US2824969A - Treatment of materials by electronic bombardment - Google Patents
Treatment of materials by electronic bombardment Download PDFInfo
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- US2824969A US2824969A US482287A US48228755A US2824969A US 2824969 A US2824969 A US 2824969A US 482287 A US482287 A US 482287A US 48228755 A US48228755 A US 48228755A US 2824969 A US2824969 A US 2824969A
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L2/00—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor
- A61L2/02—Methods or apparatus for disinfecting or sterilising materials or objects other than foodstuffs or contact lenses; Accessories therefor using physical phenomena
- A61L2/08—Radiation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
- A23L—FOODS, FOODSTUFFS, OR NON-ALCOHOLIC BEVERAGES, NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES A21D OR A23B-A23J; THEIR PREPARATION OR TREATMENT, e.g. COOKING, MODIFICATION OF NUTRITIVE QUALITIES, PHYSICAL TREATMENT; PRESERVATION OF FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS, IN GENERAL
- A23L3/00—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs
- A23L3/26—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by irradiation without heating
- A23L3/263—Preservation of foods or foodstuffs, in general, e.g. pasteurising, sterilising, specially adapted for foods or foodstuffs by irradiation without heating with corpuscular or ionising radiation, i.e. X, alpha, beta or omega radiation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G21—NUCLEAR PHYSICS; NUCLEAR ENGINEERING
- G21K—TECHNIQUES FOR HANDLING PARTICLES OR IONISING RADIATION NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; IRRADIATION DEVICES; GAMMA RAY OR X-RAY MICROSCOPES
- G21K1/00—Arrangements for handling particles or ionising radiation, e.g. focusing or moderating
- G21K1/08—Deviation, concentration or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means
- G21K1/093—Deviation, concentration or focusing of the beam by electric or magnetic means by magnetic means
Definitions
- This invention relates to the irradiation of material by electronic bombardment and has an important application in the sterilisation of foods, chemicals, and medical and surgical apparatus, and the like.
- high energy electron beams are capable of penetrating substances to a considerable depth and in doing so are effective in destroying living organisms such as bacteria.
- the sterilisation action of high energy electron beams is extremely rapid and hence articles and materials to be sterilised can be processed in a continuous flow movement across the electron beam.
- Examples of apparatus suitable for producing such an electron beam are linear accelerators, the Van de Graaif generator and the betatron.
- the area irradiated will also be approximately circular.
- a circular cross-sectional shape is unsuitable, for instance, in cases above instanced in which the material to be irradiated moves continually across the beam, it follows that parts at the centre will cross the full diameter of the beam and hence receive a much larger dose than the parts at the side which will only intersect a sector of the beam. This unequal dosage is accentuated by the fact that the intensity of the beam is not uniform but is greatest at the centre and reduces towards the edges.
- the main object of the invention is to provide an improved arrangement for providing a beam, the crosssectional shape of which is elongated so that its dimension along the direction of movement of the materials being treated will be substantially uniform.
- an electron beam emitter has means for projecting the electron beam through a magnetic field whereby the beam is deflected laterally so as to traverse a curved path and is also spread laterally in the plane of curvature so that the resultant beam has an elongated cross-section.
- the deflecting field is produced between a pair of fiat faced pole pieces which are splayed outwardly so that their separation is greatest and hence the field weakest towards the outside of the curvature of the electron path.
- Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically the' beam normally produced by a high voltage electron accelerator; whilst Fig. 2 is a plan view of a moving belt carrying objects to be irradiated, and indicates the area affected by the beam;
- FIG. 3 shows a side view of apparatus embodying the invention
- Fig. 4 is a section on the line IV-IV of Fig. 3;
- Fig. 5 shows approximately the shape of beam which can be produced with this apparatus
- Fig. 6 shows a modified form of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3.
- Fig. 7 shows a design of pole pieces alternative to those shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
- the reference 1 indicates the end of an electron accelerator such as a linear accelerator having a metal foil window 2.
- the emerging beam is shown as falling on a surface 3 and the propagation of the beam is indicated by the dotted lines 4.
- the line 5 indicates graphically the distribution of intensity across a section of the beam and it will be observed that the intensity is greatest at the centre of the beam and reduces appreciably towards the edges.
- Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the beam of Fig. 1 in which the rays are projected vertically downwards on to the surface 3 which is shown as a carrier for materials being treated, the materials being in the form of reactangular objects 6.
- the shape of the beam will be circular, as indicated by the dotted line 7, and it will be readily appreciated that with a beam of the shape shown in Fig. 2, and intensity distribution as shown in Fig. l, the material along the centre of the conveyor surface 3 will be treated to a much greater extent than that at the outsides of the rectangles.
- Figs. 3 and 4 show the improved arrangement embodying the invention.
- the reference 1 again indicates the outlet end of a linear accelerator having a window 2, whilst the electrons, after leaving the window 2, pass between the pole pieces 8 of a magnet system. These will deflect the beam so that it will follow a curved path, as indicated in the drawing. Whilst the pole pieces are also splayed outwardly, as shown more clearly in Fig. 4, with the result that the magnetic field density is greatest on the inside of the curve and reduces progressively towards the outside of the curve, this will have the effect of elongating the beam in the plane of curvature so that it will ultimately have a shape somewhat as indicated in Fig.
- a second metallic foil 10 in order further to scatter the beam if in elongating the section of the beam in lateral direction too narrow a strip results due to the focusing action of the non-uniform magnetic field in the plane at right angles to that in which the beam is being spread.
- a further feature of the invention consists in splitting the beam into two component beams and applying one component to one side of the material and the other component to the opposite side.
- a modified arrangement for doing this is shown in Fig. 6 in which the magnet pole pieces 8' are elongated at 11 on the inside of the curve and are so shaped that the beam is split into two component beams 12 and 13, of which the beam 12 bombards the top surface of the mate rial 14. whilst the other half of the beam 13 passes between further magnetic poles, indicated at 15, whereby it is deflected through approximately and bombards the lower surface of the material 14.
- the field produced Patented Feb. 25, 1958 j i the pole. pieces 8 may either; be pole .piecestoipermanent ,magnets or of'electroamagnets.
- the poles may be uniform, or, ifjt is desired to;
- An electron beam emitter. apparatus ans: r Pr c i n ectm e m aj tasn q 1 producing a magnetic field across said beanf to use e fb m o e w.
- said magnet having a, separation which decreases; ss elyww r slheqs'n i of? curvature. and l oiis asidrt ia ie i telu tanse aa serted between said pole piec s itoassist in c intensityofihe e qabeam qy t a rqses s i. n y r to f asart: he; swee hma h ai 4.
- Apparatus for irradiating objects with electrons.
- V and means for producing a second'fmagneticrfield across ⁇ one of st qomaqaent eamin am ddestitfi an angle of'approximately .18Q softhat in operation ob- 1 jects may be irradiated ontwo oppositesides'by said-two component beams ,5. Apparatus for.
- irradiating objects 'with electrons comprising means for'projectingian electron beam; a ma 'net forprod c cause said beam" to follow a curvedpath, pole p ieces for' said magnet” having a s'eparation which decreasesproserted betweensaid polep iece'sto' as angle of" approximately I SQ ⁇ s othat in operation objects may be adia d n 'vq a ite si i t id 1W0 m-T ponent" beams; and a-conveyor:totransport saidobject"' through said component electronbeams.
- magnet for produ cinga magnet field across saidbeam tocause said beam to follow a curved path, pole pieces'have 7 ing aseparation which decreases; progressively towards the centre of curvature of the beam whereby the"beams'- cross-'section-is elongated in the plane ofi curvature and a conveyor to transport said objects through said electron beam.
Description
Feb. 25, 1958 M. C. CROWLEY-MILLING TREATMENT OF MATERIALS BY ELECTRONIC BOMBARDMENT Filed Jan. 17, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 1 TREATMENT OF MATERIALS BY ELECTRONIC BOMBARDMENT Filed Jan. 17, 1955 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 INVENT ATTORNEYS United States Patent 9 TREATMENT OF MATERIALS BY ELECTRONIC BOMBARDMENT Application January 17, 1955, Serial No. 482,287
Claims priority, application Great Britain February 1, 1954 6 Claims. (Cl. 250-495) This invention relates to the irradiation of material by electronic bombardment and has an important application in the sterilisation of foods, chemicals, and medical and surgical apparatus, and the like.
It has been found that high energy electron beams are capable of penetrating substances to a considerable depth and in doing so are effective in destroying living organisms such as bacteria. The sterilisation action of high energy electron beams is extremely rapid and hence articles and materials to be sterilised can be processed in a continuous flow movement across the electron beam.
Examples of apparatus suitable for producing such an electron beam are linear accelerators, the Van de Graaif generator and the betatron.
In applying such apparatus for this purpose it is usual to provide the vacuum enclosure with a window consisting of thin metallic foil hermetically sealed to the surrounding wall of the vacuum chamber, which foil must be strong enough mechanically to withstand the atmospheric pressure but at the same time sufiiciently thin to permit of the passage of the greater part of the electron beam. 7
It will be appreciated, however, that the passage of the beam through such a window will cause a certain amount of scattering depending upon the thickness of the window and the density of the foil material.
Since the original beam is normally of approximately circular cross-section the area irradiated will also be approximately circular. However, in many cases a circular cross-sectional shape is unsuitable, for instance, in cases above instanced in which the material to be irradiated moves continually across the beam, it follows that parts at the centre will cross the full diameter of the beam and hence receive a much larger dose than the parts at the side which will only intersect a sector of the beam. This unequal dosage is accentuated by the fact that the intensity of the beam is not uniform but is greatest at the centre and reduces towards the edges.
The main object of the invention is to provide an improved arrangement for providing a beam, the crosssectional shape of which is elongated so that its dimension along the direction of movement of the materials being treated will be substantially uniform.
According to the present invention an electron beam emitter has means for projecting the electron beam through a magnetic field whereby the beam is deflected laterally so as to traverse a curved path and is also spread laterally in the plane of curvature so that the resultant beam has an elongated cross-section.
Preferably the deflecting field is produced between a pair of fiat faced pole pieces which are splayed outwardly so that their separation is greatest and hence the field weakest towards the outside of the curvature of the electron path.
In order that the invention may be more clearly understood, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawings, in which:
. 9 underneath Fig. 3.
Fig. 1 shows diagrammatically the' beam normally produced by a high voltage electron accelerator; whilst Fig. 2 is a plan view of a moving belt carrying objects to be irradiated, and indicates the area affected by the beam;
Fig. 3 shows a side view of apparatus embodying the invention; whilst Fig. 4 is a section on the line IV-IV of Fig. 3;
Fig. 5 shows approximately the shape of beam which can be produced with this apparatus;
Fig. 6 shows a modified form of the apparatus shown in Fig. 3.
Fig. 7 shows a design of pole pieces alternative to those shown in Fig. 3 and Fig. 4.
Referring first to Fig. 1, the reference 1 indicates the end of an electron accelerator such as a linear accelerator having a metal foil window 2. The emerging beam is shown as falling on a surface 3 and the propagation of the beam is indicated by the dotted lines 4. The line 5 indicates graphically the distribution of intensity across a section of the beam and it will be observed that the intensity is greatest at the centre of the beam and reduces appreciably towards the edges.
Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the beam of Fig. 1 in which the rays are projected vertically downwards on to the surface 3 which is shown as a carrier for materials being treated, the materials being in the form of reactangular objects 6. The shape of the beam, however, as above explained, will be circular, as indicated by the dotted line 7, and it will be readily appreciated that with a beam of the shape shown in Fig. 2, and intensity distribution as shown in Fig. l, the material along the centre of the conveyor surface 3 will be treated to a much greater extent than that at the outsides of the rectangles.
Figs. 3 and 4 show the improved arrangement embodying the invention. In this drawing, the reference 1 again indicates the outlet end of a linear accelerator having a window 2, whilst the electrons, after leaving the window 2, pass between the pole pieces 8 of a magnet system. These will deflect the beam so that it will follow a curved path, as indicated in the drawing. Whilst the pole pieces are also splayed outwardly, as shown more clearly in Fig. 4, with the result that the magnetic field density is greatest on the inside of the curve and reduces progressively towards the outside of the curve, this will have the effect of elongating the beam in the plane of curvature so that it will ultimately have a shape somewhat as indicated in Fig. 5 and the distribution of intensity will be as indicated by the curve In some cases it may be desirable to insert a second metallic foil 10 in order further to scatter the beam if in elongating the section of the beam in lateral direction too narrow a strip results due to the focusing action of the non-uniform magnetic field in the plane at right angles to that in which the beam is being spread.
In treating materials which are of appreciable thickness it may be found that the electrons only partially penetrate the material and a further feature of the invention consists in splitting the beam into two component beams and applying one component to one side of the material and the other component to the opposite side. A modified arrangement for doing this is shown in Fig. 6 in which the magnet pole pieces 8' are elongated at 11 on the inside of the curve and are so shaped that the beam is split into two component beams 12 and 13, of which the beam 12 bombards the top surface of the mate rial 14. whilst the other half of the beam 13 passes between further magnetic poles, indicated at 15, whereby it is deflected through approximately and bombards the lower surface of the material 14. The field produced Patented Feb. 25, 1958 j i the pole. pieces 8 may either; be pole .piecestoipermanent ,magnets or of'electroamagnets.
' of curvature, means for splitting-the electron heap;
whereby beemis-cr ssec onn l aa mm hl beam."
'by the poles may be uniform, or, ifjt is desired to;
shape the beam further, non-uniform. 7
.It 'will be appreciated'thatin the arrangement shown Whilst in-the arrangement shown the nonuniform mag- V neti fi' ldi s b n tai edy n sp ay na ut o l pole pieces, giving an approximately-linear variation offield with:displacement fromthe 'mean path it tnay be desirable to have this variation other thanlinear; to achieve any desired variation of intensity across the beam ofelectrons, and this maybe done bytshapingth e pole. pieces, inserting material v0t graded magnetiggrev' s ase .9;.21 1 241 ;;1 e wee a ral l qle Wh mlaim 1. An electron beam emitter. apparatus; ans: r Pr c i n ectm e m aj tasn q 1 producing a magnetic field across said beanf to use e fb m o e w. a curved pat p l n ece .t r a ki- .magnet having a separation which decreases prog resi sively towards the centre of curvature of the beam where by the beams cross-section is elongated in the plane of t re. me s pl n h lec o heam r t ttw component beams separated in the plane o f curg atur e and means for producing a second magnetic fi Id;ac'ross m l pp s x m e y wi V t 2-- PP m$ o s r t x bie s w th. e ec ron p n -me r P ct ane ctr nbe mw ma i net for producing a magneticfield across s aid beam to.
cause said beam to follow acurved path pole pieflces to saidtmagnet having a separation which decreases pro-u gressively 1 towards the; centre of; curvature ,of the beam; 7
whereby the beams cross section is;e1ongate51 in the- 1a e.
two emp t ea s swa n'thelplam icada-1 ture, and means for producing a second magn c field across one of said component beams sp as to;defieg t;it
ou a ang e fipamxim el 8.92 n h tin were? 40 n b e ma i r ate an; p r e s es: by said'two component beams c c ppara s' r rad t n q iect w e ectrons comprising means for projecting an electron. beam a ma ne e vs naa-ma eti fie d. sr ss d een. to e. a d b m. IQ 3 1924 a ,e rredzp th. le pieqe for. said magnet having a, separation which decreases; ss elyww r slheqs'n i of? curvature. and l oiis asidrt ia ie i telu tanse aa serted between said pole piec s itoassist in c intensityofihe e qabeam qy t a rqses s i. n y r to f asart: he; swee hma h ai 4. Apparatus for irradiating: objects with electrons.
comprising'means for projecting an electron beam, a
' magnet for producing a magnetic field across said beam to' cause said beam to follow a curved path, pole pieces for said magnet having a separation which decreases progressively towards the centre of. curvature of the beam 7 whereby! the. beams' fcross-section elongated in the plane of curvature, material of gradd magnetic reluct:
' ands-.inserted. between said: pole. pieces .to,.assist;.in. con-s trolling.the'fintensitvof;the; electron, beam aover its cros s c sectio i,l' neans for splittingfthe electron. beam intomtfwo component ,beams separated in the plane of curvature, 1
V and means for producing a second'fmagneticrfield across} one of st qomaqaent eamin am ddestitfi an angle of'approximately .18Q softhat in operation ob- 1 jects may be irradiated ontwo oppositesides'by said-two component beams ,5. Apparatus for. irradiating objects 'with electrons, comprising means for'projectingian electron beam; a ma 'net forprod c cause said beam" to follow a curvedpath, pole p ieces for' said magnet" having a s'eparation which decreasesproserted betweensaid polep iece'sto' as angle of" approximately I SQ {s othat in operation objects may be adia d n 'vq a ite si i t id 1W0 m-T ponent" beams; and a-conveyor:totransport saidobject"' through said component electronbeams.
6. Apparatus 'fofirr'adiai 'gobject" withelectrons; V c comprisinge'means for projecting" an electron; beam, a
magnet=for produ cinga magnet field across saidbeam tocause said beam to follow a curved path, pole pieces'have 7 ing aseparation which decreases; progressively towards the centre of curvature of the beam whereby the"beams'- cross-'section-is elongated in the plane ofi curvature and a conveyor to transport said objects through said electron beam.
References the; file of this patent N E TATE A ENT I V "Iingley Oct. 14,} 19411 2.602J51 Ro ins n, any 8, 19 .2; 2,680,815 Burril l-- June 8, 1254
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GB2824969X | 1954-02-01 |
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US482287A Expired - Lifetime US2824969A (en) | 1954-02-01 | 1955-01-17 | Treatment of materials by electronic bombardment |
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Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2866902A (en) * | 1955-07-05 | 1958-12-30 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Method of and apparatus for irradiating matter with high energy electrons |
US2897365A (en) * | 1956-09-28 | 1959-07-28 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Irradiation method and apparatus |
US2931903A (en) * | 1957-06-17 | 1960-04-05 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Acceleration and application of high intensity electron beams for radiation processing |
US2941077A (en) * | 1958-07-07 | 1960-06-14 | Applied Radiation Corp | Method of enlarging and shaping charged particle beams |
US2993120A (en) * | 1959-01-14 | 1961-07-18 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Electron irradiation |
US3243667A (en) * | 1962-04-09 | 1966-03-29 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Non dispersive magnetic deflection apparatus and method |
US3308293A (en) * | 1963-04-24 | 1967-03-07 | Ass Elect Ind | Method of selectively separating charged particles using a variable intensity non-uniform magnetic field |
US3360647A (en) * | 1964-09-14 | 1967-12-26 | Varian Associates | Electron accelerator with specific deflecting magnet structure and x-ray target |
US3876373A (en) * | 1968-03-18 | 1975-04-08 | Nicholas D Glyptis | Method and apparatus for modifying the reproductive mechanism of organisms |
US3903421A (en) * | 1972-12-18 | 1975-09-02 | Siemens Ag | Device for irradiation with energy rich electrons |
US5004926A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1991-04-02 | Cgr Mev | Device for the irradiation of a product on both faces |
EP0582193A1 (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1994-02-09 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Synchrotron radiation light-source apparatus and method of manufacturing same |
US6429608B1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2002-08-06 | Mitec Incorporated | Direct injection accelerator method and system |
US20020162971A1 (en) * | 2001-04-02 | 2002-11-07 | Mitec Incorporated | Irradiation system and method |
US6653641B2 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2003-11-25 | Mitec Incorporated | Bulk material irradiation system and method |
US6683319B1 (en) | 2001-07-17 | 2004-01-27 | Mitec Incorporated | System and method for irradiation with improved dosage uniformity |
US6707049B1 (en) | 2000-03-21 | 2004-03-16 | Mitec Incorporated | Irradiation system with compact shield |
US6713773B1 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 2004-03-30 | Mitec, Inc. | Irradiation system and method |
US20040126466A1 (en) * | 2001-04-02 | 2004-07-01 | Mitec Incorporated | Method of providing extended shelf life fresh meat products |
US20070237866A1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2007-10-11 | Mitec Incorporated | Process for the extension of microbial life and color life of fresh meat products |
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US2259233A (en) * | 1938-08-08 | 1941-10-14 | Cinema Television Ltd | Cathode ray deflecting apparatus |
US2602751A (en) * | 1950-08-17 | 1952-07-08 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Method for sterilizing substances or materials such as food and drugs |
US2680815A (en) * | 1950-12-28 | 1954-06-08 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Method of and apparatus for treating substances with high energy electrons |
-
1955
- 1955-01-17 US US482287A patent/US2824969A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2259233A (en) * | 1938-08-08 | 1941-10-14 | Cinema Television Ltd | Cathode ray deflecting apparatus |
US2602751A (en) * | 1950-08-17 | 1952-07-08 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Method for sterilizing substances or materials such as food and drugs |
US2680815A (en) * | 1950-12-28 | 1954-06-08 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Method of and apparatus for treating substances with high energy electrons |
Cited By (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2866902A (en) * | 1955-07-05 | 1958-12-30 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Method of and apparatus for irradiating matter with high energy electrons |
US2897365A (en) * | 1956-09-28 | 1959-07-28 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Irradiation method and apparatus |
US2931903A (en) * | 1957-06-17 | 1960-04-05 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Acceleration and application of high intensity electron beams for radiation processing |
US2941077A (en) * | 1958-07-07 | 1960-06-14 | Applied Radiation Corp | Method of enlarging and shaping charged particle beams |
US2993120A (en) * | 1959-01-14 | 1961-07-18 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Electron irradiation |
US3243667A (en) * | 1962-04-09 | 1966-03-29 | High Voltage Engineering Corp | Non dispersive magnetic deflection apparatus and method |
US3308293A (en) * | 1963-04-24 | 1967-03-07 | Ass Elect Ind | Method of selectively separating charged particles using a variable intensity non-uniform magnetic field |
US3360647A (en) * | 1964-09-14 | 1967-12-26 | Varian Associates | Electron accelerator with specific deflecting magnet structure and x-ray target |
US3876373A (en) * | 1968-03-18 | 1975-04-08 | Nicholas D Glyptis | Method and apparatus for modifying the reproductive mechanism of organisms |
US3903421A (en) * | 1972-12-18 | 1975-09-02 | Siemens Ag | Device for irradiation with energy rich electrons |
US5004926A (en) * | 1988-09-16 | 1991-04-02 | Cgr Mev | Device for the irradiation of a product on both faces |
US5483129A (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1996-01-09 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Synchrotron radiation light-source apparatus and method of manufacturing same |
EP0582193A1 (en) * | 1992-07-28 | 1994-02-09 | Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha | Synchrotron radiation light-source apparatus and method of manufacturing same |
US6713773B1 (en) | 1999-10-07 | 2004-03-30 | Mitec, Inc. | Irradiation system and method |
US6781330B1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2004-08-24 | Mitec Incorporated | Direct injection accelerator method and system |
US6429608B1 (en) | 2000-02-18 | 2002-08-06 | Mitec Incorporated | Direct injection accelerator method and system |
US6653641B2 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2003-11-25 | Mitec Incorporated | Bulk material irradiation system and method |
US20040113094A1 (en) * | 2000-02-24 | 2004-06-17 | Mitec Incorporated | Bulk material irradiation system and method |
US7067822B2 (en) | 2000-02-24 | 2006-06-27 | Mitec Incorporated | Bulk material irradiation system and method |
US6707049B1 (en) | 2000-03-21 | 2004-03-16 | Mitec Incorporated | Irradiation system with compact shield |
US20020162971A1 (en) * | 2001-04-02 | 2002-11-07 | Mitec Incorporated | Irradiation system and method |
US20040126466A1 (en) * | 2001-04-02 | 2004-07-01 | Mitec Incorporated | Method of providing extended shelf life fresh meat products |
US6885011B2 (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2005-04-26 | Mitec Incorporated | Irradiation system and method |
US20050178977A1 (en) * | 2001-04-02 | 2005-08-18 | Mitec Incorporated | Irradiation system and method |
US7154103B2 (en) | 2001-04-02 | 2006-12-26 | Mitec Incorporated | Method of providing extended shelf life fresh meat products |
US6683319B1 (en) | 2001-07-17 | 2004-01-27 | Mitec Incorporated | System and method for irradiation with improved dosage uniformity |
US20070237866A1 (en) * | 2006-03-10 | 2007-10-11 | Mitec Incorporated | Process for the extension of microbial life and color life of fresh meat products |
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