 cubic centimeters of the .oil under test at 140 F. for thirty minutes. cubic centimeters of synthetic sea water (or distilled water) are added and the mixture is stirred at 1000 R. P. M. After 48 hours, the steel specimen is removed and examined for evidence of rust on the portion of the specimen which hangs in the oil.
  • rust test results are given in terms of per cent of exposed metal surface which has rusted. The complete rusting which is evident when uninhibited base oils are tested is taken as 100 per cent.
  • the emulsion test used is the emulsion test for lubricating oils, Federal stock Catalog, sec- IV, quart 5, Federal Specifications TELL-791b,, February 19, 1942. in test method 320. 13., 40 cubic centimeters of oil and 40 cubic centimeters of emulsant in a 100-cubic centimeter graduated cylinder are stirred with a paddle at 1500 P. for 5 minutes, at 130 F. Separation of the emulsion is observed while the cylinder is kept at 130 F.
  • the figures in the tables show the number of minutes at which there is no .continuous layer of emulsion between the oil and the emulsant, or the number of cubic centimeters of emulsion persisting at the .end of thirty minutes.
  • ASA'A is alkenyl suceinic acid anhydride.
  • Example I PREvENTfoN OF ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION In order to evaluate the new reaction products as coatingcompounds for the prevention of atmospheric corrosion, a test was run as follows: Two polished steel specimens were coated with the reaction product of Example 11 by dipping them in a two per cent by weight solution of the product in benzene. Likewise, two additional specimens were coated with the reaction product of Example 19, and two more were coated with the reaction product of Example 18. Two other specimens were. left uncoated, as the controls. These-specimens were suspended in the chemical laboratory, exposed to the various vapors and fumes ordinarily found therein. After 24 hours of such exposure, none of the specimens showed visible signs of corrosion.
  • each specimen was immersed in distilled water for about seconds, by raising a separate beaker of distilled water under each one. After one hour this procedure was repeated.
  • the control specimens showed a light surface rusting about five minutes after this treatment.
  • the coated specimens remained free of corrosion.
  • the immersion process was repeated (considering initial immersion time as zero) at 20, 22, 24, 26, 42, 44, 46, 48, and 50 hours. Considerable more rusting'was noted on the control specimens after each immersion, but, the coated specimens were still free of any trace of corrosion.
  • reaction products for the prevention of rust in lubricated systems and for the prevention of atmospheric corrosion has been demonstrated.
  • these reaction products are utilizable for numerous pur- They can be added to a wide variety of vehicles to produce improved compositions. They can be dissolved in the vehicle or they can be dispersed therein, in the form of suspension or emulsions.
  • the vehicles can be liquids or plastics, the basic requirement being that they must be spreadable over metal surfaces. Spreading may be accomplished by immersion, flooding, spraying, brushing, trowelling, etc. Additionally, the vehicle should be substantially neutral. It can be oleaginous, i. e., substantially insoluble in water, or it can be aqueous. Aqueous vehicles include aqueous solutions of liquids, such as alcohol-water mixtures and the like. Oleaginous vehicles can be hydrocarbon materials, such as mineral oils and hydrocarbon solvents, or nonhydrocarbon materials, such as fatty oils and fats.
  • Non-limiting examples of suitable vehicles for the additives of this invention are mineral lubricating oils of all grades; gasolines and other light petroleum products, such as fuel oil; water, alcohols, such as ethanol isopropanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, octanol, decanol, dodecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol, oleyl alcohol, benzyl .alcohol, etc.; phenols; glycols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerol, etc.; ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dipropyl ketone, cyclohexanone, etc.; keto alcohols, such as benzoin; ethers, such as diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diethylene dioxide, dichloro diethyl ether,
  • diphenyl oxide diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, etc.
  • neutral esters such as ethyl acetate, butyl propionate, cresyl acetate, dodecyl acetate, ethyl maleate, butyl stearate, tridecyl phosphate, tributyl trithiophosphate, triamyl phosphite, etc.; petroleum waxes, such as slack wax and paraflin wax; natural waxes, such as carnauba wax, Japan wax, beeswax, etc.; natural fats and oils, such as sperm oil, tallow, cottonseed oil, castor oil, linseed oil, tung oil, soybean oil, oiticica oil, tar oil, oleo oil, etc.; hydrocarbons and.
  • petroleum waxes such as slack wax and paraflin wax
  • natural waxes such as carnauba wax, Japan wax, beeswax, etc.
  • natural fats and oils such as sperm oil
  • halogenated hydrocarbons such as butanes, chlorinated hexanes, octanes, brominated decanes, dodecanes, Freon, eicosane, benzene, toluene, xylenes, cumene, indene, alkyl naphthalenes, etc.; greases; asphalts; chlorinated petroleum fractions, such as chlorowax; and paints, varnishes and the like.
  • Lubricating oils of all types usually permit corrosion of metal surfaces. This poses a problem in the lubrication of all types of engines, particularly steam turbines. Lubricating oils containing the reaction products of this invention are efiectively inhibited against such corrosion. Diesel fuels containing these additives will have less tendency to corrode injection nozzles. Steam cylinder oils and cutting oils can be inhibited against corrosive tendencies by the addition thereto of these new additives, particularly the more emulsive types. Greases can be inhibited likewise.
  • the more emulsive products of this invention can be substituted in whole or in part, for the emulsifying agents commonly used in compounding greases, cutting oils, steam cylinder oils, etc. Hydraulic systems can be protected against corrosion by using hydraulic fluids containing the additives of the present invention.
  • Relatively more permanent corrosion-preventive coatings can be produced by the application to metal surfaces of paints, and the like, containing the additives of this invention.
  • Vehicles utilizable for this purpose are paints, varnishes, lacquers, drying oils, asphalt roofing compositions, and the like.”
  • the amount of the reaction products which are added to a vehicle to produce a composition in accordance with this invention varies between about 0.01 per cent and about 50 per cent by weight,v depending on the specific use contemplated and on the specific reaction product selected. Generally, itis suificient to use an 1? amount varying between about 0.01 per cent and about per cent. However, smaller amounts, as low as about 0.005 per cent will be effective in some cases. Likewise, amounts up to as much as about 50 per cent are required when the vehicle contains resinous bodies, or when the reaction product is also used an an emulsifier, such as in a steam cylinder oil.
  • compositions contemplated herein can be added to the compositions contemplated herein to impart other desirable properties thereto.
  • antioxidants for example, there may be added antioxidants, pour point depressants, V. I. improvers, antidetonants, octane number improvers, emulsifiers, thinners, driers, etc.
  • a corrosion-inhibiting composition which comprises a substantially neutral vehicle containing between about 0.01 per cent and about 50 per cent, by weight, of the final reaction product obtained by initially reacting a fatty acid containing at least about five carbon atoms per molecule with a dialkanolamine having between two and seven carbon atoms per alkanol radical, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 130 C. and about 160 C. to produce an intermediate product, and then reacting an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride with said intermediate product. in a molar proportion varying between about 1:1, respectively,
  • composition of claim 1, wherein said vehicle is an oleaginous vehicle.
  • dialkanolamine is a compound having the formula, HN CH2CHROH 2, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms and alkyl radicals.
  • composition of claim 8 wherein said vehicle is a mineral lubricating oil.
  • tween about 0.01 per cent and about 50 per cent. by weight, of the final reaction product obtained by initially reacting stearic acid with diethanolamine, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 130 C. and about 160 C. to produce an intermediate product, and then reacting an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride, having between about eight and about ten carbon atoms per alkenyl radical, with said intermediate product, in a molar proportion of about 2:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about C. and about C.
  • the final reaction product obtained by initially reacting a fatty acid containing at least about five carbon atoms per molecule with a dialkanolamine having between two and seven carbon atoms per alkanol radical, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 130 C. and about 160 C. to produce an intermediate product, and then reacting an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride with said intermediate product, in a molar proportion of between about 1:1, respectively, and about 2:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 110 C. and about 130 C.
  • reaction product of claim 13 wherein said fatty acid contains between about 8 and about 30 carbon atoms per molecule.
  • dialkanolamine is a compound having the formula, HN(CH2CHROH)2, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms and alkyl radicals.
  • the final reaction product obtained by initially reacting stearic acid with diethanolamine, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 130 C. and about 160 C. to produce a reaction product, and then reacting an alkenyl sucoinic acid anhydride, having between about ten and about twelve car bon atoms per alkenyl radical, with said intermediate product, in a molar proportion of about 2:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 110 C. and about 130 C.
  • the final reaction product obtained by initially reacting stearic acid with diethanolamine, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 130 C. and about 160 C. to produce an intermediate product, and then reacting an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride, having between about eight and about ten carbon atoms per alkenyl radical, with said intermediate product, in a molar proportion of about 2:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 110 C. and about 130 C.

Description

Patented May 12, 1953 UNITE ill s'rArss ATENT OFFICE- REACTION PRODUCTS F FATTY ACIDS,
DIALKANOLAMINES, AND ALKENYL SUC- CINIC ACID ANHYDRIDES New York No Drawing. Application December 30, 1M9, Serial No. 136,158
Claims.
This invention relates, broadly, to organic nitrogen compounds and to corrosion-inhibiting compositions containing them. It is more specifically concerned with the reaction products ob tained by reacting fatty acids, dialkanolamines, and alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides; and with corrosion-inhibiting compositions comprising suitable vehicles containing these reaction products.
As is well known to those familiar with the art, Whenever machines and devices have been constructed in whole or in part of metals, particularly of ferrous metals, the occurrence of surface corrosion has presented serious problems. For example, farming implements are frequently stored under conditions where they are subject to rusting. Rusting also presents problems in the storage of infrequently used machinery, in the shipment of machined metal parts, such as sewing machine parts and gun barrels, and in the use of structural steel members, such as bridge trusses. These difficulties have been overcome in part by coating the exposed surfaces with paints, greases, oils, and the like. In many cases,
however, it has been disadvantageous to use these expedients since it is often necessary to remove such coatings completely before the object is used. Accordingly, recourse has been had to corrosion-inhibiting compositions which can be applied to metal surfaces and which can be removed easily and cheaply.
In the field of lubrication, the rusting of fer rous metal surfaces has been a common occurrence. This has been a serious problem in steam turbines, particularly during the initial operation of new installations. The rusting is most pronounced at points where the clearance between bearing surfaces is very small, such as in the governor mechanism. This is usually caused by water entering the oil supply, as by condensation, and becoming entrained in the oil throughout the circulating system, thereby coming into contact with the ferrous metal surfaces. Manifestly, this constitutes a menace to the operational life of the turbine.
Many materials have been proposed as coatins compositions or as addition agents for lubricating oils to inhibit rusting. In United States Let ters Patents Nos. 2,124,628; 2,133,734; and
2,279,688. there were disclosed alkenyl succinic acids, and halogenated and/or sulfurized derivatives thereof, as compounds useful in the prevention of corrosion. In these patents, the patentees stipulate that the acids must have at least 16 carbon atoms, and, preferably, 20 carbon atoms per molecule.
It has now been found that a new typ f corrosion inhibitor can be produced from alkeny succinic acid anhydrides havin any number Of carbon atoms in the alkenyl radical thereof. It has now been discovered that useful corrosion illhibitors can be produced by first reactin a fatty acid with a dialkanolamine to p oduce an intermediate product, and then reacting this intormediate product with an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride.
Accordingly, it is a broad object of th s inv ntion to provide novel corrosion inhibitors. All? other object is to provide corrosion inhibitors produced from alkenyl succinic acids having any number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl radical. A specific object is to provide corrosion inhibitors by reacting a fatty acid with a dialkanolamine to produce an intermediate product, and then reacting this intermediate product with an alrenyl succinic acid anhydride. A more specific object is to provide substantially neutral vehicles containing such corrosion inhibitors. important object is to provide mineral lubricating oils colitaining minor amounts of corrosion inhibitors of the type described hereinbefore. Other objects and advantages of the present invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from the following detailed description.
Broadly stated, the present invention provides new compositions of matter obtained by reacting a fatty acid containing at least about five carbon atoms per molecule with a dialkanolamine, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively, to produce an intermediate product, and reacting an alkenyl sucoinic acid anhydride with the intermediate product, in a molar proportion varying between about 1:1, respectively, and about 2: 1 respectively. The present invention also provides a substantially neutral vehicle containing between about 0.01 per cent and about per cent, by weight, of these compositions of matter.
In general, the dialkanolamine reactants utilizable herein are those compounds having the structural formula,
wherein R and R are alkylene radicals or hydrocarbon-substituted alkylene radicals, having between about two and about seven carbon atoms per radical. These radicals can be similar or dissimilar radicals. Ordinarily, they will be the same in any given molecule. Since it is more diflicult to esterify secondary and tertiary alcohol groups, it is preferable that the alkylene radicals do not contain secondary or tertiary carbon atoms attached to the hydroxyl group, so as to form secondary and ztertiaryalcohol groups, respectively. However, because of "their greater commercial availability, it is preferred to use diethanolamine and hydrocarbon-substituted diethanolamines.
These compounds have the structural formula,
tween ammonia and a halogenated alcohol, such as 2-chlorobutanol-1. The halogenated alcohols, in turn, are produced by several methods, for example, by careful halogenation of a dihydric alcohol.
Any fatty acid, or its anhydride or acid halide, can be reacted with the dialkanolamine reactant to'produce the intermediate products used in preparing the reaction products of the present invention. Fatty acids containing substituent groups, such as halogen atoms, nitro groups, amino groups, etc., are also applicable herein. The fatty acid reactants can be branched-chain or straightchain, and saturated or unsaturated aliphatic monocarboxylic acids, and the acid halides and acid anhydrides thereof. Accordingly, when the term fattyacid is used herein, it must be clearly understood that the term embraces fatty acids, fatty'acid anhydrides, and fatty acid halides, and derivatives thereof. Particularly preferred are the fatty-acids having relatively long carbon chain lengths, such as a carbon chain length of between about 8 carbon atoms and about 30 carbon atoms.
Non-limiting examples of the fatty acid reactant are valeric acid; a-bromoisovaleric acid; hexanoic acid; hexanoyl chloride; caproic acid anhydride; sorbic acid; aminovaleric acid; amino hexanoic acid; heptanoic acid; heptanoic acid anhydride; 2-ethylhexanoic acid; a-bromo-octanoic acid;
decanoic acid; dodecanoic acid; undecylenic acid; tetradecanoic acid; myristoyl bromide;
erotic acid; selacholeic acid; heptacosanoic acid anhydride; montanic acid; melissic acid; keto- .triacontic acid; naphthenic acids; and acids obtained from the oxidation of petroleum fractions.
The fatty acid reactant is reacted with the dialkanolamine reactant in a molar proportion of about 1:1. A molar excess of dialkanolamine reactant, as much as 25 mole per cent or more, can be used advantageously to ensure complete reaction. .After the reaction is complete, the excess, unreacted dialkanolamine reactant will be re moved .by usual means, such as by water washing or by distillation. However, a small excess of dialkanolamine reactant in the intermediate has not been found deleterious to the purpose of producing an effective antirust agent therefrom. In any event, the net result will be. "an-interm d 4 product produced by reacting the reactants in a 1:1 molar proportion.
The temperature at which the'reaction between the fatty acid reactant and the dialkanolamine reactant is effected is not too critical a factor. Since the reaction involved appears to be an amide-formation reaction, the general temperature conditions for that reaction, which are well known to those skilled in the art, are applicable.
Nevertheless, it is usually preferred to operate at temperatures varying between about C. and about C. It must be strictly understood, however, that the reaction between the fatty acid reactant and the dialkanolamine reactant can be effected at temperatures substantially lower than 130 C. and substantially higher than 160 0., and that this invention is not to be limited to the preferred temperature range.
Water is formed as a by-product of the reaction between the fatty acid reactant and the dialkanolamine reactant. In order to facilitate the removal of this water, to effect a more complete reaction in accordance with the principle of le Chatelier, a hydrocarbon solvent which forms an azeotropic mixture with water can be added to the reaction mixture. Heating is continued with the liquid reaction mixture at the preferredreaction temperature, until the removal of water by azeotropic distillation has substantially ceased. In general, any hydrocarbon solvent which forms an azeotropic mixture with water can be used. It is preferred, however, to use an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent of the benzene series. Nonlimiting examples of the preferred solvent are benzene, toluene, and xylene. The amount of solvent used is a variable and non-critical factor. It is dependent on the size of the reaction vessel and the reaction temperature selected. Accordingly, a sufiicient amount of solvent must be used to support the azeotropic distillation, but a large excess must be avoided since the reaction temperature will be lowered thereby. Water produced by the reaction can also be removed by operating under reduced pressure. When operating with a reaction vessel equipped with a reflux condenser provided with a water takeoff trap, sufficient reduced pressure can be achieved by applying a slight vacuum to the upper end of the condenser. The pressure is usually reduced to between about 50 millimeters and about 300 millimeters. If desired, the water can be removed also by distillation, while operating under relatively high temperature conditions.
The time of reaction between the fatty acid reactant and the dialkanolamine reactant is dependent on the weight of the charge, the reaction temperature selected, and the means employed for removing the water from the reaction mixture. In practice, the reaction is continued until the formation of water has substantially ceased. In general, the time of reaction will vary between about six hours and about ten hours.
Without any intent of limiting the scope of the present invention, it is postulated that the reaction between the fatty acid reactant and the dialkanolamine reactant results in the formation of a dialkanolamide of the fatty acid. Thus, the
reaction between valeric acid and the diethanolamine could proceed, theoretically, in accordance diethanolamine to form morpholine, or reactions could occur simultaneously between two molecules of the fatty acid and both the amino hydrogen and a hydroxyl group of the diethanolamine, as set forth in the following equations:
clmooon HmouLoH),
The reaction of Equation 3 would produce some unreacted diethanolarnine in the reaction mixture, but this reaction probably does not occur to an appreciable extent. It will be apparent, however, that, in view of the foregoing, any designation assigned to these intermediate products, other than a definition comprising a recitation of the process of producing them, is not accurately descriptive of them.
Any alkenyl succinic acid anhydride or the corresponding acid is utilizable for the production of the reaction products of the present invention. The general structural formulae of these compounds are:
wherein R is an alkenyl radical. The alkenyl radical can be straight-chain or branched-chain;
and it can be saturated at the point of unsaturation by the addition of a substance which adds to olefinic double bonds, such as hydrogen, sulfur, bromine, chlorine, or iodine. It is obvious, of course, that there must be at least two carbon atoms in the alkenyl radical, but there is no real upper limit to the number of carbon atoms therein. In order to produce the reaction products of this invention, however, an allienyl succinic acid anhydride or the corresponding acid must be used. Succinic acid anhydride and succinic acid are not utilizable herein. For example, the reaction product produced by reacting an intermediate product with snccinic acid anhydride is not an effective rust inhibitor. Although their use is less desirable, the alkenyl succinic acids also react, in accordance with this invention, to produce satisfactory reaction products. It has been found, however, that their use necessitates the removal of water formed during the reaction, and also, often causes undesirable side reactions to occur to some extent. Nevertheless, the alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides and the alkenyl succinic acids are interchangeable for the purposes of the present invention. Accordingly, when the term alkenyl succinic acid anhydride, is used herein, it must be clearly understood that it embraces the alkenyl succinic acids as well as their anhydrides, and the derivatives thereof in which the olefinic double bond has been saturated as set forth hereinbefore. Non-limiting examples of the alkenyl succinic acid anhydride reactant are ethenyl succinic acid anhydride; ethenyl succinic acid, ethyl succinic acid anhydride; propenyl succlnic acid hydride; sulfurized propenyl succinic acid anhydride; butenyl succinic acid; 2-methylbutenyl succinic acid anhydride; 1,2-dichloropentyl succinic acid anhydride; hexenyl succinic acid anhydride; hexyl succinic acid; sulfurized 3-methy1 pentenyl succinic acid anhydride; 2,3- dimethylbutenyl succinic acid anhydride; 3,3- dimethylbutenyl succinic acid; 1,2-dibromo-2- ethyl-butyl succinic acid; heptenyl succinic acid anhydride; 1,2-diiodooctyl succinic acid; octenyl succinlc acid anhydride; octenyl succinic acid 2-methylheptenyl succinic acid anhydride; 4- ethylhexenyl succinic acid; diisobutenyl succinic acid anhydride; 2-isopropylpenteny1 succinic acid anhydride; nonenyl succinic acid anhydride; 2-propylhexenyl succinic acid anhydride; 'decenyl succinic acid; decenyl succinic acid anhydride; 5-methyl-2-isopropylhexenyl succinic acid anhydride; l,2-dibromo2ethyloctenyl succinic acid anhydride; decyl succinic acid anhydride; un decenyl succinic acid anhydride; 1,2-dichloroundecyl succinic acid; 3-ethyl-2-t-butylpentenyl succinic acid anhydride; triisobutenyl succinic acid anhydride; dodecenyl succinic acid anhydride; dcdecenyl succinic acid; 2-propylnoneyl succinic acid anhydride; 3butyloctenyl succinic acid anhydride; tridecenyl succinic acid anhydride; tetradecenyl succinic acid anhydride; hexadecenyl succinic acid anhydride; sulfurized octadecenyl succinic acid; octadecyl succinic acid anhydride; 1,2 dibromo 2 methylpentadecenyl succinic acid anhydride; 8 propylpentadecyl succinic acid anhydride; eicosenyl succinic acid anhydride; l,2-dichloro-2-methylnonadecenyl succinic acid anhydride; 2-octyldodecenyl succinic acid; 1,2-diiodotetracosenyl succinic acid anhydride; hexacosenyl succinic acid; hexacosenyl succinic acid anhydride; and hentriacontenyl succinic acid anhydride.
The methods of preparing the alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides are well known to those familiar with the art. The most feasible method is by the reaction of an olefin with maleic acid anhydride. Since relatively pure olefins are difficult to obtain, and when thus obtainable, are often too expensive for commercial use, alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides are usually prepared as mixtures by reacting mixtures of olefins with maleic acid anhydride. Such mixtures, as well as relatively pure anhydrides, are utilizable herein.
The alkenyl succinic acid anhydride reactant is reacted with the intermediate product in a proportion varying between about one inole and about two moles of alkenyl succinic acid anhydride reactant for each mole of dialkanolamine reactant used in the preparation of the intermediate product.
The reaction between the alkenyl succinic acid anhydride reactant and the intermediate product takes place at any temperature ranging from ambient temperatures and upwards. This reaction is apparently a monoester formation reaction eifected by the well known addition of the anhydride group to an alcohol group. This addition proceeds at any temperature, but tempera tures of about 1l5-130 C. are preferred. When an alkenyl succinic acid is used, water is formed. Therefore, in this case, the reaction temperature, preferably, should be somewhat higher.
The reaction between the alkenyl succinic acid anhydride reactant and the intermediate product proceeds smoothly in the absence of solvents, at
tural formulae:
atmospheric pressure. However, the occurrence of undesirable side reactions is minimized when a solvent is employed. Since a small amount of water is usually formed also when an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride is used in the reaction, the solvent employed is preferably one which will form an azeotropic mixture with water. These solvents have been discussed fully, hereinbefore, in conjunction with the reaction between the fatty acid reactant and the dialkanolamine reactant. The same solvents and the same methods of using them are applicable to the reaction between the intermediate product and the alkenyl succinic acid anhydride reactant. For example; products of this invention have been prepared at temperatures varying between about 115 C. and about 130 C., using an aromatic hydrocarbon solvent of the benzene series.
The time of reaction is dependent on the size of the charge, the reaction temperature selected, and the means employed for removing any water from the reaction mixture. Ordinarily, the addition reaction of the anhydride reactant is substantially complete within a few minutes. In order to ensure complete reaction, however, it is preferred to continue heating for several hours. When water is formed during the reaction, as when an alkenyl succinic acid is used, the completion of the reaction is indicated by a substantial decrease in the formation of water. In general, the reaction time will vary between several minutes and about ten hours.
Without any intent of limiting the scope of the present invention, it is postulated that the reaction products contemplated herein are esteramide products of the dialkanolamine reactant having at least one free carboxylic acid group. For example, when the theoretical intermediate product of Equation 1 is reacted with two moles of decenyl succinic acid anhydride the reaction product can contain any, or several, products, such as those set forth in the following struc- HO O C-C (H)C10Hn CiHiOO C-CHa C4HBCON C21140 C--CH2 HO O C- (H)C1oHn CioHm CIHO O C CHnHC O O CzHA N0 CCAHO H2O C 0 0 (321514 H C O OH (.ImHw
C4HOCON CaHqOH CwHm CQHAOOCCHiHOOOCZH NOCC4H0 H2GCOOC2H4 HOOC H H COOH CioHn H V CAHICON CzH4OOCCH2 one mole of diethanolamine to produce an intermediate product, which is then reacted with two moles of decenyl succinic acid anhydride may be defined as valeric acid-{-diethanolamine+deceny1 succinic acid anhydride (121:2).
In addition to the products described in the illustrative examples, set forth hereinafter, nonlimiting examples of the reaction products contemplated herein are those produced by reacting the following combinations of reactants: valeric aoid+diethanolamine+ethenyl succinic acid anhydride (121:2); a-bromoisovaleric acid+dipropanolamine+ethyl succinic acid (121:1.8); hexanoic acid+di-iso-propanolamine+propenyl succinic acid anhydride (1:1:1) hexanoyl chloride+2,2-iminobutanol 1+sulfurized propenyl succinic acid anhydride (1:122); caproic acid anhydride+3,3 -iminodibutanol- 1 +butenyl succinic acid (1:224) sorbic acid+4,4'-iminodibutanol-l+1,2-dichloropentyl succinic acid anhydride (12121.5); aminovaleric acid+di-tert-butanolamine+hexenyl succinic acid (12122), aminohexanoic acid+3,3' iminodipentanol- 2 +sulfurized 3-methylpentenyl succinic acid anhydride (1 2 1 2 1.2) heptanoic acid+6,6-iminodihexanol- 1+2,3-dimethylbutenyl succinic acid anhydride (121:2) heptanoic acid anhydride+7,7-iminodiheptano1-1+1,2-dibromo 2 ethylbutyl succinic acid (122:2); 2-ethylhexanoic acid+diethano1amine-i-heptenyl succinic acid anhydride (1 2 1 2 1.7) a-bromooctanoic acid+dipropanolamine-l-1,2-diiodooctyl succinic acid (121:1); decanoic acid-{- di-iso-propanolamine+octenyl succinic acid anhydride (121z2) dodecanoic acid+2,2-iminodibutanol-l+2-methylheptenyl succinic acid anhydride (12121); undecylenic acid+3,3'-iminodibutanol-l+4-ethylhexenyl succinic acid (12122) tetradecanoic acid+b,4'-iminodibutanol 1+diisobutenyl succinic acid anhydride (121:2); myristoyl bromide+di tert butanolamine+2-propylhexenyl succinic acid anhydride (121:1) hexadecanoic acid+3,3-iminodipentanol-2+decenyl succinic acid (1:121.6); palmitic acid+6,6'-iminohexanol-1+decenyl succinic acid anhydride (1:122) oleic acid-P1,!-iminodiheptanol-1+undecenyl succinic acid anhydride (12121.4); heptadecanoic acid+diethanolamine+1,2-dichl-oroundecyl succinic acid (121:2) stearic acid-dipropanolamine+dodeceny1 succinic acid (1:1:1.8); linoleic acid+di iso propanolamine+2-propylnonenyl succinic acid anhydride (12121); xylylstearic acid+2,2'-iminodibutanol-1+triisobutenyl succinic acid anhydride (12122); a-dodecyl tetradecanoic -acid+3,3-iminodibutanol-1+hentriacontenyl succinic acid anhydride (1:121); arachidic acid+4,4'-iminodibutanol-1+hexacosenyl succinic acid anhydride (1:122); behenic acid+di-tert-butanolamine+hexacosenyl succinic a-cid (1:121.2); behenolic acid+3,3-iminodipentanol-2+1,2-diiodotetracosenyl succinic acid anhydride (1:1:2); erucic acid+6,6-iminodihexanol-l+2-octyldodecenyl succinic acid anhydride (121:1.4); erucic acid anhydride+7,7- iminodiheptanol-l (1 2 2 2 2.8) cerotic acid+diethanolamine+eicosenyl succinic acid anhydride (1:122) selacholeic acid+dipropanolamine+1,2- dibromo-2-methylpentadecenyl succinic acid anhydride (1:1:1) heptacosanoic acid anhydride+ di iso propanolamine+octadecyl succinic acid anhydride (12224) montanic acid+2,2-iminodibutanol-l (121:1); melissic acid-i-di-tert-b-utanolamine+sulfurized octadecenyl succinic acid anhydride (121:2) and ketotriacontic acid+7,7- iminodiheptanol- 1+hexadecenyl succinic acid anhydride (121:2).
The following specific examples are for the purpose of illustrating the present invention, and of demonstrating the advantages thereof. It must be strictly understood that this invention is not to be limited to the particular reactants and molar proportions employed, or to the operations manipulations described therein. A wide variety of other reactants and molar proportions, as set forth hereinbefore, may be used, as those skilled in the art will readily understood.
The alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides used in the following specific examples are commercial mixtures of alkenyl succinic acid anhydrides in which the number of carbon atoms in the alkenyl radical varies between specified limits. The Cli-sASAA is a mixture of hexeny-l, hep-tenyl, and octenyi succinic acid anhydrides; Cs-mASAA is a mixture of octenyl, noneyl, and decenyl succinic acid anhydrides; and CIO-IZASAA is a mixture of decenyl, undecenyl, dodecenyl succinic acid anhydrides.
PREPARATION OF INTERMEDIATE PRODUCTS Example 1 Stearic acid (1 mole) (284 grams) and diethanolamine (1 mole) (105 grams) were weighed into a reaction vessel prev'ided with a mechanical stir rer, a thermometer, and a condenser device (reflux take-oh) for removing water from the reaction mixture as it is evolved in an azeotropic mixture of water and xylene. The reactants were heated to 150 G. Then, the reflux take-cit was filled with xylene, and 100 milliliters of xylene were gradually added to the reaction mixture. The initial xylene refluxing occurred at a 155 C. .pot temperature. .A-f-ter 3.25 hours, the pot temperature which sustained a xylene reflux was 163 'C. The amount of water collected from the reaction was 23AM mill-iters (theory is 18 milliliters for amide domination). Xylene was removed under reduced pressure, with the-reactants at 100 C. The residue thus obtained, was a wax-like, tan-colored solid having a neutralization number of fill-5.
Example 2 Oleic acid ("1 mole) (.232 grams) and dietharro-lamine (12 moles) (125 grams) were weighed into a, reaction vessel provided with almechanical stirrer, a thermometer, and a. reflux :tahe-ofi. The reflux taxes-oh was filled xylene, and xylene (.200rmilli1iters) was added to the reaction vessel. The reaction mixture was lieazted to 145 (3., whereupon refluxing commenced. .Refluxing 75 ml. water-{ 20 m1. t-butyl alcohol '75 ml. water+50 m1. t butyl alcohol '25 water+20 ml. t-hutyl alcohol 100ml. water-l-no ml. t-butylalcohol qihehbutyl alcohol was used to provide a more eificient separation of the aqueous and the organic layers. The diethanolamine-free xylene solution of intermediate product was filtered and the xylene was removed at a. pot temperature of C., under reduced pressure. The liquid intermediate product had a neutralization number of 1.3.
Example 3 Stearic acid (0.344 mole) (95 grams) and diethanolamine (0.419 mole) (44 grams) were wei hed into a reaction vessel equipped with a mechanical stirrer, a thermometer, and a reflux take-oh". The reactants were heated to 120 C. Then, the reflux take-01f was filled with xylene, and xylene milliliters) was added to the reaction mixture. Refluxing was maintained, for 4.75 hours, at a pot temperature of 140-15? C. A total of 8.7 milliliters of water was collected. The reaction mixture was cooled to 95 C. and washed four times with the following distilled water mixtures:
('1) 50 ml. water+20 m1. t-butyl alcohol (2) 75 ml. water (3) 50 ml. water (4) 50 ml. water The diethanolamine-free xylene solution of intermediate product was filtered, and topped free of xylene under reduced pressure, at a pot temperature'of 100 C. The wax-like, tan-colored, solid product has a neutralization number of 0.9.
Example 4 An intermediate reaction product was produced, in (the manner described in Example 1, using valeric acid and diethanolamme in a molar Proportion of 1:1, respectively.
Example 5 An intermediate reaction product was produced, in the manner described in Example 2, using caprylic acid and diethanolamine, in a molar proportion of 1:1.2, respectively.
Example 6 An intermediate product was prepared, in the manner described in Example 1, using dodecanoic acid and diethanolamine, in a molar proportion of 1:1, respectively.
Example 7 Anintermediatereaction product was prepared in the manner described in Example 1, using oleic acid and -di-isopropanolamine, in a molar proportion of 1:1, respectively.
PREPARATION OF THE FINAL REACTION PRODUCT .Example 8 .A portion, 37.1 grams (0.1 mole) of the intermediate productdescribed in Example 1, and 59 grams (0.2 mole) of C1o-12ASAA were placed in a reaction vessel provided with a mechanical stirrer, a thermometer, and a reflux take-01f. The reaction -mixture was heated atl15-l20 C. 'for0l5 hour. Then, the reflux take-ofi was filled with benzene, and benzene (30 milliliters) was added to the reaction mixture. Refluxing was maintained for one 'hour, with the flask contents at C. No water was collected. The flask contents were diluted with additional 70 milliliters of benzene. The resultant solution was filtered and benzene was removed by evaporation 11 on the steam bath. The liquid reaction product had a neutralization number of 129.
Example 9 tion was stopped and the benzene was removed under reduced pressure. The liquid reaction product had a neutralization number of 48.
Example 10 A portion, 36.9 grams (0.1 mole) of the intermediate product described in Example 2 and 44.4 grams (0.15 mole) of C1o-r2ASAA were placed in a reaction vessel and heated at 115-125 C., for two hours. No solvent was used. The liquid reaction product had a neutralization number of 109. Example 11 A portion, 37.1 grams (0.1 mole) of the intermediate product described in Example 3 and 41.9 grams (0.2 mole) of Cs-aASAA were heated together at 120-125 C. for 2.75 hours. The liquid reaction product had a neutralization number of 158.
. Example 12 Ca-mASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 3 were reacted in a molar proportion of 2:1, respectively, at 125130 C. for 1.5 hours, using the procedure of Example 10. The reaction product had a neutralization number of 145. Example 13 C1o-12ASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 3 were reacted in a molar proportion of 1.411, respectively, at 115-118 C. for 2.5 hours, using the procedure of Example 10.
The reaction product had a neutralization number of 95.
- Example 14 ClO-IZASAA. and the intermediate product described in Example 3 were reacted in a molar proportion of 1.6:1, respectively, at 115-118 C., for 2.5 hours, using the procedure of Example 10. The reaction product had a neutralization number of 112.
Example 15 C10-12ASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 3 were reacted in a molar proportion of 1.8:1, respectively, at 110-120 C., for 2.5 hours, using the procedure of Example 10. The reaction product had a neutralization number of 123.
Example 16 Example 17 C1o-12ASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 2 were reacted, in a molar 12 proportion of 2:1, respectively, at 124 C., for two hours, using the procedure of Example 10. The reaction product had a neutralization number of 131.
Example 18 Cio-12ASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 2 were reacted in a molar proportion of 1.9:1, respectively, at 120-132 C., for 2.25 hours, using the procedure of Example 10. The reaction product had a neutralization number of 123.
Example 19 C'1o-12ASAA and the intermediate product described in Example" 4 were reacted in a molar proportion of 2: 1, respectively, at 123-125 C., for 1.75 hours, using the procedure of Example 10. The reaction product had a neutralization number of 159. I
Example 20 C10-12ASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 5 were reacted in a molar proportion of 2:1, respectively, at 120-130 C., for 1.5 hours, using the procedure of Example 10. The reaction product had a neutralization number of 166.
Example 21 ClO-IZASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 6 were reacted in a molar proportion of 2:1, respectively, at 122 C., for two hours, using the procedure of Example 10. The reaction product had a neutralization number of 141.
Example 22 C1o-12ASAA and the intermediate product described in Example 7 were reacted in a molar proportion of 2:1, respectively, at 120-125 C., for 1.5 hours, using the procedure of Example 10. The reaction product had a neutralization number of 130.
Example 23 A reaction product was prepared by reacting succinic acid anhydride and the intermediate product described in Example 2, in a molar proportion of 2:1, respectively, at 115-119" C., for two hours, using a toluene reflux in the manner described in Example 8. The reaction product had a neutralization number of 152.
In order to demonstrate the outstanding properties of the reaction products of this invention, typical rust test data and emulsion test data were obtained for mineral lubricating oil blends containing the reaction products described in the examples. Table I.
The mineral oil used in these tests was a blend of solvent-refined, Midcontinent residual stock with a solvent-refined, Midcontinent (Rodessa) distillate stock. It had a specific gravity of 0.872, a fiash point of 445 F., and a Saybolt Universal viscosity of 407.7 seconds at F. This mineral lubricating oil is suitable for use in steam turbines. Unless otherwise indicated in the tables, the test oils contained 0.2 per cent by weight of 2,6-di-t-butyl-4-methyl phenol and 0.1 per cent by weight of phenyl-a-naphthylamine, both well known anti-oxidants.
The test method used to distinguish the rusting characteristics of lubricating oil blends was the ASTM test D665-44T for determining Rust PreventingCharacteristics of Steam Turbine Oils in Presence of Water, in which synthetic sea water was used as well as distilled water. The
Pertinent test data are set forth in synthetic sea water contained 2.5 f chloride, 11 grams of magnesium chloride hexa hydrate, 4 grams of sodium sulfate, and 1.2 grams of calcium chloride per liter. in this test a rdrioal polished steel specimen is suspended and soaked in 30.0 cubic centimeters of the .oil under test at 140 F. for thirty minutes. cubic centimeters of synthetic sea water (or distilled water) are added and the mixture is stirred at 1000 R. P. M. After 48 hours, the steel specimen is removed and examined for evidence of rust on the portion of the specimen which hangs in the oil. In the tables, rust test results are given in terms of per cent of exposed metal surface which has rusted. The complete rusting which is evident when uninhibited base oils are tested is taken as 100 per cent.
The emulsion test used is the emulsion test for lubricating oils, Federal stock Catalog, sec- IV, quart 5, Federal Specifications TELL-791b,, February 19, 1942. in test method 320. 13., 40 cubic centimeters of oil and 40 cubic centimeters of emulsant in a 100-cubic centimeter graduated cylinder are stirred with a paddle at 1500 P. for 5 minutes, at 130 F. Separation of the emulsion is observed while the cylinder is kept at 130 F. The figures in the tables show the number of minutes at which there is no .continuous layer of emulsion between the oil and the emulsant, or the number of cubic centimeters of emulsion persisting at the .end of thirty minutes.
sirable emulsion characteristics to the oil. Some of these reaction products have poorer emulsion characteristics others. Accordingly, at some concentration the emulsion characteristics of the blend may not he desirabl In such an event, however, a demulsifyin a ent, of which several are well known :to the art, can be incorporated in the blend to improue the emulsion characteristics thereof. lit must be noted that the intermediate product of Example 2 was entirely incfieotiiae in preventing rusting in the presence .of sea water and that it was very unsatisfactory in the presence of distilled water. Likewise, the reaction product made with sue-.- cinic acid .anhydride (Example 23) was not satisfactory, demonstrating the necessity of the alkenyl group in the succinic acid anhydride molecule.
Erample 24 The rusting characteristics of amineral luhr eating oil containin the product of E amine 8 were rfurther tested, along with the oxid tion characteristics thereof, :hll means hi" the Test Method 13943-95517. In accordance awith this test, the oil and distilled water are placed in a large test tube, which is .maintamed a 20. F- A polished copper-iron catalyst coil :is inserted into the oil, but it does not extend into the water layer. Oxygen gas is .passed through the water and oil at the rate of :three liters per hour throughout the QOOO-hour test period. The test TABLE !R ust: Test, Ben. Reactants cent Metal g-3 1 22? Prod of Proportion Percent Rusted 1 ASAA/Inter- Cone.
e mediate in 011 S D D 1 so. ,ist. ist. 1 Fatty Acld Amme Water Water: Water N501 (UninhibitedOil)-.. -i 9 Oleic Diethanolamine Clo-12 1:,1 10 do ..-.do "Cum: 1.5:1 04-05 0.03 '18.. d0 do 1. 010-12 14921 0.05 '0. 02 17 .110 d0 010-12 221 0.05 0. 03 0. 02 8 r. Stearlc d0 .010-12 .221 0.05
0.03 0. 02 0.01 11 i d0 do Co-x 221 0.07 0. 02 .12 d0 ..d0 .i Cs-Pm. 2:1 0.05 0. 02 0.91 13" .do d0 Clo-12 1.411 0.05 0. 03 14 do .110 C1012 1:5:1 0.05 0.03 1. 8:1 0. 05 1.921 0.05 2:1 01 05 O. 01 .201 Caprylic do (210m .221 0:05 21 Dodecanoic do C o-12 2:1 (22 Oleic Diisopropanolamiue... 010-12 '2:1 0.075 2 d0 Diethanolamine None... 0.25 23 do do Suceiuic... 2:1 0.05
ASA'A is alkenyl suceinic acid anhydride.
From the .data set forth in the tables, .it will be apparent that good antirust characteristics are imparted to lubricating oils which contain the reaction products of the ,present invention. To be completely acceptable for use in a turbine oil, an additive, preferably, should not impart undesirable emulsion "characteristics thereto. It will be apparent from "the emulsion *test data given in the table thatpa's a-classy'the *reaction ,oil .uefined hereinbefor containing .hv weight 0.05 per oentof the prpduct qf Example 18,112 cent assent-bowl-4=meth ohenot and ll-. per .cent .phenyl-a-nanh hylam ne was not r s dized in this test as evidenc d bran -N- .Q .0.04. The catalyst coilshowed onlya 'fewsp ots of rust at the top ,thereof. -When"the il'is'tested without the -a'ntirust additive the catalyst coil -rusts withinasshort a periodoftime as twenty- *pro'cluctscf this inventiondo not impart unde- 7 *four hours.
. pOSeS.
, Example I PREvENTfoN OF ATMOSPHERIC CORROSION In order to evaluate the new reaction products as coatingcompounds for the prevention of atmospheric corrosion, a test was run as follows: Two polished steel specimens were coated with the reaction product of Example 11 by dipping them in a two per cent by weight solution of the product in benzene. Likewise, two additional specimens were coated with the reaction product of Example 19, and two more were coated with the reaction product of Example 18. Two other specimens were. left uncoated, as the controls. These-specimens were suspended in the chemical laboratory, exposed to the various vapors and fumes ordinarily found therein. After 24 hours of such exposure, none of the specimens showed visible signs of corrosion. Then, each specimen was immersed in distilled water for about seconds, by raising a separate beaker of distilled water under each one. After one hour this procedure was repeated. The control specimens showed a light surface rusting about five minutes after this treatment. The coated specimens remained free of corrosion. The immersion process was repeated (considering initial immersion time as zero) at 20, 22, 24, 26, 42, 44, 46, 48, and 50 hours. Considerable more rusting'was noted on the control specimens after each immersion, but, the coated specimens were still free of any trace of corrosion.
In the foregoing specific illustrative examples, the effectiveness of the reaction products for the prevention of rust in lubricated systems and for the prevention of atmospheric corrosion has been demonstrated. In addition to the use in turbine oils or as coating agents, these reaction products are utilizable for numerous pur- They can be added to a wide variety of vehicles to produce improved compositions. They can be dissolved in the vehicle or they can be dispersed therein, in the form of suspension or emulsions.
The vehicles can be liquids or plastics, the basic requirement being that they must be spreadable over metal surfaces. Spreading may be accomplished by immersion, flooding, spraying, brushing, trowelling, etc. Additionally, the vehicle should be substantially neutral. It can be oleaginous, i. e., substantially insoluble in water, or it can be aqueous. Aqueous vehicles include aqueous solutions of liquids, such as alcohol-water mixtures and the like. Oleaginous vehicles can be hydrocarbon materials, such as mineral oils and hydrocarbon solvents, or nonhydrocarbon materials, such as fatty oils and fats.
Non-limiting examples of suitable vehicles for the additives of this invention are mineral lubricating oils of all grades; gasolines and other light petroleum products, such as fuel oil; water, alcohols, such as ethanol isopropanol, butanol, cyclohexanol, methylcyclohexanol, octanol, decanol, dodecanol, hexadecanol, octadecanol, oleyl alcohol, benzyl .alcohol, etc.; phenols; glycols, such as ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, glycerol, etc.; ketones, such as acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, dipropyl ketone, cyclohexanone, etc.; keto alcohols, such as benzoin; ethers, such as diethyl ether, dipropyl ether, diethylene dioxide, dichloro diethyl ether,
diphenyl oxide, diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, ethylene glycol monobutyl ether, etc.;
neutral esters, such as ethyl acetate, butyl propionate, cresyl acetate, dodecyl acetate, ethyl maleate, butyl stearate, tridecyl phosphate, tributyl trithiophosphate, triamyl phosphite, etc.; petroleum waxes, such as slack wax and paraflin wax; natural waxes, such as carnauba wax, Japan wax, beeswax, etc.; natural fats and oils, such as sperm oil, tallow, cottonseed oil, castor oil, linseed oil, tung oil, soybean oil, oiticica oil, tar oil, oleo oil, etc.; hydrocarbons and. halogenated hydrocarbons, such as butanes, chlorinated hexanes, octanes, brominated decanes, dodecanes, Freon, eicosane, benzene, toluene, xylenes, cumene, indene, alkyl naphthalenes, etc.; greases; asphalts; chlorinated petroleum fractions, such as chlorowax; and paints, varnishes and the like.
As those skilled in the art Will readily appreciate, the applications of the compositions of the present invention are many. Lubricating oils of all types usually permit corrosion of metal surfaces. This poses a problem in the lubrication of all types of engines, particularly steam turbines. Lubricating oils containing the reaction products of this invention are efiectively inhibited against such corrosion. Diesel fuels containing these additives will have less tendency to corrode injection nozzles. Steam cylinder oils and cutting oils can be inhibited against corrosive tendencies by the addition thereto of these new additives, particularly the more emulsive types. Greases can be inhibited likewise. Additionally, the more emulsive products of this invention can be substituted in whole or in part, for the emulsifying agents commonly used in compounding greases, cutting oils, steam cylinder oils, etc. Hydraulic systems can be protected against corrosion by using hydraulic fluids containing the additives of the present invention.
The storage of infrequently used machinery, and the shipment and storage of metal shapes and metal parts, such as machined sewing machine parts or gun parts, present corrosion problems. Such corrosion can be prevented by treating them with slushing oils containing the additives of this invention, by coating them with organic solvent solutions or dispersions of these additives, such as the benzene solutions described hereinbefore, or by treating the surfaces thereof with dispersions of these additives in water. Corrosive tendencies of coolants and antifreeze solutions or mixtures, such as those used as coolants in internal combustion engines, can be reduced by addition thereto of the reaction products of this invention. Such antifreezes include water, alcohol-water, glycols, glycol-water, etc. When gasoline and other fuels are stored in drums or tanks, water often enters the storage space, as by breathing, and corrodes the inner surfaces thereof. This can be prevented through the use of the additives contemplated herein.
Relatively more permanent corrosion-preventive coatings can be produced by the application to metal surfaces of paints, and the like, containing the additives of this invention. Vehicles utilizable for this purpose are paints, varnishes, lacquers, drying oils, asphalt roofing compositions, and the like."
The amount of the reaction products which are added to a vehicle to produce a composition in accordance with this invention varies between about 0.01 per cent and about 50 per cent by weight,v depending on the specific use contemplated and on the specific reaction product selected. Generally, itis suificient to use an 1? amount varying between about 0.01 per cent and about per cent. However, smaller amounts, as low as about 0.005 per cent will be effective in some cases. Likewise, amounts up to as much as about 50 per cent are required when the vehicle contains resinous bodies, or when the reaction product is also used an an emulsifier, such as in a steam cylinder oil.
Other substances in addition to the reaction products of this invention can be added to the compositions contemplated herein to impart other desirable properties thereto. For example, there may be added antioxidants, pour point depressants, V. I. improvers, antidetonants, octane number improvers, emulsifiers, thinners, driers, etc.
Although the present invention has been described with preferred embodiments, it is to be understood that modifications may be resorted to without departing from the spirit and scope thereof, as those skilled in the art will readily understand. Such variations and modifications are considered to be within the purview and scope of the appended claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A corrosion-inhibiting composition which comprises a substantially neutral vehicle containing between about 0.01 per cent and about 50 per cent, by weight, of the final reaction product obtained by initially reacting a fatty acid containing at least about five carbon atoms per molecule with a dialkanolamine having between two and seven carbon atoms per alkanol radical, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 130 C. and about 160 C. to produce an intermediate product, and then reacting an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride with said intermediate product. in a molar proportion varying between about 1:1, respectively,
and about 2:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 110 C. and about 130 C.
2. The composition of claim 1, wherein said vehicle is an oleaginous vehicle.
3. The composition of claim 1, wherein vehicle is an aqueous vehicle.
4. The composition of claim 1, wherein vehicle is a non-hydrocarbon vehicle.
5. The composition of claim 1, wherein vehicle is a fatty oil vehicle.
6. The composition of claim 1, wherein vehicle is a hydrocarbon vehicle.
'7. The composition of claim 1. wherein said fatty acid contains between about 8 and about carbon atoms per molecule.
8. The composition of claim 7, wherein said dialkanolamine is a compound having the formula, HN CH2CHROH 2, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms and alkyl radicals.
9. The composition of claim 8, wherein said vehicle is a mineral lubricating oil.
10. A mineral lubricating oil containing between about 0.01 per cent and about per cent, by weight. of the final reaction product obtained by initially reacting stearic acid with diethanolamine, in a molar proportion of about 111, respectively at a temperature of between about 130 C. and about 160 C. to produce an intermediate product, and then reacting an alkenyl sucoinic acid anhydride, having between about ten and about twelve carbon atoms per alkenyl radical, with said intermediate product. in a molar proportion of about 2:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 110 C. and about 130 C.
11. A mineral lubricating oil containing besaid said
said
said
tween about 0.01 per cent and about 50 per cent. by weight, of the final reaction product obtained by initially reacting stearic acid with diethanolamine, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 130 C. and about 160 C. to produce an intermediate product, and then reacting an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride, having between about eight and about ten carbon atoms per alkenyl radical, with said intermediate product, in a molar proportion of about 2:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about C. and about C.
12. A mineral lubricating oil containing between about 0.01 per cent and about 50 per cent, by weight, of the final reaction product obtained by initially reacting oleic acid with diethanolamine, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 130 C. and about C. to produce an intermediate product, and then reacting an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride, having between about ten and about twelve carbon atoms per alkenyl radical, with said intermediate product, in a molar proportion of about 2:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 110 C. and about 130 C.
13. The final reaction product obtained by initially reacting a fatty acid containing at least about five carbon atoms per molecule with a dialkanolamine having between two and seven carbon atoms per alkanol radical, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 130 C. and about 160 C. to produce an intermediate product, and then reacting an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride with said intermediate product, in a molar proportion of between about 1:1, respectively, and about 2:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 110 C. and about 130 C.
14. The reaction product of claim 13, wherein said fatty acid contains between about 8 and about 30 carbon atoms per molecule.
15. The reaction product of claim 14, wherein said dialkanolamine is a compound having the formula, HN(CH2CHROH)2, wherein R is selected from the group consisting of hydrogen atoms and alkyl radicals.
16. The reaction product of claim 15, wherein said fatty acid is stearic acid.
1'7. The reaction product of claim 15, wherein said fatty acid is oleic acid.
18. The final reaction product obtained by initially reacting stearic acid with diethanolamine, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 130 C. and about 160 C. to produce a reaction product, and then reacting an alkenyl sucoinic acid anhydride, having between about ten and about twelve car bon atoms per alkenyl radical, with said intermediate product, in a molar proportion of about 2:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 110 C. and about 130 C.
19. The final reaction product obtained by initially reacting stearic acid with diethanolamine, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 130 C. and about 160 C. to produce an intermediate product, and then reacting an alkenyl succinic acid anhydride, having between about eight and about ten carbon atoms per alkenyl radical, with said intermediate product, in a molar proportion of about 2:1, respectively, at a temperature of between about 110 C. and about 130 C.
20. The final reaction product obtained by in- 19' itially reacting olic "acid with idiethan'olamine, in a molar proportion of about 1:1, respectively; at a, temperature .of between about 130. C. and
about 160 C; 'to produce an intermediate product, and. then reacting an alkenyl succinic acid ,an-
HENRY D. NQRRIS.
Number ase- 49 References time the "me 1653 'fiiif'bitfii" f UNITED STATES PA ENTS Name Wayne Dec. 17 1940 Robinson et a1 Apr.4, 1944 Blair Dec. 17,1946 Barber et a1. Oct. 11, 1949 Trigg et a1 Dec. (#1949

Claims (1)

1. A CORROSION-INHIBITING COMPOSITION WHICH COMPRISES A SUBSTANTIALLY NEUTRAL VEHICLE CONTAINING BETWEEN ABOUT 0.01 PER CENT AND ABOUT 50 PER CENT, BY WEIGHT, OF THE FINAL REACTION PRODUCT OBTAINED BY INITIALLY REACTING A FATTY ACID CONTAINING AT LEAST ABOUT FIVE CARBON ATOMS PER MOLECULE WITH A DIALKANOLAMINE HAVING BETWEEN TWO AND SEVEN CARBON ATOMS PER ALKANOL RADICAL, IN A MOLAR PROPORTION OF ABOUT 1:1, RESPECTIVELY, AT A TEMPERATURE OF BETWEEN ABOUT 130* C. AND ABOUT 160* C. TO PRODUCE AN INTERMEDIATE PRODUCT, AND THEN REACTING AN ALKENYL SUCCINIC ACID ANHYDRIDE WITH SAID INTERMEIDATE PRODUCT, IN A MOLAR PROPORTION VARYING BETWEEN ABOUT 1:1, RESPECTIVELY, AND ABOUT 2:1, RESPECTIVELY, AT A TEMPERATURE OF BETWEEN ABOUT 110* C. AND ABOUT 130* C.
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US2790779A (en) * 1953-07-27 1957-04-30 Geigy Chem Corp Rust preventive compositions containing monoamidocarboxylic acids
US2794000A (en) * 1954-11-15 1957-05-28 Nopco Chem Co Emulsifiable oil composition
US2849400A (en) * 1953-12-31 1958-08-26 California Research Corp Greases thickened with polyamido acid salts
US2849401A (en) * 1953-12-31 1958-08-26 California Research Corp Diamido acid salt grease thickeners
US2892854A (en) * 1954-09-29 1959-06-30 Tidewater Oil Company Hydraulic fluid and its preparation
US2934499A (en) * 1957-07-26 1960-04-26 California Research Corp Lubricating oils containing extreme pressure agents
US2944025A (en) * 1957-08-07 1960-07-05 Sinclair Refining Co Lubricating oil composition
US2977318A (en) * 1956-06-20 1961-03-28 Hagan Chemicals & Controls Inc Substituted amide inhibited acid compositions
US3037051A (en) * 1958-08-01 1962-05-29 Petrolite Corp Ester-amide-acid compounds
US3172853A (en) * 1965-03-09 Chs chj x c chax c chx
US3183070A (en) * 1961-04-28 1965-05-11 Standard Oil Co Rust inhibited oil containing aliphaticaminoalkylsuccinates
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US4954277A (en) * 1986-10-07 1990-09-04 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lactone modified, esterified or aminated additives useful in oleaginous compositions and compositions containing same
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US5135681A (en) * 1991-10-24 1992-08-04 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Substituted carboxymethoxysuccinic acid corrosion inhibitors
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US3172853A (en) * 1965-03-09 Chs chj x c chax c chx
US2790779A (en) * 1953-07-27 1957-04-30 Geigy Chem Corp Rust preventive compositions containing monoamidocarboxylic acids
US2790778A (en) * 1953-07-27 1957-04-30 Geigy Chem Corp Rust preventive compositions containing amidodicarboxylic acids
US2849400A (en) * 1953-12-31 1958-08-26 California Research Corp Greases thickened with polyamido acid salts
US2849401A (en) * 1953-12-31 1958-08-26 California Research Corp Diamido acid salt grease thickeners
US2892854A (en) * 1954-09-29 1959-06-30 Tidewater Oil Company Hydraulic fluid and its preparation
US2794000A (en) * 1954-11-15 1957-05-28 Nopco Chem Co Emulsifiable oil composition
US2977318A (en) * 1956-06-20 1961-03-28 Hagan Chemicals & Controls Inc Substituted amide inhibited acid compositions
US2934499A (en) * 1957-07-26 1960-04-26 California Research Corp Lubricating oils containing extreme pressure agents
US2944025A (en) * 1957-08-07 1960-07-05 Sinclair Refining Co Lubricating oil composition
US3037051A (en) * 1958-08-01 1962-05-29 Petrolite Corp Ester-amide-acid compounds
US3266877A (en) * 1958-09-08 1966-08-16 Atlas Chem Ind Fuel compositions
US3183070A (en) * 1961-04-28 1965-05-11 Standard Oil Co Rust inhibited oil containing aliphaticaminoalkylsuccinates
US3251853A (en) * 1962-02-02 1966-05-17 Lubrizol Corp Oil-soluble acylated amine
US3256187A (en) * 1963-05-17 1966-06-14 Socony Mobil Oil Co Inc Cutting fluid
US3367943A (en) * 1963-11-01 1968-02-06 Exxon Research Engineering Co Process for preparing oil soluble additives which comprises reacting a c2 to c5 alkylene oxide with (a) reaction product of an alkenylsuccinic anhydride and an aliphaticpolyamine (b) reaction product of alkenylsuccinic anhydride, a c1 to c30 aliphatic hydrocarbon carboxylic acid and an aliphatic polyamine
US3364000A (en) * 1964-11-12 1968-01-16 Petrolite Corp Petroleum distillate fuels containing ester-amide-acid compounds
US3447916A (en) * 1965-11-10 1969-06-03 Exxon Research Engineering Co Acylated polyesters,polyesteramides,or polyamides
US3502602A (en) * 1966-12-13 1970-03-24 Schering Ag Soluble unsaturated polyester amide resins
US4192769A (en) * 1978-05-12 1980-03-11 The Lubrizol Corporation Rust inhibitor additive compositions, method of making, and aqueous fluids containing the same
US4250042A (en) * 1979-04-16 1981-02-10 The Lubrizol Corporation Corrosion inhibition in well-drilling operations using aqueous systems containing ammonium carboxylates
US4243538A (en) * 1979-06-07 1981-01-06 Ethyl Corporation Fuel and lubricating compositions containing N-hydroxymethyl aliphatic hydrocarbylamide friction reducers
US4359556A (en) * 1981-06-05 1982-11-16 Gulf Oil Corporation Thermoplastic polyamide hot melt adhesive composition
US4568753A (en) * 1983-11-18 1986-02-04 Sanshin Kagaku Kogyo Co., Ltd. Rust-preventive agent
US4511366A (en) * 1983-12-16 1985-04-16 Ethyl Petroleum Additives, Inc. Liquid fuels and concentrates containing corrosion inhibitors
WO1987003003A1 (en) 1985-11-08 1987-05-21 The Lubrizol Corporation Fuel compositions
EP0388991A1 (en) * 1985-11-08 1990-09-26 The Lubrizol Corporation Fuel compositions
FR2623212A1 (en) * 1986-10-02 1989-05-19 Toyo Kohan Co Ltd POST-PROCESSING SOLUTION OF A PLATED STEEL SHEET FOR WELDING, AND METHOD FOR ITS APPLICATION
US4866140A (en) * 1986-10-07 1989-09-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lactone modified adducts or reactants and oleaginous compositions containing same
US4866141A (en) * 1986-10-07 1989-09-12 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lactone modified, esterfied or aminated additives useful in oleaginous compositions and compositions containing same
US4906394A (en) * 1986-10-07 1990-03-06 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lactone modified mono-or dicarboxylic acid based adduct dispersant compositions
US4954276A (en) * 1986-10-07 1990-09-04 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lactone modified adducts or reactants and oleaginous compositions containing same
US4954277A (en) * 1986-10-07 1990-09-04 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lactone modified, esterified or aminated additives useful in oleaginous compositions and compositions containing same
US5032320A (en) * 1986-10-07 1991-07-16 Exxon Chemical Patents Inc. Lactone modified mono- or dicarboxylic acid based adduct dispersant compositions
EP0326356A1 (en) * 1988-01-26 1989-08-02 Nippon Oil And Fats Company, Limited A method for improving cold flow of hydrocarbon fuel oils
US5156759A (en) * 1991-05-13 1992-10-20 Texaco Inc. High temperature compressor oil
US5773393A (en) * 1991-09-16 1998-06-30 The Lubrizol Corporation Oil compositions useful in hydraulic fluids
US5135681A (en) * 1991-10-24 1992-08-04 W. R. Grace & Co.-Conn. Substituted carboxymethoxysuccinic acid corrosion inhibitors
US5298636A (en) * 1992-09-23 1994-03-29 The Procter & Gamble Company Process for reducing the levels of unreacted amino polyol contaminants in polyhydroxy fatty acid amide surfactants
WO2007147559A1 (en) * 2006-06-19 2007-12-27 Dsm Ip Assets B.V. Air drying resin and composition
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