US3027333A - Electrically conductive emulsions - Google Patents
Electrically conductive emulsions Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3027333A US3027333A US705820A US70582057A US3027333A US 3027333 A US3027333 A US 3027333A US 705820 A US705820 A US 705820A US 70582057 A US70582057 A US 70582057A US 3027333 A US3027333 A US 3027333A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- electrically conductive
- skin
- salt
- sodium
- sodium chloride
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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- 239000000839 emulsion Substances 0.000 title claims description 10
- 235000002639 sodium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 24
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 22
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 11
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 claims description 5
- PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Sulfate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O PMZURENOXWZQFD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007853 buffer solution Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000002612 dispersion medium Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- FTQWRYSLUYAIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-[(octadecanoylamino)methyl]octadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NCNC(=O)CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC FTQWRYSLUYAIRQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium nitrite Chemical compound [Na+].[O-]N=O LPXPTNMVRIOKMN-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 5
- VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-monostearoylglycerol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)OCC(O)CO VBICKXHEKHSIBG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexadecan-1-ol Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCO BXWNKGSJHAJOGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000003112 inhibitor Substances 0.000 description 4
- 241000894006 Bacteria Species 0.000 description 3
- 240000004808 Saccharomyces cerevisiae Species 0.000 description 3
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 description 3
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 235000011187 glycerol Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- -1 hexitol anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 3
- FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 FJKROLUGYXJWQN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Acetic acid Chemical compound CC(O)=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium laurylsulphate Chemical compound [Na+].CCCCCCCCCCCCOS([O-])(=O)=O DBMJMQXJHONAFJ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 239000000443 aerosol Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229960000541 cetyl alcohol Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 150000002148 esters Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940075507 glyceryl monostearate Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000001788 mono and diglycerides of fatty acids Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000136 polysorbate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 235000019333 sodium laurylsulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000010288 sodium nitrite Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000004094 surface-active agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229940090248 4-hydroxybenzoic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 206010012442 Dermatitis contact Diseases 0.000 description 1
- IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylene oxide Chemical class C1CO1 IAYPIBMASNFSPL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229960000583 acetic acid Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 125000002947 alkylene group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminum magnesium Chemical compound [Mg].[Al] SNAAJJQQZSMGQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000010247 contact dermatitis Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 235000014113 dietary fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000003995 emulsifying agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000194 fatty acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229930195729 fatty acid Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000004665 fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002191 fatty alcohols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000012362 glacial acetic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002646 long chain fatty acid esters Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000004668 long chain fatty acids Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002609 medium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000000325 methylidene group Chemical group [H]C([H])=* 0.000 description 1
- APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-(4-aminophenyl)sulfonyloctadecanamide Chemical compound CCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCCC(=O)NS(=O)(=O)C1=CC=C(N)C=C1 APVPOHHVBBYQAV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008055 phosphate buffer solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000151 polyglycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000010695 polyglycol Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000344 soap Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052708 sodium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000001509 sodium citrate Substances 0.000 description 1
- NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K sodium citrate Chemical compound O.O.[Na+].[Na+].[Na+].[O-]C(=O)CC(O)(CC([O-])=O)C([O-])=O NLJMYIDDQXHKNR-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 125000004079 stearyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])C([H])([H])[H] 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
- A61K9/06—Ointments; Bases therefor; Other semi-solid forms, e.g. creams, sticks, gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61B—DIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
- A61B5/00—Measuring for diagnostic purposes; Identification of persons
- A61B5/24—Detecting, measuring or recording bioelectric or biomagnetic signals of the body or parts thereof
- A61B5/25—Bioelectric electrodes therefor
- A61B5/251—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body
- A61B5/257—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body using adhesive means, e.g. adhesive pads or tapes
- A61B5/259—Means for maintaining electrode contact with the body using adhesive means, e.g. adhesive pads or tapes using conductive adhesive means, e.g. gels
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
- A61K33/00—Medicinal preparations containing inorganic active ingredients
- A61K33/14—Alkali metal chlorides; Alkaline earth metal chlorides
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K23/00—Use of substances as emulsifying, wetting, dispersing, or foam-producing agents
- C09K23/16—Amines or polyamines
Definitions
- the present invention relates to electrically conductive systems, and particularly to a new and improved system for use with electrodes in making cardiograms.
- Diiferent parts of the surface of the body have different resistances to the passage of electric current. Some skin may be dry and thick, whereas other skin may be moist and thin. Still other skin may be oily, and the degree of hair on skin varies widely. All of these skin characteristics act to vary the passage of electric current from the body of a patient to electrocardiographic equipment thereby providing erratic tracings.
- the principal object of this invention is to provide a system that will act to enhance the passage of electric current between the body of a patient and electrocardiographic equipment.
- Another object of this invention is to provide such a system that will be readily applied and readily removed without any resulting condition requiring cleansing.
- Another object of the invention is to provide such a system that will not only cleanse the skin, but will provide high conductivity between the skin and electrocardiographic electrodes.
- Another object of the invention is to provide such a system in which, when applied to the body of a patient, contact dermatitis is lessened while increased conductivity is provided.
- Another object of this invention is to provide such a system in which the growth of bacteria, molds or yeast is inhibited.
- One aspect of this invention may be to provide an aqueous system that may include a base of emulsified material of an anionic, cationic, non-ionic or amphoteric type.
- Another aspect of the invention may be to include with said base, any salt suitable to act as a conductor for the passage of electric current from an electrode to the body of a patient.
- Still another aspect of the invention may be to employ a bufier solution with the system in order to provide the degree of acidity corresponding substantially to the acid mantle of the body skin.
- inhibitors for preventing the growth of bacteria, molds or yeast may be included, although such inhibitors may be dispensed with if the system is packaged in a pressure dispensing container of the type commonly known as aerosol packages.
- the base of the system forming this invention may comprise an aqueous system of an emuslified material which may be of an anionic, cationic, non-ionic or amphoteric type.
- emuslified material which may be of an anionic, cationic, non-ionic or amphoteric type.
- non-ionic materials may be selected from the group including polyglycol fatty acids, Spans and Tweens and the like.
- Span is the registered trademark of the Atlas Powder Company for a series of non-ionic surface active agents which are long chain fatty acid partial esters of hexitol anhydrides, including sorbitans, sorbides, mannitans, and mannides.
- Tween is the registered trademark of the Atlas Powder Company for a series of non-ionic surface active agents which are polyoxy alkylene derivatives of hexitol anhydride partial long chain fatty acid esters.
- aqueous system of an emulsified material and a highly ionizable salt may be employed alone, should it be desired to produce a pH in the system that will correspond substantially to the acid mantle of the bodily skin, any one of many buifer solutions may be utilized, among which may be included a sodium citrate, a citric acid, or a phosphate buffer solution.
- the amount of bufier solution employed should be such as to produce a pH of between substantially 4.2 to 6.
- Non-ionic Percentage Sodium nitrite 0.1
- Non-ionic blend of ethylene oxide derivatives of lanolin-higher fatty alcohols 6.0 Cetyl alcohol 2.0 Sodium chloride 5.0 Glycerin 5.0 pH 5 Bufier solution 81.9
- the above systems were packaged by introducing 142 grams of each into six-ounce containers which were then pressurized to about p.s.i. with nitrogen.
- An electrically conductive stable emulsion for use with body contact electrodes of electrocardiograph equipment consisting essentially of water as a dispersion me dium, from about 3.5 to 11% of methylene bis stearamide in combination With about 1.0 to 1.7% of stearylpoly oxyethylamine as a liquid dispersion phase, from about 1 to 10% of a highly ionizable salt for controlling the electrical conductivity of the emulsion, said salt being a member selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium sulfate, and a bulfer solution in sufiicient amount to provide'an overall composition-pH of about that of the acid mantle of the skin.
- An electrically conductive stable emulsion for use with body contact electrodes of electrocardiograph equipment consisting essentially of water as a dispersion medium, from about 3.5 to 11% of glyceryl monostearate in combination with about 1.0 to 1.7% of sodium lauryl sulfate as a liquid dispersion phase, from about 1 to 10% of a highly ionizable salt for controlling the electrical conductivity of the emulsion, said salt being a member selected from the group'consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and'sodium sulfate, and a buffer solution in sufiicient amount to provide an overall composition 3 pH of about that of the acid mantle of. the skin.
Description
United States Patent 3,027,333 ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE EMULSIONS Nathan H. Friedman, Stratford, Conn., assignor to Burton Parsons Chemicals, Inc., Washington, D.C., a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Filed Dec. 30, 1957, Ser. No. 705,820 7 Claims. (Cl. 252-521) The present invention relates to electrically conductive systems, and particularly to a new and improved system for use with electrodes in making cardiograms.
Diiferent parts of the surface of the body have different resistances to the passage of electric current. Some skin may be dry and thick, whereas other skin may be moist and thin. Still other skin may be oily, and the degree of hair on skin varies widely. All of these skin characteristics act to vary the passage of electric current from the body of a patient to electrocardiographic equipment thereby providing erratic tracings.
The principal object of this invention is to provide a system that will act to enhance the passage of electric current between the body of a patient and electrocardiographic equipment. 1
Another object of this invention is to provide such a system that will be readily applied and readily removed without any resulting condition requiring cleansing.
Another object of the invention is to provide such a system that will not only cleanse the skin, but will provide high conductivity between the skin and electrocardiographic electrodes.
Another object of the invention is to provide such a system in which, when applied to the body of a patient, contact dermatitis is lessened while increased conductivity is provided.
Another object of this invention is to provide such a system in which the growth of bacteria, molds or yeast is inhibited.
One aspect of this invention may be to provide an aqueous system that may include a base of emulsified material of an anionic, cationic, non-ionic or amphoteric type.
Another aspect of the invention may be to include with said base, any salt suitable to act as a conductor for the passage of electric current from an electrode to the body of a patient.
Still another aspect of the invention may be to employ a bufier solution with the system in order to provide the degree of acidity corresponding substantially to the acid mantle of the body skin.
Finally, inhibitors for preventing the growth of bacteria, molds or yeast may be included, although such inhibitors may be dispensed with if the system is packaged in a pressure dispensing container of the type commonly known as aerosol packages.
The above as well as other objects and novel features of the invention will become apparent from the following specification.
The base of the system forming this invention may comprise an aqueous system of an emuslified material which may be of an anionic, cationic, non-ionic or amphoteric type. Such non-ionic materials may be selected from the group including polyglycol fatty acids, Spans and Tweens and the like.
Span is the registered trademark of the Atlas Powder Company for a series of non-ionic surface active agents which are long chain fatty acid partial esters of hexitol anhydrides, including sorbitans, sorbides, mannitans, and mannides.
Tween is the registered trademark of the Atlas Powder Company for a series of non-ionic surface active agents which are polyoxy alkylene derivatives of hexitol anhydride partial long chain fatty acid esters.
3,027,333 Patented Mar. 27, 1962 "ice Percent Sodium chloride l-lO Potassium chloride l-l0 Sodium sulf e 1-10 or any highly ionizable salt in concentrations to achieve suitable conductivities.
Although the aqueous system of an emulsified material and a highly ionizable salt may be employed alone, should it be desired to produce a pH in the system that will correspond substantially to the acid mantle of the bodily skin, any one of many buifer solutions may be utilized, among which may be included a sodium citrate, a citric acid, or a phosphate buffer solution. The amount of bufier solution employed should be such as to produce a pH of between substantially 4.2 to 6.
Should the system be packaged in containers that are opened to the atmosphere during use, means may be required to prevent the growth of bacteria, molds or yeast. Such materials as esters of para-hydroxy benzoic acid or other suitable inhibitors may be employed. Should, however, the aqueous system be packaged in a pressure dispensing container of the type known as aerosol packages, the above inhibitors may not be required.
Examples of an aqueous system embodying the principles of this invention'are:
Non-ionic: Percentage Sodium nitrite 0.1 Non-ionic blend of ethylene oxide derivatives of lanolin-higher fatty alcohols 6.0 Cetyl alcohol 2.0 Sodium chloride 5.0 Glycerin 5.0 pH 5 Bufier solution 81.9
0f. T. C. MacIlvaine, Journal of Biol. Chem. 49, 183
(1921) C. J. Schollenberger, The Chemist-Analysist, 19, No.
Cationic:
Methylene bis-stearmide 10.0 Stearyl polyoxyethylamine 1.7 Glacial acetic acid 0.3 Sodium nitrit 0.1 Sodium chloride 5 .0 Glycerin 5.0 pH 5 Butler solution 77.9 Anionic:
Sodium lauryl sulfate 1.0 Glyceryl monostearate (free from soap) 11.0 Cetyl alcohol 1.0 Sodium nitrite 0.1 Sodium chloride 5.0 Glycerin 5.0 Water, distilled or de-ionized 76.9
Dispersion:
Magnesium aluminum silicate 3.5 Sodium chloride 5.0 pH 5 Buffer solution 91.5
Cf. '1. C. Macllvaine, Journal of Biol. Chem. 49, 183 (1921) C. J. Schollenberger, The Chemist-Analysist, 19, No. 3, 8 (1930).
The above systems were packaged by introducing 142 grams of each into six-ounce containers which were then pressurized to about p.s.i. with nitrogen.
Although the various features of the new and improved electrically conductive system have been described in detail to fully disclose several embodiments of the invention, it will be evident that numerous changes may be made in such details and certain features may be used without others without departing from the principles of the invention.
What is claimed is:
1. An electrically conductive stable emulsion for use with body contact electrodes of electrocardiograph equipment consisting essentially of water as a dispersion me dium, from about 3.5 to 11% of methylene bis stearamide in combination With about 1.0 to 1.7% of stearylpoly oxyethylamine as a liquid dispersion phase, from about 1 to 10% of a highly ionizable salt for controlling the electrical conductivity of the emulsion, said salt being a member selected from the group consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and sodium sulfate, and a bulfer solution in sufiicient amount to provide'an overall composition-pH of about that of the acid mantle of the skin.
2. The electrically conductive composition of claim 1 wherein the highly ionizable salt is sodium chloride.
3. The electrically conductive composition of claim 1 in which the overall pH is 4.2 to 6.
4. An electrically conductive stable emulsion for use with body contact electrodes of electrocardiograph equipment consisting essentially of water as a dispersion medium, from about 3.5 to 11% of glyceryl monostearate in combination with about 1.0 to 1.7% of sodium lauryl sulfate as a liquid dispersion phase, from about 1 to 10% of a highly ionizable salt for controlling the electrical conductivity of the emulsion, said salt being a member selected from the group'consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride and'sodium sulfate, and a buffer solution in sufiicient amount to provide an overall composition 3 pH of about that of the acid mantle of. the skin.
5. The electrically conductive composition of claim 4 wherein the highly ionizable salt is sodium chloride.
6. The electrically conductive composition of claim 4 in which the overall pH is 4.2 to 6.
7. In a method of making electrocardiograms utilizing skin contact electrodes, the improvement comprising ap plying between the electrodes and the skin an electrically conductive stable emulsion consisting essentially of water as a disperion medium, from about 3.5 to 11% of an emulsifiable water immiscible material in combination with about 1.0 to 1.7% of an emulsifying agent as the liquid dispersion phase, from about 1 to 10% of a highly ionizable salt for controlling the electrical conductivity of the emulsion, said salt being a member selected from the group-consisting of sodium chloride, potassium chloride, and sodium sulfate, and a buffer solution in sufficient amount to provide an overall composition pH of about that of the acid'mantle of the body skin.
References Cited in the file of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,534,204 Mowry Dec. 12, 1950 2,555,037 Jensen May 29, 1951 OTHER REFERENCES Bennett: The Chemical Formulary, vol. IX, page 117,
vol. X, page 61, pub. by Chemical Pub. Co., Brooklyn, NY
Claims (1)
1. AN ELECTRICALLY CONDUCTIVE STABLE EMULSION FOR USE WITH BODY CONTACT ELECTRODES OF ELECTROCARDIOGRAPH EQUIPMENT CONSISTING ESSENTIALLY OF WATER AS A DISPERSION MEDIUM, FROM ABOUT 3.5 TO 11% OF METHYLENE BIS STEARAMIDE IN COMBINATION WITH ABOUT 1.0 TO 1.7% OF STEARYLPOLY OXYETHYLAMINE AS A LIQUID DISPERSION PHASE, FROM ABOUT 1 TO 10% OF A HIGHLY IONIZABLE SALT FOR CONTROLLING THE ELECTRICAL CONDUCTIVITY OF THE EMULSION, SAID SALT BEING A MEMBER SELECTED FROM THE GROUP CONSISTING OF SODIUM CHLORIDE, POTASSIUM CHLORIDE AND SODIUM SULFATE, AND A BUFFER SOLUTION IN SUFFICIENT AMOUNT TO PROVIDE AN OVERALL COMPOSITION PH TO ABOUT THAT OF THE ACID MANTLE OF THE SKIN.
Priority Applications (3)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US705820A US3027333A (en) | 1957-12-30 | 1957-12-30 | Electrically conductive emulsions |
| FR782674A FR1227265A (en) | 1957-12-30 | 1958-12-26 | Electrical conductive assemblies, in aqueous system, in particular for taking cardiograms |
| GB42084/58A GB911185A (en) | 1957-12-30 | 1958-12-30 | Electrically conductive compositions |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US705820A US3027333A (en) | 1957-12-30 | 1957-12-30 | Electrically conductive emulsions |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3027333A true US3027333A (en) | 1962-03-27 |
Family
ID=24835087
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US705820A Expired - Lifetime US3027333A (en) | 1957-12-30 | 1957-12-30 | Electrically conductive emulsions |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3027333A (en) |
| FR (1) | FR1227265A (en) |
| GB (1) | GB911185A (en) |
Cited By (21)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3265638A (en) * | 1964-03-24 | 1966-08-09 | Franklin Institute | Electrolyte composition |
| DE2302618A1 (en) * | 1972-01-21 | 1973-07-26 | Ndm Corp | ELECTRODE FOR TAKING UP BIOELECTRIC POTENTIAL |
| US3862633A (en) * | 1974-05-06 | 1975-01-28 | Kenneth C Allison | Electrode |
| US3998215A (en) * | 1968-12-18 | 1976-12-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Bio-medical electrode conductive gel pads |
| US4016869A (en) * | 1974-11-18 | 1977-04-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Signal collector system |
| US4066078A (en) * | 1976-02-05 | 1978-01-03 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable electrode |
| US4125110A (en) * | 1975-11-25 | 1978-11-14 | Hymes Alan C | Monitoring and stimulation electrode |
| US4215696A (en) * | 1978-03-20 | 1980-08-05 | Graphic Controls Corporation | Biomedical electrode with pressurized skin contact |
| US4274420A (en) * | 1975-11-25 | 1981-06-23 | Lectec Corporation | Monitoring and stimulation electrode |
| US4318746A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-03-09 | Ipco Corporation | Highly stable gel, its use and manufacture |
| US4362165A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-12-07 | Ipco Corporation | Stable gel electrode |
| US4377170A (en) * | 1980-12-01 | 1983-03-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Non-polarizable bioelectrode |
| USRE31454E (en) * | 1975-11-25 | 1983-12-06 | Lectec Corporation | Monitoring and stimulation electrode |
| US4465074A (en) * | 1982-04-20 | 1984-08-14 | Gilbert Buchalter | Method of applying an electrode to the skin of a patient |
| US4498474A (en) * | 1979-05-29 | 1985-02-12 | Edward Chalmers | Epilation method |
| US4838273A (en) * | 1979-04-30 | 1989-06-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Medical electrode |
| US5088978A (en) * | 1990-01-26 | 1992-02-18 | Gensia Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Apparatus and method for iontophoretic transfer |
| WO1996011631A1 (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1996-04-25 | Biofield Corp. | Dc biopotential sensing electrode and electroconductive medium for use therein |
| US5660177A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1997-08-26 | Biofield Corp. | D.C. biopotential sensing electrode assemblies for apparatus for disease, injury and bodily condition screening or sensing |
| US5823957A (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1998-10-20 | Biofield Corp | D.C. biopotential sensing electrode and electroconductive medium for use therein |
| US20040023849A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-02-05 | Robinson Dale L. | Skin conduction and transport systems |
Families Citing this family (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3848600A (en) * | 1972-02-03 | 1974-11-19 | Ndm Corp | Indifferent electrode in electrosurgical procedures and method of use |
| US4317450A (en) * | 1979-05-29 | 1982-03-02 | Edward Chalmers | Method of epilation |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2534204A (en) * | 1947-12-30 | 1950-12-12 | Monsanto Chemicals | Method of preparing amides |
| US2555037A (en) * | 1949-06-21 | 1951-05-29 | Jensen Lee | Flexible electrode |
-
1957
- 1957-12-30 US US705820A patent/US3027333A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1958
- 1958-12-26 FR FR782674A patent/FR1227265A/en not_active Expired
- 1958-12-30 GB GB42084/58A patent/GB911185A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2534204A (en) * | 1947-12-30 | 1950-12-12 | Monsanto Chemicals | Method of preparing amides |
| US2555037A (en) * | 1949-06-21 | 1951-05-29 | Jensen Lee | Flexible electrode |
Cited By (23)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3265638A (en) * | 1964-03-24 | 1966-08-09 | Franklin Institute | Electrolyte composition |
| US3998215A (en) * | 1968-12-18 | 1976-12-21 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Bio-medical electrode conductive gel pads |
| DE2302618A1 (en) * | 1972-01-21 | 1973-07-26 | Ndm Corp | ELECTRODE FOR TAKING UP BIOELECTRIC POTENTIAL |
| US3946730A (en) * | 1972-01-21 | 1976-03-30 | Ndm Corporation | Biomedical electrode assembly |
| US3862633A (en) * | 1974-05-06 | 1975-01-28 | Kenneth C Allison | Electrode |
| US4016869A (en) * | 1974-11-18 | 1977-04-12 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Signal collector system |
| USRE31454E (en) * | 1975-11-25 | 1983-12-06 | Lectec Corporation | Monitoring and stimulation electrode |
| US4125110A (en) * | 1975-11-25 | 1978-11-14 | Hymes Alan C | Monitoring and stimulation electrode |
| US4274420A (en) * | 1975-11-25 | 1981-06-23 | Lectec Corporation | Monitoring and stimulation electrode |
| US4066078A (en) * | 1976-02-05 | 1978-01-03 | Johnson & Johnson | Disposable electrode |
| US4215696A (en) * | 1978-03-20 | 1980-08-05 | Graphic Controls Corporation | Biomedical electrode with pressurized skin contact |
| US4838273A (en) * | 1979-04-30 | 1989-06-13 | Baxter International Inc. | Medical electrode |
| US4498474A (en) * | 1979-05-29 | 1985-02-12 | Edward Chalmers | Epilation method |
| US4362165A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-12-07 | Ipco Corporation | Stable gel electrode |
| US4318746A (en) * | 1980-01-08 | 1982-03-09 | Ipco Corporation | Highly stable gel, its use and manufacture |
| US4377170A (en) * | 1980-12-01 | 1983-03-22 | Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company | Non-polarizable bioelectrode |
| US4465074A (en) * | 1982-04-20 | 1984-08-14 | Gilbert Buchalter | Method of applying an electrode to the skin of a patient |
| US5088978A (en) * | 1990-01-26 | 1992-02-18 | Gensia Pharmaceuticals, Inc. | Apparatus and method for iontophoretic transfer |
| US5660177A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1997-08-26 | Biofield Corp. | D.C. biopotential sensing electrode assemblies for apparatus for disease, injury and bodily condition screening or sensing |
| WO1996011631A1 (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1996-04-25 | Biofield Corp. | Dc biopotential sensing electrode and electroconductive medium for use therein |
| US5823957A (en) * | 1994-10-17 | 1998-10-20 | Biofield Corp | D.C. biopotential sensing electrode and electroconductive medium for use therein |
| US20040023849A1 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2004-02-05 | Robinson Dale L. | Skin conduction and transport systems |
| US7099713B2 (en) * | 2002-06-28 | 2006-08-29 | Battelle Memorial Institute | Skin conduction and transport systems |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| FR1227265A (en) | 1960-08-19 |
| GB911185A (en) | 1962-11-21 |
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