US2645223A - Injection device - Google Patents

Injection device Download PDF

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Publication number
US2645223A
US2645223A US211514A US21151451A US2645223A US 2645223 A US2645223 A US 2645223A US 211514 A US211514 A US 211514A US 21151451 A US21151451 A US 21151451A US 2645223 A US2645223 A US 2645223A
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ampule
medicament
valve
passage
chamber
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US211514A
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Errol R Lawshe
John H Smoot
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Becton Dickinson and Co
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Becton Dickinson and Co
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/30Syringes for injection by jet action, without needle, e.g. for use with replaceable ampoules or carpules
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/20Automatic syringes, e.g. with automatically actuated piston rod, with automatic needle injection, filling automatically
    • A61M5/2053Media being expelled from injector by pressurised fluid or vacuum
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M5/00Devices for bringing media into the body in a subcutaneous, intra-vascular or intramuscular way; Accessories therefor, e.g. filling or cleaning devices, arm-rests
    • A61M5/178Syringes
    • A61M5/24Ampoule syringes, i.e. syringes with needle for use in combination with replaceable ampoules or carpules, e.g. automatic
    • A61M5/2422Ampoule syringes, i.e. syringes with needle for use in combination with replaceable ampoules or carpules, e.g. automatic using emptying means to expel or eject media, e.g. pistons, deformation of the ampoule, or telescoping of the ampoule
    • A61M5/2429Ampoule syringes, i.e. syringes with needle for use in combination with replaceable ampoules or carpules, e.g. automatic using emptying means to expel or eject media, e.g. pistons, deformation of the ampoule, or telescoping of the ampoule by telescoping of ampoules or carpules with the syringe body

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a structurally and functionally improved injection device and especially an apparatus by means of which liquid medicament may be injected through the skin and into the underlying tissue without employing a skin and tissue-piercing needle; this application being a continuation of prior application, Serial No. 5,336, on Injection Device filed in the United States Patent Ofiice on January 30, 1948, and now abandoned.
  • Primary objects of this invention are to provide an injection apparatus in which hypodermic injections of various volumes may be achieved and in which, moreover, the velocity of the medicament-discharge will be substantially controlled and constant throughout the working cycle or stroke of the unit.
  • skin-penetrating pressures and velocities will be generated so that in effect all of a given dosage of medicament will be injected into the tissues.
  • a further object is that of providing an injection device which will achieve the foregoing results without the apparatus being large, heavy, complicated or otherwise incapable of ready manipulation.
  • Still further objects are those of providing a unit of this type in which it will not be necessary to compress springs,,to pump air, to provide a mixture to generate gas pressures or to employ an explosive charge to generate pressures in order to potentialize the device for operation. 'Moreover, the pressures on the medicament-containin unit or ampule will be controlled and equalized so that the danger of fracturing the latter will be reduced to a minimum. Even if a fracturing of this unit should occur, then-according to the teachings of the present invention-it will preferably be housed in a manner such that injury to the patient or attendant will be prevented.
  • An additional object is that of providing an apparatus of this type which will include relatively few parts, each individually simple and rugged in construction; these parts being capable of ready manfacture and assembly and when assembled operating over long periods of time with freedom from all difiieulties, aside from the fact that the apparatus maybe readily charged or loaded with medicament underproper antiseptic conditions. 7
  • Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus
  • Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof
  • Fig. 3 is a horizontal transverse sectional view taken along the lines 3'3 and in the direction of the arrows as indicated in Fig. 2;
  • Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but showing the parts in a difierent position
  • Fig. 5 shows an alternative structure
  • Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a further form of apparatus
  • Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 butshowing the parts in a different position; 7
  • Figs. 8 and 9 are horizontal transverse views taken respectively along the lines 88 and 99 of Fig. 6;
  • Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the unit but illustrating the parts in final position.
  • Fig. 11 is a sectional view through an alternative form of valve mechanism.-
  • the numeral l0 indicates the body of the device which may present'adjacent its upper end a flange threaded to mount a cap I l.v Disposed within the space defined by the cap is a flask containing gas under pressure.
  • gas there is meant any desired and proper material such as air, nitrogen or other substances suitable for the purposes herein intended.
  • C02. The unit 12 may be similar or, in eifect, identical with flasks as presently provided for various purposes, In accordance with structures of this nature it may have an initially sealed mouth or neck portion l3.
  • the body I) may mount a piercing cannula l4 extending into the space defined by cap II and in line with the sealed neck; such cannula being in communication with, or providing a passage liextending in the direction of a valve assembly within the body I0. While it is in many respects preferred to employ a flask of proper configuration to contain the gas under pressure, it is apparent that other motive sources involving fluid pressure might be employed. Therefore, except where otherwise stated in the claims, the present exemplifications are to be regarded in an illustrative sense.
  • valve assembly may take one of numerous diiferent forms.
  • Figs. 1 to 8 a valve mechanism has been somewhat schematically shown to illustrate the principles of operation which are involved.
  • Fig. 11 there has been shown a structure embodying the desired functions but which also embodies a design resisting to a maximum extent leakages which might occur under the pressures which will exist.
  • these valve assemblies should preferably embody certain definite functions hereinafter traversed and that in commercial 3 practice a substantially leak-proof structure should be present.
  • the valve involves a rotatable body I6 conveniently formed with a transverse passage I! and a laterally extending duct or passageportion I8. Conveniently, the valve is rotated by an actuator I9. It may have associated with it a detent structure which will serve to retain body I6 in one of two positions. These positions as indicated in former position of the valve has been shown in Figs. 2 and 6 while the latter position has been illustrated in Figs. 4 and '7. Before departing from a consideration of this portion of the structure, it will also be noted that a venting passage conveniently extends from the valve chamber to the exterior face of the body I0.
  • Formed within the body I0 is a cylinder 2
  • a loading cap 26 having screw threaded connection with the same.
  • the cap as in these figures, may mount a post or thrust portion 21 if an ampule of the typeshown in these figures is employed.
  • a cannula 28 which has its inner end pointed and at least the outer or lower end of which is sufficiently constricted to define a liquid column having a reduced cross section such that it may penetrate the skin without substantial injury or pain being inflicted.
  • the ampule or medicament containin cartridge may be formed of any suitable material such as metal, glass, or certain types of plastics. As shown, it includes a body 29 having a closed inner or upper end 30 of a dimension corresponding substantially to the outer end of the rod 24. Its outer or lower end may be closed by a piston type stopper 3I conveniently formed of rubber. The area of the stopper and the bore of the body 29 are such that the post or thrust portion 21 may readily be introduced into the same.
  • the latter has an orifice 34 of sufllciently. minute area that a properly fine jet of medicament will be dischargeable therefrom.
  • this unit 35 may be mounted by cap 33 and have a length such that it is capable of penetrating-the stopper Q! the ampule.
  • stopper has been indicated at 36 and is mounted in the lower end of the ampule or medicament-containing cartridge 31.
  • the upper or inner end of this cartridge is sealed by a movable piston type stopper 38 of an area such that it may cooperate with rod corresponding to the rod 24.
  • ampules or cartridges containing the medicament might take numerous different forms; .
  • the type of ampule employed the medicament
  • themedicament-containing chamber and the structure within and associated with the same might be varied in numerous different respects, and in certain instances the medicament might be di- Fig. 1 may be respectively Oil and On. The r rectly disposed within this chamber.
  • the physician or other operator in using this apparatus may first remove the cap 28 or 33 and in .troduce a proper cartridge or ampule into the space thus rendered accessible.
  • the caps may have therefore been sterilized.
  • the rods 24 With the ampules in process of being introduced, the rods 24 will be moved so that the pistons connected to the same will be retracted to a maximum extent within their cylinders. This will be permissible incident to the vent 25 which will allow the escape of displaced air or gas.
  • structures such as are illustrated are employed,
  • the operator will dispose a flask I2 within the cap II. Thereupon, by tightening the cap, the flask will be forced inwardly to a point at which the piercing cannula I4 penetrates the neck seal I3.
  • the device is now ready for operation. In such operation, the outer end of the unit is placed in contact with the skin at a point overlying the area to be injected.
  • both caps 26 and 33 are conveniently formed with a bulged portion 40 adjacent the mouths of their discharge orifices. Such bulged portions will assure, in effect, a sealing contact between the discharge end of the bore and the epidermis.
  • valve body I6 may be rotated that its passage II permits of a flow of gas from passage I5 to passage 23. With such flow, piston 22 will bejrapidly projected.
  • the parts may be so proportioned that the initial movement of the piston will cause a piercing of the seal or cap in the lower end of the ampule.
  • this projection will have the result that the ampule 28 will be broadly shifted and telescoped over the post or thrust portion 21. Due to the fact that the latter engages the stopper 3
  • 6 is shifted from the position shown in Fig. 4 (which illustrates a complete discharge of the parts) to the position shown in Fig. 2.
  • the passage I8 is in communication with passage 23 as well as vent 25.
  • a flow from passage I5 is prevented. Therefore, any pressures within cylinder 2
  • may contain medicament and present a closed end portion for cooperation with the rod 24.
  • the lower or outer end of this ampule is sealed by a piston type stopper 42.
  • the latter may conveniently be pierced by'a cannula 43 carried by a cap 44.
  • no post or thrust portion is in this form of apparatus carried by the cap.
  • the latter presents spacing lugs or projections 45 which extend inwardly and are spaced from each other a distance substantially equal to the diameter of the ampule body 4
  • the inner face of the bore adjacent the lower end of the body Ill presents a plurality of upwardly extending passages 45.
  • the surfaces between the passages 46 define a space such that the ampule body 4
  • valve l6 may be turned to open position. This will have the result that gas under pressure will flow from flask I2 and act against piston 22 to project the rod 24. With such projection, the parts are shifted from the position shown in Fig. 6 to that illustrated in Fig. 7. In the latter view, it will be apparent that the ampule 4
  • the gas under pressure will be free to flow past the plunger 24 and into the space below the lower or outer edge of the ampule. Consequently, the gas will now act against the Accordingly, air within the canexposed outer face of stopper 42. Accordingly the stopper will be forced rearwardly and function as a piston to expel the medicament within the ampule body through the cannula. At the limit of its movement, the stopper willoccupy a position such as has been shown in Fig. 10. In this position, it is apparent that substantially all of the medicament will have been expelled.
  • valve mechanism as shown and described in the preceding figures is somewhat schematic. As Will be understood, it performs the functional results desired. However, leakage might readily occur to such an extent that the flask l2 would be discharged after only a short interval and despite the fact thatthe apparatus had only been used for a few injections or even none at all. The latter condition would, of course, occur where a flask 12 was operatively associated with the device and then the device was laid aside. Under the circumstances, a flow or seepage would inevitably occur throughthe bore of the piercing cannula and past the surfaces of the valve IE to the outer atmosphere.
  • Fig. 11 represents in somewhat schematic manner a valve mechanism which will prevent substantial loss of gas pressures.
  • a single flask may be employed for a number of successive injections.
  • it will be unnecessary to be concerned about laying the apparatus to one side in fear that during its period of non-use substantial losses of pressure will occur.
  • the body In has a passage terminating in a transverse bore or passage 41.
  • This presents a valve seat with which a spring-pressed valve 48 cooperates.
  • One end of the passage 41 may be sealed against the escape of gas by a suitable packing assembly 49.
  • the opposite end may be similarly sealed by an assembly 50 through and beyond which a stem or actuator 5
  • a second transverse. passage 52 is conveniently disposed below passage 41 and also houses a springpressed valve 53 which cooperates with a valve seat portion of that passage.
  • the end of this passage beyond the valve may open to the outer atmosphere. Its opposite end is closed by a packing and sealing assembly 54.
  • a valve actuator or stem 55 extends through this assembly and beyond the same.
  • This element may terminate in a slotted outer end portion 56.
  • a passage 51 extends between passages 41 and 52. The latter is connected to passage [5. Fig 11 for the purpose of illustration, is also somewhat schematic. As will be understoodthe valves '43 and 53 sheuld be generally of the needle type.
  • a handle 58 may have secured to it a spring 59 which normally urges the handle in an outward direction.
  • This handle preferably presents a surface 60 aligned with the outer end of valve stem or actuator 5i and coop'erable therewith.
  • the handle may mount a pin 6
  • the resistance value of spring 59 is greater than the value of the spring cooperating with valve 53.
  • valve 48 With a construction such as the foregoing, it is apparent that with the parts in the positions shown, a flow of gas through the bore of cannula l4 and passage I5 is positively prevented by valve 48. Also, as shown, valve 53 will be in 'unseated position. Therefore if any leakage should occur from the flask past valve 48 such leakage will be vented to the atmosphere.
  • handle 58 is shifted inwardly, then pin GI will similarly shift. This will allow actuator 55 to move inwardly so that valve 53 seats 'under the action of its spring. Continued inward movement on the part of handle 58 will cause handle surface 69 to engage against the outer end of stem or actuator 5!. This will cause valve 48 to be moved to unseated position.
  • gas pressure may flow from the flask or other source through to the cylinder.
  • piston 22 will be projected.
  • the flow from the source of gas under pressure is interrupted.
  • is vented in that gas is now free to flow rearwardly through passage 15 into passage 52, past the unseated valve 53 and thus to the outer atmosphere.
  • the gas under pressure will normally urge valves 48 and 53 to seated positionsthus, making it possible to dispense with springs seating these valves-it is nevertheless preferred that these springs be employed.
  • a rapid initiation of valve seating is asserve to provide a number of successive injections.
  • medicament-containing cartridges o1 ampules may be employed. These will preferably each have a one-time use. In other words, after they are once discharged, they may be discarded.
  • the caps especially if the medicament be of the type which would tend to coagulate within the plug the bores of the cannulas or discharge orifices. Ordinarily however, with proper cleaning and sterilization, the caps may be employed a large number of times. It will be understood that while the cannulas have in each instance been shown as embracing a subs'tantially constant bore, this need not necessarily be so. In order to reduce undesired friction, merely the outer endfof the cannula or discharge orifice beyond the same may present such a restricted passage that the desired jet effect will be achieved.
  • valve mechanism For cleaning purposes it would in most instances be desirable-after r'emoving the ampuleto actuate the valve mechanism so the gas may flow through the bore of the cannula and beyond the outer end of the device. This would clear medicament from these parts and prevent a clogging of the same.
  • the medicament-containing cartridges or ampules may be of proper size to provide for a desired injection. Such injection may range from a fraction of a cubic centimeter up to several cubic centimeters without adding substantially to the bulk of weight of the unit in design. While for the purpose of illustration a relatively long ampule of restricted diameter has been'illustrated, it will be appreciated that a comparatively short and large diameter medicament-receiving chamber might be furnished. That chamber might directly receive the medicament although preferably it would receive an ampule of any proper type having a corresponding'length and diameter. Also, as will be apparent, the velocity of discharge will not substantially diminish during a working stroke.
  • the flask [2 will contain a suflicient body of gas under proper pressures that it will serve to provide for a number f successive injections.
  • the pressure developed is inadequate, a replacement flask may be readily applied.
  • the piston 22 may, in each instance, be larger than the rod 24. Consequently, the pressure exerted in expelling the medicament will be greater than the pressure of the gas flowing from the flask I2. If the area of the piston be twice that of the rod then (minus only frictional losses) twice the pressure will be exerted upon the medicament than the pressure of the gas which flows into the cylinder 2
  • a device for injecting liquid medicament so that it will penetrate the skin and underlying tissues without the use of a piercing needle comprising a body representing an ampule-receiving chamber, said body beingformed with a passage extending to saidchamber through which fluid under pressure may flow towards the same, means movable with respect to said body-so that the medicament in said ampule will be expressed from the latter as the-fluid under pressure so flows and said body being formed with a passage extending to a point adjacent said chamber so that pressure may be exerted by the fluid on certain of the ampule surfaces to tend to equalize thepressures'occurringwithin said ampule and related to the ejection of medicament therefrom.
  • A- device for injecting liquid medicament so that it will penetrate the skin and underlying tissues without the use of a-piercingneedle, said device comprising a body presenting an ampulereceivingchamber anda passage extending in the direction of said chamber, a valve assembly within said body and controlling the flow of fluid therethrough, means interposed between said passage and chamber whereby with fluid flowing through said passage, medicament will be ejected by said ampule and said body being formed with further passages for the flow of fluid into contact with the exterior surfaces of said ampule to equalize pressures within and exteriorly of said ampule as medicament is expressed from said ampule. ,7 v
  • a device for injecting fluid medicamentso that it will penetrate the skin'and underlying tissues without the use of a piercing needle comprising a body presenting an ampulereceiving chamber, a piercing cannula extending into said chamber and extendable through a stopper mounted by said ampule, said body being also formed with a cylinder to receive fluid under pressure, a piston movable within said cylinder and cooperable with said ampule to cause the cannula to pierce the stopper of the same and means for subsequently and automatically shiftincluding a body formed with'a chamber to reing said stopper within said ampule to express the medicament from within the latter.
  • a device for injecting fluid medicament so that it will penetrate the skin and; underlying tissues without the use of a piercing needle comprising a body presenting an ampulereceiving chamber, a piercing cannula extending into said chamber and extendable through a stopper mounted by said ampule, said body being also formed with a cylinder to receive fluid under pressure, a piston movable within said cylinder and cooperable with said ampule to cause the cannula to project the ampule and pierce the stopper, said body being formed with passages the flow through which is controlled by the movements of said piston, said passages extending to a point adjacent the end of the ampulereceiving chamber whereby when fluid flows through said passages after said ampule has been projected, the fluid will cooperate with the stopper carried by theampule to shift such stopper and express the medicament within the ampule.
  • a device for projecting medicament so that the medicament will penetrate the skin and be injected into underlying tissue without the aid of an epidermis-penetrating needle said device including a body formed with a chamber to receive a medicament-containing ampule, said body being also formed with a passage to conduct fluid under pressure, pressure transmitting means within said body and movable responsive to fluid under pressure flowing through said pasceive a medicament-containing ampule, said-body being also formed with a cylinder and a passage toconduct fluid thereto, a piston movable within said cylinder and acting upon an ampule within said chamber to project medicament therefrom and said body being formed withv a further. passage connectedto said first named, passage and cylinder to conduct fluid under pressure to said chamber to act upon the exterior surface of an ampule disposed therein.
  • -A device for projecting medicament so that the medicament will penetrate the skin and be injected intounderlying tissue-without the aid of an epidermis penetrating needle such device in, cluding a body providing a walled chamber to receive a medicament-containing ampule having less cross sectional area thanrthat of said chamber, said body being formed with a cylinder, a piston movable insaid cylinder to control the expulsion of medicament from an ampule contained in said chamber, means for controlling the movement of said piston and means whereby simultaneously with such movement the space intervening the walls of said chamber and an ampule contained therein will be subject to an increase in pressure such that the contained ampule will have its outer face pressure-supported to prevent a bursting of said ampule.
  • a body power means projectible within said body, means for controlling. the projection of said power means, said body providing a space to receive a medicament-containing ampule, said power means moving towards said space to expel the medicament from an ampule contained therein and means functioning simultaneously'with the projection of said power means for causing pressure to be exerted within said space and upon the outer face of an ampule contained therein for supporting said ampule against bursting.
  • an injection apparatus a body, power means projectible within said body, means for controlling the projecting of said power means, said body providing. a space to receive a medicament-containing ampule, said power means mov-- ing towards said space to expel the medicament from an ampule contained therein and said space being enlarged to provide for the accommodation of fluid to create. pressure against the outer face of an ampule contained therein and support said ampule against bursting and means whereby the operation of said controlling means causes fluid to create such pressure.
  • a hypodermic injection apparatus including in combination a body providing adjacent one of its ends an ampule-receiving chamber, a loading cap removably mounted by said body to close said chamber, a stopper-piercing cannula extending inwardly of said chamber and having its outer end terminating substantially in the plane of the outer cap face to define an injection oriflce, said body being formed with a bore extending into said chamber, a power projected rod 1 l movable through said bore towards said: chamber'and into cooperativeassociation with an ampule contained therein and manually controlled means extending beyond said body and connected to govern the movement of said rod.
  • a hypodermic injection apparatus as in claim 10 wherein said cannula is extendable through a stopper mounted by an ampule and wherein said chamber has dimensions suchthat an ampule may be projected-therein to causesuch piercing of the stopper, saidrod acting against said ampule to shift the latter within said chamber and cause an initial piercing of said stopper and a subsequent movement of the latter with respect to the ampule to express the medicament within such ampulethrough the bore of said cannula.
  • a hypodermic injection apparatus as defined: in claim 10 and comprising a thrust portion carried by said loading cap and extending 13.
  • a hypodermic injection apparatus as in claim 10'v in which said body-provides a cylinder beyond said bore, av piston. moveable within said cylinder and connected to said rod and said manual'lycontrolled means comprises a. valve for governing the flow-of'fluid: under pressure to said cylinder.
  • a hypodermic injection apparatus in which said body is formed with a passage within which said valve is interposedand is also formed with a flask-receiving space connected to said passage, flask-piercing means mounted by the body and extendinginto said space and a cap movablymounted by'said body to urge a flask in the direction of said piercing-means.

Description

E. R. LAWSHE ETAL 2,645,223
July 14, 1953 INJECTION DEVICE 2 "Sheets-Sheet 1,
OriginaPFiled Jan. 30, 1948 w I I I INV 1012.9 [PM] if? git 5k! Dam/M K L zrrrllrllllllllrldrrdz y joint 12 Juan} July 14, 1953 E. "R. LAWSHE ETA;
"INJECTION DEVICE Original Filed Jan. 30, 1948 ZSheets-She'dt 2 TORS- [570/1]? lamas/w .lafin 51000 l7 TTORIVEYS Patented July 14, 1953 7 INJECTION DEVICE Errol R. Lawshe, Ridgewood, N. J., and John H. Smoot, Darien, Conn., assignors to Becton Dickinson and Company, Rutherford, N. J., a corporation of New Jersey Continuation of application Serial No. 5,336, January 30, 1948. This application February 17, 1951, Serial No. 211,514
Claims. (01. 128-173) This invention relates to a structurally and functionally improved injection device and especially an apparatus by means of which liquid medicament may be injected through the skin and into the underlying tissue without employing a skin and tissue-piercing needle; this application being a continuation of prior application, Serial No. 5,336, on Injection Device filed in the United States Patent Ofiice on January 30, 1948, and now abandoned.
Primary objects of this invention are to provide an injection apparatus in which hypodermic injections of various volumes may be achieved and in which, moreover, the velocity of the medicament-discharge will be substantially controlled and constant throughout the working cycle or stroke of the unit. Thus, skin-penetrating pressures and velocities will be generated so that in effect all of a given dosage of medicament will be injected into the tissues.
A further object is that of providing an injection device which will achieve the foregoing results without the apparatus being large, heavy, complicated or otherwise incapable of ready manipulation.
Still further objects are those of providing a unit of this type in which it will not be necessary to compress springs,,to pump air, to provide a mixture to generate gas pressures or to employ an explosive charge to generate pressures in order to potentialize the device for operation. 'Moreover, the pressures on the medicament-containin unit or ampule will be controlled and equalized so that the danger of fracturing the latter will be reduced to a minimum. Even if a fracturing of this unit should occur, then-according to the teachings of the present invention-it will preferably be housed in a manner such that injury to the patient or attendant will be prevented.
An additional object is that of providing an apparatus of this type which will include relatively few parts, each individually simple and rugged in construction; these parts being capable of ready manfacture and assembly and when assembled operating over long periods of time with freedom from all difiieulties, aside from the fact that the apparatus maybe readily charged or loaded with medicament underproper antiseptic conditions. 7
With these and other objects in mind, reference is had to the attached sheet of drawings illustrating practical embodiments of the invention and in which:
Fig. 1 is a side elevation of the apparatus;
Fig. 2 is a longitudinal sectional view thereof;
ill
2 Fig. 3 is a horizontal transverse sectional view taken along the lines 3'3 and in the direction of the arrows as indicated in Fig. 2;
Fig. 4 is a view similar to Fig. 2 but showing the parts in a difierent position;
Fig. 5 shows an alternative structure;
Fig. 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of a further form of apparatus;
Fig. 7 is a view similar to Fig. 6 butshowing the parts in a different position; 7
Figs. 8 and 9 are horizontal transverse views taken respectively along the lines 88 and 99 of Fig. 6;
Fig. 10 is a sectional view of the unit but illustrating the parts in final position; and
Fig. 11 is a sectional view through an alternative form of valve mechanism.-
In these views, the numeral l0 indicates the body of the device which may present'adjacent its upper end a flange threaded to mount a cap I l.v Disposed within the space defined by the cap is a flask containing gas under pressure. By'the expression gas there is meant any desired and proper material such as air, nitrogen or other substances suitable for the purposes herein intended. In many respects it is preferred to employ C02. The unit 12 may be similar or, in eifect, identical with flasks as presently provided for various purposes, In accordance with structures of this nature it may have an initially sealed mouth or neck portion l3. The body I!) may mount a piercing cannula l4 extending into the space defined by cap II and in line with the sealed neck; such cannula being in communication with, or providing a passage liextending in the direction of a valve assembly within the body I0. While it is in many respects preferred to employ a flask of proper configuration to contain the gas under pressure, it is apparent that other motive sources involving fluid pressure might be employed. Therefore, except where otherwise stated in the claims, the present exemplifications are to be regarded in an illustrative sense.
The valve assembly may take one of numerous diiferent forms. In Figs. 1 to 8 a valve mechanism has been somewhat schematically shown to illustrate the principles of operation which are involved. In Fig. 11 there has been shown a structure embodying the desired functions but which also embodies a design resisting to a maximum extent leakages which might occur under the pressures which will exist. Thus, it will be understood that these valve assemblies should preferably embody certain definite functions hereinafter traversed and that in commercial 3 practice a substantially leak-proof structure should be present.
Referring to Figs. 1 to 4 it will be seen that the valve involves a rotatable body I6 conveniently formed with a transverse passage I! and a laterally extending duct or passageportion I8. Conveniently, the valve is rotated by an actuator I9. It may have associated with it a detent structure which will serve to retain body I6 in one of two positions. These positions as indicated in former position of the valve has been shown in Figs. 2 and 6 while the latter position has been illustrated in Figs. 4 and '7. Before departing from a consideration of this portion of the structure, it will also be noted that a venting passage conveniently extends from the valve chamber to the exterior face of the body I0.
Formed within the body I0 is a cylinder 2|. Within the latter a piston 22 may reciprocate; it being noted that a passage 23 affords. communication between this cylinder and the valve chamber. While not shown, the lower. ends of the several illustrated cylinders may be vented. From the piston 22, an actuating rod 24 may extend downwardly through the cylinder and into a chamber which is conveniently occupied by an ampule or medicament-containing cartridge.
An access to the ample-containing portion or chamber of the apparatus may be had through the lower end of the unit. That lower end will normally be sealed, as in Figs. 2 and 4, by a loading cap 26 having screw threaded connection with the same. The cap, as in these figures, may mount a post or thrust portion 21 if an ampule of the typeshown in these figures is employed. In such event, there preferably extends through the thrust portion a cannula 28 which has its inner end pointed and at least the outer or lower end of which is sufficiently constricted to define a liquid column having a reduced cross section such that it may penetrate the skin without substantial injury or pain being inflicted.
With regards to the ampule or medicament containin cartridge, the latter may be formed of any suitable material such as metal, glass, or certain types of plastics. As shown, it includes a body 29 having a closed inner or upper end 30 of a dimension corresponding substantially to the outer end of the rod 24. Its outer or lower end may be closed by a piston type stopper 3I conveniently formed of rubber. The area of the stopper and the bore of the body 29 are such that the post or thrust portion 21 may readily be introduced into the same.
, In the form of structure shown in Fig. 5, the lower end of body 32 corresponding to thelower end of body [0, mounts a loading cap or closure portion 33. The latter has an orifice 34 of sufllciently. minute area that a properly fine jet of medicament will be dischargeable therefrom. If a piercing cannula is employed, then this unit 35 may be mounted by cap 33 and have a length such that it is capable of penetrating-the stopper Q! the ampule. Such stopper has been indicated at 36 and is mounted in the lower end of the ampule or medicament-containing cartridge 31. The upper or inner end of this cartridge is sealed by a movable piston type stopper 38 of an area such that it may cooperate with rod corresponding to the rod 24.
At this time, it is to be understood that the ampules or cartridges containing ,the medicament might take numerous different forms; .According to the type of ampule employed, the
structure of the outer or discharge end of the apparatus might be designed to cooperate with the medicament-containing element to best advantage. Therefore, except where otherwise ,indicated in the appended claims, themedicament-containing chamber and the structure within and associated with the same might be varied in numerous different respects, and in certain instances the medicament might be di- Fig. 1 may be respectively Oil and On. The r rectly disposed within this chamber.
In any event, it will be understood that the physician or other operator in using this apparatus, may first remove the cap 28 or 33 and in .troduce a proper cartridge or ampule into the space thus rendered accessible. In such introduction, .it will be initially understood that the caps may have therefore been sterilized. With the ampules in process of being introduced, the rods 24 will be moved so that the pistons connected to the same will be retracted to a maximum extent within their cylinders. This will be permissible incident to the vent 25 which will allow the escape of displaced air or gas. Also, if structures such as are illustrated are employed,
.it will be understood that if the caps are fully applied to the bodies the proportion of the several parts is such that the cannulas will pierce the stoppers 3| or 36. With the caps reaching fully seated positions, a suflicient movement of the parts may be assured so that medicament will flow through the bores of the cannulas or other discharge orifices. In this manner all air will be expelled from the medicament-conducting discharge passages or orifices. V
Preferably at this time, the operator will dispose a flask I2 within the cap II. Thereupon, by tightening the cap, the flask will be forced inwardly to a point at which the piercing cannula I4 penetrates the neck seal I3. The device is now ready for operation. In such operation, the outer end of the unit is placed in contact with the skin at a point overlying the area to be injected. As will be observed, both caps 26 and 33 are conveniently formed with a bulged portion 40 adjacent the mouths of their discharge orifices. Such bulged portions will assure, in effect, a sealing contact between the discharge end of the bore and the epidermis.
, Now, by employing the actuator I9, the valve body I6 may be rotated that its passage II permits of a flow of gas from passage I5 to passage 23. With such flow, piston 22 will bejrapidly projected. Although not ordinarily desirable, the parts may be so proportioned that the initial movement of the piston will cause a piercing of the seal or cap in the lower end of the ampule. In any event, as in Figs. 2 and 4, this projection will have the result that the ampule 28 will be broadly shifted and telescoped over the post or thrust portion 21. Due to the fact that the latter engages the stopper 3|, that stopper will during such movement shift inwardly towards the base or closed, end portion 30 of the ampule. Therefore, it will act as a piston to express medicament at high velocity through the bore of cannula 28.
With thedischarge end of the cannula or other discharge orifice being of sufiiciently small cross section, the desired injection will be achieved.
Ordinarily, with an apparatus such as the present, the entire contents of the ampule will be discharged in a single working stroke. It would, of course, be feasible to shift the actuator I9 and valve I6 so that only a portion of the ampule contents are discharged. This, however, would ordinarily be difficultin view ofv the rapidity with which the piston 22 and .the parts connected therewith will move. Regardless, however, of whether a complete or partial discharge has been effected, it will be understood that if it is desired to return the parts to their initial position, the
valve body |6 is shifted from the position shown in Fig. 4 (which illustrates a complete discharge of the parts) to the position shown in Fig. 2. In the latter position, the passage I8 is in communication with passage 23 as well as vent 25. A flow from passage I5 is prevented. Therefore, any pressures within cylinder 2| will be relieved due to the fact that gas may escape through the vent occur at high velocity and with the orifice being sufliciently fine, the desired results will be achieved.
The construction and operation of the apparatus shown in Figs. 6 to 10 inclusive, is similar to that heretofore described. Again in this structure, a suitable ampule indicated at 4| may contain medicament and present a closed end portion for cooperation with the rod 24. The lower or outer end of this ampuleis sealed by a piston type stopper 42. The latter may conveniently be pierced by'a cannula 43 carried by a cap 44. However, no post or thrust portion is in this form of apparatus carried by the cap.
The latter presents spacing lugs or projections 45 which extend inwardly and are spaced from each other a distance substantially equal to the diameter of the ampule body 4|. The inner face of the bore adjacent the lower end of the body Ill presents a plurality of upwardly extending passages 45. The surfaces between the passages 46 define a space such that the ampule body 4| may be received therein. Therefore, with the cap 44 removed, the apparatus may receive a medicament cartridge or ampule in a manner similar to the structures heretofore described. Thereupon, the cap may be reapplied. With such reapplication, the rear end of the cannula Will pierce the stopper 42 and thus be filled with medicament. nula bore will be expelled.
If the apparatus is now brought into operative relationship with the surface of a patients skin, the valve l6 may be turned to open position. This will have the result that gas under pressure will flow from flask I2 and act against piston 22 to project the rod 24. With such projection, the parts are shifted from the position shown in Fig. 6 to that illustrated in Fig. 7. In the latter view, it will be apparent that the ampule 4| has shifted outwardly to a point at which its edge engages the abutments or projections 45. Under these circumstances, the cannula is fully projected into the ampule. Also, as shown in the latter view, the piston 22 will-with full projection-clear the upper ends of the passages 46.
Therefore, the gas under pressure will be free to flow past the plunger 24 and into the space below the lower or outer edge of the ampule. Consequently, the gas will now act against the Accordingly, air within the canexposed outer face of stopper 42. Accordingly the stopper will be forced rearwardly and function as a piston to expel the medicament within the ampule body through the cannula. At the limit of its movement, the stopper willoccupy a position such as has been shown in Fig. 10. In this position, it is apparent that substantially all of the medicament will have been expelled.
Aside from the simplicity of construction and operation inherent in apparatus such as is shown in Figs. 6 to 10, it will be apparent that pressures exteriorly' and interiorly of the ampule will equalize to an even greater extent than is the case in the structure shown in Figs. 1 to 5. More particularly, with gas being free to flow downwardly through passages 46, that gas will act against the exterior faces of the ampule simultaneously with the creationof internal pressures incident to the movement of stopper 42. In other words, the pressures will be equalized in a manner such that danger of fracturing of the ampule (especially if it is of glass) is reduced to a minimum. Should, however, such fracturing o'ccur, then it will be obvious that in all forms of the device the ampule is housed in a manner such that no injury will occur to the users or damage to the apparatus.
The valve mechanism as shown and described in the preceding figures is somewhat schematic. As Will be understood, it performs the functional results desired. However, leakage might readily occur to such an extent that the flask l2 would be discharged after only a short interval and despite the fact thatthe apparatus had only been used for a few injections or even none at all. The latter condition would, of course, occur where a flask 12 was operatively associated with the device and then the device was laid aside. Under the circumstances, a flow or seepage would inevitably occur throughthe bore of the piercing cannula and past the surfaces of the valve IE to the outer atmosphere. This is obviously to be prevented if possible in that the cost of injections would be materially increased if a flask were unnecessarily discharged. With this in mind, Fig. 11 represents in somewhat schematic manner a valve mechanism which will prevent substantial loss of gas pressures. A single flask may be employed for a number of successive injections. Also, it will be unnecessary to be concerned about laying the apparatus to one side in fear that during its period of non-use substantial losses of pressure will occur.
Thus, as shown in' this view, the body In has a passage terminating in a transverse bore or passage 41. This presents a valve seat with which a spring-pressed valve 48 cooperates. One end of the passage 41 may be sealed against the escape of gas by a suitable packing assembly 49. The opposite end may be similarly sealed by an assembly 50 through and beyond which a stem or actuator 5| for the valve 48 extends. A second transverse. passage 52 is conveniently disposed below passage 41 and also houses a springpressed valve 53 which cooperates with a valve seat portion of that passage. The end of this passage beyond the valve may open to the outer atmosphere. Its opposite end is closed by a packing and sealing assembly 54. A valve actuator or stem 55 extends through this assembly and beyond the same. This element may terminate in a slotted outer end portion 56. A passage 51 extends between passages 41 and 52. The latter is connected to passage [5. Fig 11 for the purpose of illustration, is also somewhat schematic. As will be understoodthe valves '43 and 53 sheuld be generally of the needle type.
Their seats should be of a nature such that in efiect a lin'e seal is provided. In this manner despite high pressures, effective seals will be furnished and the valves may be shifted from their seats with minimum effort. Valve actuation may also be achieved by a simpler form of a'tuating assembly than has been illustrated.
A handle 58 may have secured to it a spring 59 which normally urges the handle in an outward direction. This handle preferably presents a surface 60 aligned with the outer end of valve stem or actuator 5i and coop'erable therewith. Moreover, the handle may mount a pin 6| riding within the slot of the outer end portion 56 of actuator 55. The resistance value of spring 59 is greater than the value of the spring cooperating with valve 53.
With a construction such as the foregoing, it is apparent that with the parts in the positions shown, a flow of gas through the bore of cannula l4 and passage I5 is positively prevented by valve 48. Also, as shown, valve 53 will be in 'unseated position. Therefore if any leakage should occur from the flask past valve 48 such leakage will be vented to the atmosphere. When now, handle 58 is shifted inwardly, then pin GI will similarly shift. This will allow actuator 55 to move inwardly so that valve 53 seats 'under the action of its spring. Continued inward movement on the part of handle 58 will cause handle surface 69 to engage against the outer end of stem or actuator 5!. This will cause valve 48 to be moved to unseated position. Accordingly, gas pressure may flow from the flask or other source through to the cylinder. Thus, piston 22 will be projected. With the release of the handle, the flow from the source of gas under pressure is interrupted. Likewise, the cylinder 2| is vented in that gas is now free to flow rearwardly through passage 15 into passage 52, past the unseated valve 53 and thus to the outer atmosphere. While with the parts aligned as illustrated, the gas under pressure will normally urge valves 48 and 53 to seated positionsthus, making it possible to dispense with springs seating these valves-it is nevertheless preferred that these springs be employed. By utilizing them, a rapid initiation of valve seating is asserve to provide a number of successive injections. Also, considerable periods of time may intervene between these injections without a substantial loss of pressures. In each instance, with the release of the handle 58 or the equivalent actuator, it is entirely feasible to remove the cap or otherwise gain access to the medicamentreceiving chamber without the rod being forcibly maintained in projected position by the gas pressures or without having any pressures within the medicament-receiving chamber as in Figs. 1 to 10. Therefore, the discharged ampule may be readily removed, a new ampule may be inserted and the plunger and piston may be freely retracted with such insertion. Thereupon, the apparatus is again ready for use.
As afore brought out, various types of medicament-containing cartridges o1 ampules may be employed. These will preferably each have a one-time use. In other words, after they are once discharged, they may be discarded. The
same may be true "of the caps especially if the medicament be of the type which would tend to coagulate within the plug the bores of the cannulas or discharge orifices. Ordinarily however, with proper cleaning and sterilization, the caps may be employed a large number of times. It will be understood that while the cannulas have in each instance been shown as embracing a subs'tantially constant bore, this need not necessarily be so. In order to reduce undesired friction, merely the outer endfof the cannula or discharge orifice beyond the same may present such a restricted passage that the desired jet effect will be achieved. For cleaning purposes it would in most instances be desirable-after r'emoving the ampuleto actuate the valve mechanism so the gas may flow through the bore of the cannula and beyond the outer end of the device. This would clear medicament from these parts and prevent a clogging of the same.
As is apparent, the medicament-containing cartridges or ampules may be of proper size to provide for a desired injection. Such injection may range from a fraction of a cubic centimeter up to several cubic centimeters without adding substantially to the bulk of weight of the unit in design. While for the purpose of illustration a relatively long ampule of restricted diameter has been'illustrated, it will be appreciated that a comparatively short and large diameter medicament-receiving chamber might be furnished. That chamber might directly receive the medicament although preferably it would receive an ampule of any proper type having a corresponding'length and diameter. Also, as will be apparent, the velocity of discharge will not substantially diminish during a working stroke. Moreover, the flask [2 will contain a suflicient body of gas under proper pressures that it will serve to provide for a number f successive injections. When the pressure developed is inadequate, a replacement flask may be readily applied. As shown the piston 22 may, in each instance, be larger than the rod 24. Consequently, the pressure exerted in expelling the medicament will be greater than the pressure of the gas flowing from the flask I2. If the area of the piston be twice that of the rod then (minus only frictional losses) twice the pressure will be exerted upon the medicament than the pressure of the gas which flows into the cylinder 2|. This .will be true of the structures shown in Figs. 1
m5 inclusive. Thus, it is obvious that by properly proportioning the parts, virtually any desired pressures may be created for the expulsion of the medicament despite the fact that under normal temperatures the gas in a fresh flask 12 may merely be between 800 and 900 pounds of pressure per square inch. While the present apparatus has been described in use as being placed in contact or immediately adjacent the skin surface. it will be understood that if it should prove desirable to space the injectionorifice from such surface this might readily be done. Thus, among others, the several objects of the nvention as afore specified are achieved. Obviously, numerous changes in constructions and rearrangements of the parts might be resorted to w thout departingfrom the spirit of the invention as defined by the claims.
Whatwe claim is:
1. A device for injecting liquid medicament so that it will penetrate the skin and underlying tissues without the use of a piercing needle, said device comprising a body representing an ampule-receiving chamber, said body beingformed with a passage extending to saidchamber through which fluid under pressure may flow towards the same, means movable with respect to said body-so that the medicament in said ampule will be expressed from the latter as the-fluid under pressure so flows and said body being formed with a passage extending to a point adjacent said chamber so that pressure may be exerted by the fluid on certain of the ampule surfaces to tend to equalize thepressures'occurringwithin said ampule and related to the ejection of medicament therefrom.
2.,A- device for injecting liquid medicament so that it will penetrate the skin and underlying tissues without the use of a-piercingneedle, said device comprising a body presenting an ampulereceivingchamber anda passage extending in the direction of said chamber, a valve assembly within said body and controlling the flow of fluid therethrough, means interposed between said passage and chamber whereby with fluid flowing through said passage, medicament will be ejected by said ampule and said body being formed with further passages for the flow of fluid into contact with the exterior surfaces of said ampule to equalize pressures within and exteriorly of said ampule as medicament is expressed from said ampule. ,7 v
3. A device for injecting fluid medicamentso that it will penetrate the skin'and underlying tissues without the use of a piercing needle, said device comprising a body presenting an ampulereceiving chamber, a piercing cannula extending into said chamber and extendable through a stopper mounted by said ampule, said body being also formed with a cylinder to receive fluid under pressure, a piston movable within said cylinder and cooperable with said ampule to cause the cannula to pierce the stopper of the same and means for subsequently and automatically shiftincluding a body formed with'a chamber to reing said stopper within said ampule to express the medicament from within the latter.
4. A device for injecting fluid medicament so that it will penetrate the skin and; underlying tissues without the use of a piercing needle, said device comprising a body presenting an ampulereceiving chamber, a piercing cannula extending into said chamber and extendable through a stopper mounted by said ampule, said body being also formed with a cylinder to receive fluid under pressure, a piston movable within said cylinder and cooperable with said ampule to cause the cannula to project the ampule and pierce the stopper, said body being formed with passages the flow through which is controlled by the movements of said piston, said passages extending to a point adjacent the end of the ampulereceiving chamber whereby when fluid flows through said passages after said ampule has been projected, the fluid will cooperate with the stopper carried by theampule to shift such stopper and express the medicament within the ampule.
5. A device for projecting medicament so that the medicament will penetrate the skin and be injected into underlying tissue without the aid of an epidermis-penetrating needle, said device including a body formed with a chamber to receive a medicament-containing ampule, said body being also formed with a passage to conduct fluid under pressure, pressure transmitting means within said body and movable responsive to fluid under pressure flowing through said pasceive a medicament-containing ampule, said-body being also formed with a cylinder and a passage toconduct fluid thereto, a piston movable within said cylinder and acting upon an ampule within said chamber to project medicament therefrom and said body being formed withv a further. passage connectedto said first named, passage and cylinder to conduct fluid under pressure to said chamber to act upon the exterior surface of an ampule disposed therein.
7. -A device for projecting medicament so that the medicament will penetrate the skin and be injected intounderlying tissue-without the aid of an epidermis penetrating needle, such device in, cluding a body providing a walled chamber to receive a medicament-containing ampule having less cross sectional area thanrthat of said chamber, said body being formed with a cylinder, a piston movable insaid cylinder to control the expulsion of medicament from an ampule contained in said chamber, means for controlling the movement of said piston and means whereby simultaneously with such movement the space intervening the walls of said chamber and an ampule contained therein will be subject to an increase in pressure such that the contained ampule will have its outer face pressure-supported to prevent a bursting of said ampule.
'8. In an injection apparatus a body, power means projectible within said body, means for controlling. the projection of said power means, said body providing a space to receive a medicament-containing ampule, said power means moving towards said space to expel the medicament from an ampule contained therein and means functioning simultaneously'with the projection of said power means for causing pressure to be exerted within said space and upon the outer face of an ampule contained therein for supporting said ampule against bursting.
9. In an injection apparatus [a body, power means projectible within said body, means for controlling the projecting of said power means, said body providing. a space to receive a medicament-containing ampule, said power means mov-- ing towards said space to expel the medicament from an ampule contained therein and said space being enlarged to provide for the accommodation of fluid to create. pressure against the outer face of an ampule contained therein and support said ampule against bursting and means whereby the operation of said controlling means causes fluid to create such pressure.
10. A hypodermic injection apparatus including in combination a body providing adjacent one of its ends an ampule-receiving chamber, a loading cap removably mounted by said body to close said chamber, a stopper-piercing cannula extending inwardly of said chamber and having its outer end terminating substantially in the plane of the outer cap face to define an injection oriflce, said body being formed with a bore extending into said chamber, a power projected rod 1 l movable through said bore towards said: chamber'and into cooperativeassociation with an ampule contained therein and manually controlled means extending beyond said body and connected to govern the movement of said rod.
11-. A hypodermic injection apparatus as in claim 10 wherein said cannula is extendable through a stopper mounted by an ampule and wherein said chamber has dimensions suchthat an ampule may be projected-therein to causesuch piercing of the stopper, saidrod acting against said ampule to shift the latter within said chamber and cause an initial piercing of said stopper and a subsequent movement of the latter with respect to the ampule to express the medicament within such ampulethrough the bore of said cannula.
12. A hypodermic injection apparatus as defined: in claim 10 and comprising a thrust portion carried by said loading cap and extending 13. Aninjection apparatus as specified in claim 12 and including.- means whereby, simultaneously 12 with themovement of'the stopperwithrespect-to an ampule body, pressure is exerted against the outer facevofthe latter to. prevent a bursting of the-same.
14. A hypodermic injection apparatus as in claim 10'v in which said body-provides a cylinder beyond said bore, av piston. moveable within said cylinder and connected to said rod and said manual'lycontrolled means comprises a. valve for governing the flow-of'fluid: under pressure to said cylinder.
15. A hypodermic injection apparatus according: to claim 14' in which said body is formed with a passage within which said valve is interposedand is also formed with a flask-receiving space connected to said passage, flask-piercing means mounted by the body and extendinginto said space and a cap movablymounted by'said body to urge a flask in the direction of said piercing-means.
ERROL R. LAWSHE. JOHN H. SMOOT:
UNITED STATES. PATENTS
US211514A 1951-02-17 1951-02-17 Injection device Expired - Lifetime US2645223A (en)

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