US2779329A - Artificial respiration apparatus - Google Patents

Description

United States Patent ARTIFICIAL RESPIRATION APPARATUS Thomas C. Huxley III, Manhasset, and Nelson G. Kling, Roslyn, N. Y., assignors to Conitech, Ltd., New York, N. Y., a corporation of New York Application June 17, 1953, Serial No. 362,316

16 Claims. (Cl. 128-30) This invention relates generally to improvements in artificial respiration apparatus and, more particularly, to improvements in artificial respiration apparatus of the portable type.

One object of the present invention is the provision, in artificial respiration apparatus having a pump and con trol unit adapted for operative association with a cuirass, of pressure-indicating means positioned in close pr ximity to the control unit with the pressure indicating means measuring pressure directly at the cuirass.

Another object of the present invention is the provision of pressure-indicating means of the aforenoted character having pressure transmitting means disposed in the conduit extending between the pump and cuirass, said pressure transmitting means being adapted for automatic connection with the pressure indicating means on the interconnection of the conduit and pump.

Another object of the present invention is the provision in a pump and control unit for respirators, of an improved control arrangement for controlling the discharge of air from the pumping chamber during the positive pressure phase of the pumping cycle.

The above and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will be more fully understood from the following description considered in connection with the accompanying illustrative drawings.

In the drawing which illustrates the best mode now contemplated by us for carrying out our invention:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view of the respirator pumping apparatus shown connected to a cuirass;

Fig. 2 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken on the line 2-2 of Fig. 1;

Fig. 3 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken on the line 3-3 of Fig. 2;

Fig. 4 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken on the line 4-4 of Fig. 2; and

Fig. 5 is a fragmentary sectional view of one end portion of the conduit.

The respirator pumping apparatus of the present invention is generally of the type shown and described in the copending application of Thomas C. Huxley III for Pump and Control Unit for Respirators, Serial No. 295,181, filed lune 24, 1952, and assigned to the assignee of the present invention. Thus the respirator pumping apparatus is adapted to periodically supply air to and withdraw air from the cuirass 12 which is operatively connected to the pumping apparatus 10 by means of the conduit 14. The cuirass 12 may be any of the well known types, for example the type shown and described in the patent to Thomas C. Huxley III, No. 2,466,108, issued April 5, 1949, for Artificial Respirator. It will be understood that the cuirass 12 is adapted to be fitted to a patient, and when so fitted, the pumping apparatus 10 is adapted to periodically supply air to and withdraw air from said cuirass to simulate normal respiration. Accordingly, the pumping apparatus 10, when operatively associated with the cuirass 12, alternates between partial evacuation and normal pressure of the air within the cuirass at a controlled and variable rate to successfully 2,7793% Patented Jan. 21:3, 1957 simulate normal respiration. The apparatus 10 is structurally similar to the corresponding apparatus of the aforereferred to copending application and diflers therefrom in the respects to be fully described in detail hereinafter.

The apparatus 10 comprises a bellows type pump 16 which has means integrated therewith for controlling the amount of negative pressure or suction applied to the cuirass 12 and for controlling the amount of positive pressure applied to said cuirass. The pumping apparatus 10 is housed in a suitable casing 18, the latter having casters 20 at its lower end to facilitate the movement of the apparatus 10 on a supporting surface. The pump 16, which is preferably of the bellows type, comprises a fixed head 22 and a piston 24 relatively movable thereto, said piston being mounted for reciprocation in the manner fully shown and described in the aforereferred to copending application. The pump head 22 is in fixed relation with the casing 18 and it will be readily apparent that there is defined between the head 22 and piston 24 a sealed pumping chamber 26. The apparatus 10 is provided with an instrument panel 28 which is supported by the housing 18 through the intermediation of suitable brackets 30. The instrument panel 28 is provided with a power switch 32, a negative pressure control knob 34, a positive pressure control knob 36, an opening 37 leading to a fitting 38 which is adapted for the reception of a companion portion of the conduit 14, and an indicator 40 graduated to indicate respirations per minute.

Pursuant to the present invention there is provided a pressure gage 42 Which is mounted on the instrument panel 28 in close proximity to the negative and positive pressure control knobs 34 and 36 aforenoted. The pressure gage 42 is generally of the type shown and described in the aforereferred to copending application and is mounted relative to the instrument panel 28 in any conventional manner, there being preferably interposed between said instrument panel and pressure gage a suitable gasket 44. In accordance with the present invention the pressure gage 42 is positioned in close proximity to the operating controls as aforedescribed with said pressure gage being adapted to measure pressure directly at the cuirass 12 in a manner now to be described in detail. The conduit 14 which is adapted to connect the apparatus 10 to the cuirass 12 in fluid flow relation therewith is preferably of flexible and resilient construction and in the illustrated embodiment said conduit is of the corrugated type. As best shown in Figs. 3 and 5, the terminal ends 46 of the conduit 14, which are structurally identical, are in the form of fittings, the latter comprising a preferably metallic coupling 48 having a portion receivable in end portion 50 of the conduit 14 in fluid sealing relation therewith. As aforenoted, the fittings 46 of the conduit 14 are structurally identical whereby both ends of said conduit may be interchangeably associated with the apparatus 10 and cuirass 12 in a manner to be described in detail hereinafter. It is to be noted that fitting 38 defines a passage 52 which is in fluid communication with the pumping chamber 26. The fittings 46 and 38 are formed complementary to each other and are adapted for releasable interengagement in fluid sealing relation. The fittings 38 and 46 are adapted for association by a friction fit in fluid sealing relation, said fitting 38 being provided with a sealing ring 39. The opening 37 in the instrument panel 28 may have associated therewith an openable cover 54, and said cover may be of the type fully shown and described in the aforereferred to copending application. The cuirass 12 is provided with the fitting 56 which is structurally similar to fitting 38 and which defines a passage which is in fluid communication with the interior of said cuirass. The fitting 56 is thus suitable flexible material. sure transmitting tube 74 in the conduit 14 substantially centrally thereof at longitudinally spaced points there formed complementary to the fittings 46 of the conduit 14 aforedescribed and is adapted for frictional interengagement with one of the fittings 46 for establishing fluid communication between the conduit 14 and the cuirass 32. Thus in practice one fitting 46 of the conduit 14 will be operatively associated with the pumping apparatus iii and an opposite fitting of said conduit will be operatively associated with a cuirass 12 in the aforedescribed manner whereby said conduit is effective to provide fluid communication between the pumping chamber 26 of apparatus 1t) and the interior of the cuirass 12.

The pressure gage 42 is provided with a pressure transmitting tube portion 58 which extends in the pumping chamber 26 and to the region of fitting 38, the portion 6i) of said tube portion extending into the fitting 62 which is secured to the head 22 in any suitable manner. The tube portion 58 includes the elbow fitting 64 and 66 which are in fluid communication with each other by means of the connecting tube portion 68 which is positioned in the pumping chamber 26. Part of the fitting '66 extends into the passage 52 defined by the fitting33 and terminates in a free end portion 7% which is constituted by a fitting which is adapted for a purpose which will be fully described hereinafter. Thus the fitting 70 is constituted by a tapered end portion of fitting 66 and is provided with a peripherally extending groove having a sealing ring 72 positioned therein. Thus the tube portion 58 is in fluid'flcw relation with the pressure indicating gage 42 and terminates in a free end portion constituted by the fitting 7b which is disposed in the region of the fitting 38. The fitting as is supported by spider 76" having radially extending arms 78 which are integral with fitting 33 so that fitting 7% is disposed and supported substantially centrally of fitting 38.

Extending longitudinally in the conduit 14 is a pressure transmitting tube '74 which may be formed of any In order to support the presare provided supporting spiders 76 having radially extendmg arms78, said arms being integral with couplings 48. In the illustrated embodiment two such spiders 76 are shown for supporting end portions of the pressure transmitting tube 74 relative to the conduit 14. The tube 74 is provided with a tube part 8% at its end portions, each of said tube parts terminating in a fitting 82 which is formed complementary to the fitting 79 of the pressure gage tube portion 58. It is to be noted that both end portions of the pressure transmitting tube 74 are structurally similar whereby either end portion of said pressure transmitting tube may be operatively associated with the fitting 74) of tube portion 53 in a manner 'to be described hereinafter. The fittings 82 of the tube '74 are formed complementary to the fitting 70 and are adaptedto' be connected therewith in fluid sealing relation wherebytoprovide a pressure transmitting passagefrom the cuirass 12 to the pressure gage 42. The aperture fill of-fitting 82 is dimensioned complementary to fitting 7i) and is adapted for interengagement therewith in fluid sealing relation. Thus one end of the tube 74 is adapted for interconnection with the fitting 7th of the tube portion 58 and the opposite end thereof terminates in a free end portion or fitting in the region of the cuirass fitting 56 whereby the pressure gage 42 indicates the pressure at the cuirass' l2.

As' aforenoted, the fittings 82 are supported byimeans of the spiders 76 in a fixed position to the fittings 46 and on the interconnection of the conduit and casing fittings 46 and 38, respectively, one fitting 82 of the tube '74 will be automatically interconnected with itscomplementary fitting 79 associated with the pressure indicating gage 42 in the aforedescribed manner. From the above it will be apparent that the fittings 70 and. 82 aforedescribed constitutemeans providing for .the interconnection of one end of the tube 74 with the free" end portion 70 of the tube portion 53 on the interconnection of the conduit 14 with the apparatus lil. It is who noted that the fittings 7t) and 32 provide a releasable fiuid sealing interconnection and similarly the connections between the conduit 14 and the apparatus 10 and cuirass 12 are of the releasable fluid sealing type. Thus the conduit fittings 46 at both ends of the conduit 14 are structurally similar and the tube fittings 82 are similarly structurally similar whereby it will be apparent that the conduit fittings may be interchangeably connected tothe casing fitting 38 with the tube 74 interconnected with its companion tube portion 58. Thus the pressure gage 42 is positioned on the instrument panel 28 in close proximity to its associated controls with said pressure gage measuring pressure directly at cuirass 12 through the intermediation of the pressure transmitting tube 74 aforedescribed. The connection between the conduit 14 and the apparatus it will be effective to automatically connect the pressure transmitting tube '74 with thepre'ssure' gage 42 by means of the complementary fittings 79 and" aforedescribed.

Pursuant to the present invention there is provided an improved control arrangement for controlling the discharge of air from the pumping chamber Zo'during the positive pressure phase of the pumping cycle. In most cases the application of positive pressure to the interior of the cuirass 12 is unnecessary, however when desired, the'amount of positive pressure can be controlled through the pressure control valve 1% now to bedescribed in detail.

With reference to Fig. 4, the pressure control valve "10%) comprises a rotatably mounted actuating shaft 16 2 having a control knob 36 secured thereto and accessible at the instrument panel 28. The shaft M2 is mounted for rotation in the bearing part m4 which is secured to the bracket 1% in any desired manner. The inner end of the shaft 1&2 is provided with a gear 188 which is secured thereto by means of the pin 110. ltwill be apparent that the rotation of the knob 36 will be effective to concomitantly rotate the gear 163, the latter beingadapted to control valve 1% in the manner to be described in detail hereinafter. Thefixed head 22 is provided with a port 112 and the valve controls the venting of said port in the manner shown and described in the aforereferred to copending application. Secured to the bracket 1%, in any suitable manner, is a guide part apparent that the rotation of the control knob'36 will be efiective to concomitantly rotate part 118 to axially displace the latter relative to the port 112. Thus the part 1'18and the gear 12%) are in fixed'relation whereby it will be apparent that the rotation of the gear 120 by means of the gear 10? will be effective to rotate part 113 and axially move the latter in a direction corresponding to the direction of rotation of the control knobss. The

gear 126 is centrally apertur'ed there'th'rough as indicated at 122 for the reception of the guide shaft 124Which is freely movable in said aperture.

The guide shaft 124 has a valve member or diaphragm 126 secured at its lower end, said diaphragm being adapted to control the amount of air bypassed during the positive pressure phase of the pumping cycle. The

lower end 128 of the part 118 is adapted to cooperate with adjacent upper face portions of the diaphragm to control the bypass of air for thereby controlling the amount or positive pressure pumped by the pump Accd'rdingly the more the part 118 is positioned away from the head 22, the greater will be theamo'unt of air bypassed through said head and, if desired, the diaphragm 126 may be retained closed on the head 22 by rotating the control knob 36 the requisite amount. Thus the guide shaft 124 of the diaphragm 126 is freely movable axially and is limited in such axial movement by the head 22 in one direction and by the end 128 of the part 118 in an opposite direction. From the above it will be apparent that the amount of air bypassed from the pumping chamber 26 between the diaphragm 126 and the head 22 through the port 112 is under the control of the pressure valve 100, the greater the amount of air so bypassed, the lower will be the positive pressure applied to the cuirass 12. Thus the amount of air bypassed in this manner is under the control of the control knob 36 and associated mechanism, the latter being effective to axially position the part 118 relative to the diaphragm 126. As fully illustrated and described in the aforereferred to copending application, during the suction or negative pressure phase of the pumping cycle the diaphragm 126 will be closed to the head 22 by the atmospheric pressure which will be greater than the pressure in the pumping chamber 26. The bracket 106 is provided with a stop member 130 which is adapted to cooperate With the stop member 132 of gear 108 for limiting the rotation of the latter. It will be noted that the part 114 is provided with a depending shaft 134 which is formed complementary to the aperture 122 for guiding the gear 120 during the axial movement thereof. It is to be noted that gear 120 is of substantially smaller diameter than gear 108 whereby one revolution of the latter gear will rotate the former gear a plurality of revolutions to achieve correspondingly rapid axial movement of part 118. Thus the pressure control valve 100 is positively operated bylthe gears as aforedescribed and functions to control the amount of positive pressure applied to the interior of the cuirass 12.

While we have shown and described the preferred embodi-ment of our invention, it will be understood that various changes may be made in the present invention without departing from the underlying idea or principles of the invention within the scope of the appended claims.

Having thus described our invention, what We claim and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is:

1. In respirator apparatus having pumping means adapted to periodically supply air to and withdraw air from a cuirass and a pres-sure indicating gage positioned remote from said cuirass, a conduit connecting said pumping means to said cuirass in fluid flow relation therewith, and a tube extending longitudinally in said conduit, one end of said tube being adapted for interconnection with said gage and the opposite end thereof terminating in a free end portion in the region of said cuirass whereby said gage indicates the pressure in said region, and means providing for the automatic releasable interconnection of the one end of said tube with said gage on the interconnection of said conduit with said pumping means.

2. In respirator apparatus having pumping means adapted to periodically supply air to and withdraw air from a cuirass and a pressure indicating gage positioned remote from said cuirass, a conduit connecting said pumping means to said cuirass in fluid flow relation therewith, and a tube extending longitudinally in said conduit, one end of said tube being adapted for interconnection with said gage and the opposite end thereof terminating in a free end portion in the region of said cuirass whereby said gage indicates the pressure in said region, and means providing for the automatic releasable interconnection of either of said tube ends with said gage on the interconnection of a companion end of said conduit with said pumping means.

3. In respirator apparatus having pumping means adapted to periodically supply air to and withdraw air from a cuirass and a pressure indicating gage positioned remote from said cuirass, a conduit connecting said pumping means to said cuirass in fluid flow relation therewith, and a tube extending longitudinally in said conduit, one end of said tube being adapted for intercom nection with said gage and the opposite end thereof terminating in a free end portion in the region of said cuirass whereby said gage indicates the pressure in said region, said one end of said tube being in a fixed relative disposition to a companion end of said conduit, means providing for the automatic interconnection of the one end of said tube with said gage on the interconnection of said conduit with said pumping means, and means for supporting said tube in said conduit at longitudinally spaced points in the region of the ends of said conduit.

4. In respirator apparatus having pumping means adapted to periodically supply air to and withdraw air from a cuirass and a pressure indicating gage positionedremote from said cuirass, a conduit connecting said pump-- ing means to said cuirass in fluid flow relation therewith,. a tube portion in fluid flow relation with said gage and: terminating in a freed end portion, and a tube extend-- ing longitudinally in said conduit, one end of said tubebeing adapted for interconnection with said free end por-- tion of said tube portion and the opposite end thereof ter-- minating in a free endportion in the region of said cuirass whereby said gage indicates the pressure in said region, and means providing for the automatic releasable inter-- connection of the one end of said tube with said freeend portion of said tube portion on the interconnection of said conduit with said pumping means.

, 5. In respirator apparatus having pumping means: adapted toperiodically supply air to and withdraw air' from a cuirass, a casing for housing said pumping means having an instrument panel associated therewith, and a pressure indicating gage positioned on said instrument panel, a conduit connecting said pumping means to said cuirass in fluid flow relation therewith, said conduit ter minating in fittings, said cuirass and said casing having fittings formed complementary to said conduit fittings, said casing fitting being in fluid communication with said pumping means, a tube portion in fluid flow relation with said gage and terminating in a free end portion in the region of said casing fitting, and a tube extending longitudinally in said conduit, one end of said tube being adapted for interconnection with said free end portion of said tube portion and the opposite end thereof terminating in a free end portion in the region of said cuirass fitting whereby said gage indicates the pressure in said region, and means providing for the automatic interconnection of the one end of said tube with said free end portion of said tube portion onthe interconnection of said conduit and easing fittings.

6. In respirator apparatus having pumping means adapted to periodically supply air to and withdraw air from a cuirass a casing for housing said pumping means having an instrument panel associated therewith, and a pressure indicating gage positioned on sald instrument panel, a conduit connecting said pumping means to said cuirass in fluid flow relation therewith, said conduit terminating in fittings, said cuirass and said casing having fittings formed complementary to said conduit fittings, said casing fitting being in fluid communication with said pumping means, a tube portion in fluid flow relation with said gage and terminating in a free end portion in the region of said casing fitting, and a tube extending longitudinally in said conduit, one end of said tube being adapted for interconnection with said free end portion of said tube portion and the opposite end thereof terminating in a free end portion in the region of said cuirass fitting whereby said gage indicates the pressure in said region, and means providing for the automatic releasable fluid sealing interconnection of the one end of said tube with said free end portion of said tube portion on the interconnection of said conduit and casing fittings.

7. In respirator apparatus having pumping means adapted to periodically supply air to and withdraw air from a cuirass, a casing-for-housing Said pumping means havingan'uirfstrument panel-associated therewith, and a pressure indicating gage positioned 'on said instrument panely'a conduit connecting' said 'pumpingme'ans'to said cuirass in' fluid-flow relation therewith,- said conduit'termin'ating in fittings, said cuirass and saidcasing 'having fittingsI'formed complementary to saidconduitfittings, said'casing fitting being in fluid communication with said pumping means,a tube portion in fluid flow relation with saidgage and terminating in a free end portion in the region-"of said "casing fitting, and a tube extending longitudinallyin said conduit, one end of said tube being adapted for interconnection with said free end portion of saidtube portion and the opposite en'dthere'of terminating in"afre'e end portion in the region of said cuirass fittingwherebysaidgageindicates thepressure in said region, and means providing for the automatic interconnection 'ofthe one endof said tube with said free end portion of said tube portion on the interconnection of said'c'onduit and casing fittings, said conduit fittings being structurally similar and said-tube-ends being structurally sir'riilarwhereby said conduit fittings may be interchangeably connected-t said casing fitting with said tube interconnected with said tube portion.

83 In respirator apparatus having pumping means adapted to periodically supply air'to and withdraw air from a cuirass, a casing for housing said pumping means having an instrument panel associated therewith, and a pressure indicating gage positioned'on said instrument panel, a conduit connecting said pumping means to said cuirass in fluid flow relation therewith, said conduit terminating in fittings, said cuirass and said casing having fittings formed complementary to said conduit fittings, said casing-fit'ting being in fluid communication with said-pumping means, a tube portion in fluid flow relation with said gage and terminating in a freeend portion in the-region of said casing fitting, and a tube extending longitudinally in said conduit, one end of said tube being adapted for interconnection with said free 'end portion of said tube portion and the opposite end thereof terminating in a free end portion in the region of said cuirass fitting whereby said gage indicates the pressure in said said last-mentioned fittings being adapted for the securemient"'of"said tube to" complementary structure of said apparatus, said conduit fittings being structurally similar andsaid'j'tube ends being structurally similar whereby said conduit fittings may be interchangeably connected to. said apparatus with said tube interconnected with said complementary structure, and means for supporting end portions of said tube in said conduit incoaxialrelation therewith.

. 1U. Inl respiratorpumping apparatus having pumping means adapted to periodically supp'ly'air toand withdraw antenna-a "cuirass, valve mea'nsf'tor controlling the amount'of-positive pressure applied to said'cuirass, said valve means comprising an axially movable diaphragm and a part associated therewithtor limiting the axial movement of said diaphragm in one direction, said part being ,threadedly received in a complementary fixed part whereby the" rotation 'of said partis effective to axially moye the latterlrelative to saidfixedpart, -said-part havigf' jarfftneans (associated therewith,- forthe rotation thereof and ineansfor actuating said- 'gearrneans for-ad ju'stin'g the axial'position of said part.

11."Inrespirator pumping apparatus having pumping rneans'adapte'd to periodicallysupply air to and with draw air from a cuirass, valve means'forcontrolling the and a part associated therewith for limiting the "axial movement of "said diaphragm in one direction, said part being threadedly received in" a complementary fixed'part whereby therotation of said part isettective to axially move the latter relative to said fixed part, said part'hav ing ear-m ans associated therewith, forthe rotation thereof and means'fo'r actuating-said gear means for'ad ju'sting} the axial-position 'of-saidpart, said last mentioned f meanscompris'in'g a manually operable member having gear means in mesh with'said first'mentioned gear means for actuating the latter.

l2; Respirator pumping apparatus adapted to period ically supply air to and withdraw air from acuirass, comprising a pump'havinga'fix'ed head and a movable piston defining a pumping chamber therebetween, a port in said fixed head in communication with said pumping chamber, and'valve means for controlling the amount of posi-' tive' pressure applied to said cuirass, said valve means controlling the ventingof said port and comprising anaxially movable diaphragm and a part associated therewith for limiting the axial'movement'of said diaphragm in' a ventingdirection, said part being threadedly received in a complementary fixed part whereby the rotation of said partisettective to axially move the latter relative to said fixed part, said 'part having gear means associated there with for'the rotation thereof, and means for actuating said' gear means fo'r'adjusting the axial position of said part' whereby to control the venting of said port.

'l3.In"cori1bination with an air'pump cyclically operable for inducing a rhythmic flow of air to and from a' cuirass and a pressure indicatinggage positioned remote from saidcuirass, a conduit providing for the fluid flow interconnection-of saidair pump and said cuirass, and a tube extending longitudinally in said conduit, one end of said tube being adapted for interconnection with said gage and being in a fixed relative disposition to a companion end of said conduit, the opposite end of said tube terminat-- region remote from said pump and a pressure indicating gage positioned incloseproximity to said pump, a conduit providing for the fluid flow interconnection of said pump with said region, an'd' a tube extending longitudinally in said conduit, one 'end of said'tube being adapted for interconnection with said gage and being in a fixed rela'- tive disposition to a companion end of said conduit, the OPPOSItC end of said tube terminating in a free end portion in said region whereby said gage provides for the directindication of pressure in said region, and means providing for the automatic interconnection of the one end of said tube with said gage on the interconnection of said pump and conduit.

15-. In combination with an air pump cyclically:operable'fo'r inducing a rhythmic fiow of air to and from a" cuirass and a pressure indicating gage positioned remote from said cuirass, a conduit providing for the fluid flow interconnection of said air pump and said cuirass, and'a tube extending longitudinally in said conduit, one end of said tube being adapted for interconection with said gage and being in a fixed relative disposition to a cornpanioxi end of said conduit, the opposite end 'of' said' tub 'j' terminating in a free '*end--portionin the 're'gionbfsaid cuirass whereby said gage provides for the direct indication of pressure in said region, and means providing for the automatic interconnection of the one end of said tube with said gage on the interconnection of said pump and conduit, said means comprising a length of tubing in fluid tloW relation with said gage, said length of tubing and said one end of said tube terminating in releasably interengageable fittings.

16. In respirator apparatus, a longitudinally extending flexible conduit terminating in fittings adapted for the securement of said conduit to said apparatus, and a flexible pressure transmitting tube extending longitudinally in said conduit and terminating in fittings in the region of the fittings of said conduit, one of said tube fittings being adapted for automatic releasable securement to complementary structure of said apparatus on the interconnection of a companion conduit fitting with said apparatus, and means for supporting said tube fittings in a fixed relative disposition with said conduit fittings.

. References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,154,811 Savage Sept. 28, 1915 2,408,136 Fox Sept. 24, 1946 2,512,116 Siebels June 20, 1950 2,581,893 Wilm Jan. 8, 1952

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