US2956926A - Coated citric acid particles - Google Patents
Coated citric acid particles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US2956926A US2956926A US762690A US76269058A US2956926A US 2956926 A US2956926 A US 2956926A US 762690 A US762690 A US 762690A US 76269058 A US76269058 A US 76269058A US 2956926 A US2956926 A US 2956926A
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- citric acid
- wax
- coating
- coated
- capsules
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/48—Preparations in capsules, e.g. of gelatin, of chocolate
- A61K9/50—Microcapsules having a gas, liquid or semi-solid filling; Solid microparticles or pellets surrounded by a distinct coating layer, e.g. coated microspheres, coated drug crystals
Definitions
- This invention relates to an improved, free flowing citric acid powder, a method of preparing it and pharmaceutical preparations including it.
- Citric acid is used extensively for various composi tions, pharmaceutical and otherwise.
- citric acid powder may be admixed with a carbonate or bicarbonate in order to produce an effervescent composition which may or may not have further constituents, such as aspirin.
- Another import-ant type of pharmaceutical preparation containing citric acid is potentiated tetracyclines. When admixed with citric acid, the tetracycline is potentiated and better blood levels are obtained.
- Other uses of citric acid with acid sensitive or moisture, sensitive products are known.
- a very important class of product is the citric acid composition in gelatin capsules. For example, citric acid tetracycline compositions are frequently put up in gelatin capsules.
- citric acid attacks moist gelatin and also reacts With other medicaments; for example, it reduces the effectiveness of tetracyclines on storage by formation of relatively inactive anhydro compounds. In the case of effervescence material exposed to a humid atmosphere, deterioration also takes place.
- the problem of coating citric acid particles so as to render them noncorrosive to gelatin is effected by a plurality of thin coatings of waxy hydrophobic material by alternately spraying the waxy material dissolved in a suitable inert volatile solvent onto sifted citric acid powder in a rotating tablet coating pan, evaporating the solvent, for example by blowing warm air over the stirred particles, and repeating the procedure until the desired thickness of coating is obtained. It is not known why the present process succeeds whereas the same weight of waxy material applied in a single coating is not satisfactory. It is possible that if there are occasional minute discontinuities in the coating, they will not line up in a plurality of thin coatings.
- Thenumber of coats which is usually measured by the percentage of the waxy material based on the citric acid, is not sharply critical and the range thatis useful is not identical for all purposes.
- a number of coats which put less than 5% of waxy material on the citric acid are not suflicient.
- 5% represents about the irreducible minimum which can be used in a gelatin capsule. With 5%, some pitting does take place but there was no disintegration to an extent which would render capsules unuseable. When the the invention, but as they have no practical advantage over 20%, they will normally not be used.
- compositions containing tetracycline the range is narrower than with gelatin capsules where the corrosive effect on gelatin is the only factor and may be con sidered as-ranging from 9% to 20%.
- the particular waxy material is not too sharply critical but it should, in general, involve a major portion of a glyceride wax, such as glyceryl monostearate or distearate, with a minor proportion of a plasticizing wax, such as beeswax. For practical purposes, proportions of the order of magnitude of and 10% give optimum results.
- a glyceride wax such as glyceryl monostearate or distearate
- a plasticizing wax such as beeswax.
- proportions of the order of magnitude of and 10% give optimum results.
- the particular combination of high melting fat and Wax described above is not the only one that can be used. In fact, in general high melting fats can be used with either beeswax or waxy higher alcohols. Carnauba wax is not satisfactory alone, but in blends it permits an accurate degree of hardening.
- the solvent to be used presents primarily a physical problem. Of course, it must be inert to citric acid. Also, it must not be highly toxic or at least any minute residue left should not be highly toxic since the citric acid is normally ingested. Volatility is important. Theoretically, even" only moderately volatile solvents for the wax composition could be used. However, it is not practical to dry or evaporate the solvent at an excessive temperature. If the temperature is too high, the wax will soften to the extent that coated particles of the citric acid will stick together and they will no longer be free flowing. For practical purposes, it is desirable to effect the drying at temperatures not substantially in excess of 50 C.
- the temperature of the 'Warm air used in drying may be s omewh at higher than the actual temperature on the surface of the particles, as the evaporation of the solvent exerts a cooling effect. It is true that if there is sufficient time, even a fairly high boiling solvent could be evaporated at the moderate temperature. However, the time would be excessive and therefore it is desirable to use an inert solvent which has a boiling point not greatly in excess of C. and preferably below 1009 C. A simple, ch eap and very satisfactory solvent 1,1,1 tricl iloroethan'e, which is inert, boils at about 74 urally, the solution must be thin enough 'so'that it can be satisfactorily.
- Example 1 Citric acid powder sifted through No. 30 mesh screen is placed in a conventional rotating tablet coating plan and sprayed with a 30% solution of a wax mixture comprising 9 parts glyceryl monostearate and 1 part beeswax in 1,1,l-trichlroethane. After a thin coating, the spray is interrupted and warm air is blown over the swirling coated citric acid particles. As soon as the solvent has been substantially evaporated, another spraying cycle follows and this is repeated until 7.5% of wax coating was achieved. Gelatin capsules are filled with the above coated citric acid after the latter had been passed through a No. 30 mesh screen. A control run of soft gelatin capsules of the same gelatin composition were likewise filled with uncoated citric acid. The capsules were sealed in air-tight bottles and stored for 24 hours.
- control capsules showed gelatin which was pitted, mottled and partially liquefied.
- the capsules with the coated citric acid were generally unaffected.
- Example 2 The citric acid, coated as described in Example 1, was mixed with an equal proportion of tetracycline hydrochloride. Controls were prepared using uncoated citric acid. On storing, the gelatin capsules containing uncoated citric acid were mottled and pitted and were unsuitable for sale.
- gelatin capsules with the coated citric acid were unalfected and were saleable.
- Example 3 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with difierent amounts of wax coating, namely, 6%, 10% and 20% by weight. Citric acid with each thickness of coating was mixed with an equal amount of tetracycline hydrochloride and incorporated into soft gelatin capsules. The capsules Were then set in a -10% relative humidity atmosphere to dry for about 24 hours, washed with isopropanol in a conventional manner and air dried. They were then bottled and stored for about 7 months. On opening, there were no mottled capsules. Some of the capsules containing 6% wax showed a little evidence of pitting inside the capsule when cut open. All, however, were saleable.
- Example 4 The procedure of Example 3 was followed in order to test the effect of the citric acid on tetracycline and a control was also made up. The formulations were then stored for 3 days and assayed for anhydrotetracycline formation. The results appear in the following table:
- Free flowing powdered citric acid having a particle size at least as fine as 30 mesh having a plurality of thin coats of a predominantly glyceride wax, the coats being suflicient in number so that the total wax coating is in excess of 5%.
- a gelatin capsule filled with a free flowing powder composition comprising the free flowing citric acid of claim 1.
- a product according to claim 1 in predominantly glyceryl monostearate.
- a gelatin capsule filled with powdered material comprising the coated citric acid of claim 3.
- Free flowing powdered citric acid having a particle size at least as fine as 30 mesh having a plurality of thin coats of a predominantly glyceride wax, the coats being sulficient in number so that the total wax coating" is in excess of 9%.
- a product according to claim 5 in predominantly glyceryl monostearate.
- a process of coating citric acid powder having a particle size at least as fine as 30 mesh which comprises agitating the powder, spraying it while agitated with a solution of a wax in a volatile inert solvent, evaporating the solvent and repeating until suificient coatings are formed so that the wax coating is at least 5% by weight of the citric acid particle.
- a process according to claim 10 vent is 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
- a process of coating citric acid powder having a particle size at least as fine as 30 mesh which comprises agitating the powder, spraying it while agitated .witha solution of a wax in a volatile inert solvent, evaporating the solvent and repeating until sufficient coatings are formed so that the wax coating is at least 9% by weight of the citric acid particle.
Description
Y 6 r "r' A 2,956,926 Patented Oct. 18, 1960 2,956,926 COATED ClTRIC ACID PARTICLES Martin Greif, Bronx, N.Y., assignor to American Cyanamid Company, New York, N.Y., a corporation of Maine No Drawing. Filed Sept. 23, 1958, Ser. No. 762,690 14 Claims. (Cl. 167-82) This invention relates to an improved, free flowing citric acid powder, a method of preparing it and pharmaceutical preparations including it.
Citric acid is used extensively for various composi tions, pharmaceutical and otherwise. Thus, for example, citric acid powder may be admixed with a carbonate or bicarbonate in order to produce an effervescent composition which may or may not have further constituents, such as aspirin. Another import-ant type of pharmaceutical preparation containing citric acid is potentiated tetracyclines. When admixed with citric acid, the tetracycline is potentiated and better blood levels are obtained. Other uses of citric acid with acid sensitive or moisture, sensitive products are known. A very important class of product is the citric acid composition in gelatin capsules. For example, citric acid tetracycline compositions are frequently put up in gelatin capsules.
A serious problem has resulted from the citric acid because it attacks moist gelatin and also reacts With other medicaments; for example, it reduces the effectiveness of tetracyclines on storage by formation of relatively inactive anhydro compounds. In the case of effervescence material exposed to a humid atmosphere, deterioration also takes place. Another problem, although not so serious, is the strongly acid taste of ordinary citric acid powders which sometimes is disagreeable in compositions containing them.
Attempts to solve the above problem were made by granulating citric acid powders with hydrophobic barriers. These attempts were not satisfactory as apparently the coatings were not continuous.
According to the present invention, the problem of coating citric acid particles so as to render them noncorrosive to gelatin is effected by a plurality of thin coatings of waxy hydrophobic material by alternately spraying the waxy material dissolved in a suitable inert volatile solvent onto sifted citric acid powder in a rotating tablet coating pan, evaporating the solvent, for example by blowing warm air over the stirred particles, and repeating the procedure until the desired thickness of coating is obtained. It is not known why the present process succeeds whereas the same weight of waxy material applied in a single coating is not satisfactory. It is possible that if there are occasional minute discontinuities in the coating, they will not line up in a plurality of thin coatings. It is also possible that successive thin coatings may plug up discontinuities in the first coat and produce finally coats which have no discontinuities or holes. It is not intended to limit the invention to any particular theory of why the plurality of thin coatings solved the problem whereas the same amount of wax in a single coating does not,
Thenumber of coats, which is usually measured by the percentage of the waxy material based on the citric acid, is not sharply critical and the range thatis useful is not identical for all purposes. Thus, for example, when the problem is to prevent corrosion of gelatin capsules, a number of coats which put less than 5% of waxy material on the citric acid are not suflicient. 5% represents about the irreducible minimum which can be used in a gelatin capsule. With 5%, some pitting does take place but there was no disintegration to an extent which would render capsules unuseable. When the the invention, but as they have no practical advantage over 20%, they will normally not be used.
When a coated citric acid powder is used in compositions containing tetracyclines, the requirements are somewhat more severe. With 6% of wax, there is no useful protection against formation of anhydrotetracycline. The amount formed is slightly reduced, but is still so high as to present no real advantage. A worthwhile protection is obtained with about 9% of wax which reduces anhydrotetracycline formation to less than half,
and with 20% wax, the protection is complete. Therefore, for compositions containing tetracycline, the range is narrower than with gelatin capsules where the corrosive effect on gelatin is the only factor and may be con sidered as-ranging from 9% to 20%.
The particular waxy material is not too sharply critical but it should, in general, involve a major portion of a glyceride wax, such as glyceryl monostearate or distearate, with a minor proportion of a plasticizing wax, such as beeswax. For practical purposes, proportions of the order of magnitude of and 10% give optimum results. The particular combination of high melting fat and Wax described above is not the only one that can be used. In fact, in general high melting fats can be used with either beeswax or waxy higher alcohols. Carnauba wax is not satisfactory alone, but in blends it permits an accurate degree of hardening.
The solvent to be used presents primarily a physical problem. Of course, it must be inert to citric acid. Also, it must not be highly toxic or at least any minute residue left should not be highly toxic since the citric acid is normally ingested. Volatility is important. Theoretically, even" only moderately volatile solvents for the wax composition could be used. However, it is not practical to dry or evaporate the solvent at an excessive temperature. If the temperature is too high, the wax will soften to the extent that coated particles of the citric acid will stick together and they will no longer be free flowing. For practical purposes, it is desirable to effect the drying at temperatures not substantially in excess of 50 C. It should be noted that the temperature of the 'Warm air used in drying may be s omewh at higher than the actual temperature on the surface of the particles, as the evaporation of the solvent exerts a cooling effect. It is true that if there is sufficient time, even a fairly high boiling solvent could be evaporated at the moderate temperature. However, the time would be excessive and therefore it is desirable to use an inert solvent which has a boiling point not greatly in excess of C. and preferably below 1009 C. A simple, ch eap and very satisfactory solvent 1,1,1 tricl iloroethan'e, which is inert, boils at about 74 urally, the solution must be thin enough 'so'that it can be satisfactorily. sprayed to form a thin coating, but this is a purel y physic'alfproblem and represents no critical facto'n' Theiiivention will bedescribed inconn'ectiori with the following specific examples in which the effect of a coated citric acid on gelatin and other medicaments is illustrated as well as the process of coating. The examples are typical only and do not limit the invention to the use of a coated citric acid in the particular formulation set forth. The parts are by weight unless otherwise specified.
Example 1 Citric acid powder sifted through No. 30 mesh screen is placed in a conventional rotating tablet coating plan and sprayed with a 30% solution of a wax mixture comprising 9 parts glyceryl monostearate and 1 part beeswax in 1,1,l-trichlroethane. After a thin coating, the spray is interrupted and warm air is blown over the swirling coated citric acid particles. As soon as the solvent has been substantially evaporated, another spraying cycle follows and this is repeated until 7.5% of wax coating was achieved. Gelatin capsules are filled with the above coated citric acid after the latter had been passed through a No. 30 mesh screen. A control run of soft gelatin capsules of the same gelatin composition were likewise filled with uncoated citric acid. The capsules were sealed in air-tight bottles and stored for 24 hours.
At the end of the 24 hours, the control capsules showed gelatin which was pitted, mottled and partially liquefied. The capsules with the coated citric acid were generally unaffected.
The procedure was repeated but both batches of capsules were carefully dried after filling. After 24 hours, the controls had leaked some solution, were pitted, mottled and chewed up and, of course, the coated citric acid capsules were unaflected.
Example 2 The citric acid, coated as described in Example 1, was mixed with an equal proportion of tetracycline hydrochloride. Controls were prepared using uncoated citric acid. On storing, the gelatin capsules containing uncoated citric acid were mottled and pitted and were unsuitable for sale.
The gelatin capsules with the coated citric acid were unalfected and were saleable.
Example 3 The procedure of Example 1 was repeated with difierent amounts of wax coating, namely, 6%, 10% and 20% by weight. Citric acid with each thickness of coating was mixed with an equal amount of tetracycline hydrochloride and incorporated into soft gelatin capsules. The capsules Were then set in a -10% relative humidity atmosphere to dry for about 24 hours, washed with isopropanol in a conventional manner and air dried. They were then bottled and stored for about 7 months. On opening, there were no mottled capsules. Some of the capsules containing 6% wax showed a little evidence of pitting inside the capsule when cut open. All, however, were saleable.
Example 4 The procedure of Example 3 was followed in order to test the effect of the citric acid on tetracycline and a control was also made up. The formulations were then stored for 3 days and assayed for anhydrotetracycline formation. The results appear in the following table:
It will be noted that even tetracycline HCl alone shows a small amount, 1.3 milligrams of anhydrotetracycline. The figures for the various mixtures with citric acid must therefore be compared with this figure. In other words, 1.3 milligrams of anhydrotetracycline must be subtracted from each figure in order to get the net increase. It will be noted that while there was some reduction in anhydrotetracycline formation with approximately 6% wax coating, namely about 21%, there was still an extensive formation of anhydrotetracycline and therefore this degree of coating is not quite sufficient. Coating with a little more than 9% wax showed a reduction of about 41% and is of practical significance. The 20% coating showed no anhydrotetracycline formation at all over and above that which is present in the base to start with.
I claim:
1. Free flowing powdered citric acid having a particle size at least as fine as 30 mesh having a plurality of thin coats of a predominantly glyceride wax, the coats being suflicient in number so that the total wax coating is in excess of 5%.
2. A gelatin capsule filled with a free flowing powder composition comprising the free flowing citric acid of claim 1.
3. A product according to claim 1 in predominantly glyceryl monostearate.
4. A gelatin capsule filled with powdered material comprising the coated citric acid of claim 3.
5. Free flowing powdered citric acid having a particle size at least as fine as 30 mesh having a plurality of thin coats of a predominantly glyceride wax, the coats being sulficient in number so that the total wax coating" is in excess of 9%.
6. A gelatin capsule filled with a mixture of free flowing tetracycline HCl and coated citric acid powder of claim 5.
7. A product according to claim 5 in predominantly glyceryl monostearate.
8. A gelatin capsule filled with a mixture of tetracycline HCl powder and coated citric acid powder according to claim 7.
9. A process of coating citric acid powder having a particle size at least as fine as 30 mesh which comprises agitating the powder, spraying it while agitated with a solution of a wax in a volatile inert solvent, evaporating the solvent and repeating until suificient coatings are formed so that the wax coating is at least 5% by weight of the citric acid particle.
10. A process according to claim 9 in which the wax is predominantly glyceryl monostearate.
11. A process according to claim 10 vent is 1,1,1-trichloroethane.
12. A process of coating citric acid powder having a particle size at least as fine as 30 mesh which comprises agitating the powder, spraying it while agitated .witha solution of a wax in a volatile inert solvent, evaporating the solvent and repeating until sufficient coatings are formed so that the wax coating is at least 9% by weight of the citric acid particle.
13. A process according to claim 12 in which the Wax is predominantly glyceryl monostearate.
14. A process according to claim 13 in which the solvent is 1,1,l,-trichloroethane.
which the wax is which the'wax is in which the sol- References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS
Claims (2)
1. FREE FLOWING POWDERED CITRIC ACID HAVING A PARTICLE SIZE AT LEAST AS FINE AS 30 MESH HAVING A PLURALITY OF THIN COATS OF A PREDOMINANTLY GLYCERIDE WAX, THE COATS BEING SUFFICIENT IN NUMBER SO THAT THE TOTAL WAX COATING IS IN EXCESS OF 5%.
2. A GELATIN CAPSULE FILLED WITH A FREE FLOWING POWDER COMPOSITION COMPRISING THE FREE FLOWING CITRIC ACID OF CLAIM 1.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US762690A US2956926A (en) | 1958-09-23 | 1958-09-23 | Coated citric acid particles |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US762690A US2956926A (en) | 1958-09-23 | 1958-09-23 | Coated citric acid particles |
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| Publication Number | Publication Date |
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| US2956926A true US2956926A (en) | 1960-10-18 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US762690A Expired - Lifetime US2956926A (en) | 1958-09-23 | 1958-09-23 | Coated citric acid particles |
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Cited By (26)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3080294A (en) * | 1960-10-20 | 1963-03-05 | Key Pharma | Sustained release type of pharmaceutical vehicles |
| US3080292A (en) * | 1960-07-12 | 1963-03-05 | Hoffmann La Roche | Stable pleasant-tasting vitamin b containing beadlets |
| US3082154A (en) * | 1960-04-19 | 1963-03-19 | Ici Ltd | Improved free-flowing coated antimalarial salts in particulate form |
| US3108046A (en) * | 1960-11-25 | 1963-10-22 | Smith Kline French Lab | Method of preparing high dosage sustained release tablet and product of this method |
| US3131068A (en) * | 1961-07-24 | 1964-04-28 | American Cyanamid Co | Water-soluble coated edible organic acids |
| US3159545A (en) * | 1960-10-04 | 1964-12-01 | Abbott Lab | Radioactive capsules |
| US3247065A (en) * | 1963-10-14 | 1966-04-19 | Hoffmann La Roche | Free-flowing coated ascorbic acid |
| US3297804A (en) * | 1964-05-19 | 1967-01-10 | Ono Pharmaceutical Co | Method of filling hard capsules with granules by the open-mouth-down punching method |
| US3492128A (en) * | 1965-08-09 | 1970-01-27 | Pfizer & Co C | Preparation of non-caking heat-stable granular food grade materials |
| US3538215A (en) * | 1969-06-13 | 1970-11-03 | Allied Chem | Stabilized antibiotic in liquid ruminant feed supplement |
| US3723312A (en) * | 1970-12-18 | 1973-03-27 | Ppg Industries Inc | Combined stain retardant and separator interleaving material for glass sheets |
| US4288460A (en) * | 1979-05-24 | 1981-09-08 | Balchem Corporation | Non-caking, water-soluble, granular coated food ingredient |
| US4704284A (en) * | 1982-08-12 | 1987-11-03 | Pfizer Inc. | Long-acting matrix tablet formulations |
| US6056992A (en) * | 1988-06-02 | 2000-05-02 | Campbell Soup Company | Encapsulated additives |
| US20050123606A1 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2005-06-09 | Shire Laboratories, Inc. | Compositions of quaternary ammonium compounds containing bioavailability enhancers |
| US20080102982A1 (en) * | 2006-10-31 | 2008-05-01 | Taylor Made Golf Company, Inc. | Golf club iron head |
| US20080207661A1 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2008-08-28 | Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Once daily dosage forms of trospium |
| WO2012038793A1 (en) * | 2010-09-24 | 2012-03-29 | Viktor Petrovich Alferov | Encapsulated compounds evolving carbon dioxide on contact with water for extermination of insects |
| US20140255479A1 (en) * | 2013-03-05 | 2014-09-11 | Enteris Biopharma, Inc. | Pharmaceuticals for Oral Delivery |
| US20160199303A1 (en) * | 2015-01-12 | 2016-07-14 | Enteris Biopharma, Inc. | Solid Oral Dosage Forms |
| WO2019120593A1 (en) | 2017-12-22 | 2019-06-27 | Symrise Ag | Food composition |
| GB202103108D0 (en) | 2021-02-01 | 2021-04-21 | Reckitt Benckiser Llc | Low foaming in dissolution and low ph all-purpose cleaner and disinfectant tablet |
| WO2022020308A2 (en) | 2020-07-20 | 2022-01-27 | Mantrose-Haeuser Co., Inc. | Food grade coating for edible moisture-sensitive particulates |
| WO2022162239A1 (en) | 2021-02-01 | 2022-08-04 | Reckitt Benckiser Llc | Solid low foaming in dissolution and low ph all-purpose cleaner and disinfectant compositions |
| DE202022104360U1 (en) | 2022-08-01 | 2022-12-08 | Reckitt Benckiser Llc | Disinfectant kits containing solid detergent and disinfectant compositions |
| RU2811256C1 (en) * | 2023-05-25 | 2024-01-11 | Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования "Белгородский государственный аграрный университет имени В.Я. Горина" | Method of production of citric acid nanocapsules |
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|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2738303A (en) * | 1952-07-18 | 1956-03-13 | Smith Kline French Lab | Sympathomimetic preparation |
| US2770553A (en) * | 1952-09-09 | 1956-11-13 | American Cyanamid Co | Soft gelatin encapsulation |
| US2780355A (en) * | 1953-11-09 | 1957-02-05 | Scherer Corp R P | Gelatin capsule containing water soluble substances |
| US2844515A (en) * | 1953-07-17 | 1958-07-22 | Sobotka Harry | Medium and method for the mass culture of microorganisms |
-
1958
- 1958-09-23 US US762690A patent/US2956926A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2738303A (en) * | 1952-07-18 | 1956-03-13 | Smith Kline French Lab | Sympathomimetic preparation |
| US2770553A (en) * | 1952-09-09 | 1956-11-13 | American Cyanamid Co | Soft gelatin encapsulation |
| US2844515A (en) * | 1953-07-17 | 1958-07-22 | Sobotka Harry | Medium and method for the mass culture of microorganisms |
| US2780355A (en) * | 1953-11-09 | 1957-02-05 | Scherer Corp R P | Gelatin capsule containing water soluble substances |
Cited By (45)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3082154A (en) * | 1960-04-19 | 1963-03-19 | Ici Ltd | Improved free-flowing coated antimalarial salts in particulate form |
| US3080292A (en) * | 1960-07-12 | 1963-03-05 | Hoffmann La Roche | Stable pleasant-tasting vitamin b containing beadlets |
| US3159545A (en) * | 1960-10-04 | 1964-12-01 | Abbott Lab | Radioactive capsules |
| US3080294A (en) * | 1960-10-20 | 1963-03-05 | Key Pharma | Sustained release type of pharmaceutical vehicles |
| US3108046A (en) * | 1960-11-25 | 1963-10-22 | Smith Kline French Lab | Method of preparing high dosage sustained release tablet and product of this method |
| US3131068A (en) * | 1961-07-24 | 1964-04-28 | American Cyanamid Co | Water-soluble coated edible organic acids |
| US3247065A (en) * | 1963-10-14 | 1966-04-19 | Hoffmann La Roche | Free-flowing coated ascorbic acid |
| US3297804A (en) * | 1964-05-19 | 1967-01-10 | Ono Pharmaceutical Co | Method of filling hard capsules with granules by the open-mouth-down punching method |
| US3492128A (en) * | 1965-08-09 | 1970-01-27 | Pfizer & Co C | Preparation of non-caking heat-stable granular food grade materials |
| US3538215A (en) * | 1969-06-13 | 1970-11-03 | Allied Chem | Stabilized antibiotic in liquid ruminant feed supplement |
| US3723312A (en) * | 1970-12-18 | 1973-03-27 | Ppg Industries Inc | Combined stain retardant and separator interleaving material for glass sheets |
| US4288460A (en) * | 1979-05-24 | 1981-09-08 | Balchem Corporation | Non-caking, water-soluble, granular coated food ingredient |
| US4704284A (en) * | 1982-08-12 | 1987-11-03 | Pfizer Inc. | Long-acting matrix tablet formulations |
| US6056992A (en) * | 1988-06-02 | 2000-05-02 | Campbell Soup Company | Encapsulated additives |
| US20100221355A1 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2010-09-02 | Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Pharmaceutical composition for once-a-day oral administration of trospium chloride |
| US7781448B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2010-08-24 | Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Once daily dosage forms of trospium |
| US20080207661A1 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2008-08-28 | Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Once daily dosage forms of trospium |
| US20080207663A1 (en) * | 2003-11-04 | 2008-08-28 | Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Once daily dosage forms of trospium |
| US7759359B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2010-07-20 | Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Method of treating bladder dysfunction with once-a-day trospium salt formulation |
| US7763635B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2010-07-27 | Supermus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Once daily dosage forms of trospium |
| US7781449B2 (en) | 2003-11-04 | 2010-08-24 | Supernus Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Trospium chloride treatment method |
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