US2896304A - Process for obtaining a velvet-like coating or covering material - Google Patents

Process for obtaining a velvet-like coating or covering material Download PDF

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US2896304A
US2896304A US396276A US39627653A US2896304A US 2896304 A US2896304 A US 2896304A US 396276 A US396276 A US 396276A US 39627653 A US39627653 A US 39627653A US 2896304 A US2896304 A US 2896304A
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Prior art keywords
velvet
textile material
napping
heat
synthetic
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US396276A
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Peroni Carlo
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Classifications

    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H11/00—Non-woven pile fabrics
    • D04H11/08—Non-woven pile fabrics formed by creation of a pile on at least one surface of a non-woven fabric without addition of pile-forming material, e.g. by needling, by differential shrinking
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B25/00—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber
    • B32B25/10—Layered products comprising a layer of natural or synthetic rubber next to a fibrous or filamentary layer
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N7/00—Flexible sheet materials not otherwise provided for, e.g. textile threads, filaments, yarns or tow, glued on macromolecular material
    • D06N7/0063—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf
    • D06N7/0071—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing
    • D06N7/0081—Floor covering on textile basis comprising a fibrous top layer being coated at the back with at least one polymer layer, e.g. carpets, rugs, synthetic turf characterised by their backing, e.g. pre-coat, back coating, secondary backing, cushion backing with at least one extra fibrous layer at the backing, e.g. stabilizing fibrous layer, fibrous secondary backing
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • D06N2201/0218—Vinyl resin fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2201/00—Chemical constitution of the fibres, threads or yarns
    • D06N2201/02—Synthetic macromolecular fibres
    • D06N2201/0263—Polyamide fibres
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2203/00—Macromolecular materials of the coating layers
    • D06N2203/02—Natural macromolecular compounds or derivatives thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N—WALL, FLOOR, OR LIKE COVERING MATERIALS, e.g. LINOLEUM, OILCLOTH, ARTIFICIAL LEATHER, ROOFING FELT, CONSISTING OF A FIBROUS WEB COATED WITH A LAYER OF MACROMOLECULAR MATERIAL; FLEXIBLE SHEET MATERIAL NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06N2205/00—Condition, form or state of the materials
    • D06N2205/20—Cured materials, e.g. vulcanised, cross-linked
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/2395—Nap type surface

Definitions

  • the present invention proposes to create a coating or covering material for the purposes specified above, having the appearance of velvet and being provided with all of the advantages mentioned above and moreover provided with a thickness and sturdiness that render it suitable as a covering for floors and at a very moderate cost as compared with usual carpets of animal or vegetable fibres.
  • the process according to the present invention consists in heat treating a textile of synthetic or artificial fibres, laminating it with a sheet of thermoplastic material with the application of heat at a temperature not higher than that at which the textile article was treated previously and subjecting the material obtained to napping.
  • the textile material is first heat-treated at a temperature at least equal to that of subsequent treatment so as to resist any deformation and so that the finished product remains free from distortion.
  • Fig. 1 is a diagrammatical view of the manufacturing process
  • Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the fabric as it appears during preliminary heat-treatment
  • Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the fabric as it appears during passage of the fabric through a rubber solution bath
  • Fig. 4 is a sectional View of the fabric after a coupling of said fabric and a rubber sheet
  • Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the finished material as it appears after the napping operation.
  • a polyamide fabric composed of a row of parallel threads 7 coupled by thin weft threads 8 is, as a first step, subjected to a heat-treatment, shown at 1.
  • This heat-treatment is at a temperature of 150 C. and for a duration of 20 minutes.
  • the heat-treated fabric is passed through a bath of rubber solution, this phase being represented by 2 in Fig. 1, whereby the fabric is impregnated with rubber which fills all the interstices between the threads, as shown by 9.
  • a thicker layer 11 of rubber compound of uniform thickness is joined to the thus formed product as indicated by 3 in Fig. 1.
  • the composite material, shown in Fig. 4, is vulcanized at a temperature of C. for 15 minutes, this being step 4 in Fig. 1.
  • the final step 5 is the napping of the composite material, which is performed by passing said material through a napping machine of conventional type, the rollers of which are fitted with reasonably stiff pins; the napping is applied, of course, to the side other than the one constituted by the rubber base and is of such an intensity as to affect a part of the threads 7, as shown in Fig. 5, wherein 12 are the raised fibres.
  • the threads constituting the fabric are broken and made fluify, so as to produce a velvet-like finish; at the same time part of the rubber which impregnates said threads is removed since it is scraped away by the napping pins.
  • the textile material is constituted by synthetic or artificial fibres such as, for example, polyamide fibres, polyvinyl fibres and other analogous
  • the plastic material may be, for example, rubber, polyvinyl chloride or any other suitable thermoplastic material.
  • the textile material may be dyed or not, prior coupled with the plastic material, or one may dyeing of the finished material before or after the with conventional methods.
  • a process for manufacturing a velvet-like material which is essentially composed of a synthetic textile material bonded to a thermoplastic backing comprising heat-treating the synthetic textile material at a predetermined temperature, impregnating the textile material with a compound of thenno-plastic material, laminating the impregnated textile material with a thermoplastic backing, curing the composite material thus obtained at a temperature which is less than said predetermined temperature, and napping said textile material in part.
  • a process for manufacturing a velvet-like material which is essentially composed of a synthetic textile ma terial bonded to a thermoplastic backing comprising heat-treating the synthetic textile material, impregnating the textile material with a compound of thermoplastic material, laminating the impregnated textile material with a thermoplastic backing, curing by heating the composite material thus obtained, napping said textile material at least in part, and maintaining the temperature to being effect a napping possible to elfect a shearing and duration of said preliminary heat-treating of the synthetic textile material at magnitudes greater than that of the temperature and duration of the curing.

Description

c. PERONI 2,896,304 PROCESS FOR os'mmmc A VELVET-LIKE com'ruc 0R covsamc MATERIAL Filed Dec. 4, 1953 July 28, 1959 2,896,304 Patented July 28, 1959 ice PROCESS FOR OBTAWNING A VELVET-LIKE COAT- G OR COVERENG MATERIAL Carlo Pcroni, Milan, Italy Application December 4, 1953, Serial No. 396,276 Claims priority, application Italy December 16, 1952 2 Claims. (Cl. 2872) This invention relates to methods for preparing velvet- ]ike products.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a process for producing a covering or coating material having the appearance of velvet.
The fabrics of certain synthetic fibres such as polyamide fibres possess considerable strength, very great durability and are readily cleaned and thus have all of the requirements desirable in carpets. An article of this kind, however, has to be very sturdy and heavy and, consequently, if manufactured entirely of said synthetic material, it would turn out to be so costly as to be impractical.
The present invention proposes to create a coating or covering material for the purposes specified above, having the appearance of velvet and being provided with all of the advantages mentioned above and moreover provided with a thickness and sturdiness that render it suitable as a covering for floors and at a very moderate cost as compared with usual carpets of animal or vegetable fibres.
The process according to the present invention consists in heat treating a textile of synthetic or artificial fibres, laminating it with a sheet of thermoplastic material with the application of heat at a temperature not higher than that at which the textile article was treated previously and subjecting the material obtained to napping.
With this process, it is possible to obtain a material which appears to have the appearance of a rug, and the product has considerable strength due to the layer of plastic material.
In the process according to the present invention, the textile material is first heat-treated at a temperature at least equal to that of subsequent treatment so as to resist any deformation and so that the finished product remains free from distortion.
An example of a process according to the invention is hereinafter described merely by way of illustration with reference to the accompanying drawing, wherein:
Fig. 1 is a diagrammatical view of the manufacturing process,
Fig. 2 is a sectional view of the fabric as it appears during preliminary heat-treatment,
Fig. 3 is a sectional view of the fabric as it appears during passage of the fabric through a rubber solution bath,
' Fig. 4 is a sectional View of the fabric after a coupling of said fabric and a rubber sheet, and
Fig. 5 is a sectional view of the finished material as it appears after the napping operation.
According to the process as illustrated in Figs. 1 and 2, a polyamide fabric, composed of a row of parallel threads 7 coupled by thin weft threads 8 is, as a first step, subjected to a heat-treatment, shown at 1. This heat-treatment is at a temperature of 150 C. and for a duration of 20 minutes. Then the heat-treated fabric is passed through a bath of rubber solution, this phase being represented by 2 in Fig. 1, whereby the fabric is impregnated with rubber which fills all the interstices between the threads, as shown by 9.
A thicker layer 11 of rubber compound of uniform thickness is joined to the thus formed product as indicated by 3 in Fig. 1. The composite material, shown in Fig. 4, is vulcanized at a temperature of C. for 15 minutes, this being step 4 in Fig. 1.
The final step 5 is the napping of the composite material, which is performed by passing said material through a napping machine of conventional type, the rollers of which are fitted with reasonably stiff pins; the napping is applied, of course, to the side other than the one constituted by the rubber base and is of such an intensity as to affect a part of the threads 7, as shown in Fig. 5, wherein 12 are the raised fibres.
As a consequence of the last described operation, the threads constituting the fabric are broken and made fluify, so as to produce a velvet-like finish; at the same time part of the rubber which impregnates said threads is removed since it is scraped away by the napping pins.
The product thus obtained is shown, as aforesaid, in Fig. 5.
As indicated above, the textile material is constituted by synthetic or artificial fibres such as, for example, polyamide fibres, polyvinyl fibres and other analogous The plastic material may be, for example, rubber, polyvinyl chloride or any other suitable thermoplastic material.
The textile material may be dyed or not, prior coupled with the plastic material, or one may dyeing of the finished material before or after the with conventional methods.
After napping it is also operation if so desired.
What is claimed is:
1. A process for manufacturing a velvet-like material which is essentially composed of a synthetic textile material bonded to a thermoplastic backing comprising heat-treating the synthetic textile material at a predetermined temperature, impregnating the textile material with a compound of thenno-plastic material, laminating the impregnated textile material with a thermoplastic backing, curing the composite material thus obtained at a temperature which is less than said predetermined temperature, and napping said textile material in part.
2. A process for manufacturing a velvet-like material which is essentially composed of a synthetic textile ma terial bonded to a thermoplastic backing comprising heat-treating the synthetic textile material, impregnating the textile material with a compound of thermoplastic material, laminating the impregnated textile material with a thermoplastic backing, curing by heating the composite material thus obtained, napping said textile material at least in part, and maintaining the temperature to being effect a napping possible to elfect a shearing and duration of said preliminary heat-treating of the synthetic textile material at magnitudes greater than that of the temperature and duration of the curing.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS

Claims (1)

1. A PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING A VELVET-LIKE MATERIAL WHICH IS ESSENTIALLY COMPOSED OF A SYNTHETIC TEXTILE MATERIAL BONDED TO A THERMOPLASTIC BACKING COMPRISING HEAT-TREATING THE SYNTHETIC TEXTILE MATERIAL AT A PREDETERMINED TEMPERATURE, IMPREGNATING THE TEXTILE MATERIAL WITH A COMPOUND OF THERMO-PLASTIC MATERIAL, LAMINATING THE IMPREGNATED TEXTILE MATERIAL WITH A THERMOPLASTIC BACKING, CURING THE COMPOSITE MATERIAL THUS OBTAINED AT A TEMPERATURE WHICH IS LESS THAN SAID PREDETERMINED TEMPERATURE, AND NAPPING SAID TEXTILE MATERIAL IN PART.
US396276A 1952-12-16 1953-12-04 Process for obtaining a velvet-like coating or covering material Expired - Lifetime US2896304A (en)

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Cited By (13)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3068545A (en) * 1960-03-03 1962-12-18 Du Pont Napped fibrous regenerated sponge structure and process of making same
US3085922A (en) * 1959-01-19 1963-04-16 Du Pont Porous flexible self-supporting sheet material and method of making same
US3133543A (en) * 1961-09-13 1964-05-19 William Gluckin & Company Inc Reinforced fabric girdle and method of producing the same
US3173823A (en) * 1961-06-16 1965-03-16 John E Guinard Piled fabric and the method of and apparatus for manufacturing the same
US4753838A (en) * 1986-06-16 1988-06-28 Tsuguji Kimura Polishing sheet material and method for its production
WO2000049217A1 (en) * 1999-02-18 2000-08-24 Milliken & Company Face finishing of fabrics containing immobilized fibers
US6233795B1 (en) 1999-02-18 2001-05-22 Milliken & Company Face finishing of cotton-containing fabrics containing immobilized fibers
US6260247B1 (en) 1999-02-18 2001-07-17 Milliken & Company Face finishing of fabrics containing selectively immobilized fibers
US20030194938A1 (en) * 1999-02-18 2003-10-16 Efird Scott W. Abraded fabrics exhibiting excellent hand properties and simultaneously high fill strength retention
EP1357220A1 (en) * 1997-12-05 2003-10-29 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Velour-like pile articles and pile surface structures and methods of making
US6716775B1 (en) 2000-05-12 2004-04-06 Milliken & Company Range-dyed face finished fabrics exhibiting non-directional surface fiber characteristics
US6720058B1 (en) 1997-12-05 2004-04-13 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Velour-like pile articles and pile surface structures and methods of making
US20070202316A1 (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 Turnbach James F Composite article

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1843651A (en) * 1928-11-15 1932-02-02 Slater Nelson Pile fabric
US1865345A (en) * 1931-07-20 1932-06-28 George H Wheatley Covering
US2317595A (en) * 1941-08-01 1943-04-27 Nat Automotive Fibres Inc Carpet
US2434709A (en) * 1944-04-29 1948-01-20 Russell R Matthews Nonslip textile article
US2439034A (en) * 1944-03-16 1948-04-06 American Viscose Corp Process of forming porous artificial masses
US2450948A (en) * 1947-09-26 1948-10-12 Us Rubber Co Method of making elastic fabrics
FR939501A (en) * 1947-01-13 1948-11-17 Process and installation for the manufacture of fabric and the like and products conforming to those obtained
US2480004A (en) * 1948-07-14 1949-08-23 Bigelow Sanford Carpet Co Inc Pile carpet strip with a sponge rubber backing and method of making same
US2599486A (en) * 1950-01-13 1952-06-03 Werner Machine Company Inc Heat-treating machine for textile material
US2682097A (en) * 1950-04-06 1954-06-29 American Viscose Corp Porous wrapper
US2700205A (en) * 1954-07-22 1955-01-25 Mohawk Carpet Mills Inc Method of making embossed pile fabrics

Patent Citations (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US1843651A (en) * 1928-11-15 1932-02-02 Slater Nelson Pile fabric
US1865345A (en) * 1931-07-20 1932-06-28 George H Wheatley Covering
US2317595A (en) * 1941-08-01 1943-04-27 Nat Automotive Fibres Inc Carpet
US2439034A (en) * 1944-03-16 1948-04-06 American Viscose Corp Process of forming porous artificial masses
US2434709A (en) * 1944-04-29 1948-01-20 Russell R Matthews Nonslip textile article
FR939501A (en) * 1947-01-13 1948-11-17 Process and installation for the manufacture of fabric and the like and products conforming to those obtained
US2602765A (en) * 1947-01-13 1952-07-08 George C Ahier Method of manufacturing fabrics having a support backing and upstanding pile
US2450948A (en) * 1947-09-26 1948-10-12 Us Rubber Co Method of making elastic fabrics
US2480004A (en) * 1948-07-14 1949-08-23 Bigelow Sanford Carpet Co Inc Pile carpet strip with a sponge rubber backing and method of making same
US2599486A (en) * 1950-01-13 1952-06-03 Werner Machine Company Inc Heat-treating machine for textile material
US2682097A (en) * 1950-04-06 1954-06-29 American Viscose Corp Porous wrapper
US2700205A (en) * 1954-07-22 1955-01-25 Mohawk Carpet Mills Inc Method of making embossed pile fabrics

Cited By (24)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3085922A (en) * 1959-01-19 1963-04-16 Du Pont Porous flexible self-supporting sheet material and method of making same
US3068545A (en) * 1960-03-03 1962-12-18 Du Pont Napped fibrous regenerated sponge structure and process of making same
US3173823A (en) * 1961-06-16 1965-03-16 John E Guinard Piled fabric and the method of and apparatus for manufacturing the same
US3133543A (en) * 1961-09-13 1964-05-19 William Gluckin & Company Inc Reinforced fabric girdle and method of producing the same
US4753838A (en) * 1986-06-16 1988-06-28 Tsuguji Kimura Polishing sheet material and method for its production
EP1357220A1 (en) * 1997-12-05 2003-10-29 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Velour-like pile articles and pile surface structures and methods of making
US20050129905A1 (en) * 1997-12-05 2005-06-16 Peter Veenema Velour-like pile articles and pile surface structures and methods of making
US6720058B1 (en) 1997-12-05 2004-04-13 E.I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Velour-like pile articles and pile surface structures and methods of making
US6112381A (en) * 1999-02-18 2000-09-05 Milliken & Company Face finishing of fabrics containing immobilized fibers
WO2000049217A1 (en) * 1999-02-18 2000-08-24 Milliken & Company Face finishing of fabrics containing immobilized fibers
US6260247B1 (en) 1999-02-18 2001-07-17 Milliken & Company Face finishing of fabrics containing selectively immobilized fibers
US6269525B2 (en) * 1999-02-18 2001-08-07 Milliken & Company Face finished fabrics containing immobilized fibers
US20010005661A1 (en) * 1999-02-18 2001-06-28 Louis Dischler Abraded fabrics exhibiting balanced tensile strengths
US20030194938A1 (en) * 1999-02-18 2003-10-16 Efird Scott W. Abraded fabrics exhibiting excellent hand properties and simultaneously high fill strength retention
US6233795B1 (en) 1999-02-18 2001-05-22 Milliken & Company Face finishing of cotton-containing fabrics containing immobilized fibers
US7070847B2 (en) 1999-02-18 2006-07-04 Milliken & Company Abraded fabrics exhibiting excellent hand properties and simultaneously high fill strength retention
US6230376B1 (en) 1999-02-18 2001-05-15 Milliken & Company Faced finished fabrics containing immobilized fibers
EP1280954A1 (en) * 2000-05-12 2003-02-05 Milliken & Company Face finishing of cotton-containing fabrics
US20040107552A1 (en) * 2000-05-12 2004-06-10 Louis Dischler Method of producing non-directional range-dyed face finished fabrics
US6916349B2 (en) 2000-05-12 2005-07-12 Milliken & Company Method of producing non-directional range-dyed face finished fabrics
US6716775B1 (en) 2000-05-12 2004-04-06 Milliken & Company Range-dyed face finished fabrics exhibiting non-directional surface fiber characteristics
US20070202316A1 (en) * 2006-02-24 2007-08-30 Turnbach James F Composite article
US8318296B2 (en) 2006-02-24 2012-11-27 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Composite article
US8501062B2 (en) 2006-02-24 2013-08-06 Basf Aktiengesellschaft Method for making a composite article

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