US2904640A - Combination ear-mounted microphone and receiver instrument - Google Patents

Description

Sept. 15,1959 DREHER ETAL 2,904,640

COMBINATION EAR-MOUNTED MICROPHONE AND RECEIVER INSTRUMENT Filed July 30, 1957 FIG. 2

INVENTORS JOHN J. DREHER LEWIS J. SCHWARTZKOPF BY I ATTORNEY United States Patent Or COMBINATION EAR-MOUNTED, mcnorrioNn AND RECEIVER INSTRUh [ENT John J. Dreher, Worthington, and Lewis J. Schwartzkopf,

Columbus, Ohio, assignors to The Ohio State University Research Foundation, Columbus, Ohio, a corporation of Ohio Application July 30, 1957, Serial No. 675Q078 4 Claims. (Cl. 179-156) The present invention relates to audible signal transmitting and receiving apparatus and more particularly to 'the advent of high altitude flight, the hand-held microphone has been substantially replaced by the throat-type microphone or by a lip-type microphone built into the usual oxygen mask. However, considerable ditficulty is still encountered with the so-called built-in types of earphones and microphones and the same are relatively costly and in some cases uncomfortable and unsanitary from the standpoint of the wearer.

Also, ithas heretofore been proposed to employ the usual type of electromagnetic-vibrating diaphragm-type of earphone or receiver device as both a receiver and as a microphone, but due to the relatively high noise level encountered in aircraft operation, previous attempts along this line have proved unsuccessful in attaining a desired signal-to-noise ratio necessary to transmit acle'ar, ungarbled and intelligible signal.

Accordingly, the primary object ofthe present invention is to provide a structurally simple lightweight combination microphone and speaker device adapted to be mounted in and upon the human ear and operable selectively either as a microphone'or speaker in transmitting voice signals to and from the ear of a wearer.

Another object of this invention is to provide a combined ear-mounted microphone-speaker which is characterized by its ability to transmit comparatively clear, ungarbled and intelligible voice signals and which attains, when operating as a microphone, a desirably high signalto-noise ratio without resort to the use of cumbersome and uncomfortable ear pads or other noise-shielding equipment.

It is a further object of the present invention to provide a device of this character which may be constructed from comparatively inexpensive, lightweight and readily available component parts, and one which'may be easily fitted to and supported by the human ear and worn and operated in greater comfort than'has heretofore been possible with the use of conventional types of earphones, headsets and microphones.

For a further and more complete understanding of the present invention and the various additional objects and advantages thereof, reference is made to the following description and the accompanying drawing, wherein:

Fig. 1 is a perspective view, partially in vertical section, of a preferred form of microphone-speaker device formed inaccordance with the present invention;

Fig. 2 is a side elevational view of the ear plug or body' portion of the present microphone-speaker device looking toward the outer side thereof;

Fig. 3 is an end elevational view of the ear plug body;

Fig. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary vertical sectional vieiw taken through the ear plug body and illustrating the relative location of the sound-to-electricalimpulse-transducer; v,

Fig. 5 is a small scale perspective View illustrating the present microphone-speaker device as worn in the 'human ear;

Fig. 6 is a diagram of the electrical circuit of the sound-to-electrical impulsetransducer and associated amplifier and switching mechanism.

The present invention proceeds on the principle of using a single, standard type of sound-to-electrical impulse transducer, both in the capacity of a microphone and as a receiver or 'speakerdevice. Furthermore, the

present invention contemplates the use of such a transducer in combination with a molded plug-like body adapted to be snugly fitted directly to the outer regions of the human ear and formed so as to transmit audible signals both to and from the ear canal. Recent experiments have shown that voice signals may be transmit-ted with 'efliciency through the human earcanal and/or through the bone or tissue structure of the skull and car. 'However, in surroundings of relatively high ambient noise and/or vibrations, such as in aircraft operation, it has been found that ambient noises and vibrations may also be transmitted through the skull and ear, thus making it diflicult to attain a desired high signal-to-noise ratio which is necessary to transmit a clear and intelligible voice signal.

' electrical impulse transducer through suitable merging passages where such combined signals are translated into electrical impulses, amplified, andbroadcast through conventional radio apparatus.

Referring now more particularly to the drawing,

wherein is illustrated asingle preferred form of the'pre'sent invention, the numeral 10 designates generally a pluglike body which is preferably molded or otherwise formed from a suitable synthetic resin, and shaped to snugly and directly fit into the exterior regions of the human ear. The ear plug body 10 may, if desired, 'be custom molded to fit the ear of the individual wearer, or'may, where desirable, be formed in generally standardized sizes and shapes after the manner of the usual ear plug or mold employed in connection with the ordinary hearing aid device. In the usual manner, the ear plug body includes a laterally projecting pipe-like extension 11 adapted to extend a distance within the ear canal, and a convoluted upper and forward retaining finger 12 which is adapted to fit beneath the outer tissue flap of the human ear to hold the plug or mold body 10 in substantially snug,'-flush-fitting relation to the exterior portions of the ear. The body 10 further includes a flat outer side portion 13 which is formed with a cylindrical socket 14 to frictionally and removably receive the tubular stem portion'15 of the usual button-like hearing aid transducer 16. In order to frictionally retain the transducer 16 within the socket 14 of the ear plug body 10, the latter is formed with an annular radially inwardly extending rib 17 which resiliently and frictionally engages the tubular is an internal passage 18 which extends transversely through the body 10 and terminates in an opening 19 at the end of the canal extension 11 of the body. The body is also formed at its forward end with a relatively small diametered socket 20 communicating with the passage 18, and in which is press-fitted the inner end of a relatively small diametered hollow tube 21. The tube 21, as shown in Fig. 5, is arranged to extend forwardly and laterally inwardly of the plug body 10 so as to partially encircle one side of the face of the wearer, and terminates substantially closely adjacent the lips of the wearer in an opening 22. Advantageously, the outer open end 22 of the tube 21 may be provided with a relatively small hemispherical cup-like body 23 which opens toward the mouth of the wearer so as to effectively focus voice signals emitted from the mouth and channel the same backwardly through the tube 21. If desired, particularly when the present device is used in aircraft operations, the open end of the cup-like body 23 may be closed by a protective film of polyethylene resin or the like so as to minimize undesired wind or other ambient noises.

Thus, it will be seen that when the present microphone speaker device is used in the capacity of a microphone,

voice signals, or sounds are conducted both through the tube 21 from the lips of the wearer and also through the ear canal to the internal passage 18 of the plug-like body 10 where the ear and mouth transmitted signals or sounds are combined and impressed upon the sound-sensitive element of the transducer 16. It is also thought that at least a part of the voice signals emitted by the wearer may be conducted through the bone structure of the skull and thence possibly through the tissue of the ear to the pluglike body 10, and thence to the sound-responsive element of the transducer. It has been found through experimentation that the signal-to-noise ratio encountered in ordinary aircraft operations is such that ear-transmitted signals alone, without a coupled mouth-transmitted signal results, in some cases, in a garbled unintelligible transmission. This is believed due to the transmission of external noises and vibrations through the body of the wearer and to the plug-like body 10 and thence to the transducer. However, by combining both mouth and ear transmitted signals, the signal-to-noise ratio is increased to a degree where the resultant broadcast is entirely clear, nngarbled and intelligible.

Fig. 6 of the drawing illustrates diagrammatically the operating circuit for the present combination microphonespeaker device. The sound-to-electrical impulse transducer 16 is provided in the usual manner with a pair of lead wires 24 which extend remotely from the button-like transducer and which are electrically connected respectively with the center poles or terminals 25 of a double pole, double throw switch S. It will be understood that the switch S may take any suitable standard form and may be located in a convenient, readily accessible position to be operated by the hand, or foot. The switch may, if desired, be spring pressed to a position to electrically connect the transducer 16 to the output side of the associated amplifier A, in order that the wearer may normally listen to or receive incoming signals, and may be manually switched to an opposite position connecting the transducer 16 to the input side of the associated amplifier A, in order that signals may be broadcast or transmitted by the wearer. Toward this end, the switch S includes a first set of secondary terminals 26 which are connected by the leads 27 to the input terminals 28 of the amplifier A. The switch S further includes a second set of terminals 29 which are electrically connected by the leads 30 to the output terminals 31 of the amplifier A. It will here be understood that the circuit diagram of Fig. 6 does not include in its showing the usual radio receiver and transmittercomponents, other than the common amplifier A which may be selectively connected either to an associated receiver or transmitter circuit in a manner well known in the art.

Thus, in the operation of the present microphonespeaker device, the switch S may be moved selectively to a position connecting the transducer 16 with the output '4 of the amplifier A by way of the switch terminals 29 and leads 30 in order that the wearer may listen to incoming radio signals or broadcasts. Merely by manipulating the switch S to connect the transducer 16 to the switch terminals 26, the transducer is connected to the input side of the amplifier A in order that voice signals may be broadcast through the device.

In view of the foregoing, it will be seen that the present ear-mounted combination microphone-speaker or earphone device may be constructed of more or less standard, readily available and lightweight component parts, and may be connected through the use of a suitable double pole, double throw switch mechanism with the amplifier of a standard radio receiver-transmitter apparatus so as to function selectively both as an earphone receiver or speaker device and as a microphone.

The present combined ear-mounted microphone-speaker is characterized by its economy of manufacture, its comfort to the wearer and its operational efficiency and capability of attaining a sufiiciently high signal-to-noise ratio, when operated as a microphone, to transmit clear ungarbled and intelligible signals even in surroundings of relatively high ambient noise. Further, due to the rela tively small size and compactness of the present microphone-speaker, the same may be used conveniently by aircraft personnel and worn within the usual aircraft crash hehnets or the like without in any Way interferring with or obstructing the wearer.

While we have disclosed what we look upon to be a presently preferred form and construction of our improved combination microphone-speaker, it will be understood that the same is susceptible to modification in regard to details of construction and design without departing from the spirit of the invention or the scope of the following claims.

We claim:

1. A combination ear-mounted microphone and receiver comprising an ear plug body arranged to directly and snugly fit within the outer portions of a human ear and formed with a relatively elongated extension arranged to extend within the ear canal and an internal passage extending through said extension and terminating in a socket adjacent an outer surface of said body; a soundto-electrical impulse transducer carried in said socket and communicating with the internal passage thereof; and an elongated tubular member having one end connected with said body and communicating With the internal passage formed therein, said tubular member extending outwardly from said body and terminating in an open outer end portion disposed closely adjacent the lips of a person in whose ear said body is fitted, the passage of said body and said tube serving to conduct sound waves emitted both from the lips and ear of a wearer to said transducer.

2. A combination ear-mounted microphone and receiver as defined by claim 1, including a relatively enlarged cup-shaped device carried on the open outer end of said tubular member.

3. A combined microphone and speaker device comprising an ear plug-type body formed with an open-ended passage extending therethrough and arranged to snugly fit within and be supported by the exterior regions of the human ear; a single sound-to-electrical impulse transducer carried in said body in communication with one end of said passage; and a relatively small diametered, openended, hollow tube carried at one end thereof by said body and communicating with the passage of said body intermediate the ends of said passage and having an opposite end portion extending remotely outwardly from said body and arranged to terminate adjacent the lips of a person in whose ear said body is positioned, said tube serving to conduct mouth-emitted sounds from the lips of a person wearing said device to the passage of said body and thence to said transducer.

4. A combined microphone and speaker device comprising a body of a shape and size to at least partially and snu ly fit into a human ear and having a passage therein arranged to communicate directly at one end thereof with the canal of an ear into which said body is fitted; a single sound-to-electrical impulse transducer carried by said body and communicating with the opposite end of 5 said passage; and a relatively small diametered, hollow tube carried at one end by said body and arranged to extend outwardly from said body to a position closely adjacent the lips of a person in whose ear said body is positioned, said tube being open at both ends thereof and having one end communicating with the passage of said body intermediate the ends thereof, whereby sounds emitted from the lips of such person may be conducted through said tube to the passage of said body and thence to said transducer.

References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,098,402 Reifsteck Nov. 9, 1937 2,353,070 Pitkin July 4, 1944 2,485,405 Olney Oct. 18, 1949 10 2,535,063 Halstead Dec. 26, 1950' FOREIGN PATENTS 731,830 Great Britain June 15, 1955

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