US3017304A - Absorbent fibrous structure and method of production - Google Patents
Absorbent fibrous structure and method of production Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3017304A US3017304A US587015A US58701556A US3017304A US 3017304 A US3017304 A US 3017304A US 587015 A US587015 A US 587015A US 58701556 A US58701556 A US 58701556A US 3017304 A US3017304 A US 3017304A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- absorbent
- fibrous
- relatively
- compacted
- bat
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 title claims description 153
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 title claims description 153
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims description 53
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 claims description 9
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N Tritiated water Chemical compound [3H]O[3H] XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-PWCQTSIFSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 49
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 28
- 230000001427 coherent effect Effects 0.000 description 17
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 description 16
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229920001131 Pulp (paper) Polymers 0.000 description 13
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 9
- 241000288673 Chiroptera Species 0.000 description 8
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 8
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 8
- 230000007480 spreading Effects 0.000 description 8
- 229920000742 Cotton Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000009736 wetting Methods 0.000 description 5
- 210000001124 body fluid Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 239000010839 body fluid Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000005507 spraying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003595 mist Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005871 repellent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000717 retained effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000003860 storage Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004677 Nylon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004902 Softening Agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000844 anti-bacterial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003899 bactericide agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002950 deficient Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000009792 diffusion process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 dyestuffs Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012467 final product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000417 fungicide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006872 improvement Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000011229 interlayer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004745 nonwoven fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001778 nylon Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012466 permeate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005728 strengthening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000012209 synthetic fiber Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004753 textile Substances 0.000 description 1
- 210000002268 wool Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
-
- A61F13/01008—
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
- A61F13/15699—Forming webs by bringing together several webs, e.g. by laminating or folding several webs, with or without additional treatment of the webs
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/535—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad inhomogeneous in the plane of the pad, e.g. core absorbent layers being of different sizes
- A61F13/536—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad inhomogeneous in the plane of the pad, e.g. core absorbent layers being of different sizes having discontinuous areas of compression
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F5/00—Orthopaedic methods or devices for non-surgical treatment of bones or joints; Nursing devices; Anti-rape devices
- A61F5/48—Devices for preventing wetting or pollution of the bed
- A61F5/485—Absorbent protective pads
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
- D04H1/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of staple fibres or like relatively short fibres
-
- A61F13/01042—
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/84—Accessories, not otherwise provided for, for absorbent pads
- A61F13/8405—Additives, e.g. for odour, disinfectant or pH control
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F2013/00361—Plasters
- A61F2013/00727—Plasters means for wound humidity control
- A61F2013/00731—Plasters means for wound humidity control with absorbing pads
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15577—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing
- A61F2013/15821—Apparatus or processes for manufacturing characterized by the apparatus for manufacturing
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F2013/530131—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp
- A61F2013/530182—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium being made in fibre but being not pulp characterized by the connection between the fibres
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F2013/53445—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad from several sheets
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
- A61F13/53708—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction
- A61F2013/53721—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction with capillary means
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
- A61F2013/53908—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers with adhesive
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24479—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including variation in thickness
- Y10T428/2457—Parallel ribs and/or grooves
Definitions
- This invention relates to absorbent fibrous bodies and to methods of making them and, more particularly, is concerned with absorbent fibrous bodies which are especially suited for use as absorbent components in sanitary napkins, surgical dressings, compresses, disposable diapers, hospital underpads and other products designed to absorb body fluids.
- Products designed to absorb body fluids generally contain as a principal component thereof an absorbent pad or core to absorb the fluids.
- These pads or cores are normally made of layers of loosely compacted, absorbent fibers, such as carded cotton webs, air-laid cellulosic fibrous Webs, comminuted wood pulp bats, or like materials which are highly absorbent, fluffy and porous.
- these loosely compacted, fibrous absorbent bodies possess numerous disadvantages, notably low cohesive strength, poor shape and volume stability, W forces of capillary attraction, low fluid retentivity and low absorptive capacities under conditions of use.
- comrninuted wood pulp bats which are particularly suitable as absorbent components because of their highly absorbent properties, low cost and commercial availability, are very Weak structurally and possess low cohesive stability, whereby they tend to fall apart too readily under stress. With such a component, therefore, it has been common practice to provide strengthening or reinforcing layers of gauze, paper or similar materials. This, of course, increases the cost of the product and greatly reduces the economic desirability of using wood pulp bats as the basic absorbent component.
- Further objects of the presen invention are to increase the fluid storage capacity of the absorbent fibrous body; to prevent the spreading of the fluids to the sides and edges thereof; to prevent the fluids from draining through to the side opposite that of deposition of the fluid (strikethrough); to minimize lateral spreading of the fluid on the deposition side of the absorbent fibrous body; and, in general, to control and direct the flow of fluids into and within the abs rbent fibrous body in the most desirable and eflicient manner.
- PEG. 1 is an isometric view of a substantially homogeneous, loosely-compacted, absorbent fibrous body
- FIG. 2 is a cross-section of an improved absorbent fibrous structure of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a cross-section of another improved absorbent fibrous structure of the present invention.
- FIGS. 4 through are cross-sections of other im proved absorbent fibrous structures of the present invention.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-section of an improved absorbent fibrous structure such as illustrated in FIG. 2 wherein the relatively dense surface skin has been formed in a series of lengthwise grooves;
- FIG.- 12 is a bottom plan view of the absorbent improved fibrous structure of FIG. 11 to illustrate the spacing and positioning of the lengthwise grooves;
- FIG. 13 is a plan view of another improved absorbent fibrous structure to illustrate the use of crosswise grooves
- FIG. 14 is a plan view of another improved absorbent fibrous structure to illustrate the use of crosswise and lengthwise grooves; I
- P16. 15 is a cross-section of a sanitary napkin containing an improved absorbent fibrous structure of the present invention.
- FIG. 16 is a side elevational view, partly schematic, of apparatus which may be employed in making the improved absorbent fibrous structures of the present invention.
- FIG; 17 is an elevation of one form of an embossing roller employed in making the improved absorbent fibrous structures of FIGS. 11 and 12;
- FIG. 18 is an elevation of another form of a compressing roller employed in making the improved absorbent fibrous structures of FIGS. 2 through 10;
- FIG. 19 is an end view of a gear-like embossing roller employed in making the improved absorbent fibrous structure of FIG. 13;
- FIG. 20 is a cross-section of another embodiment of the present invention.
- PEG. 21 is a cross-section of still another embodiment of the present invention.
- the absorbent fibrous bodies of this invention contain fibers, such as comminuted wood pulp fibers, cotton linters, or the like, which, in the presence of moisture and pressure, are capable of forming a relatively dense, more or less coherent, relatively stable structure formed as a result of interfiber bonds between the moistened and compressed fibers similar to the bonds between fibers in paper.
- Cellulosic fibers such as wood pulp fibers and cotton linters, are preferred in making the fibrous bodies of this invention because they readily form such interfiber bonds, when moistened and compressed.
- Such fibers are additionally commercially desirable as they are inexpensive, readily available and highly absorbent.
- Other fibers capable of developing interfiber bonds, similar to the bonds between fibers in paper in the presence of mois ture and pressure may also be used.
- blends of natural or synthetic fibers such as silk, wool, linen, nylon and cellulose acetate fibers, may be used in combination with the fibers capable of forming interfiber bonds in the presence of moisture and pressure.
- the fibrous structures of the present invention may be formed by applying controlled slight amounts of water as a fine spray or mist to the surface of a fibrous web or bat and then compressing the bat to form a surface skin on the moistened surface, or placing a second similar web against or on top of the moistened surface of the first web and compressing the superposed webs to form a compacted coherent integral layer of fibers at the adjacent surfaces of the superposed webs.
- an absorbent fibrous body 10 comprising a substantially homogeneous, looselycompacted, absorbent fibrous body 11, as orginally obtained by disintegrating a wood pulp board and air-laying the resulting fibers as a bat.
- a body possesses numerous disadvantages notably relatively low cohesive strength, relatively poor shape and volume stability, relatively low fluid retcntivity and relatively low capillarity and is not ideal or completely satisfactory for use as an absorbent component in many absorbent products.
- the ability of such bodies to store and to retain fluids under conditions of use is low inasmuch as fluids deposited on one surface thereof tend to drain relatively quickly into its body and strike through to the opposite surface.
- the body can be torn apart very easily and can be distorted and deformed readily by the application of even low stresses. Due to its dispersed and loosely compacted nature, the capillary forces are low and local oversaturation and local dryness is obtained in the same fibrous body.
- FIG. 2 is a cross-section of an improved absorbent fibrous structure 12 comprising a loosely compacted, absorbent fibrous body 13 and a relatively dense, compacted, coherent surface skin 14 integrally formed on the lower surface thereof.
- Such a structure is formed by spraying or otherwise depositing a controlled amount of moisture on the surface of absorbent fibrous body 10 and then passing the same through compression means to be described more fully hereinafter.
- Such a fibrous structure resists tearing apart considerably more than the body of FIG. 1 and is distorted and deformed only by the application of greater stresses.
- the dense, relatively compact skin 14 has high capillary forces which facilitate the dispersion and spreading of fluid to avoid local oversaturation and dry areas.
- the formation of the densified skin is due to the formation of bonds between contacting moistened fibers, which bonds are similar to the bonds between the fibers in paper.
- the properties of the densified skin may be varied, as desired or required.
- the thickness, density, strength and other characteristics of the densified skin also depend upon the uniformity by which the moisture is applied,v the depth to which it penetrates and the degree to which the fibers are compressed. For example, by finely spraying about 0.0015 cc.
- FIG. 2 Such a structure is illustrated in FIG. 2.
- the amount of moisture used may vary from about 00005 to about 0.03 cc. of Water per square centimeter of web surface depending upon the thickness of the web, the thickness of the paper-like, densified skin desired, with the lesser amounts of moisture being used for thinner webs and yielding extremely thin papery skin and the greater amounts of moisture being used for thicker webs and yielding skins of a greater thickness.
- the amounts of pressure to be applied to the moistened surfaces may be varied from about 5 to about or more pounds per square inch, with the commercially preferable range extending from about 10 to about 50 pounds per square inch.
- FIG. 3 illustrates an absorbent fibrous structure 15 having an absorbent fibrous body 16 and relatively dense, compacted, coherent skins 17, 18 integrally formed on each of the lower and upper surfaces thereof.
- a absorbent fibrous body 56 see FIG. 12
- a waterrepellent tissue 70 is provided in order to act as a barrier against the strike-through of fluid.
- Another absorbent fibrous body 62 having an embossed skin such as shown in FIG. 14 contacts the under surface of water-repellent tissue 70.
- a paper envelope 71 is provided to enclose the absorbent components and the water-repellent tissue 70.
- a textile cover 72 provides an external wrapping for the complete article and has the customary ends (not shown) extending beyond the absorbent bodies to provide attachment for use. It is to be appreciated that this particular embodiment is used for illustrative purposes and that either absorbent pad may be replaced by any one of the other embodiments set forth in other figures of the drawings. It is also to be observed that, although a sanitary napkin has been employed to illustrate the present invention, such has been the case merely for descriptive purposes and is not to be construed as limitative of the present invention, inasmuch as the fibrous structures herein set forth could be used in surgical dressings, compresses, disposable diapers, hospital underpads and the like.
- FIG. 16 sets forth one method of preparing absorbent fibrous bodies of the present invention.
- Two superposed fibrous webs 73 and '74 such as low bulk density, coherent webs of loosely compacted, comminuted wood pulp fibers, so-called fluff, are delivered separately on conveyor belts from a disintegrating mill (not shown) which finely divides the wood pulp board or sheeting into individualized fibers. These webs may be compressed lightly in order to facilitate handling.
- the upper surface of the lower fibrous web 74 is lightly moistened with water W in the form of a fine spray or mist from a suitable spray device 75 controlled by a valve 76.
- the upper web 73 is then laid down upon the lower web 74 with the wetted surface of the lower web in direct con tact with the adjacent undersurface of the upper web.
- the two superposed webs are carried on a series of conveyors 77, 78 to a compression device 79 consisting of a lower idler roller 80 and an upper driven compression roller 81 whereby the web is compressed.
- the fibers which have been moistened are in a relatively swollen condition whereas the remaining fibers are still substantially dry.
- the moistened fibers bond together under the compression exerted by the rollers to form the fibrous body having a densified inner layer similar to the structure set forth in FIG. 4 of the drawings. These is little or no tendency for the water to penetrate or permeate too deeply into the interior of the web unless an excess has been applied.
- the bonded webs are then conducted by the conveyor 78, 82 in the direction indicated by the arrow for cutting, shaping or other processing.
- the integral densified inner layer which is formed is a coherent structure possessing greater tensile strength, good form and shape stability, high fluid retentivity and high capillarity.
- F116. 17 sets forth an embossing roller 84 which is used to form the lengthwise grooves 57 as illustrated in the absorbent fibrous body 56 shown in FIG. 12. These grooves may be made narrow or wide and the intervals between them may be varied depending upon the particular requirements of the situation involved.
- the embossing roller 84 may be used with another similar embossing roller and the contacting relationship between the two may be so arranged that the projecting annular rings 85 of each of the embossing rollers may come into direct contact or they may be so staggered that the teeth of one fit within the intervals of the other, whereby varying designs may be obtained.
- FIG. 18 discloses a compression roller 83 which can be used to compress the fibrous webs in a plane in accordance with the method disclosed in FIG. 16. These compression rollers are normally carried in vertical & stands and the pressure exerted thereby can be adjusted manually in the usual manner.
- FIG. 19 sets forth a different embossing roller 86 having teeth 87 which may be used to form grooves in absorbent fibrous bodies extending crosswise thereof such as illustrated in FIG. 13 of the drawings.
- the axial length of the teeth 87 is equal to the crosswise length of the grooves and the spacing between the teeth 87 controls the intervals between the grooves in a longitudinal direction.
- An embossing roller 86 may be used in combination with a pair of annular rings at each end thereof in order to obtain the grooved absorbent fibrous body illustrated in FIG. 14.
- FIG. 20 illustrates an absorbent fibrous structure 88 comprising a centrally located, loosely-compacted fibrous body 89 and relatively densified, compacted grooves 90 formed on the upper and lower surfaces thereof as by means of embossing rollers 84. It is to be observed that the grooves 90 on each surface are positioned directly opposite each other.
- FIG. 21 illustrates an absorbent fibrous structure 91 comprising a centrally located, loosely-compacted fibrous body 2 and relatively densified, compacted grooves 93 formed on the upper and lower surfaces thereof as by means of embossing rollers 34. It is to be observed that the grooves 93 on each surface are staggered widthwise with relation to each other.
- the present inventive concept was applied to two fibrous comminuted wood-pulp air-laid webs, each about 1 centimeter thick and having a bulk density of about 0.03 gram per cubic centimeter.
- FIG. 4 shows an absorbent fibrous structure 19 comprising an upper, loosely compacted fibrous body 26, a lower, loosely compacted fibrous body 21 and an intermediate relatively densified, compacted, coherent layer 22 formed integrally with the upper and lower fibrous bodies 20, 21.
- Such a structure is obtained by moistening the face of one loosely compacted fibrous body, laying a second loosely compacted fibrous body atop the first and applying pressure thereto. If desired, the faces of both loosely compacted fibrous bodies may be moistened prior to being placed together for the application of pressure.
- FIG. 5 sets forth an absorbent fibrous structure 23 comprising an upper, loosely compacted fibrous body 24, a lower, loosely compacted fibrous body 25, an intermediate relatively densified, compacted, coherent paperlike layer 26 formed integrally with the upper and lower fibrous bodies 24, 25 and a lower, relatively densified, compacted, papery skin 27 formed on the lower surface of fibrous body 25.
- Such a structure is obtained, for example, by wetting both sides of a fibrous structure as body it ⁇ and laying it on a dry fibrous structure, the upper surface of which may be moistened, and then applying the required pressure.
- FIG. 6 sets forth an absorbent fibrous structure 28 comprising an upper, loosely compacted absorbent fibrous body 29, a lower, loosely compacted absorbent fibrous body 30, an intermediate relatively densified, compacted, coherent paper-like layer 31 and relatively densified, compacted papery skins 32, 33 on the upper and lower sur faces of the absorbent fibrous structure 28.
- Such a structure is obtained such as by wetting both sides of two fibrous structures, placing them together and then applying the required pressure,
- FIG. 7 illustrates an absorbent fibrous structure 34 comprising an upper, loosely compacted fibrous body 35, a lower, loosely compacted fibrous body 36, an intermediate, relatively densified, compacted, narrower, coherent paper-like layer 37 formed integrally with the upper and lower fibrous bodies 35, 36 and relatively densified, compacted, coherent, paper-like skins 38, 39 of different widths formed on the upper and lower surfaces respectively of the fibrous structure 34.
- Such a structure is obtained, for example, by wetting both sides of two fibrous bodies only in the area in which it is desired to form the relatively densified, compacted structures and then applying the required pressure.
- FIG. 8 sets forth an absorbent fibrous structure 4-0 comprising an upper, loosely compacted fibrous absorbent body 41, a lower, loosely compacted, absorbent fibrous body 42 having a width narrower than body 41, an intermediate, relatively densified, compacted, coherent, narrower, paper-like layer 43 formed integrally with the upper and lower fibrous bodies 41, 42, and relatively densified, compacted, papery skins 44, 45 formed integrally on the upper and lower surfaces of the absorbent fibrous bodies 41, 42.
- Such a structure is obtained by using fibrous bodies of different widths and wetting them only in the areas wherein it is desired to effect the formation of paper-like members and then applying the required pressure.
- FIG. 9 sets forth an absorbent, fibrous structure 46 comprising an upper, loosely compacted, absorbent fibrous body 47, a lower, loosely compacted, absorbent, narrower fibrous body 48, an intermediate, relatively densified, compacted, coherent, narrower paper-like layer 49 formed integrally with the upper and lower absorbent fibrous bodies 47, 48 and a lower, relatively densified, compacted, papery, narrower skin 50 formed integrally on the lower surface of the lower, absorbent fibrous body 48.
- Such a structure is obtained by initially using two absorbent fibrous structures of different widths and moistening only the areas in which it is desired to create the paper-like members and then applying suflicient force not only to form the densified members but to force the narrower absorbent body partially into the upper absorbent body 47.
- FIG. 10 discloses an absorbent fibrous structure 51 comprising an upper, loosely compacted absorbent fibrous body 52, a lower, loosely compacted fibrous body 53, an intermediate, relatively densified, compacted, coherent, narrower paper-like layer 54 formed integrally with the upper and lower absorbent fibrous bodies 52, 53 and a lower, relatively densified, compacted, paper-like, narrower surface skin 55 formed integrally 011 the lower surface of lower absorbent fibrous body 53.
- Such a structure is obtained in very much the same fashion as the structure set forth in PEG. 9 with the exception that the applied moisture and pressure is sufficient to force the lower absorbent fibrous body substantially wholly within the upper absorbent fibrous body so as to create a smooth, flush lower surface.
- the distance the lower absorbent fibrous body penetrates the upper absorbent fibrous body depends upon the amount of moisture and pressure applied and, if desired or required, the narrower absorbent fibrous body could be forced wholly within the upper fibrous body so that its skin is within the wider absorbent fibrous body.
- FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an absorbent fibrous body and shows parallel grooves 57 and high regions 58 which extend between the grooves 57.
- FIG. 12 discloses an absorbent fibrous structure 56 formed with a plurality of longitudinally extending, compressed grooves 57 whereby any fluid deposited on the absorbent fibrous body and encountering the grooves tends to spread lengthwise along the fibrous body so that its absorbent effectiveness will be utilized more fully.
- absorbent fibrous structure there are regions of high and low capillarity within the densified layer itself. These differences in capillarity are due to the compressed grooves formed by an embossing roller to be described more fully hereinafter.
- FIG. 13 there is disclosed an absorbent fibrous body 59 wherein grooves 60 are positioned crosswise to the length of the body. These particular grooves provide strength and springiness to the body and add to its structural rigidity and form and shape stability. These grooves are impressed upon the absorbent fibrous bodies by means of embossing rollers to be described more fully hereinafter. It is to be noted that the crosswise grooves are separated by intervening high regions 61 and that they end before they reach the edges of the absorbent fibrous body. In this way fluids deposited upon the absorbent fibrous body tend to follow the grooves 6% but will not go beyond the ends thereof thereby confining the fluid to within the absorbent fibrous body itself.
- FIG. 14 sets forth an absorbent fibrous body as possessing spaced, longitudinally extending grooves 63 and spaced, laterally extending grooves 64 having intervening high regions 55 which have not been compressed to the extent that the grooves 64 have been. It is to be appreciated that any fluid deposited on the absorbent fibrous body will initially tend to follow the grooves 64 laterally until the lengthwise grooves 63 are encountered, at which time the fluid will then tend to move longitudinally and contact other crosswise grooves 64.
- This type of absorbent fibrous body possesses increased strength and springiness due to the transverse grooves 64, superior fluid control by means of grooves 63 and 64 whereby a very complete and eifective utilization of the absorbent properties of the fibrous body is realized.
- the grooves in the absorbent fibrous body 62 may be obtained by a combination of embossing rollers to be described hereinafter.
- FIG. 15 is a cross-section of a sanitary napkin 66 embodying an absorbent fibrous structure of the present invention.
- An absorbent fibrous structure 67 comprising a relatively loosely compacted, porous, fluify body 68 and previously and the thickness of the completed integral Web was reduced correspondingly.
- a method of producing an absorbent fibrous body suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products which comprises moistening a surface portion of a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume stability, and relatively low fluid retentivity with from about 0.0005 to about 0.03 cubic centimeter of water per square centimeter of surface of said bat, applying a pressure of from about to about 100 pounds per square inch to said bat While the surface thereof is moistened with said water, said pressure being sufficient to form a paper-like, densified, compacted cellulosic fibrous layer it situ in said bat and integral therewith, said layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability, and relatively high fluid retentivity.
- a method of producing an absorbent fibrous body suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products which comprises moistening a surface portion of a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume sta bility, and relatively low fluid retentivity with from about 0.0005 to about 0.03 cubic centimeter of Water per square centimeter of surface of said bat, applying pressure to said bat while the surface thereof is moistened with said water, said pressure being sufficient to form a paper-like, densified, compacted cellulosic fibrous layer in situ in said bat and integral therewith, said layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability, and relatively high fluid retentivity.
- a method of producing an absorbent fibrous body suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products which comprises applying water to a surface portion of a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume stability, and relatively low fluid retentivity in an amount sufficient to moisten the surface portion thereof, placing a second highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat in contacting relationship with said moistened surface, applying pressure to said bats while the surface of said moistened bat is moistened with said water, said pressure being sufficient to form a paper-like, densified, compacted cellulosic fibrous layer intermediate said bats and integral therewith, said layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability, and relatively high fluid retentivity.
- a method of producing an absorbent fibrous body suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products which comprises applying water to a surface portion of a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume stability, and relatively low fluid retentivity in an amount suflicient to moisten fibers in said bat adjacent said moistened surface portion but not to moisten all the fibers in said bat, applying pressure to said bat While the surface thereof is moistened with said water, said pressure being sufficient to form a paper-like densified, compacted cellulosic fibrous layer in situ in said bat and integral therewith, said layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability, and relatively high fluid retentivity.
- a method of producing an absorbent fibrous body suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products which comprises applying water to a surface portion of a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume stability, and relatively low fluid retentivity in an amount suffioient to moisten the surface portion, applying pressure to said bat while the surface thereof is moistened with said water, said pressure being suflicient to form a paper-like, densified, compacted cellulosic wood pulp fibrous hydrate-bonded layer in situ in said bat and integral therewith, said layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability, and relatively high fluid retentivity.
- a method of producing an absorbent fibrous body suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products which comprises applying water to a surface of a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume stability, and relatively low fluid retentivity in an amount sufficient to moisten the surface thereof, applying pressure to said bat While the surface thereof is moistened with said water, said pressure being sufficient to form a paperlike, densified, compacted cellulosic fibrous layer in situ in said bat and integral therewith, said layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability, and relatively high fluid retentivity.
- An absorbent fibrous structure suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products comprising a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume stability and relatively low fluid retentivity, and integrally united therewith by bonds comprising interfiber bonds, a paper-like, densified, compacted cellulosic fibrous layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability and relatively high fluid retentivity, said paper-like, densified, fibrous layer being formed in situ from said highly porous bat.
Description
Jan. 16, 1962 A. A. BURGENI ABSORBENT FIBROUS STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION Filed May 24, 1956 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 402450 A. 50.4 am
ATTORNEY Jan. 16, 1962 A. A. BURGENI 3,017,304
ABSORBENT FIBROUS STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION 3 Sheets-Sheet 2 Filed May 24, 1956 TIE-.17- g4 INVENTOR 14;?50 ,4 flufqs/w dZ'mTM,
ATTORNEYS Jan. 16, 1962 A. A. BURGENI 3,017,304
ABSORBENT FIBROUS STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF PRODUCTION Filed May 24, 1956 3 Sheets-Sheet 5 ATTORNEY 3,017,304 ABSORBENT FitBROU'i STRUCTURE AND METHOD OF PRODIETHON Alfred A. Burgeni, Short Hills, N.J., assignor to Persona! Products Corporation, a corporation of New Jersey Fitted May 24, 1956, Ser. No. 587,015 16 Claims. (Cl. 154-54) This invention relates to absorbent fibrous bodies and to methods of making them and, more particularly, is concerned with absorbent fibrous bodies which are especially suited for use as absorbent components in sanitary napkins, surgical dressings, compresses, disposable diapers, hospital underpads and other products designed to absorb body fluids.
Products designed to absorb body fluids generally contain as a principal component thereof an absorbent pad or core to absorb the fluids. These pads or cores are normally made of layers of loosely compacted, absorbent fibers, such as carded cotton webs, air-laid cellulosic fibrous Webs, comminuted wood pulp bats, or like materials which are highly absorbent, fluffy and porous. Unfortunately, these loosely compacted, fibrous absorbent bodies possess numerous disadvantages, notably low cohesive strength, poor shape and volume stability, W forces of capillary attraction, low fluid retentivity and low absorptive capacities under conditions of use.
For eXample, comrninuted wood pulp bats which are particularly suitable as absorbent components because of their highly absorbent properties, low cost and commercial availability, are very Weak structurally and possess low cohesive stability, whereby they tend to fall apart too readily under stress. With such a component, therefore, it has been common practice to provide strengthening or reinforcing layers of gauze, paper or similar materials. This, of course, increases the cost of the product and greatly reduces the economic desirability of using wood pulp bats as the basic absorbent component.
Additionally, these comminuted wood pulp bats, as well as cotton fibrous webs, do not possess shape and volume stability to any marked degree and have quickly become deformed and distorted upon the application of slight forces or stresses. As a result, plies of creped tissue paper, absorbent paper and like supporting materials have had to be incorporated therein to give body and firmness to the article. Such additional plies of materials had increased the cost of the final product and are naturally not desirable economically.
Furthermore, the fluid retentivity of such highly porous, fibrous absorbent bodies is not sufi iciently great and, consequently, fluids which should be retained therein have been squeezed out relatively easily by the application of pressure arising from normal usage of the article. To avoid this undesirable occurrence, multiple plies of highly absorbent paper have been used in laminar combination with the highly porous, fibrous absorbent bodies to increase the fluid retentivity of the article.
Moreover, these fluffy, porous, absorbent fibrous components possess low capillary forces because of their loosely compacted structure and, when a fluid is deposited on its surface, saturation conditions are reached very quickly at the site of immediate application. At the same time, however, the adjacent portions remain relatively unsaturated and in some instances dry due to the loW capillary forces of the fibrous body and consequently a highly localized fluid condition is obtained. Efforts to avoid such local over-concentrations have led to the use of special fluid-directing and spreading elements such as multiple layers of paper or combinations of paper with fiber Webs formed With longitudinally extending embossed lines or grooves along which the fluids are directed and spread in that particular layer. Such devices are effec- 3,0173% Patented Jan. 16, 19%2 tive only to a minor degree. This is due to the fact that the spread of fluid obtained in the spreading device is not effectively transferred to adjacent layers in which the major portion of the absorbed fluid is to be stored. This is particularly true When such adjacent layers consist of loosely organized fiber Webs such as bats of disintegrated wood pulp or carded cotton. In such instances, the spreading of fluids from layer to layer is deterred by the weak capillary forces in the Webs adjacent to the spreading device, and this situation is still further aggravated by gaps, voids and air spaces between layers which prevent the diffusion of the fluid and, as a consequence, local oversaturation has occurred in the main storage elements in spite of the presence of such spreading devices.
It is therefore seen that, although absorbent fibrous bodies have been manufactured in the past and have met with some commercial success, there still remains considerable field for improvement toward a superior product.
It is an object of the present invention to provide an improved absorbent fibrous body Which possesses relatively high cohesive stability, good shape and volume stability, high forces of capillary attraction, good fluid retentivity and high absorptive capacity under conditions of use.
It is another object of this invention to provide improved absorbent fibrous bodies especially suited for use as absorbent components in sanitary napkins, surgical dressings, compresses, disposable diapers, hospital underpads and other products designed to absorb body fluids.
It is still another object of the present invention to provide absorbent fibrous bodies possessing a highly porous, fluffy surface through which the fluids will drain relatively quickly to be received and retained in a pad or core within the absorbent fibrous body whereby the surfaces thereof will remain relatively dry.
Further objects of the presen invention are to increase the fluid storage capacity of the absorbent fibrous body; to prevent the spreading of the fluids to the sides and edges thereof; to prevent the fluids from draining through to the side opposite that of deposition of the fluid (strikethrough); to minimize lateral spreading of the fluid on the deposition side of the absorbent fibrous body; and, in general, to control and direct the flow of fluids into and within the abs rbent fibrous body in the most desirable and eflicient manner.
These objecs and others which will become clear from the following description of the invention are obained by treating an absorbent fibrous body or a plurality of the same in such a Way as to form a relatively dense. compacted, more or less ccherent skin or layer integrally on or within the absorbent fibrous body, which skin or layer increases the cohesive s rength of the absorbent fibrous body, enhances its sh pe and volume stabi ity. increases its fluid retentivity and augments its capillary forces.
More specifically these objects are attained by applying controlled amounts of moisture to the surface or surfaces of a loosely compacted, fibrous absorbent body having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively poor shape and volume stability, relatively low fluid retentivity and relatively low capillary forces and applying pressure thereto within con rolled limits whereby there is formed, in situ, a paper-like, densified, highly compacted cellulosic fibrous layer integral with the loosely compacted, fibrous absorbent body and possessing relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good shape and volume stability, relatively high fluid retentivity and relatively high capillary forces.
In the accompan ing drawings and t e following specification, there are illustrated and described preferred designs of absorbent fibrous bodies but it is to be understood that the invention is not to be construed as limited thereto except as defined by the spirit of the invention and determined by the scope of the appended claims. Referring to the drawings:
PEG. 1 is an isometric view of a substantially homogeneous, loosely-compacted, absorbent fibrous body;
FIG. 2 is a cross-section of an improved absorbent fibrous structure of the present invention;
FIG. 3 is a cross-section of another improved absorbent fibrous structure of the present invention;
FIGS. 4 through are cross-sections of other im proved absorbent fibrous structures of the present invention;
FIG. 11 is a cross-section of an improved absorbent fibrous structure such as illustrated in FIG. 2 wherein the relatively dense surface skin has been formed in a series of lengthwise grooves;
FIG.- 12 is a bottom plan view of the absorbent improved fibrous structure of FIG. 11 to illustrate the spacing and positioning of the lengthwise grooves;
FIG. 13 is a plan view of another improved absorbent fibrous structure to illustrate the use of crosswise grooves;
FIG. 14 is a plan view of another improved absorbent fibrous structure to illustrate the use of crosswise and lengthwise grooves; I
P16. 15 is a cross-section of a sanitary napkin containing an improved absorbent fibrous structure of the present invention;
FIG. 16 is a side elevational view, partly schematic, of apparatus which may be employed in making the improved absorbent fibrous structures of the present invention;
FIG; 17 is an elevation of one form of an embossing roller employed in making the improved absorbent fibrous structures of FIGS. 11 and 12;
FIG. 18 is an elevation of another form of a compressing roller employed in making the improved absorbent fibrous structures of FIGS. 2 through 10;
FIG. 19 is an end view of a gear-like embossing roller employed in making the improved absorbent fibrous structure of FIG. 13;
FIG. 20 is a cross-section of another embodiment of the present invention; and
PEG. 21 is a cross-section of still another embodiment of the present invention.
The absorbent fibrous bodies of this invention contain fibers, such as comminuted wood pulp fibers, cotton linters, or the like, which, in the presence of moisture and pressure, are capable of forming a relatively dense, more or less coherent, relatively stable structure formed as a result of interfiber bonds between the moistened and compressed fibers similar to the bonds between fibers in paper. Cellulosic fibers, such as wood pulp fibers and cotton linters, are preferred in making the fibrous bodies of this invention because they readily form such interfiber bonds, when moistened and compressed. Such fibers are additionally commercially desirable as they are inexpensive, readily available and highly absorbent. Other fibers capable of developing interfiber bonds, similar to the bonds between fibers in paper in the presence of mois ture and pressure may also be used. In addition, blends of natural or synthetic fibers, such as silk, wool, linen, nylon and cellulose acetate fibers, may be used in combination with the fibers capable of forming interfiber bonds in the presence of moisture and pressure.
The fibrous structures of the present invention may be formed by applying controlled slight amounts of water as a fine spray or mist to the surface of a fibrous web or bat and then compressing the bat to form a surface skin on the moistened surface, or placing a second similar web against or on top of the moistened surface of the first web and compressing the superposed webs to form a compacted coherent integral layer of fibers at the adjacent surfaces of the superposed webs.
In FIG. 1, there is shown generally an absorbent fibrous body 10 comprising a substantially homogeneous, looselycompacted, absorbent fibrous body 11, as orginally obtained by disintegrating a wood pulp board and air-laying the resulting fibers as a bat. Such a body possesses numerous disadvantages notably relatively low cohesive strength, relatively poor shape and volume stability, relatively low fluid retcntivity and relatively low capillarity and is not ideal or completely satisfactory for use as an absorbent component in many absorbent products. The ability of such bodies to store and to retain fluids under conditions of use is low inasmuch as fluids deposited on one surface thereof tend to drain relatively quickly into its body and strike through to the opposite surface. The body can be torn apart very easily and can be distorted and deformed readily by the application of even low stresses. Due to its dispersed and loosely compacted nature, the capillary forces are low and local oversaturation and local dryness is obtained in the same fibrous body.
FIG. 2 is a cross-section of an improved absorbent fibrous structure 12 comprising a loosely compacted, absorbent fibrous body 13 and a relatively dense, compacted, coherent surface skin 14 integrally formed on the lower surface thereof. Such a structure is formed by spraying or otherwise depositing a controlled amount of moisture on the surface of absorbent fibrous body 10 and then passing the same through compression means to be described more fully hereinafter.
Such a fibrous structure resists tearing apart considerably more than the body of FIG. 1 and is distorted and deformed only by the application of greater stresses. The dense, relatively compact skin 14 has high capillary forces which facilitate the dispersion and spreading of fluid to avoid local oversaturation and dry areas.
It is believed that the formation of the densified skin is due to the formation of bonds between contacting moistened fibers, which bonds are similar to the bonds between the fibers in paper. By the proper selection of the amount of moisture applied to the fibers and by the proper selection of the degree of compression imposed, the properties of the densified skin may be varied, as desired or required. The thickness, density, strength and other characteristics of the densified skin also depend upon the uniformity by which the moisture is applied,v the depth to which it penetrates and the degree to which the fibers are compressed. For example, by finely spraying about 0.0015 cc. of water per square centimeter of web surface and then exposing the web to a pressure of about 40 pounds per square inch, a densified, coherent, papery skin is obtained on the surface of the web which had been moistened. Such a structure is illustrated in FIG. 2.
The amount of moisture used may vary from about 00005 to about 0.03 cc. of Water per square centimeter of web surface depending upon the thickness of the web, the thickness of the paper-like, densified skin desired, with the lesser amounts of moisture being used for thinner webs and yielding extremely thin papery skin and the greater amounts of moisture being used for thicker webs and yielding skins of a greater thickness.
Within the more commercial aspects of the present invention, however, it has been found that a range of from about 0.001 to about 0.004 cc. of water per square centimeter of web surface has been found economically desirable. Such values have been found particularly suitable for bats having a thickness of from about /2 to about 1 centimeter.
The amounts of pressure to be applied to the moistened surfaces may be varied from about 5 to about or more pounds per square inch, with the commercially preferable range extending from about 10 to about 50 pounds per square inch.
FIG. 3 illustrates an absorbent fibrous structure 15 having an absorbent fibrous body 16 and relatively dense, compacted, coherent skins 17, 18 integrally formed on each of the lower and upper surfaces thereof. Such a an absorbent fibrous body 56 (see FIG. 12) containing a relatively dense, compacted embossed skin 69. A waterrepellent tissue 70 is provided in order to act as a barrier against the strike-through of fluid. Another absorbent fibrous body 62 having an embossed skin such as shown in FIG. 14 contacts the under surface of water-repellent tissue 70. A paper envelope 71 is provided to enclose the absorbent components and the water-repellent tissue 70. A textile cover 72 provides an external wrapping for the complete article and has the customary ends (not shown) extending beyond the absorbent bodies to provide attachment for use. It is to be appreciated that this particular embodiment is used for illustrative purposes and that either absorbent pad may be replaced by any one of the other embodiments set forth in other figures of the drawings. It is also to be observed that, although a sanitary napkin has been employed to illustrate the present invention, such has been the case merely for descriptive purposes and is not to be construed as limitative of the present invention, inasmuch as the fibrous structures herein set forth could be used in surgical dressings, compresses, disposable diapers, hospital underpads and the like.
FIG. 16 sets forth one method of preparing absorbent fibrous bodies of the present invention. Two superposed fibrous webs 73 and '74, such as low bulk density, coherent webs of loosely compacted, comminuted wood pulp fibers, so-called fluff, are delivered separately on conveyor belts from a disintegrating mill (not shown) which finely divides the wood pulp board or sheeting into individualized fibers. These webs may be compressed lightly in order to facilitate handling. The upper surface of the lower fibrous web 74 is lightly moistened with water W in the form of a fine spray or mist from a suitable spray device 75 controlled by a valve 76. The upper web 73 is then laid down upon the lower web 74 with the wetted surface of the lower web in direct con tact with the adjacent undersurface of the upper web. The two superposed webs are carried on a series of conveyors 77, 78 to a compression device 79 consisting of a lower idler roller 80 and an upper driven compression roller 81 whereby the web is compressed.
When the superposed webs reach the compression device, the fibers which have been moistened are in a relatively swollen condition whereas the remaining fibers are still substantially dry. The moistened fibers bond together under the compression exerted by the rollers to form the fibrous body having a densified inner layer similar to the structure set forth in FIG. 4 of the drawings. These is little or no tendency for the water to penetrate or permeate too deeply into the interior of the web unless an excess has been applied. The bonded webs are then conducted by the conveyor 78, 82 in the direction indicated by the arrow for cutting, shaping or other processing. The integral densified inner layer which is formed is a coherent structure possessing greater tensile strength, good form and shape stability, high fluid retentivity and high capillarity.
F116. 17 sets forth an embossing roller 84 which is used to form the lengthwise grooves 57 as illustrated in the absorbent fibrous body 56 shown in FIG. 12. These grooves may be made narrow or wide and the intervals between them may be varied depending upon the particular requirements of the situation involved. The embossing roller 84 may be used with another similar embossing roller and the contacting relationship between the two may be so arranged that the projecting annular rings 85 of each of the embossing rollers may come into direct contact or they may be so staggered that the teeth of one fit within the intervals of the other, whereby varying designs may be obtained.
FIG. 18 discloses a compression roller 83 which can be used to compress the fibrous webs in a plane in accordance with the method disclosed in FIG. 16. These compression rollers are normally carried in vertical & stands and the pressure exerted thereby can be adjusted manually in the usual manner.
FIG. 19 sets forth a different embossing roller 86 having teeth 87 which may be used to form grooves in absorbent fibrous bodies extending crosswise thereof such as illustrated in FIG. 13 of the drawings. The axial length of the teeth 87 is equal to the crosswise length of the grooves and the spacing between the teeth 87 controls the intervals between the grooves in a longitudinal direction.
It is to be appreciated that other forms of compressing and embossing rollers could be used and that various planar, curved grooved or undulated surfaces may be obtained by the use of correspondingly shaped rollers.
An embossing roller 86 may be used in combination with a pair of annular rings at each end thereof in order to obtain the grooved absorbent fibrous body illustrated in FIG. 14.
FIG. 20 illustrates an absorbent fibrous structure 88 comprising a centrally located, loosely-compacted fibrous body 89 and relatively densified, compacted grooves 90 formed on the upper and lower surfaces thereof as by means of embossing rollers 84. It is to be observed that the grooves 90 on each surface are positioned directly opposite each other.
FIG. 21 illustrates an absorbent fibrous structure 91 comprising a centrally located, loosely-compacted fibrous body 2 and relatively densified, compacted grooves 93 formed on the upper and lower surfaces thereof as by means of embossing rollers 34. It is to be observed that the grooves 93 on each surface are staggered widthwise with relation to each other.
It is to be appreciated that the spacing of the opposed gear-like embossing rollers must be carefully controlled in the manufacture of fibrous bodies as illustrated in FIGS. 20 and 21 and that the opposed gear-like surfaces must be close enough to provide the necessary pressure but not too close as to shear through the fibrous structure.
The present inventive concept was applied to two fibrous comminuted wood-pulp air-laid webs, each about 1 centimeter thick and having a bulk density of about 0.03 gram per cubic centimeter. By finely spraying about 0.00 15 cc. of water per square centimeter of web surface on each web, then superposing the webs and applying a pressure of about 15 pounds per square inch, an integral, absorbent fibrous body having a thickness of about 1.5-1.6 centimeters was obtained having a densified, coherent inner layer about 0.04-0.05 centimeter thick.
The use of different pressures of about 10 pounds and about 60 pounds per square inch in the presence of 0.0015 cc. water per square centimeter resulted in the conversion of lesser and greater proportions of the original web into the dense paper-like layers.
The use of moistures of 0.001 and 0.003 cc. per square centimeter was evaluated with a pressure of 40 pounds per square inch. The lesser amount of moisture (0.001) yielded an extremely thin, papery layer whereas the greater amount of moisture (0.003) yielded a heavier bonded layer usable where such density and strength was desirable.
These tests were repeated with two similar webs using 10, 15, and 60 pounds per square inch pressure but without the application of any moisture to determine the effect thereof on the dense inner layer. When the pressure was removed, there was no paper-like inner layer and there was no adhesion between the two layers beyond the amount normally obtained by interfiber frictional engagement. Likewise, when embossing rollers were used, the embossed effects were deficient in stability and were lost upon subsequent wetting.
Another trial was made under similar conditions but increasing the moisture to 0.004 cc. of water vapor per square centimeter of web surface. This time the dense inner layer was considerably thicker than that obtained structure is obtained by moistening both the lower and upper surface of an absorbent pad such as body and applying pressure to the surfaces.
FIG. 4 shows an absorbent fibrous structure 19 comprising an upper, loosely compacted fibrous body 26, a lower, loosely compacted fibrous body 21 and an intermediate relatively densified, compacted, coherent layer 22 formed integrally with the upper and lower fibrous bodies 20, 21. Such a structure is obtained by moistening the face of one loosely compacted fibrous body, laying a second loosely compacted fibrous body atop the first and applying pressure thereto. If desired, the faces of both loosely compacted fibrous bodies may be moistened prior to being placed together for the application of pressure.
FIG. 5 sets forth an absorbent fibrous structure 23 comprising an upper, loosely compacted fibrous body 24, a lower, loosely compacted fibrous body 25, an intermediate relatively densified, compacted, coherent paperlike layer 26 formed integrally with the upper and lower fibrous bodies 24, 25 and a lower, relatively densified, compacted, papery skin 27 formed on the lower surface of fibrous body 25. Such a structure is obtained, for example, by wetting both sides of a fibrous structure as body it} and laying it on a dry fibrous structure, the upper surface of which may be moistened, and then applying the required pressure.
FIG. 6 sets forth an absorbent fibrous structure 28 comprising an upper, loosely compacted absorbent fibrous body 29, a lower, loosely compacted absorbent fibrous body 30, an intermediate relatively densified, compacted, coherent paper-like layer 31 and relatively densified, compacted papery skins 32, 33 on the upper and lower sur faces of the absorbent fibrous structure 28. Such a structure is obtained such as by wetting both sides of two fibrous structures, placing them together and then applying the required pressure,
FIG. 7 illustrates an absorbent fibrous structure 34 comprising an upper, loosely compacted fibrous body 35, a lower, loosely compacted fibrous body 36, an intermediate, relatively densified, compacted, narrower, coherent paper-like layer 37 formed integrally with the upper and lower fibrous bodies 35, 36 and relatively densified, compacted, coherent, paper- like skins 38, 39 of different widths formed on the upper and lower surfaces respectively of the fibrous structure 34. Such a structure is obtained, for example, by wetting both sides of two fibrous bodies only in the area in which it is desired to form the relatively densified, compacted structures and then applying the required pressure.
FIG. 8 sets forth an absorbent fibrous structure 4-0 comprising an upper, loosely compacted fibrous absorbent body 41, a lower, loosely compacted, absorbent fibrous body 42 having a width narrower than body 41, an intermediate, relatively densified, compacted, coherent, narrower, paper-like layer 43 formed integrally with the upper and lower fibrous bodies 41, 42, and relatively densified, compacted, papery skins 44, 45 formed integrally on the upper and lower surfaces of the absorbent fibrous bodies 41, 42. Such a structure is obtained by using fibrous bodies of different widths and wetting them only in the areas wherein it is desired to effect the formation of paper-like members and then applying the required pressure.
FIG. 9 sets forth an absorbent, fibrous structure 46 comprising an upper, loosely compacted, absorbent fibrous body 47, a lower, loosely compacted, absorbent, narrower fibrous body 48, an intermediate, relatively densified, compacted, coherent, narrower paper-like layer 49 formed integrally with the upper and lower absorbent fibrous bodies 47, 48 and a lower, relatively densified, compacted, papery, narrower skin 50 formed integrally on the lower surface of the lower, absorbent fibrous body 48. Such a structure is obtained by initially using two absorbent fibrous structures of different widths and moistening only the areas in which it is desired to create the paper-like members and then applying suflicient force not only to form the densified members but to force the narrower absorbent body partially into the upper absorbent body 47.
FIG. 10 discloses an absorbent fibrous structure 51 comprising an upper, loosely compacted absorbent fibrous body 52, a lower, loosely compacted fibrous body 53, an intermediate, relatively densified, compacted, coherent, narrower paper-like layer 54 formed integrally with the upper and lower absorbent fibrous bodies 52, 53 and a lower, relatively densified, compacted, paper-like, narrower surface skin 55 formed integrally 011 the lower surface of lower absorbent fibrous body 53. Such a structure is obtained in very much the same fashion as the structure set forth in PEG. 9 with the exception that the applied moisture and pressure is sufficient to force the lower absorbent fibrous body substantially wholly within the upper absorbent fibrous body so as to create a smooth, flush lower surface.
It is to be appreciated that the distance the lower absorbent fibrous body penetrates the upper absorbent fibrous body depends upon the amount of moisture and pressure applied and, if desired or required, the narrower absorbent fibrous body could be forced wholly within the upper fibrous body so that its skin is within the wider absorbent fibrous body.
FIG. 11 is a cross-sectional view of an absorbent fibrous body and shows parallel grooves 57 and high regions 58 which extend between the grooves 57.
FIG. 12 discloses an absorbent fibrous structure 56 formed with a plurality of longitudinally extending, compressed grooves 57 whereby any fluid deposited on the absorbent fibrous body and encountering the grooves tends to spread lengthwise along the fibrous body so that its absorbent effectiveness will be utilized more fully. In this form of absorbent fibrous structure there are regions of high and low capillarity within the densified layer itself. These differences in capillarity are due to the compressed grooves formed by an embossing roller to be described more fully hereinafter.
In FIG. 13, there is disclosed an absorbent fibrous body 59 wherein grooves 60 are positioned crosswise to the length of the body. These particular grooves provide strength and springiness to the body and add to its structural rigidity and form and shape stability. These grooves are impressed upon the absorbent fibrous bodies by means of embossing rollers to be described more fully hereinafter. It is to be noted that the crosswise grooves are separated by intervening high regions 61 and that they end before they reach the edges of the absorbent fibrous body. In this way fluids deposited upon the absorbent fibrous body tend to follow the grooves 6% but will not go beyond the ends thereof thereby confining the fluid to within the absorbent fibrous body itself.
FIG. 14 sets forth an absorbent fibrous body as possessing spaced, longitudinally extending grooves 63 and spaced, laterally extending grooves 64 having intervening high regions 55 which have not been compressed to the extent that the grooves 64 have been. It is to be appreciated that any fluid deposited on the absorbent fibrous body will initially tend to follow the grooves 64 laterally until the lengthwise grooves 63 are encountered, at which time the fluid will then tend to move longitudinally and contact other crosswise grooves 64. This type of absorbent fibrous body possesses increased strength and springiness due to the transverse grooves 64, superior fluid control by means of grooves 63 and 64 whereby a very complete and eifective utilization of the absorbent properties of the fibrous body is realized. The grooves in the absorbent fibrous body 62 may be obtained by a combination of embossing rollers to be described hereinafter.
FIG. 15 is a cross-section of a sanitary napkin 66 embodying an absorbent fibrous structure of the present invention. An absorbent fibrous structure 67 comprising a relatively loosely compacted, porous, fluify body 68 and previously and the thickness of the completed integral Web was reduced correspondingly.
From the above, it is seen that loosely compacted absorbent fibrous bodies, which possess relatively loW cohesive strength, relatively poor shape and volume stability, relatively low fluid retentivity, and relatively lows capillarity, are converted to bodies possessing a relatively dense, compacted, coherent skin or interlayer which creates suflicient strength, shape and volume stability, fluid retentivity, and capillarity as to render the resulting structure especially suited and highly desirable for use as absorbent components in surgical dressings, sanitary napkins, compresses, disposable diapers, hospital underpads, and other products designed to absorb body fluids.
It is, of course, realized that various modifications and changes may be made within the spirit of the invention. For example, various materials such as highly absorbent wadding paper, gauze, non-woven fabrics, and the like, may be placed on the Wetted Web surface so that, after the pressure has been applied, the materials become integral with the thin paper-like skin which is formed. It is also contemplated that various materials such as bactericides, fungicides, dyestuffs, softening agents, sizing materials, adhesives, and the like, may be included in the Water used for moistening the surfaces of the webs. These processes reflect the well-known possibilities of mechanically modifying paper to obtain desired results or effects.
While I have shown and described What I believe to be preferred embodiments of my invention in the matter of simplicity and durability of construction, it will be appreciated that the details of such construction may be more or less modified within the scope of the claims without departure from the principles of construction or material sacrifice of the advantages of the preferred designs.
I claim:
1. A method of producing an absorbent fibrous body suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products which comprises moistening a surface portion of a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume stability, and relatively low fluid retentivity with from about 0.0005 to about 0.03 cubic centimeter of water per square centimeter of surface of said bat, applying a pressure of from about to about 100 pounds per square inch to said bat While the surface thereof is moistened with said water, said pressure being sufficient to form a paper-like, densified, compacted cellulosic fibrous layer it situ in said bat and integral therewith, said layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability, and relatively high fluid retentivity.
2. A method of producing an absorbent fibrous body suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products which comprises moistening a surface portion of a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume sta bility, and relatively low fluid retentivity with from about 0.0005 to about 0.03 cubic centimeter of Water per square centimeter of surface of said bat, applying pressure to said bat while the surface thereof is moistened with said water, said pressure being sufficient to form a paper-like, densified, compacted cellulosic fibrous layer in situ in said bat and integral therewith, said layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability, and relatively high fluid retentivity.
3. A method of producing an absorbent fibrous body suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products which comprises applying water to a surface portion of a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume stability, and relatively low fluid retentivity in an amount sufficient to moisten the surface portion thereof, placing a second highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat in contacting relationship with said moistened surface, applying pressure to said bats while the surface of said moistened bat is moistened with said water, said pressure being sufficient to form a paper-like, densified, compacted cellulosic fibrous layer intermediate said bats and integral therewith, said layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability, and relatively high fluid retentivity.
4. A method of producing an absorbent fibrous body suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products which comprises applying water to a surface portion of a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume stability, and relatively low fluid retentivity in an amount suflicient to moisten fibers in said bat adjacent said moistened surface portion but not to moisten all the fibers in said bat, applying pressure to said bat While the surface thereof is moistened with said water, said pressure being sufficient to form a paper-like densified, compacted cellulosic fibrous layer in situ in said bat and integral therewith, said layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability, and relatively high fluid retentivity.
5. A method of producing an absorbent fibrous body suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products which comprises applying water to a surface portion of a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume stability, and relatively low fluid retentivity in an amount suffioient to moisten the surface portion, applying pressure to said bat while the surface thereof is moistened with said water, said pressure being suflicient to form a paper-like, densified, compacted cellulosic wood pulp fibrous hydrate-bonded layer in situ in said bat and integral therewith, said layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability, and relatively high fluid retentivity.
6. A method of producing an absorbent fibrous body suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products which comprises applying water to a surface of a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume stability, and relatively low fluid retentivity in an amount sufficient to moisten the surface thereof, applying pressure to said bat While the surface thereof is moistened with said water, said pressure being sufficient to form a paperlike, densified, compacted cellulosic fibrous layer in situ in said bat and integral therewith, said layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability, and relatively high fluid retentivity.
7. An absorbent fibrous structure suitable for use as an absorbent component in absorbent products comprising a highly porous, loosely compacted, cellulosic fibrous bat having relatively low cohesive strength, relatively low capillary forces, relatively poor shape and volume stability and relatively low fluid retentivity, and integrally united therewith by bonds comprising interfiber bonds, a paper-like, densified, compacted cellulosic fibrous layer having relatively high cohesive strength, relatively good capillary forces, relatively good shape and volume stability and relatively high fluid retentivity, said paper-like, densified, fibrous layer being formed in situ from said highly porous bat.
8. An absorbent fibrous structure as defined in claim 7 wherein the fibrous layer is narrower than the fibrous bat.
9. An absorbent fibrous structure as defined in claim 7 wherein the fibrous layer is intermediate the surfaces of the fibrous bat.
10. An absorbent fibrous structure as defined in claim 9 wherein the fibrous-layer is narrower than the fibrous bat.
11. An absorbent fibrous structure as defined in claim 7 wherein the fibrous layer is provided with grooves.
12. An absorbent fibrous structure as defined in claim 11 wherein the grooves run lengthwise of the structure.
13. An absorbent fibrous structure as defined in claim 11 wherein the grooves run widthwise of the structure.
14. An absorbent fibrous structure as defined in claim 11 wherein the fibrous layer is provided with grooves running lengthwise and widthwise of the structure.
15. An absorbent fibrous structure as defined in claim 7 wherein the cellulosic fibrous bat comprises wood pulp fibers.
16. An absorbent fibrous structure as defined in claim 7 wherein the fibrous bat comprises cotton linters.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS Parks Jan. 14, 1919 Brown Jan. 23, 1923 Brown et al June 19 ,1923 Mason Mar. 20, 1928 Robinson Mar. 22, 1932 Fourness Dec. 26, 1933 Grapp Jan. 9, 1934 Madge et al Aug. 13, 1935 Hamersley Apr. 20, 1937 Gates Aug. 18, 1942 Briggs June 15, 1943 Francis Jan. 25, 1949 Dreyfus Feb. 14, 1950 Porritt May 23, 1950 Lang Sept. 12, 1950 Kellett et a1 Oct. 2, 1951 Schramm Feb. 9, 1954 Fortess Nov. 2, 1954
Claims (1)
- 2. A METHOD OF PRODUCING AN ABSORBENT FIBROUS BODY SUITABLE FOR USE AS AN ABSORBENT COMPONENT IN ABSORBENT PRODUCTS WHICH COMPRISES MOISTENINGA SURFACE PORTION OF A HIGHLY POROUS, LOOSELY COMPACTED, CELLULOSIC FIBROUS BAT HAVING RELATIVELY LOW COHESIVE STRENGTH, RELATIVELY LOW CAPILLARY FORCES, RELATIVELY POOR SHAPE AND VOLUME STABILITY, AND RELATIVELY LOW FLUID RETENTIVITY WITH FROM ABOUT 0.0005 TO ABOUT 0.03 CUBIC CENTIMETER OF WATER PER SQUARE CENTIMETER OFSURFCE OF SAID BAT, APPLYING PRESSURE TO SAID BAT WHILE THE SURFACE THEREOF IS MOISTURED WITH SAID WATER, SAID PRESSURE BEING SUFFICIENT TO FORM A PAPER-LIKE DENSIFIED, COMPACTED CELLULOSIC FIBROUS LAYER IN SITU IN SAID BAT AND INTEGRAL THEREWITH, SAID LAYER HAVING RELATIVELY HIGH COHESIVE STRENGTH, RELATIVELY GOOD CAPILLARY FORCES, RELATIVELY GOOOD SHAPE AND VOLUME STABILITY, AND RELATIVELY HIGH FLUID RETENTIVITY.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US587015A US3017304A (en) | 1956-05-24 | 1956-05-24 | Absorbent fibrous structure and method of production |
DEB44692A DE1259014B (en) | 1956-05-24 | 1957-05-20 | Method of manufacturing an absorbent body for use in hygienic articles |
FR774877A FR1220831A (en) | 1956-05-24 | 1958-09-19 | Absorbent fibrous structure for dressings and the like |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US587015A US3017304A (en) | 1956-05-24 | 1956-05-24 | Absorbent fibrous structure and method of production |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3017304A true US3017304A (en) | 1962-01-16 |
Family
ID=24347985
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US587015A Expired - Lifetime US3017304A (en) | 1956-05-24 | 1956-05-24 | Absorbent fibrous structure and method of production |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3017304A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1259014B (en) |
Cited By (110)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3312224A (en) * | 1965-03-15 | 1967-04-04 | Kem Wove Ind Inc | Non-woven textile products and the method of fabricating the same |
US3339550A (en) * | 1964-04-07 | 1967-09-05 | Kimberly Clark Co | Sanitary napkin with cross-linked cellulosic layer |
US3375827A (en) * | 1965-03-30 | 1968-04-02 | Kimberly Clark Co | Sanitary napkin with flow control element |
US3395201A (en) * | 1964-07-14 | 1968-07-30 | Johnson & Johnson | Method and apparatus for producing an absorbent product |
US3430630A (en) * | 1966-04-27 | 1969-03-04 | Procter & Gamble | Sanitary napkin |
US3444859A (en) * | 1967-11-30 | 1969-05-20 | Johnson & Johnson | Absorbent fibrous batt with longitudinal barrier areas |
US3490103A (en) * | 1963-02-23 | 1970-01-20 | Anne Co Ltd The | Apparatus for forming absorbent material |
US3494362A (en) * | 1967-05-01 | 1970-02-10 | Johnson & Johnson | Absorbent pad |
US3612055A (en) * | 1969-09-29 | 1971-10-12 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper or the like and method of manufacture |
US3696187A (en) * | 1970-11-23 | 1972-10-03 | Jacob A Glassman | Method of forming catamenial napkins |
US3730184A (en) * | 1971-10-07 | 1973-05-01 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper |
US3763863A (en) * | 1971-10-07 | 1973-10-09 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper |
US3765997A (en) * | 1968-12-16 | 1973-10-16 | Kimberly Clark Co | Laminate |
US3779246A (en) * | 1971-10-07 | 1973-12-18 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper |
US3790433A (en) * | 1969-10-25 | 1974-02-05 | H Baron | Multilaminar sheet structure |
US3837343A (en) * | 1971-10-07 | 1974-09-24 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper, fabric useful therein, and method of manufacture |
US3844288A (en) * | 1972-03-30 | 1974-10-29 | Joa C Inc | Sanitary pad and method of manufacture |
US3867940A (en) * | 1973-08-06 | 1975-02-25 | Johnson & Johnson | Scrim reinforced disposable diaper |
US3879257A (en) * | 1973-04-30 | 1975-04-22 | Scott Paper Co | Absorbent unitary laminate-like fibrous webs and method for producing them |
US3903890A (en) * | 1974-08-20 | 1975-09-09 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper of simple construction |
US3938522A (en) * | 1972-06-26 | 1976-02-17 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper |
US3952124A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1976-04-20 | Johnson & Johnson | Back-to-back transition web and method of making said |
US3955577A (en) * | 1974-03-18 | 1976-05-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Resin treated absorbent pad or web for body fluids |
JPS5172197A (en) * | 1975-08-18 | 1976-06-22 | Enzeru Kk | |
US3993820A (en) * | 1973-07-02 | 1976-11-23 | Johnson & Johnson | Non-woven product |
US4061785A (en) * | 1969-04-26 | 1977-12-06 | Tetsuya Nishino | Method and device for preserving vegetables |
US4103062A (en) * | 1976-06-14 | 1978-07-25 | Johnson & Johnson | Absorbent panel having densified portion with hydrocolloid material fixed therein |
FR2391660A1 (en) * | 1977-02-07 | 1978-12-22 | Glassman Jacob | Double use nappy - including pad which can be removed while nappy stays on wearer, and moisture absorbing main section |
FR2437826A1 (en) * | 1978-10-06 | 1980-04-30 | Personal Products Co | ABSORBENT ADHESIVE FIXING AND CRUSHING RESISTANT |
US4207367A (en) * | 1970-03-30 | 1980-06-10 | Scott Paper Company | Nonwoven fabric |
US4233345A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1980-11-11 | Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company | Thin-skin stabilization of pads of fluffed pulp |
US4259958A (en) * | 1979-06-06 | 1981-04-07 | Riegel Textile Corporation | Multi-layer absorbent pad for disposable absorbent articles and process for producing same |
US4276338A (en) * | 1979-05-01 | 1981-06-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article |
US4282874A (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1981-08-11 | Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company | Disposable absorbent article of manufacture |
US4333462A (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1982-06-08 | Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company | Absorbent structure containing superabsorbent |
US4333463A (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1982-06-08 | Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company | Absorbent structure containing superabsorbent |
EP0077005A1 (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1983-04-20 | James River-Dixie/Northern Inc. | Patterned dry laid fibrous web products of enhanced absorbency |
US4492238A (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1985-01-08 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Method and apparatus for production of smoke filter components |
US4500315A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1985-02-19 | Personal Products Company | Superthin absorbent product |
EP0137725A1 (en) * | 1983-09-08 | 1985-04-17 | Personal Products Company | Absorbent body with fluid transport means |
US4537590A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1985-08-27 | Personal Products Company | Superthin absorbent product |
US4540454A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1985-09-10 | Personal Products Company | Method of forming a superthin absorbent product |
US4551142A (en) * | 1979-10-05 | 1985-11-05 | Personal Products Company | Flexible absorbent boards |
US4612231A (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1986-09-16 | James River-Dixie Northern, Inc. | Patterned dry laid fibrous web products of enhanced absorbency |
US4670011A (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1987-06-02 | Personal Products Company | Disposable diaper with folded absorbent batt |
US4676786A (en) * | 1985-02-14 | 1987-06-30 | Tetsuya Nishino | Paper diaper |
AU576802B2 (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1988-09-08 | Personal Products Company | Folded over densified diaper layers |
US4834735A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1989-05-30 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | High density absorbent members having lower density and lower basis weight acquisition zones |
USRE32957E (en) * | 1978-10-24 | 1989-06-20 | Johnson & Johnson | Absorbent article |
US4960477A (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1990-10-02 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Disposable diaper with folded absorbent batt |
EP0395592A2 (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1990-10-31 | Flawa Schweizer Verbandstoff- und Wattefabriken AG | Compress for the treatment of wounds |
US4971852A (en) * | 1986-05-19 | 1990-11-20 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Contoured batt produced by a scarfing method using a contouring roll |
US4994037A (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1991-02-19 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent structure designed for absorbing body fluids |
US5009650A (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1991-04-23 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent structure designed for absorbing body fluids |
US5021050A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1991-06-04 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Absorbent panel structure |
US5024672A (en) * | 1982-10-25 | 1991-06-18 | Widlund Leif U R | Disposable diaper |
US5047023A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1991-09-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent members having low density and basis weight acquisition zones |
US5100397A (en) * | 1989-06-14 | 1992-03-31 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Absorbent mixture |
US5128193A (en) * | 1990-01-16 | 1992-07-07 | Chicopee | Absorbent fibrous structure |
US5149335A (en) * | 1990-02-23 | 1992-09-22 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent structure |
US5171237A (en) * | 1989-06-14 | 1992-12-15 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method of making absorbent particles |
US5176668A (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1993-01-05 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent structure designed for absorbing body fluids |
US5252129A (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1993-10-12 | Cheng Peter S C | Method of making a paper decoration |
US5370639A (en) * | 1982-10-25 | 1994-12-06 | Molnlyke Ab | Arrangement in a disposable diaper |
US5378528A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1995-01-03 | Makoui; Kambiz B. | Absorbent structure containing superabsorbent particles and having a latex binder coating on at least one surface of the absorbent structure |
US5451442A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1995-09-19 | Paragon Trade Brands, Inc. | Absorbent panel structure for a disposable garment |
US5601542A (en) * | 1993-02-24 | 1997-02-11 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent composite |
US5611879A (en) * | 1987-12-18 | 1997-03-18 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article having an absorbent with a variable density in the Z direction and a method of forming said article |
GB2315221A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-28 | Camelot Superabsorbents Ltd | Absorbent Articles |
US5849002A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1998-12-15 | Productos Internacionales Mabe, S.A | Disposable diaper with reception, distribution-storage and anti-leakage zones within the absorbent core |
US5865822A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1999-02-02 | Kao Corporation | Crosslinked cellulose fibers, absorbent papers and absorbent members using the same, topsheets using the same, and absorbent articles using the same |
US5916507A (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1999-06-29 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Method of forming a unitized absorbent product with a density gradient |
US5919178A (en) * | 1994-05-04 | 1999-07-06 | Sca Molnlycke Ab | Method for producing an absorbent structure which includes a layer of superabsorbent material |
WO2000020675A1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2000-04-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Differential basis weight nonwoven webs |
US20020082574A1 (en) * | 2000-12-25 | 2002-06-27 | Masashi Nakashita | Body fluid absorbent wearing article |
US6485667B1 (en) | 1997-01-17 | 2002-11-26 | Rayonier Products And Financial Services Company | Process for making a soft, strong, absorbent material for use in absorbent articles |
US20030125703A1 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-07-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Mechanical fastening system for an absorbent article |
US20030194930A1 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2003-10-16 | Joyce Michael J. | Flow control within a press fabric using batt fiber fusion methods |
US20030234468A1 (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 2003-12-25 | Krishnakumar Rangachari | Soft, absorbent material for use in absorbent articles and process for making the material |
US20040016178A1 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2004-01-29 | Ravi Rajagopalan | Planter having an integral water tray |
US20040054343A1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-03-18 | Barnett Larry N. | Horizontal density gradient absorbent system for personal care products |
US20040188993A1 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-09-30 | Wayne Campbell | Birdcage bearing assembly and suspension connection for a high performance vehicle |
US6835192B1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2004-12-28 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Absorbent article with improved liquid dispersion |
US20050011120A1 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2005-01-20 | Ravi Rajagopalan | Planter liner having an integral water tray |
US20050045296A1 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-03 | Adam Gabriel Hammam | Stabilized absorbent composite material and method for making |
US20070073253A1 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2007-03-29 | Uni-Charm Corporation | Absorbent article |
US20070131368A1 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-06-14 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Paperboard with discrete densified regions, process for making same, and laminate incorporating same |
US20080187705A1 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2008-08-07 | Mark Shapton | Method of non-abrasive mechanical relief of a cellulose sheet and apparatus |
WO2007112285A3 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2008-10-02 | Auxilium Pharmaceuticals Inc | Process for the preparation of a hot-melt extruded laminate |
US7431715B2 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2008-10-07 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Absorbent article |
US20090264385A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2009-10-22 | Crowley Michael M | Stabilized compositions containing alkaline labile drugs |
US20100137773A1 (en) * | 2000-06-12 | 2010-06-03 | Buckeye Technologies, Inc. | Absorbent products with improved vertical wicking and rewet capability |
WO2012148974A1 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of making absorbent members having density profile |
WO2012148973A1 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of making absorbent members having skewed density profile |
WO2012148978A1 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent members having skewed density profile |
WO2012149073A1 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of making bulked absorbent members |
WO2012148944A1 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent members having density profile |
US8657596B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2014-02-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method and apparatus for deforming a web |
US9028652B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2015-05-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of making bulked absorbent members |
US9067357B2 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2015-06-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for deforming a web |
US9220638B2 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2015-12-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Deformed web materials |
US20160114311A1 (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2016-04-28 | City University Of Hong Kong | Sorbent material and a method for enhancing sorption performance thereof |
US9439815B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2016-09-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent members having skewed density profile |
US9440394B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2016-09-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of mechanically deforming materials |
US9452094B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2016-09-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent members having density profile |
US9452089B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2016-09-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of making absorbent members having density profile |
US20170065466A1 (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-03-09 | Principle Business Enterprises, Inc. | Absorbent Core For An Absorbent Article |
US10011953B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2018-07-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Bulked absorbent members |
US11278457B2 (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2022-03-22 | Hill-Rom Services, Inc. | Incontinence detection optimization using directional wicking |
US11925539B2 (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2024-03-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Disposable absorbent article |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE3943404C1 (en) * | 1989-12-30 | 1990-11-29 | Vp-Schickedanz Ag, 8500 Nuernberg, De |
Citations (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1291626A (en) * | 1914-03-09 | 1919-01-14 | Int Paper Co | Surfacing paper. |
US1442793A (en) * | 1921-08-11 | 1923-01-23 | Stearns & Foster Company | Batting |
US1459499A (en) * | 1921-12-02 | 1923-06-19 | Multi Fabric Corp | Waterproof sheet material and process of making the same |
US1663506A (en) * | 1926-03-01 | 1928-03-20 | Mason Fibre Company | Integral insulating board with hard welded surfaces |
US1850895A (en) * | 1930-02-28 | 1932-03-22 | Robinson & Sons Ltd | Paper-like material |
US1941255A (en) * | 1932-03-11 | 1933-12-26 | Int Cellucotton Products | Felted fabric |
US1942693A (en) * | 1928-09-28 | 1934-01-09 | William L Grapp | Mattress and the like and process of manufacturing the same |
US2010871A (en) * | 1933-01-25 | 1935-08-13 | Dunlop Rubber Co | Fibrous composition and method of producing the same |
US2077475A (en) * | 1934-10-22 | 1937-04-20 | Carl S Hamersley | Method and means for making paper |
US2293278A (en) * | 1937-06-25 | 1942-08-18 | Warren S D Co | Process for finishing paper and product |
US2321985A (en) * | 1938-10-28 | 1943-06-15 | Briggs Clarifier Company | Method and apparatus for separating solids from fluids |
US2459803A (en) * | 1939-10-23 | 1949-01-25 | American Viscose Corp | Feltlike products |
US2497117A (en) * | 1946-01-23 | 1950-02-14 | Dreyfus Camille | Method of surface-bonding fibrous batts |
US2508968A (en) * | 1945-10-26 | 1950-05-23 | R R Whitehead & Brothers Ltd | Manufacture of felted material |
US2521984A (en) * | 1947-05-19 | 1950-09-12 | American Felt Co | Fibrous unit |
US2569765A (en) * | 1946-04-04 | 1951-10-02 | Int Cellucotton Products | Method and apparatus for making an absorption control element |
US2668787A (en) * | 1951-01-09 | 1954-02-09 | Jr August F Schramm | Method of making a bonded permeable article |
US2693432A (en) * | 1951-01-25 | 1954-11-02 | Celanese Corp | Glazing batting materials |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE227260C (en) * | 1910-06-03 | |||
DE405055C (en) * | 1921-04-16 | 1924-10-25 | Otto Begerow | Process for the production of a filter sheet |
DE534056C (en) * | 1928-04-17 | 1931-09-23 | Ernst Olof Munktell | Process for the production of linen substitutes |
US1863333A (en) * | 1929-12-10 | 1932-06-14 | Int Cellucotton Products | Absorbent pad |
DE596223C (en) * | 1931-09-30 | 1934-05-02 | Cellufoam Corp | Process for the manufacture of cellulose wadding or a cellulose wadding-like product |
AT136881B (en) * | 1932-12-05 | 1934-03-26 | Watte Wattelin Und Verbandstof | Process for the manufacture of die-cut cotton wool web products. |
CH251019A (en) * | 1945-05-12 | 1947-09-30 | A Mueller Paul | Material at least partially made of paper for hygienic purposes. |
NL71367C (en) * | 1946-04-04 |
-
1956
- 1956-05-24 US US587015A patent/US3017304A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1957
- 1957-05-20 DE DEB44692A patent/DE1259014B/en active Pending
Patent Citations (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1291626A (en) * | 1914-03-09 | 1919-01-14 | Int Paper Co | Surfacing paper. |
US1442793A (en) * | 1921-08-11 | 1923-01-23 | Stearns & Foster Company | Batting |
US1459499A (en) * | 1921-12-02 | 1923-06-19 | Multi Fabric Corp | Waterproof sheet material and process of making the same |
US1663506A (en) * | 1926-03-01 | 1928-03-20 | Mason Fibre Company | Integral insulating board with hard welded surfaces |
US1942693A (en) * | 1928-09-28 | 1934-01-09 | William L Grapp | Mattress and the like and process of manufacturing the same |
US1850895A (en) * | 1930-02-28 | 1932-03-22 | Robinson & Sons Ltd | Paper-like material |
US1941255A (en) * | 1932-03-11 | 1933-12-26 | Int Cellucotton Products | Felted fabric |
US2010871A (en) * | 1933-01-25 | 1935-08-13 | Dunlop Rubber Co | Fibrous composition and method of producing the same |
US2077475A (en) * | 1934-10-22 | 1937-04-20 | Carl S Hamersley | Method and means for making paper |
US2293278A (en) * | 1937-06-25 | 1942-08-18 | Warren S D Co | Process for finishing paper and product |
US2321985A (en) * | 1938-10-28 | 1943-06-15 | Briggs Clarifier Company | Method and apparatus for separating solids from fluids |
US2459803A (en) * | 1939-10-23 | 1949-01-25 | American Viscose Corp | Feltlike products |
US2508968A (en) * | 1945-10-26 | 1950-05-23 | R R Whitehead & Brothers Ltd | Manufacture of felted material |
US2497117A (en) * | 1946-01-23 | 1950-02-14 | Dreyfus Camille | Method of surface-bonding fibrous batts |
US2569765A (en) * | 1946-04-04 | 1951-10-02 | Int Cellucotton Products | Method and apparatus for making an absorption control element |
US2521984A (en) * | 1947-05-19 | 1950-09-12 | American Felt Co | Fibrous unit |
US2668787A (en) * | 1951-01-09 | 1954-02-09 | Jr August F Schramm | Method of making a bonded permeable article |
US2693432A (en) * | 1951-01-25 | 1954-11-02 | Celanese Corp | Glazing batting materials |
Cited By (139)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3490103A (en) * | 1963-02-23 | 1970-01-20 | Anne Co Ltd The | Apparatus for forming absorbent material |
US3339550A (en) * | 1964-04-07 | 1967-09-05 | Kimberly Clark Co | Sanitary napkin with cross-linked cellulosic layer |
US3395201A (en) * | 1964-07-14 | 1968-07-30 | Johnson & Johnson | Method and apparatus for producing an absorbent product |
US3312224A (en) * | 1965-03-15 | 1967-04-04 | Kem Wove Ind Inc | Non-woven textile products and the method of fabricating the same |
US3375827A (en) * | 1965-03-30 | 1968-04-02 | Kimberly Clark Co | Sanitary napkin with flow control element |
US3430630A (en) * | 1966-04-27 | 1969-03-04 | Procter & Gamble | Sanitary napkin |
US3494362A (en) * | 1967-05-01 | 1970-02-10 | Johnson & Johnson | Absorbent pad |
US3444859A (en) * | 1967-11-30 | 1969-05-20 | Johnson & Johnson | Absorbent fibrous batt with longitudinal barrier areas |
US3765997A (en) * | 1968-12-16 | 1973-10-16 | Kimberly Clark Co | Laminate |
US4061785A (en) * | 1969-04-26 | 1977-12-06 | Tetsuya Nishino | Method and device for preserving vegetables |
US3612055A (en) * | 1969-09-29 | 1971-10-12 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper or the like and method of manufacture |
US3790433A (en) * | 1969-10-25 | 1974-02-05 | H Baron | Multilaminar sheet structure |
US4207367A (en) * | 1970-03-30 | 1980-06-10 | Scott Paper Company | Nonwoven fabric |
US3696187A (en) * | 1970-11-23 | 1972-10-03 | Jacob A Glassman | Method of forming catamenial napkins |
US3730184A (en) * | 1971-10-07 | 1973-05-01 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper |
US3763863A (en) * | 1971-10-07 | 1973-10-09 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper |
US3779246A (en) * | 1971-10-07 | 1973-12-18 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper |
US3837343A (en) * | 1971-10-07 | 1974-09-24 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper, fabric useful therein, and method of manufacture |
US3844288A (en) * | 1972-03-30 | 1974-10-29 | Joa C Inc | Sanitary pad and method of manufacture |
US3938522A (en) * | 1972-06-26 | 1976-02-17 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper |
US3879257A (en) * | 1973-04-30 | 1975-04-22 | Scott Paper Co | Absorbent unitary laminate-like fibrous webs and method for producing them |
US3993820A (en) * | 1973-07-02 | 1976-11-23 | Johnson & Johnson | Non-woven product |
US3952124A (en) * | 1973-07-09 | 1976-04-20 | Johnson & Johnson | Back-to-back transition web and method of making said |
US3867940A (en) * | 1973-08-06 | 1975-02-25 | Johnson & Johnson | Scrim reinforced disposable diaper |
US3955577A (en) * | 1974-03-18 | 1976-05-11 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Resin treated absorbent pad or web for body fluids |
US3903890A (en) * | 1974-08-20 | 1975-09-09 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable diaper of simple construction |
JPS5172197A (en) * | 1975-08-18 | 1976-06-22 | Enzeru Kk | |
JPS5436793B2 (en) * | 1975-08-18 | 1979-11-10 | ||
US4103062A (en) * | 1976-06-14 | 1978-07-25 | Johnson & Johnson | Absorbent panel having densified portion with hydrocolloid material fixed therein |
FR2391660A1 (en) * | 1977-02-07 | 1978-12-22 | Glassman Jacob | Double use nappy - including pad which can be removed while nappy stays on wearer, and moisture absorbing main section |
FR2437826A1 (en) * | 1978-10-06 | 1980-04-30 | Personal Products Co | ABSORBENT ADHESIVE FIXING AND CRUSHING RESISTANT |
US4217901A (en) * | 1978-10-06 | 1980-08-19 | Personal Products Company | Crush-resistant adhesively-attached absorbent product |
USRE32957E (en) * | 1978-10-24 | 1989-06-20 | Johnson & Johnson | Absorbent article |
US4233345A (en) * | 1979-04-23 | 1980-11-11 | Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company | Thin-skin stabilization of pads of fluffed pulp |
US4276338A (en) * | 1979-05-01 | 1981-06-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent article |
US4282874A (en) * | 1979-05-11 | 1981-08-11 | Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company | Disposable absorbent article of manufacture |
US4259958A (en) * | 1979-06-06 | 1981-04-07 | Riegel Textile Corporation | Multi-layer absorbent pad for disposable absorbent articles and process for producing same |
US4551142A (en) * | 1979-10-05 | 1985-11-05 | Personal Products Company | Flexible absorbent boards |
US4333463A (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1982-06-08 | Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company | Absorbent structure containing superabsorbent |
US4333462A (en) * | 1980-11-17 | 1982-06-08 | Johnson & Johnson Baby Products Company | Absorbent structure containing superabsorbent |
US4492238A (en) * | 1981-09-30 | 1985-01-08 | Philip Morris Incorporated | Method and apparatus for production of smoke filter components |
US4612231A (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1986-09-16 | James River-Dixie Northern, Inc. | Patterned dry laid fibrous web products of enhanced absorbency |
EP0077005A1 (en) * | 1981-10-05 | 1983-04-20 | James River-Dixie/Northern Inc. | Patterned dry laid fibrous web products of enhanced absorbency |
US5370639A (en) * | 1982-10-25 | 1994-12-06 | Molnlyke Ab | Arrangement in a disposable diaper |
US5024672A (en) * | 1982-10-25 | 1991-06-18 | Widlund Leif U R | Disposable diaper |
US4537590A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1985-08-27 | Personal Products Company | Superthin absorbent product |
US4540454A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1985-09-10 | Personal Products Company | Method of forming a superthin absorbent product |
US4500315A (en) * | 1982-11-08 | 1985-02-19 | Personal Products Company | Superthin absorbent product |
EP0137725A1 (en) * | 1983-09-08 | 1985-04-17 | Personal Products Company | Absorbent body with fluid transport means |
AU571573B2 (en) * | 1983-09-08 | 1988-04-21 | Personal Products Co. | Absorbent body with rapid fluid transport means |
US4960477A (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1990-10-02 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Disposable diaper with folded absorbent batt |
AU576802B2 (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1988-09-08 | Personal Products Company | Folded over densified diaper layers |
US4670011A (en) * | 1983-12-01 | 1987-06-02 | Personal Products Company | Disposable diaper with folded absorbent batt |
US5176668A (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1993-01-05 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent structure designed for absorbing body fluids |
US5009650A (en) * | 1984-04-13 | 1991-04-23 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent structure designed for absorbing body fluids |
US4676786A (en) * | 1985-02-14 | 1987-06-30 | Tetsuya Nishino | Paper diaper |
US4971852A (en) * | 1986-05-19 | 1990-11-20 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Contoured batt produced by a scarfing method using a contouring roll |
US4834735A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1989-05-30 | The Proctor & Gamble Company | High density absorbent members having lower density and lower basis weight acquisition zones |
US5047023A (en) * | 1986-07-18 | 1991-09-10 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent members having low density and basis weight acquisition zones |
US5611879A (en) * | 1987-12-18 | 1997-03-18 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent article having an absorbent with a variable density in the Z direction and a method of forming said article |
EP0395592A3 (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1991-11-06 | Flawa Schweizer Verbandstoff- und Wattefabriken AG | Compress for the treatment of wounds |
EP0395592A2 (en) * | 1989-04-27 | 1990-10-31 | Flawa Schweizer Verbandstoff- und Wattefabriken AG | Compress for the treatment of wounds |
US5100397A (en) * | 1989-06-14 | 1992-03-31 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Absorbent mixture |
US5171237A (en) * | 1989-06-14 | 1992-12-15 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method of making absorbent particles |
US5021050A (en) * | 1989-12-11 | 1991-06-04 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Absorbent panel structure |
US5128193A (en) * | 1990-01-16 | 1992-07-07 | Chicopee | Absorbent fibrous structure |
EP0765649A2 (en) | 1990-02-23 | 1997-04-02 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent structure |
US5149335A (en) * | 1990-02-23 | 1992-09-22 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent structure |
US5378528A (en) * | 1990-04-20 | 1995-01-03 | Makoui; Kambiz B. | Absorbent structure containing superabsorbent particles and having a latex binder coating on at least one surface of the absorbent structure |
US4994037A (en) * | 1990-07-09 | 1991-02-19 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent structure designed for absorbing body fluids |
US5916507A (en) * | 1991-06-11 | 1999-06-29 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Method of forming a unitized absorbent product with a density gradient |
US5451442A (en) * | 1991-12-17 | 1995-09-19 | Paragon Trade Brands, Inc. | Absorbent panel structure for a disposable garment |
US5252129A (en) * | 1992-04-28 | 1993-10-12 | Cheng Peter S C | Method of making a paper decoration |
US5601542A (en) * | 1993-02-24 | 1997-02-11 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Absorbent composite |
US6646179B1 (en) | 1993-02-24 | 2003-11-11 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Absorbent composite |
US6068619A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 2000-05-30 | Kao Corporation | Crosslinked cellulose fibers, absorbent papers and absorbent members using the same, topsheets using the same, and absorbent articles using the same |
US5865822A (en) * | 1993-12-28 | 1999-02-02 | Kao Corporation | Crosslinked cellulose fibers, absorbent papers and absorbent members using the same, topsheets using the same, and absorbent articles using the same |
US5919178A (en) * | 1994-05-04 | 1999-07-06 | Sca Molnlycke Ab | Method for producing an absorbent structure which includes a layer of superabsorbent material |
US5849002A (en) * | 1994-06-30 | 1998-12-15 | Productos Internacionales Mabe, S.A | Disposable diaper with reception, distribution-storage and anti-leakage zones within the absorbent core |
GB2315221B (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 2001-01-17 | Camelot Superabsorbents Ltd | Absorbent articles |
GB2315221A (en) * | 1996-07-12 | 1998-01-28 | Camelot Superabsorbents Ltd | Absorbent Articles |
US6485667B1 (en) | 1997-01-17 | 2002-11-26 | Rayonier Products And Financial Services Company | Process for making a soft, strong, absorbent material for use in absorbent articles |
US20030234468A1 (en) * | 1997-01-17 | 2003-12-25 | Krishnakumar Rangachari | Soft, absorbent material for use in absorbent articles and process for making the material |
WO2000020675A1 (en) * | 1998-10-01 | 2000-04-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Differential basis weight nonwoven webs |
US6835192B1 (en) | 1999-05-27 | 2004-12-28 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Absorbent article with improved liquid dispersion |
US20100137773A1 (en) * | 2000-06-12 | 2010-06-03 | Buckeye Technologies, Inc. | Absorbent products with improved vertical wicking and rewet capability |
US20030194930A1 (en) * | 2000-11-28 | 2003-10-16 | Joyce Michael J. | Flow control within a press fabric using batt fiber fusion methods |
US20020082574A1 (en) * | 2000-12-25 | 2002-06-27 | Masashi Nakashita | Body fluid absorbent wearing article |
US20060293633A1 (en) * | 2000-12-25 | 2006-12-28 | Uni-Charm Corporation | Body Fluid Absorbent Wearing Article |
US7154020B2 (en) * | 2000-12-25 | 2006-12-26 | Uni-Charm Corporation | Body fluid absorbent wearing article |
US20030125703A1 (en) * | 2001-12-31 | 2003-07-03 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Mechanical fastening system for an absorbent article |
US7621075B2 (en) | 2002-07-29 | 2009-11-24 | The Pride Group, Inc. | Planter liner having an integral water tray |
US6789355B2 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2004-09-14 | The Pride Group, Inc. | Planter having an integral water tray |
US20050011120A1 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2005-01-20 | Ravi Rajagopalan | Planter liner having an integral water tray |
US20040016178A1 (en) * | 2002-07-29 | 2004-01-29 | Ravi Rajagopalan | Planter having an integral water tray |
US20040054343A1 (en) * | 2002-09-18 | 2004-03-18 | Barnett Larry N. | Horizontal density gradient absorbent system for personal care products |
US7431715B2 (en) | 2002-09-27 | 2008-10-07 | Sca Hygiene Products Ab | Absorbent article |
US20040188993A1 (en) * | 2003-03-25 | 2004-09-30 | Wayne Campbell | Birdcage bearing assembly and suspension connection for a high performance vehicle |
US20050045296A1 (en) * | 2003-08-29 | 2005-03-03 | Adam Gabriel Hammam | Stabilized absorbent composite material and method for making |
US20070073253A1 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2007-03-29 | Uni-Charm Corporation | Absorbent article |
US8237012B2 (en) * | 2005-09-26 | 2012-08-07 | Uni-Charm Corporation | Absorbent article |
US20070131368A1 (en) * | 2005-12-14 | 2007-06-14 | Sonoco Development, Inc. | Paperboard with discrete densified regions, process for making same, and laminate incorporating same |
US8465759B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2013-06-18 | Auxilium Us Holdings, Llc | Process for the preparation of a hot-melt extruded laminate |
US9364445B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2016-06-14 | Auxilium Us Holdings, Llc | Stabilized compositions containing alkaline labile drugs |
US20090136555A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2009-05-28 | Crowley Michael M | Process for the preparation of a hot-melt extruded laminate |
AU2007230729B2 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2011-07-28 | Auxilium International Holdings, Inc. | Process for the preparation of a hot-melt extruded laminate |
US8173152B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2012-05-08 | Auxilium Us Holdings, Llc | Stabilized compositions containing alkaline labile drugs |
WO2007112285A3 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2008-10-02 | Auxilium Pharmaceuticals Inc | Process for the preparation of a hot-melt extruded laminate |
US9867786B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2018-01-16 | Auxilium Us Holdings, Llc | Stabilized compositions containing alkaline labile drugs |
US8883187B2 (en) | 2006-03-24 | 2014-11-11 | Auxilium Us Holdings, Llc | Stabilized compositions containing alkaline labile drugs |
US20090264385A1 (en) * | 2006-03-24 | 2009-10-22 | Crowley Michael M | Stabilized compositions containing alkaline labile drugs |
US20080187705A1 (en) * | 2007-02-02 | 2008-08-07 | Mark Shapton | Method of non-abrasive mechanical relief of a cellulose sheet and apparatus |
US9415538B2 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2016-08-16 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for deforming a web |
US9067357B2 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2015-06-30 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for deforming a web |
US10633775B2 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2020-04-28 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Deformed web materials |
US9220638B2 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2015-12-29 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Deformed web materials |
US9623602B2 (en) | 2010-09-10 | 2017-04-18 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method for deforming a web |
US9028652B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2015-05-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of making bulked absorbent members |
US9452093B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2016-09-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent members having density profile |
US9120268B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2015-09-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method and apparatus for deforming a web |
US8657596B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2014-02-25 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method and apparatus for deforming a web |
WO2012148944A1 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent members having density profile |
WO2012148999A1 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Bulked absorbent members |
WO2012149073A1 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of making bulked absorbent members |
US9439815B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2016-09-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent members having skewed density profile |
US9440394B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2016-09-13 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of mechanically deforming materials |
US10011953B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2018-07-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Bulked absorbent members |
US9452094B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2016-09-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent members having density profile |
US9452089B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2016-09-27 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of making absorbent members having density profile |
US9534325B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2017-01-03 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of making absorbent members having skewed density profile |
WO2012148978A1 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Absorbent members having skewed density profile |
WO2012148973A1 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of making absorbent members having skewed density profile |
WO2012148974A1 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2012-11-01 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Methods of making absorbent members having density profile |
US10279535B2 (en) | 2011-04-26 | 2019-05-07 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Method and apparatus for deforming a web |
US20160114311A1 (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2016-04-28 | City University Of Hong Kong | Sorbent material and a method for enhancing sorption performance thereof |
US9873105B2 (en) * | 2014-10-24 | 2018-01-23 | City University Of Hong Kong | Sorbent material and a method for enhancing sorption performance thereof |
US20170065466A1 (en) * | 2015-09-08 | 2017-03-09 | Principle Business Enterprises, Inc. | Absorbent Core For An Absorbent Article |
US11278457B2 (en) * | 2017-02-09 | 2022-03-22 | Hill-Rom Services, Inc. | Incontinence detection optimization using directional wicking |
US11925539B2 (en) | 2018-08-22 | 2024-03-12 | The Procter & Gamble Company | Disposable absorbent article |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE1259014B (en) | 1968-01-18 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3017304A (en) | Absorbent fibrous structure and method of production | |
US3993820A (en) | Non-woven product | |
US3494362A (en) | Absorbent pad | |
US3975222A (en) | Method of forming a fibrous web | |
US4186165A (en) | Method of producing an absorbent panel having densified portion with hydrocolloid material fixed therein | |
US2952260A (en) | Absorbent product | |
US4015604A (en) | Absorbent product with side leakage control means | |
US3938522A (en) | Disposable diaper | |
US5387385A (en) | Method of making highly absorbent and flexible cellulosic pulp fluff sheet | |
US4103062A (en) | Absorbent panel having densified portion with hydrocolloid material fixed therein | |
US4211227A (en) | Surgical sponge material | |
US5128193A (en) | Absorbent fibrous structure | |
CA1251902A (en) | Perf-embossed absorbent structure | |
US3395201A (en) | Method and apparatus for producing an absorbent product | |
JPS61252301A (en) | Disposable diaper | |
US4259387A (en) | Absorbent fibrous structure | |
US3444859A (en) | Absorbent fibrous batt with longitudinal barrier areas | |
US4573988A (en) | Superthin absorbent product | |
US5451442A (en) | Absorbent panel structure for a disposable garment | |
JP3315115B2 (en) | Flexible absorbent sheet | |
US3965904A (en) | Disposable diaper | |
US4391869A (en) | Nonwoven fibrous product | |
GB1133104A (en) | Pads or napkins for absorbing human body fluids | |
US3036573A (en) | Cellulosic product | |
SK281520B6 (en) | Absorbent article and method of its manufacture |