US2783390A - Smoke detecting device - Google Patents

Smoke detecting device Download PDF

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US2783390A
US2783390A US221831A US22183151A US2783390A US 2783390 A US2783390 A US 2783390A US 221831 A US221831 A US 221831A US 22183151 A US22183151 A US 22183151A US 2783390 A US2783390 A US 2783390A
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light
photocell
shows
smoke
housing
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US221831A
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Jr Alfred L Mendenhall
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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/103—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device
    • G08B17/107—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using a light emitting and receiving device for detecting light-scattering due to smoke
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G08—SIGNALLING
    • G08B—SIGNALLING OR CALLING SYSTEMS; ORDER TELEGRAPHS; ALARM SYSTEMS
    • G08B17/00—Fire alarms; Alarms responsive to explosion
    • G08B17/10—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means
    • G08B17/11—Actuation by presence of smoke or gases, e.g. automatic alarm devices for analysing flowing fluid materials by the use of optical means using an ionisation chamber for detecting smoke or gas
    • G08B17/113—Constructional details

Definitions

  • one of the objects is to provide a device to detect smoke in an atmosphere by means of a diverted or scattered modulated light beam.
  • a further object is to provide in a smoke detecting device a continuously monitored-electrical circuit and means to signal a failure of the same.
  • Fig. 1 shows a detector circuit used in my invention.
  • Fig. 2 is a partial schematic and cross sectional view of one embodiment of my invention illustrating the elements used.
  • Fig. 3 a block diagram of my invention illustrates the combination of elements of my invention.
  • Fig. 2 shows a portion of my invention to be contained within a T-shaped smoke-box housing, 10, within which is transmitted the essential 210 cycle modulated light beams 11, from light source 12, perforated disc 16, lens 13, and into black body light traps, 14.
  • the Lucite rod 15 conducts a modulated light 17 from light source 12, modulating disc 16 and directs modulated light beam 17 of 153 cycles towards photocell 18, as a continuous monitoring system to assure operator device is operating.
  • Air sample 20 is brought into throat 21 past sail switch 21' of housing and passes through light beams 11 and out through apertures 31 and chamber 30 by suction fan apparatus 30.
  • numeral 40 represents the power supply.
  • 42 is the smoke alarm
  • 43 is apparatus warning alarms
  • 18" is the low level photocell amplifier with photocell. It will be noted that when sail switch 21' is not pressured by air 20 it functions to sound alarms that apparatus is inoperative.
  • Fig. 1 shows a detector circuit used in my invention and in Fig. 3 41 shows the location of the detector circuit. Disclosed in Fig. 1 is a typical detector circuit which illustrates my method of producing circuit currents to operate auxiliary apparatus as shown.
  • 50 shows resonant relays
  • 51 shows a 6N6G duo-triode tube
  • 52 shows a 6AC5GT triode tube
  • 53 shows an 0A4G gas triode
  • 54 shows a 6C5 triode
  • 55 shows a SPDT relay
  • 56 shows a SPDT relay
  • 57 shows a 4 volt battery
  • 58 shows the atent 2,783,390 I Patented Feb. 26,
  • 59 shows an A. C. voltmeter which reads the signal to the resonant relays
  • 6 0 shows a couplingv transformer
  • 61 is a grid bias resistor 2.2 me'gohm
  • 62 shows a potentiometer 2.5 me'gohm
  • 63 shows a 10 megohm resistor
  • 64 shows a l megohm resistor
  • 65 shows a /4 megohm resistor
  • 66 shows a 5 megohm resistor
  • 66' shows'a 22 megohm resistor
  • 67 shows a .1 mid.
  • 63 shows a .2 mfd capacito'r
  • 69 shows a voltage regulating tube VR150 which'p'revents a high voltage surge from appearing on the plate of the 0A4G tube
  • 70 shows a 17,500 ohm resistor
  • 71 shows a 50,000 ohm resistor
  • 72 shows a 500,000 ohm resistor
  • 73 shows a 160,000 ohm resistor.
  • 40 is the power supply
  • 42 shows the smoke alarm relay
  • 43 is the warp ing alarm relay
  • 18" is the low level photocell amplifier with photocell.
  • I choose touse a pulsed light wave signal, beam '17, as mentioned above, with characteristics of .153 cycles per second secured from disc 16, as interrupter revolving at 19.1'revolutio'ns per second, having 8 hole system 12c which provides the supervisory testing light wave frequency. 7
  • a light generator 9 or interrupter, rotatable disc 16 dri'venby asynchronous speed 1800 revolutions per minute elec't'ricmotor i6.
  • Disc 16 has two sets of perforations, viz; hole system 12b near the periphery and 12c near the center of the disc 16.
  • 9 represents the housing for the light source and disc 16.
  • Hole system 1212 interrupts light 11 from source 12, so as to produce 210 cycles per second modulated. light 1111 which is directed in a parallel mariner from. lens 13, towards light traps 14, as shown in Fig. 4.
  • Hole system interrupts light 11 at a rate of 153 times persecond and thus produces a modulated light 11b of 153 cycles per second which is continuously directed by Lucite rod 15 into view of photocell 18 through window 18'.
  • the 153 cycles per second light signal 11b is continuously beamed into photocell 18 for a circuit test or monitoring purpose, thereby assuring the continuous operable condition of the device, while the 210 cycles per second light 11 is never viewed by photocell 18 unless a quantity of smoke particles are sucked into throat 21 and in passing through light beams 210, scatter a portion 11a of light 11 and reflects a portion 11a into photocell 18, causing it to function and transmit the necessary alarms by means of electrical relays, amplifiers, and auxiliary apparatus not deemed necessary to fully set out in detail.
  • Photocell 18in Fig. 2 with associated electrical resonant circuits is receptive to the two diflferent light frequencies, namely 153 cycles per second for monitoring, and 210 cycles per second for sounding an alarm when smoke, indicating a fire hazard, is present in housing 10 and scatters some portion 11a of light 11 into view of photocell 18 as explained hereinbefore.
  • tuned resonant circuits associated with photocell 18 will function as auxiliary apparatus to operate selected alarms not deemed necessary herein to describe further.
  • FIG. 3 illustrates by way of a block diagram of my invention, the essential elements and their combination deemed to be a part of my invention.
  • a photocell responding to one light wave frequency for monitoring purposes and another light wave frequency for alarming purposes, a light source, means for casting light waves of differing frequency from said source, one upon said cell and another in by-passing accessible relation to said cell, and means for passing an air sample through the latter said light wave, relatively solid particles in said sample reflecting light from the said latter wave upon said cell.
  • the combination of photoelectric control apparatus including a photocell, a smoke box housing, the interior of which is exposed to said photocell, means for passing a light wave and an air sample through said housing in such intimate contacting relation that solids in said air sample reflect light from said light wave upon said photocell, and means for casting another light wave separately from the first said wave continuously on said photocell.
  • the combination of photoelectric control apparatus including a photocell, a smoke box housing, the interior of which is exposed to said photocell, means for passing an air sample through said housing, a light source, means for casting a first light wave from said source through said housing in transverse by-passing relation to said photocell, solid particles in said air sample reflecting light from said first light wave upon said photocell, and means for casting a second light wave directly from said source continuously upon said photocell.
  • a smoke box housing a photocell exposed to the in menace terior of said'housing, means for passing an air sample through said housing, a light source, a light conducting rod extending through said housing from said source to said photocell to cast a light wave continuously on said photocell, other means directing a second light wave from said source through said housing in intersecting relation to said air sample and in transverse bypassing relation to said photocell, and means for interrupting said light waves in different predetermined frequency.
  • a smoke box housing a photocell exposed to the inteiior of said housing, a light source beaming light into said housing, a light control means interposed in front of said light source and separating the light beamed into said housing into first and second waves, means for projecting said first wave in by-passing relation to said photocell, and means for projecting said second wave directly on said photocell, and means for passing an air sample through said first light wave, solids in said sample refleeting light from said first wave upon said photocell.
  • said light control means includes a rotating disc having radially spaced apart series of perforations defining the said first and second light waves and different frequencies for said light waves.

Description

Feb. 26, 1957 A. MENDENHALL, JR 2,783,390
SMOKE DETECTING DEVICE Filed April 19, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 v & M H mm SE32 25 3 Q2511 9.26 L 09 Q cm no. I 00m 0 I q 1 mm A \I 8 N N 8 a? B E :0 IO
INVENTOR ALFRED L. MENDENHALL JR fiu wwama ATTORNE Feb. 26, 1957 A. L. MENDENHALL, JR 2,783,390
SMOKE DETECTING DEVICE Filed April '19, 1951 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 BATTERY CHARGER 4V BATTERY -(Operutes Failure Warning) DETECTOR Low LEvEL 4o POWER AMPLIFIER PHOTOCELL SUPPLY WITH RESONANT AMPLIFIER RELAY WITH PHoTocELL iBLOWER 4| 3o SYNCHRONOUS WARNING oF' FIRE ALARM 4| Mr aLowER FAILURE ELAY LAMP FAILURE PHOTOCELL FAILURE 4| ENTIRE AMPLIFIER FAILURE GENERAL POWER FAILURE INVENTOR I 3 I ALFRED MENDENHALL JR. J53; 103M417 ATTORNEY Unite My invention relates to a device for the detection of smoke by utilizing electrical circuits with an associated photocell, apparatus for sounding alarms, and a modulated light source generator.
By. utilizing the principle of a modulated. light wave being viewed by a photocell only under smoke-present conditions whereby some portion of the modulated light is diverted and actuates a photocell, connected amplifier, resonant circuits and alarm system apparatus, I achieve 'a new and novel means of detecting smoke for alarm purposes, usually before combustion is complete resulting in a fire.
Therefore one of the objects is to provide a device to detect smoke in an atmosphere by means of a diverted or scattered modulated light beam. A further object is to provide in a smoke detecting device a continuously monitored-electrical circuit and means to signal a failure of the same.
The apparatus, and electrical circuits embodying my invention are described herein and partially shown in the accompanying drawings which form a part of this application and in which: a
Fig. 1 shows a detector circuit used in my invention.
Fig. 2 is a partial schematic and cross sectional view of one embodiment of my invention illustrating the elements used.
Fig. 3 a block diagram of my invention illustrates the combination of elements of my invention.
It will be noticed that Fig. 2 shows a portion of my invention to be contained within a T-shaped smoke-box housing, 10, within which is transmitted the essential 210 cycle modulated light beams 11, from light source 12, perforated disc 16, lens 13, and into black body light traps, 14. The Lucite rod 15, conducts a modulated light 17 from light source 12, modulating disc 16 and directs modulated light beam 17 of 153 cycles towards photocell 18, as a continuous monitoring system to assure operator device is operating.
Air sample 20 is brought into throat 21 past sail switch 21' of housing and passes through light beams 11 and out through apertures 31 and chamber 30 by suction fan apparatus 30. In Figs. 1, 2 and 3, numeral 40 represents the power supply. 42 is the smoke alarm, 43 is apparatus warning alarms, 18" is the low level photocell amplifier with photocell. It will be noted that when sail switch 21' is not pressured by air 20 it functions to sound alarms that apparatus is inoperative. Fig. 1 shows a detector circuit used in my invention and in Fig. 3 41 shows the location of the detector circuit. Disclosed in Fig. 1 is a typical detector circuit which illustrates my method of producing circuit currents to operate auxiliary apparatus as shown. It is obvious that a recording mechanism could also be placed in the circuit to show the time of any failure of the apparatus. 50 shows resonant relays, 51 shows a 6N6G duo-triode tube, 52 shows a 6AC5GT triode tube, 53 shows an 0A4G gas triode, 54 shows a 6C5 triode, 55 shows a SPDT relay, 56 shows a SPDT relay, 57 shows a 4 volt battery, 58 shows the atent 2,783,390 I Patented Feb. 26,
ice
2 smoke alarm cut ofi switch, 59 shows an A. C. voltmeter which reads the signal to the resonant relays, 6 0 shows a couplingv transformer, 61 is a grid bias resistor 2.2 me'gohm, 62 shows a potentiometer 2.5 me'gohm, 63 shows a 10 megohm resistor, 64 shows a l megohm resistor, 65 shows a /4 megohm resistor, 66 shows a 5 megohm resistor, 66' shows'a 22 megohm resistor, 67 shows a .1 mid. capacitor, 63 shows a .2 mfd capacito'r, 69 shows a voltage regulating tube VR150 which'p'revents a high voltage surge from appearing on the plate of the 0A4G tube, 70 shows a 17,500 ohm resistor, 71 shows a 50,000 ohm resistor, 72 shows a 500,000 ohm resistor, and 73 shows a 160,000 ohm resistor. 40 is the power supply, 42 shows the smoke alarm relay, 43 is the warp ing alarm relay, and 18" is the low level photocell amplifier with photocell.
I choose touse a pulsed light wave signal, beam '17, as mentioned above, with characteristics of .153 cycles per second secured from disc 16, as interrupter revolving at 19.1'revolutio'ns per second, having 8 hole system 12c which provides the supervisory testing light wave frequency. 7
As for the smoke warning system, on one end of housing 10 is located a light generator 9 or interrupter, rotatable disc 16, dri'venby asynchronous speed 1800 revolutions per minute elec't'ricmotor i6. Disc 16 has two sets of perforations, viz; hole system 12b near the periphery and 12c near the center of the disc 16. 9 represents the housing for the light source and disc 16.
Hole system 1212 interrupts light 11 from source 12, so as to produce 210 cycles per second modulated. light 1111 which is directed in a parallel mariner from. lens 13, towards light traps 14, as shown in Fig. 4.
Hole system interrupts light 11 at a rate of 153 times persecond and thus produces a modulated light 11b of 153 cycles per second which is continuously directed by Lucite rod 15 into view of photocell 18 through window 18'.
For an explanation of the essential feature of my invention it should be noticed that the 153 cycles per second light signal 11b is continuously beamed into photocell 18 for a circuit test or monitoring purpose, thereby assuring the continuous operable condition of the device, while the 210 cycles per second light 11 is never viewed by photocell 18 unless a quantity of smoke particles are sucked into throat 21 and in passing through light beams 210, scatter a portion 11a of light 11 and reflects a portion 11a into photocell 18, causing it to function and transmit the necessary alarms by means of electrical relays, amplifiers, and auxiliary apparatus not deemed necessary to fully set out in detail.
The power supply indicated in Figs. 1 and 2 by numeral 40, and resonant relays and other auxiliary equipment are not of my invention and being common to the electronic art it is not believed necessary to fully show or explain the same.
Photocell 18in Fig. 2 with associated electrical resonant circuits, is receptive to the two diflferent light frequencies, namely 153 cycles per second for monitoring, and 210 cycles per second for sounding an alarm when smoke, indicating a fire hazard, is present in housing 10 and scatters some portion 11a of light 11 into view of photocell 18 as explained hereinbefore. Thus it will be understood that tuned resonant circuits associated with photocell 18 will function as auxiliary apparatus to operate selected alarms not deemed necessary herein to describe further.
Fig. 3 illustrates by way of a block diagram of my invention, the essential elements and their combination deemed to be a part of my invention.
The electrical circuit shown herein, Fig. l, electrically very stable due to the combination of using A. C. amplifiers with modulated light frequencies, this has been discovered to be of great importance to render the device sensitive and stable in operation, i 7
Having explained and shown my invention, I claim: 1. In a device of the class described, the combination of a photocell responding to one light wave frequency for monitoring purposes and another light wave frequency for alarming purposes, a light source, means for casting light waves of differing frequency from said source, one upon said cell and another in by-passing accessible relation to said cell, and means for passing an air sample through the latter said light wave, relatively solid particles in said sample reflecting light from the said latter wave upon said cell.
2. In a device of the class described, the combination of photoelectric control apparatus including a photocell, a smoke box housing, the interior of which is exposed to said photocell, means for passing a light wave and an air sample through said housing in such intimate contacting relation that solids in said air sample reflect light from said light wave upon said photocell, and means for casting another light wave separately from the first said wave continuously on said photocell.
3- In a device of the class described, the combination of photoelectric control apparatus including a photocell, a smoke box housing, the interior of which is exposed to said photocell, means for passing an air sample through said housing, a light source, means for casting a first light wave from said source through said housing in transverse by-passing relation to said photocell, solid particles in said air sample reflecting light from said first light wave upon said photocell, and means for casting a second light wave directly from said source continuously upon said photocell.
4. A combination according to claim 3, characterized in that said last named means includes a light conducting rod receiving light from said source at its one end and extending into aligned relation with said photocell at its other end. i i
5. In a device of the class described, the combination of a smoke box housing, a photocell exposed to the in menace terior of said'housing, means for passing an air sample through said housing, a light source, a light conducting rod extending through said housing from said source to said photocell to cast a light wave continuously on said photocell, other means directing a second light wave from said source through said housing in intersecting relation to said air sample and in transverse bypassing relation to said photocell, and means for interrupting said light waves in different predetermined frequency.
6. A combination according to claim 5, characterized in that said last named means includes perforate disc means rotating in front of said light source and defining said separate light waves as well as the relative frequency thereof.
7. In a device of the class described, the combination of a smoke box housing, a photocell exposed to the inteiior of said housing, a light source beaming light into said housing, a light control means interposed in front of said light source and separating the light beamed into said housing into first and second waves, means for projecting said first wave in by-passing relation to said photocell, and means for projecting said second wave directly on said photocell, and means for passing an air sample through said first light wave, solids in said sample refleeting light from said first wave upon said photocell.
8. A combination according to claim 7, characterized inthat said light control means includes a rotating disc having radially spaced apart series of perforations defining the said first and second light waves and different frequencies for said light waves.
References Cited in the tile of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,672,671 Young June 5, 1928 1,828,894 Freygang Oct. 27, 1931 1,996,233 Darrah Apr. 2, 1935 2,196,166 Bryce Apr. 2, 1940 2,301,367 Cahusac et a1 Nov. 10, 1942 2,486,622 White, Ir. .r... Nov. 1, 1949 2,506,672 Kell et a1. May 9, 1950
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Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2928951A (en) * 1956-06-20 1960-03-15 Barton Electronics Inc Gage combination of optical comparator and photoelectric device and the photoelectric device
US2978582A (en) * 1957-08-16 1961-04-04 Schoepe Adolf Smoke detector
US3080947A (en) * 1961-02-02 1963-03-12 Toledo Scale Corp Elevator controls
US3122638A (en) * 1959-01-22 1964-02-25 Pyrotector Inc Infrared detector system for flame and particle detection
US3127464A (en) * 1960-11-01 1964-03-31 Royco Instr Inc Light source standardizing device
US3240109A (en) * 1962-07-24 1966-03-15 Specialties Dev Corp Supervised apparatus for detecting suspended matter in fluids
US3354772A (en) * 1961-11-16 1967-11-28 Bowser Inc Instrument and process for testing contamination in liquid materials
US4099178A (en) * 1977-04-07 1978-07-04 Emdeko International, Inc. Test means for light responsive smoke detector

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1672671A (en) * 1927-01-20 1928-06-05 Gen Electric Photo-electric photometer
US1828894A (en) * 1928-10-30 1931-10-27 Kidde & Co Walter Supervisory system for detecting suspended matter in fluids
US1996233A (en) * 1930-05-26 1935-04-02 William A Darrah Automatic measuring apparatus
US2196166A (en) * 1939-06-30 1940-04-02 Ibm Data reproducing machine
US2301367A (en) * 1940-03-19 1942-11-10 C O Two Fire Equipment Co Smoke detector and signal
US2486622A (en) * 1947-10-30 1949-11-01 Southern Res Inst Photoelectric apparatus for determining the physical properties of substances by alteating exposure to light
US2506672A (en) * 1945-10-31 1950-05-09 Rca Corp Signal transmission system

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1672671A (en) * 1927-01-20 1928-06-05 Gen Electric Photo-electric photometer
US1828894A (en) * 1928-10-30 1931-10-27 Kidde & Co Walter Supervisory system for detecting suspended matter in fluids
US1996233A (en) * 1930-05-26 1935-04-02 William A Darrah Automatic measuring apparatus
US2196166A (en) * 1939-06-30 1940-04-02 Ibm Data reproducing machine
US2301367A (en) * 1940-03-19 1942-11-10 C O Two Fire Equipment Co Smoke detector and signal
US2506672A (en) * 1945-10-31 1950-05-09 Rca Corp Signal transmission system
US2486622A (en) * 1947-10-30 1949-11-01 Southern Res Inst Photoelectric apparatus for determining the physical properties of substances by alteating exposure to light

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2928951A (en) * 1956-06-20 1960-03-15 Barton Electronics Inc Gage combination of optical comparator and photoelectric device and the photoelectric device
US2978582A (en) * 1957-08-16 1961-04-04 Schoepe Adolf Smoke detector
US3122638A (en) * 1959-01-22 1964-02-25 Pyrotector Inc Infrared detector system for flame and particle detection
US3127464A (en) * 1960-11-01 1964-03-31 Royco Instr Inc Light source standardizing device
US3080947A (en) * 1961-02-02 1963-03-12 Toledo Scale Corp Elevator controls
US3354772A (en) * 1961-11-16 1967-11-28 Bowser Inc Instrument and process for testing contamination in liquid materials
US3240109A (en) * 1962-07-24 1966-03-15 Specialties Dev Corp Supervised apparatus for detecting suspended matter in fluids
US4099178A (en) * 1977-04-07 1978-07-04 Emdeko International, Inc. Test means for light responsive smoke detector

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