US2719515A - Valve gear mechanism - Google Patents

Valve gear mechanism Download PDF

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US2719515A
US2719515A US207463A US20746351A US2719515A US 2719515 A US2719515 A US 2719515A US 207463 A US207463 A US 207463A US 20746351 A US20746351 A US 20746351A US 2719515 A US2719515 A US 2719515A
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Prior art keywords
push rod
valve
piston
gear mechanism
tappet
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US207463A
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Martin D Archangeli
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Eaton Corp
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Eaton Manufacturing Co
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L1/00—Valve-gear or valve arrangements, e.g. lift-valve gear
    • F01L1/20—Adjusting or compensating clearance
    • F01L1/22—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically
    • F01L1/24—Adjusting or compensating clearance automatically, e.g. mechanically by fluid means, e.g. hydraulically
    • F01L1/245—Hydraulic tappets
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49636—Process for making bearing or component thereof
    • Y10T29/49643—Rotary bearing
    • Y10T29/49679—Anti-friction bearing or component thereof
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/4984—Retaining clearance for motion between assembled parts
    • Y10T29/49845—Retaining clearance for motion between assembled parts by deforming interlock
    • Y10T29/49853—Retaining clearance for motion between assembled parts by deforming interlock of sphere, i.e., ball, in socket
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
    • Y10T29/4984—Retaining clearance for motion between assembled parts
    • Y10T29/49845—Retaining clearance for motion between assembled parts by deforming interlock
    • Y10T29/49853—Retaining clearance for motion between assembled parts by deforming interlock of sphere, i.e., ball, in socket
    • Y10T29/49854—Ball point pen making

Definitions

  • This invention relates to valve gear mechanism for internal combustion engines and the like and more particularly to a hydraulic tappet device therefor.
  • the invention comprehends the provision of a hydraulic tappet for use generally in valve gear mechanisms of internal combustion engines utilizing one end of a push rod of the valve gear mechanism as a means for controlling the flow of liquid in one direction to the compression chamber of the tappet.
  • a hydraulic tappet of the type utilizing a thrust member therefor as the valve member for-controlling the flow of liquid to the compression chamber thereof that is simple of construction, and that employs one end of the push rod of a valve gear mechanism of which it forms a part of the valve member.
  • Fig. 1 is a fragmentary partly broken away and partly cross-sectional view of a valve gear mechanism incorporating a hydraulic tappet of novel construction, forming the basis of the invention
  • Fig. 2 is a fragmentary partly broken away view of a modified form of push rod from that incorporated in the structure of Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 3 is a fragmentary partly broken away view of a further modified form of push rod.
  • the invention is directed at the provision of a hydraulic tappet of the type employing a thrust member thereof as the valve means controlling flow of liquid to the compression chamber thereof but with the added innovation of having the conventionally utilized push rod of a valve gear mechanism serve also in the capacity as the valve means for the tappet.
  • the overall structure of the tappet is simplified in connection with its use in a valve gear mechanism and the thrust of the tappet is directly transmitted from the piston reaction element of the tappet by way of the push rod to the other members constituting a part of the valve gear mechanism.
  • valve gear mechanism for an internal combustion engine comprising basically as members thereof, a rocker arm 12, a push rod 14, a hydraulic tappet 16 and a cam 18 forming part of a camshaft 19.
  • the tappet 16 comprises a hollow cylindrical body 20 closed at one end and open at its other end, a piston 21 reciprocable in the hollow of the body 16 with predetermined wall clearance therebetween defining within the body low and high pressure chambers 22 and 24' respectively, a light coil spring 26 in the chamber 24 biasing the piston away from the body.
  • the push rod 14 operates in the dual capacity as .a thrust member between the rocker arm 12 and tappet 16 and as the valve means controlling the passage of 2,719,515 Patented Oct. 4, 1955 liquid in one direction, through control opening 28 in piston 21 providing communication between the high and low pressure chambers.
  • One end 30 of the push rod is spherical in shape adapted to seat in an annular valve seat 32 formed at the low pressure chamber terminus of opening 28 whereas the opposite end 34 of the push rod has a socket therein for receipt of an adjustment screw 36 incorporated in the rocker arm 12.
  • Coil spring means 40 for biasing the push rod away from seating engagement of its valve portion on the piston is mounted between a washer 42 secured by a snap ring 44 internally of the body and a washer 46 held from movement along the stem in one direction by a snap ring 48 rigidly secured in the stern of the push rod intermediate its ends.
  • the push rod in its position between the rocker arm and tappet is partly submerged in the low pressure chamber and in addition to passing centrally through the washer 38 passes centrally through washer 42.
  • Operating liquid for the tappet is supplied by way of an opening 50 in the wall of a guide 52 within which the tappet is mounted for operation and thence by way of annular channel 54 and passages 56 in the wall of the body to the low pressure chamber 22 internally of the body.
  • the tappet is adapted to be engaged upon the exterior of the closed end of the body thereof for the actuation thereof, which thrust is in turn transmitted from the body by way of the compression liquid in high pressure chamber 24 of the piston 20, next from the piston to the push rod, thence from the push rod to the rocker arm which in turn is adapted to activate a valve, not shown, through the medium of its arm oppositely disposed from the push rod engageable end thereof.
  • the spring 26 is to be of a strength capable of overcoming the weight of the piston plus friction plus atmospheric pressure acting upon the body of liquid on the opposite side of the piston from that side upon which the spring 26 impresses its load.
  • Fig. 2 illustrates a modified form of valve seating portion for the push rod wherein a ball bearing 100 corresponding in size to the spherical portion of the push rod of Fig. l'is loosely mounted in the-end of the push rod permitting of its free movement whereby wear between the valve and valve seat upon which it seats is minimized.
  • Fig. 3 illustrates a further modification over the structure of Fig. .2 wherein a ball bearing 102 such as ball bearing 100 of'Fig. 2 is loosely mounted in the endof the valve portion of'the push rod and'is engageable :with a smaller ball bearing 104, mounted in a cavity 106 in the push rod, having engagement with the bearing 102 so as toassure of 'the minimized friction 'free rollingaction of ball 102 in its capacity as a valve member to be seated on an annular zone in the piston of the tappet ofFig. 1.
  • a ball bearing 102 such as ball bearing 100 of'Fig. 2 is loosely mounted in the endof the valve portion of'the push rod and'is engageable :with a smaller ball bearing 104, mounted in a cavity 106 in the push rod, having engagement with the bearing 102 so as toassure of 'the minimized friction 'free rollingaction of ball 102 in its capacity as a valve member to be seated on an annular zone in the piston of the tappet
  • Ahydraulic lengthcompensating device comprising a hollow cylindrical body having :a closed and an open end, a piston reciprocable in the hollow of the cylindrical body, defining within the body respective high and low pressure chambers on opposite sides thereof, having an opening therethroughv providing communication between the chambers, a push rod having one .end adapted to be engageableby a rocker arm of .a'valve gear mechanism and having at its other end valve means engageable with the piston to control the passage of hydraulic liquid through the opening therein, resilient means biasing the push rod away from the body and resilient means biasing the piston away from the body, said valve end of the push rod having a free moving ball bearing therein.
  • a hydraulic length compensating device comprising a hollow cylindrical body having a closed and an open end, a piston reciprocable in the hollow of the cylindrical body, defining within the body respective high and low pressure chambers on opposite sides thereof, having an opening therethrough providing communication between the chambers, a push rod having one end adapted to be engageable by a rocker arm of a valve gear mechanism and having at its otherend valve means engageable with the piston to control the passage of hydraulic liquid through the opening therein, resilient means biasing the push rod away from the body, resilient means biasing the piston away from'the body and means'fixed in the piston closely embracing the external periphery of the push rod for guiding same.
  • a device wherein the resilient means biasing .the push rod is disposed intermediate the body and the push rod.
  • a device according toclaim 4 wherein the resilient means biasing the piston is in the form of a coil spring disposed in the high pressure chamber intermediate the inner wall on the closed end of the body and the piston.
  • a hydraulic length compensating device comprising a hollow cylindrical body having a closed and an open end, a piston reciprocable in the-hollow of the cylindrical body, defining within the body respective high and low pressure chambers on opposite sides thereof, having an opening therethrough providing .communication between the chambers, a push rod having one end adapted to be engageableby a rocker arm of a valve gear mechanism and having at its other end valve means engageable with the piston to control the passage of hydraulic'liquid through the opening therein, resilient means biasing the push rod awayfrom the body-and resilient means biasing the piston away from the body, said valve end means of the push rod including a loosely mounted member at the extremity thereof.
  • a device according to claim 6 wherein the loosely mounted member is a ball bearing.

Description

Oct. 4, 1955 M. D. ARCHANGELI 2,719,515
VALVE GEAR MECHANISM Filed Jan. 24, 1951 INVENTOR.
MARTIN D. ARCHAMGEL! ATTORNEYS mp/egw United States Patent VALVE GEAR MECHANISM Martin D. Archangeli, Birmingham, Mich., assignor to Eaton Manufacturing Company, Cleveland, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application January 24, 1951, Serial No. 207,463
8 Claims. (Cl. 123-90) This invention relates to valve gear mechanism for internal combustion engines and the like and more particularly to a hydraulic tappet device therefor.
Broadly the invention comprehends the provision of a hydraulic tappet for use generally in valve gear mechanisms of internal combustion engines utilizing one end of a push rod of the valve gear mechanism as a means for controlling the flow of liquid in one direction to the compression chamber of the tappet.
Among the objects of the invention is the provision of a hydraulic tappet of the type utilizing a thrust member therefor as the valve member for-controlling the flow of liquid to the compression chamber thereof that is simple of construction, and that employs one end of the push rod of a valve gear mechanism of which it forms a part of the valve member.
Other objects and advantages of the invention will ap-- pear from the following description taken in connection with the drawings forming a part of the specification, and in which:
Fig. 1 is a fragmentary partly broken away and partly cross-sectional view of a valve gear mechanism incorporating a hydraulic tappet of novel construction, forming the basis of the invention;
Fig. 2 is a fragmentary partly broken away view of a modified form of push rod from that incorporated in the structure of Fig. 1; and
Fig. 3 is a fragmentary partly broken away view of a further modified form of push rod.
The invention is directed at the provision of a hydraulic tappet of the type employing a thrust member thereof as the valve means controlling flow of liquid to the compression chamber thereof but with the added innovation of having the conventionally utilized push rod of a valve gear mechanism serve also in the capacity as the valve means for the tappet. In this manner the overall structure of the tappet is simplified in connection with its use in a valve gear mechanism and the thrust of the tappet is directly transmitted from the piston reaction element of the tappet by way of the push rod to the other members constituting a part of the valve gear mechanism.
Referring to the drawings for more specific details of the invention represents generally a valve gear mechanism for an internal combustion engine comprising basically as members thereof, a rocker arm 12, a push rod 14, a hydraulic tappet 16 and a cam 18 forming part of a camshaft 19.
The tappet 16 comprises a hollow cylindrical body 20 closed at one end and open at its other end, a piston 21 reciprocable in the hollow of the body 16 with predetermined wall clearance therebetween defining within the body low and high pressure chambers 22 and 24' respectively, a light coil spring 26 in the chamber 24 biasing the piston away from the body.
The push rod 14 operates in the dual capacity as .a thrust member between the rocker arm 12 and tappet 16 and as the valve means controlling the passage of 2,719,515 Patented Oct. 4, 1955 liquid in one direction, through control opening 28 in piston 21 providing communication between the high and low pressure chambers. One end 30 of the push rod is spherical in shape adapted to seat in an annular valve seat 32 formed at the low pressure chamber terminus of opening 28 whereas the opposite end 34 of the push rod has a socket therein for receipt of an adjustment screw 36 incorporated in the rocker arm 12.
Guide means for the push rod in the form of a flat washer 38 is fixedly mounted in the piston and provides solely sufiicient clearance therebetween with the external stern periphery of the push rod so as not to restrict free axial movement of the push rod therein. Coil spring means 40 for biasing the push rod away from seating engagement of its valve portion on the piston is mounted between a washer 42 secured by a snap ring 44 internally of the body and a washer 46 held from movement along the stem in one direction by a snap ring 48 rigidly secured in the stern of the push rod intermediate its ends. The push rod in its position between the rocker arm and tappet is partly submerged in the low pressure chamber and in addition to passing centrally through the washer 38 passes centrally through washer 42.
Operating liquid for the tappet is supplied by way of an opening 50 in the wall of a guide 52 within which the tappet is mounted for operation and thence by way of annular channel 54 and passages 56 in the wall of the body to the low pressure chamber 22 internally of the body.
The tappet is adapted to be engaged upon the exterior of the closed end of the body thereof for the actuation thereof, which thrust is in turn transmitted from the body by way of the compression liquid in high pressure chamber 24 of the piston 20, next from the piston to the push rod, thence from the push rod to the rocker arm which in turn is adapted to activate a valve, not shown, through the medium of its arm oppositely disposed from the push rod engageable end thereof.
The spring 26 is to be of a strength capable of overcoming the weight of the piston plus friction plus atmospheric pressure acting upon the body of liquid on the opposite side of the piston from that side upon which the spring 26 impresses its load.
In the normal operation of the valve gear mechanism with liquid being supplied to the tappet and with the members of the gear mechanism in the position of Fig. 1 upon the lifting movement of the cam from its base circle position motion is transmitted from the cam to the body, from the body by way of the trapped column of liquid between the body and piston to the piston, from the piston to the push rod engageable therewith, thence from the push rod to the rocker arm and from the rocker arm to the valve to be actuated thereby. During this phase of operation the valve portion 30 of the push rod remains seated upon the valve seat inasmuch as the load of the valve spring, not shown, acting back through the valve, not shown, and rocker arm serves to hold the push rod in tappet valve seated position. Throughout the subsequent valve opening and closing as actuated by movement of the cam and the members of the valve gear mechanism in train therewith the members thereof remain in thrust transmitting contact relation. Upon the valve reaching its seat the pressure of the valve spring acting to bear against the rocker arm and push rod to maintain thrust contact therebetween is relieved, thus permitting of the spring means 40 coming into action operative to urge the cylindrical body downwardly against the base circle of the cam simultaneously urging the push rod upwardly into engagement with the rocker arm, to thus compensate for any requirement for adjustment necessary in the valve gear mechanism. As the push rod is moved upwardly the valve portion thereof becomes unseated from the valverseat therefor onthe .piston controlling ..the .communication between the low and high pressure chamber by Way of opening 28 and simultaneously therewith the liquid quickly flows from the low pressure chamber around the end-of thevalveportion of the push rod into the high pressure chamber. Concomitantlywith the flow of fluid around the valve the-spring 26 being of astrength greater than-atmospheric pressure actingon the liquid on the opposite :side of the piston therefrom plus the weight vof the piston plus friction-'actsto move-the piston slowlyinto seating relation with the valve'portion of the push rod to thereby reestablish once again the thrusttransmitting relation of the members of the'valve gear-system asshown byFi-gxl.
It isto be noted as shown by Fig.1 wherein the valve portionof the push rod-is spherical in'shape that an annular-line or zone of contact is had between the spherical valve portion =and,the .valve seat in the piston whereby an effective seating and sealing is achieved. Furthermore, anytendency for foreign'particles lodging on the valve seat acting to interfere with a proper functioning of the tappetis eliminated since the thrust force of the push rod by=way of its valve portion on the valve seat operates to crush saidparticles and permit of a continuous desired operation of the tappet.
Fig. 2 illustrates a modified form of valve seating portion for the push rod wherein a ball bearing 100 corresponding in size to the spherical portion of the push rod of Fig. l'is loosely mounted in the-end of the push rod permitting of its free movement whereby wear between the valve and valve seat upon which it seats is minimized.
Fig. 3 illustrates a further modification over the structure of Fig. .2 wherein a ball bearing 102 such as ball bearing 100 of'Fig. 2 is loosely mounted in the endof the valve portion of'the push rod and'is engageable :with a smaller ball bearing 104, mounted in a cavity 106 in the push rod, having engagement with the bearing 102 so as toassure of 'the minimized friction 'free rollingaction of ball 102 in its capacity as a valve member to be seated on an annular zone in the piston of the tappet ofFig. 1.
While this invention has been described in connection with certain specific embodiments, the principle involved is susceptible of numerous other applications that will readily occur to-persons skilled in the art. This invention, therefore, is limited only as indicated by the scope of the appended claims.
What I claim is:
1. Ahydraulic lengthcompensating device comprising a hollow cylindrical body having :a closed and an open end, a piston reciprocable in the hollow of the cylindrical body, defining within the body respective high and low pressure chambers on opposite sides thereof, having an opening therethroughv providing communication between the chambers, a push rod having one .end adapted to be engageableby a rocker arm of .a'valve gear mechanism and having at its other end valve means engageable with the piston to control the passage of hydraulic liquid through the opening therein, resilient means biasing the push rod away from the body and resilient means biasing the piston away from the body, said valve end of the push rod having a free moving ball bearing therein.
2. A device according to claim 1 wherein the push rod constitutes a single member.
3. A hydraulic length compensating device comprising a hollow cylindrical body having a closed and an open end, a piston reciprocable in the hollow of the cylindrical body, defining within the body respective high and low pressure chambers on opposite sides thereof, having an opening therethrough providing communication between the chambers, a push rod having one end adapted to be engageable by a rocker arm of a valve gear mechanism and having at its otherend valve means engageable with the piston to control the passage of hydraulic liquid through the opening therein, resilient means biasing the push rod away from the body, resilient means biasing the piston away from'the body and means'fixed in the piston closely embracing the external periphery of the push rod for guiding same.
4. A device according to claim 3 wherein the resilient means biasing .the push rod is disposed intermediate the body and the push rod.
5. A device according toclaim 4 wherein the resilient means biasing the piston is in the form of a coil spring disposed in the high pressure chamber intermediate the inner wall on the closed end of the body and the piston.
6. A hydraulic length compensating device comprising a hollow cylindrical body having a closed and an open end, a piston reciprocable in the-hollow of the cylindrical body, defining within the body respective high and low pressure chambers on opposite sides thereof, having an opening therethrough providing .communication between the chambers, a push rod having one end adapted to be engageableby a rocker arm of a valve gear mechanism and having at its other end valve means engageable with the piston to control the passage of hydraulic'liquid through the opening therein, resilient means biasing the push rod awayfrom the body-and resilient means biasing the piston away from the body, said valve end means of the push rod including a loosely mounted member at the extremity thereof.
7. A device according to claim 6 wherein the loosely mounted member is a ball bearing.
8. A device according to claim 7 wherein the ball bearing is engageable by asmaller .ball bearing defined within the push rod.
ReferencesCited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Re. 21,931 Voorhies et al Oct. 21, 1941 2,108,514 Summers Feb. 15, 1938 2,109,816 Best 'Mar..1, 1938 2,140,826 Bettison Dec. 20, 1938 2,160,257 Appel May 30, 1939
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2840063A (en) * 1955-06-17 1958-06-24 Gen Motors Corp Hydraulic valve lifter
US2858817A (en) * 1957-02-04 1958-11-04 Eaton Mfg Co Tappet mechanism
US2915051A (en) * 1955-07-21 1959-12-01 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Tappet
US2931347A (en) * 1958-04-10 1960-04-05 Ned L Williams Variable valve lifter for internal combustion engines
US2960080A (en) * 1958-10-29 1960-11-15 Bundy Tubing Co Push rod and method of its manufacture
US2975775A (en) * 1956-06-13 1961-03-21 Ford Motor Co Ball tipped push rod
US3066658A (en) * 1957-04-01 1962-12-04 Bundy Tubing Co Push rod structure

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2108514A (en) * 1935-08-16 1938-02-15 Gen Motors Corp Valve mechanism
US2109816A (en) * 1935-12-21 1938-03-01 Packard Motor Car Co Hydraulic valve tappet
US2140826A (en) * 1937-09-22 1938-12-20 David C Bettison Valve-actuating means
US2160257A (en) * 1935-12-13 1939-05-30 Gen Motors Corp Hydraulic valve tappet
USRE21931E (en) * 1941-10-21 Tappet construction

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
USRE21931E (en) * 1941-10-21 Tappet construction
US2108514A (en) * 1935-08-16 1938-02-15 Gen Motors Corp Valve mechanism
US2160257A (en) * 1935-12-13 1939-05-30 Gen Motors Corp Hydraulic valve tappet
US2109816A (en) * 1935-12-21 1938-03-01 Packard Motor Car Co Hydraulic valve tappet
US2140826A (en) * 1937-09-22 1938-12-20 David C Bettison Valve-actuating means

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2840063A (en) * 1955-06-17 1958-06-24 Gen Motors Corp Hydraulic valve lifter
US2915051A (en) * 1955-07-21 1959-12-01 Thompson Ramo Wooldridge Inc Tappet
US2975775A (en) * 1956-06-13 1961-03-21 Ford Motor Co Ball tipped push rod
US2858817A (en) * 1957-02-04 1958-11-04 Eaton Mfg Co Tappet mechanism
US3066658A (en) * 1957-04-01 1962-12-04 Bundy Tubing Co Push rod structure
US2931347A (en) * 1958-04-10 1960-04-05 Ned L Williams Variable valve lifter for internal combustion engines
US2960080A (en) * 1958-10-29 1960-11-15 Bundy Tubing Co Push rod and method of its manufacture

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