US3085185A - Ultrasonic cleaning apparatus - Google Patents

Ultrasonic cleaning apparatus Download PDF

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US3085185A
US3085185A US812656A US81265659A US3085185A US 3085185 A US3085185 A US 3085185A US 812656 A US812656 A US 812656A US 81265659 A US81265659 A US 81265659A US 3085185 A US3085185 A US 3085185A
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transducer
voltage
direct
generator
well
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US812656A
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Jacke Stanley Emil
John W Collison
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Detrex Corp
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Detrex Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B1/00—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
    • B06B1/02—Methods or apparatus for generating mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency making use of electrical energy
    • B06B1/0207—Driving circuits
    • B06B1/0223—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time
    • B06B1/0238—Driving circuits for generating signals continuous in time of a single frequency, e.g. a sine-wave
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • B06B2201/50—Application to a particular transducer type
    • B06B2201/55—Piezoelectric transducer
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
    • B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
    • B06B2201/00—Indexing scheme associated with B06B1/0207 for details covered by B06B1/0207 but not provided for in any of its subgroups
    • B06B2201/70—Specific application
    • B06B2201/71—Cleaning in a tank

Definitions

  • This invention relates to improvements in ultrasonic cleaning apparatus, and more particularly concerns degreasing apparatus utilizing a ferroelectric transducer submerged in a -bath ort liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent such as trichlorethylene.
  • rl ⁇ he drawing is a diagrammatic View of ultrasonic cleaning apparatus constructed in accordance with this invention.
  • ultrasonic cleaning apparatus including a well 1 containing a Iliquid chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent 2 such as trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, or methylene chloride. Positioned in the liquid of .the well is an ultrasonic transducer 3 which may be made of barium titanate or other ferroelectric transducer material. Transducer 3 may .be constructed in accordance with the disclosure in U.S. Patent No. 2,802,476 which issued to T. I. Kearney on August 13, 1957.
  • Silvered electrodes 4 and 5 of transducer o are conrates Patent ICC nected in an electrical circuit with a biasing supply lcircuit 6 and a generator control circuit 7 which is actuated by the biasing supply circuit 6 to control a radio frequency generator 8.
  • Biasing supply circuit 6 impresses a DC. voltage bias across ultrasonic transducer 3 to enable transducer 3 to operate at elevated temperatures above the normal Curie point of the material from which transducer 3 is made without causing depolarization and deterioration of the expensive transducer.
  • Generator 8 impresses an A.C. voltage on ltransducer 3 to generate ultrasonic waves which are useful in cleaning and degreasing operations.
  • Generator control circuit 7 operates to shut off generator 8 when the .biasing supply circuit 6 fails. If the radio frequency generator 8 were to continue its operation without the D.C. bias supplied by the biasing circuit 6, transducer 3 would depolarize, deteriorate, and be destroyed.
  • Biasing supply circuit 6 includes a transformer 11 having a primary winding i12 connected to a source of power 13, and a secondary winding 14. Secondary winding 14 supplies approximately 3000 volts, 60 cycle, A.C. to a selenium rectifier 15 which supplies pulsating D.C. to the filter network of resistor 16 and capacitors 17-20 which smooth the pulsating D.C. Resistors 2.3-26 form part of a divider network to divide the voltage evenly across the four filter capacitors 17-20 and thereby permit the use of less expensive elements.
  • the effective ilter capacity is one quarter of the value of capacitor 17 which is large enough to provide relatively good filtering but is not so large that the time required to charge the bank of capacitors 17-20 through the resistor 16 becomes too great when the power is turned on.
  • a resistor 27 is used to provide the system with poor voltage regulation in order to cause the output voltage to drop to a very low value if a person should accidentally come in contact with the connections to transducer 3. With transducer 3 connected in the circuit and no short circuits in the system, the voltage drop across resistor 27 is negligible.
  • Resistor 27 acts as a series A.C. lter and prevents excessive alternating current from flowing through a bank of capacitors 31-33 instead of through the bank of capacitors 17-20.
  • the resistors 34-36 dilvide the D.C. voltage evenly across each of the capacitors 31-33.
  • the capacitors 17-20 are much larger than four microfarads, the bank of capacitors 31-33 charge up at a slower rate so that the under voltage relay 38 is not energized.
  • the value of the resistors 34-36 are set so that when the voltage from a point A to ground is above nine hundred volts, enough direct current flows through coil ⁇ 4i of under voltage relay 38 to keep the relay 38 energized (contacts closed). Ilf the voltage drops below nine hundred volts D.C., under voltage relay 38 opens and contacts 37 are opened.
  • Resistors 34-36 and resistor 4Z form a voltage divider to supply a small positive potential to the grid 43 of a thyra-tron tube 44 which is preferably a 2D2l. As long as the proper bias potential exists ybetween point A and ground, thyratron 44 conducts and keeps the relay 38 energized.
  • the contacts 37 of under voltage relay 38 are in the holding circuit of the generator control circuit 7, and resistor 42 is provided with a capacitor 4t) (preferably .O01 microfarad) in parallel therewith.
  • Resistors ⁇ 45-47, diodes 48, 49, secondary winding 52 and capacitor 53 (preferably .ten microfarads) provide a positive potential for the cathode 54 of thyratron 44 so that the thyratron 44 cuts off from conduction when the S; transducer biasing potential from point A to ground falls below a predetermined value.
  • Blocking network S includes a resistor .56 and capacitors 57-59. Capacitors 5S, 59 block the DC. bias voltage from flowing toward generator 8, and resistor 56 and capacitor 57 block the radio frequency energy from owing toward the biasing supply circuit 6.
  • Capacitor 57 is a radio frequency bypass and is not critical in value. Resistor 56 and capacitor 57 form RF lter (L section) to keep the radio frequency energy generated by generator 8 from owing back into the divider networks. Capacitors 58, 59 are coupling capacitors to keep the D.C. bias from owing toward generator 8 and for allowing the radio frequency to low toward transducer 3. These capacitors should be .0r-1 microfarad each or larger to keep the capacitive reactance at this point relatively small.
  • a heater circuit which includes secondary winding 61 and heater element 62.
  • Contacts 37 of under voltage relay 3S are in the circuit which includes stop button 63 with its contacts 64, start button 65 with its contacts 66, control relay 67 with its coil 68 and contacts 69, and a source of power 72.
  • the D.C. bias across transducer 3 is above nine hundred volts, thyratron tube 44 is conducting, under voltage relay 38 is energized so that its contacts 37 are closed, coil 63 of control relay 67 is energized so that its contacts 69 are closed so that power is supplied to generator 3 which puts A.C. energy across transducer 3 to generate ultrasonic waves.
  • thyratron tube 44 stops conducting which de-energizes the coil 41 of under voltage relay 3S -to open contacts 37. This de-energizes coil 68 of control relay 67 to open contacts 69 to cut ott ⁇ the .power to generator 8 and thereby shut down the generator.
  • resistor 1-6 is 200K
  • resistors 23-26 are each 72K
  • resistor 27 is 1K
  • resistors 3ft-36 are each 120K
  • resistor 56 is 10K
  • capacitors 17-26 are each 4 microfarads, 450 volt electrolytic
  • capacitors .S1-33 are each 8 microfarads, 450 volt electrolytic
  • capacitor 57 is a .0047 microfarad, 3 kv., disc ceramic.
  • ultrasonic cleaning apparatus having a well, a liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent contained within said well, a piezoelectric transducer submerged in the solvent of the well, and means for applying a highfrequency voltage across said transducer to vibrate said transducer and to generate ultrasonic waves in said solvent; means for operating said transducer at high temperatures exceeding the otherwise safe temperature limits of said transducer material, said lastnamed means comprising means for applying a high direct-current biasing voltage across said transducer; and control means coupled both to said direct-current biasing voltage means and also to said high-frequency voltage means ttor preventing the application of said high-frequency voltage across said transducer unless said direct-current biasing voltage exceeds a selected minimum value and for removing said high-frequency voltage from said transducerwhen said direct-current biasing voltage falls Ibelow a selected minimum value.
  • Apparatus adapted for operating piezoelectric transducers at high temperatures exceeding the Curie point of the piezoelectric material comprising: a well adapted to contain a high-temperature liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent; a piezoelectric transducer in said well; a radio-frequency generator; means coupling the output terminals of said radio-frequency generator across said transducer; a direct-current generator for developing a high biasing voltage; means for applying said high biasing voltage across said transducer; a relay having a Winding and contacts; means, including the contacts of said relay, for coupling a source orf alternating current power to the input terminals of said radiofrequency generator for operating said generator; an electronic switch in series with the winding of said relay for controlling the ilow of current through said winding; means coupling said electronic switch to output terminals of said direct-current generator for controlling the state of said switch according to the magnitude of the directcurrent biasing voltage, said electronic switch being adapted to open the series circuit through said relay winding when the direct-current voltage
  • Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 characterized in that said electronic switch comprises a thyratron tube and means for applying a portion of said direct-current biasing voltage across the input electrodes of said thyratron for biasing said tube into conduction when said direct-current biasing voltage is above said selected minimum value.

Description

April 9, 1963 s. E. JACKE ET AL ULTRAsoNIc CLEANING APPARATUS Filed May 12, 1959 munirsi! I NV EN TOR S 51m/@Mii ,h6/12 a /f/iW/mf//fmz BY @m i A; 62 a A TTORN E YS 3,085,185 ULTRASONIC CLEANING APARATUS Stanley Emil Jacke, Stoney Brook, N.Y., and John W.
Collison, Pontiac, Mich., assignors to Detrex Chemical industries, Inc., Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Mich- Igan Filed May 12, 1959, Ser. No. 812,656 3 Claims. (Cl. S18-116) This invention relates to improvements in ultrasonic cleaning apparatus, and more particularly concerns degreasing apparatus utilizing a ferroelectric transducer submerged in a -bath ort liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent such as trichlorethylene.
ln certain cleaning and degreasing applications, it is desirable to utilize high temperatures in the ultrasonic bath of liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent. However, high temperatures adversely affect the piezoelectric transducer (which may be made of barium titanate) so that the transducer depolarizes when the temperature exceeds the Chirie point of the material from which the transducer is made. Under such conditions, the expensive transducer is destroyed.
Accordingly, it has been a problem to discover means whereby an ultrasonic bath could be operated at high temperatures and yet not destroy the transducer by depolarization. It has been a problem to operate at high temperatures without destroying the transducer, and also to provide fail-safe means whereby if the system fails, the transducer is protected. 1t has also been a problem to provide means whereby high voltage and current may be used across the transducer, and at the same time to provide means whereby a person who may -accidentally come in contact with such high voltages and currents is prevented from being electrocuted.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide ultrasonic cleaning apparatus which solves the foregoing problems.
It is another object of this invention to provide ultrasonic cleaning apparatus which operates safely and ethciently at elevated temperatures above the normal Curie point of the material of which lthe transducer is made without causing depolarization of the transducer.
It is another object of this invention 'to provide ultrasonic cleaning apparatus wherein high voltages and currents are used, and to provide means for preventing the electrocution of a person who may accidentally come in contact with said voltages and currents.
4Other objects and advantages of this invention, including its'simplicity and economy, as Well as the ease with which it may be adapted to existing equipment, will further become apparent hereinafter and in the drawing.
rl`he drawing is a diagrammatic View of ultrasonic cleaning apparatus constructed in accordance with this invention.
Although specific terms are used in the following description for clarity, these terms are intended to refer only to the structure shown in the drawings and are not intended to define or limit the scope of the invention.
Turning now .to the specific embodiment of the invention selected for illustration in the drawing, there is shown ultrasonic cleaning apparatus including a well 1 containing a Iliquid chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent 2 such as trichlorethylene, perchlorethylene, or methylene chloride. Positioned in the liquid of .the well is an ultrasonic transducer 3 which may be made of barium titanate or other ferroelectric transducer material. Transducer 3 may .be constructed in accordance with the disclosure in U.S. Patent No. 2,802,476 which issued to T. I. Kearney on August 13, 1957.
Silvered electrodes 4 and 5 of transducer o are conrates Patent ICC nected in an electrical circuit with a biasing supply lcircuit 6 and a generator control circuit 7 which is actuated by the biasing supply circuit 6 to control a radio frequency generator 8. Biasing supply circuit 6 impresses a DC. voltage bias across ultrasonic transducer 3 to enable transducer 3 to operate at elevated temperatures above the normal Curie point of the material from which transducer 3 is made without causing depolarization and deterioration of the expensive transducer. Generator 8 impresses an A.C. voltage on ltransducer 3 to generate ultrasonic waves which are useful in cleaning and degreasing operations. Generator control circuit 7 operates to shut off generator 8 when the .biasing supply circuit 6 fails. If the radio frequency generator 8 were to continue its operation without the D.C. bias supplied by the biasing circuit 6, transducer 3 would depolarize, deteriorate, and be destroyed.
Biasing supply circuit 6 includes a transformer 11 having a primary winding i12 connected to a source of power 13, and a secondary winding 14. Secondary winding 14 supplies approximately 3000 volts, 60 cycle, A.C. to a selenium rectifier 15 which supplies pulsating D.C. to the filter network of resistor 16 and capacitors 17-20 which smooth the pulsating D.C. Resistors 2.3-26 form part of a divider network to divide the voltage evenly across the four filter capacitors 17-20 and thereby permit the use of less expensive elements. The effective ilter capacity is one quarter of the value of capacitor 17 which is large enough to provide relatively good filtering but is not so large that the time required to charge the bank of capacitors 17-20 through the resistor 16 becomes too great when the power is turned on.
A resistor 27 is used to provide the system with poor voltage regulation in order to cause the output voltage to drop to a very low value if a person should accidentally come in contact with the connections to transducer 3. With transducer 3 connected in the circuit and no short circuits in the system, the voltage drop across resistor 27 is negligible. Resistor 27 acts as a series A.C. lter and prevents excessive alternating current from flowing through a bank of capacitors 31-33 instead of through the bank of capacitors 17-20. The resistors 34-36 dilvide the D.C. voltage evenly across each of the capacitors 31-33.
When power is rst turned on, the bank of capacitors 31-33 permit high enough direct current to flow at the outset to close contacts 37 of an under voltage relay 38.
lf the capacitors 17-20 are much larger than four microfarads, the bank of capacitors 31-33 charge up at a slower rate so that the under voltage relay 38 is not energized. The value of the resistors 34-36 are set so that when the voltage from a point A to ground is above nine hundred volts, enough direct current flows through coil `4i of under voltage relay 38 to keep the relay 38 energized (contacts closed). Ilf the voltage drops below nine hundred volts D.C., under voltage relay 38 opens and contacts 37 are opened.
Resistors 34-36 and resistor 4Z form a voltage divider to supply a small positive potential to the grid 43 of a thyra-tron tube 44 which is preferably a 2D2l. As long as the proper bias potential exists ybetween point A and ground, thyratron 44 conducts and keeps the relay 38 energized. The contacts 37 of under voltage relay 38 are in the holding circuit of the generator control circuit 7, and resistor 42 is provided with a capacitor 4t) (preferably .O01 microfarad) in parallel therewith.
Resistors `45-47, diodes 48, 49, secondary winding 52 and capacitor 53 (preferably .ten microfarads) provide a positive potential for the cathode 54 of thyratron 44 so that the thyratron 44 cuts off from conduction when the S; transducer biasing potential from point A to ground falls below a predetermined value.
Located near the output of generator 8 is a blocking network 55 which passes the radio tfrequency energy from generator 3 toward the transducer 3 but blocks it toward biasing supply circuit 6, and which passes the D.C. voltage from the biasing supply circuit 6 toward the transducer 3 but blocks it from the generator S. Blocking network S includes a resistor .56 and capacitors 57-59. Capacitors 5S, 59 block the DC. bias voltage from flowing toward generator 8, and resistor 56 and capacitor 57 block the radio frequency energy from owing toward the biasing supply circuit 6.
Capacitor 57 is a radio frequency bypass and is not critical in value. Resistor 56 and capacitor 57 form RF lter (L section) to keep the radio frequency energy generated by generator 8 from owing back into the divider networks. Capacitors 58, 59 are coupling capacitors to keep the D.C. bias from owing toward generator 8 and for allowing the radio frequency to low toward transducer 3. These capacitors should be .0r-1 microfarad each or larger to keep the capacitive reactance at this point relatively small.
Also provided is a heater circuit which includes secondary winding 61 and heater element 62.
Contacts 37 of under voltage relay 3S are in the circuit which includes stop button 63 with its contacts 64, start button 65 with its contacts 66, control relay 67 with its coil 68 and contacts 69, and a source of power 72.
in operation, the D.C. bias across transducer 3 is above nine hundred volts, thyratron tube 44 is conducting, under voltage relay 38 is energized so that its contacts 37 are closed, coil 63 of control relay 67 is energized so that its contacts 69 are closed so that power is supplied to generator 3 which puts A.C. energy across transducer 3 to generate ultrasonic waves.
It the biasing Voltage should fall below nine hundred volts (or other predetermined value), thyratron tube 44 stops conducting which de-energizes the coil 41 of under voltage relay 3S -to open contacts 37. This de-energizes coil 68 of control relay 67 to open contacts 69 to cut ott` the .power to generator 8 and thereby shut down the generator.
The system is operated very satisfactorily where resistor 1-6 is 200K, resistors 23-26 are each 72K, resistor 27 is 1K, resistors 3ft-36 are each 120K, resistor 56 is 10K, capacitors 17-26 are each 4 microfarads, 450 volt electrolytic, capacitors .S1-33 are each 8 microfarads, 450 volt electrolytic, and capacitor 57 is a .0047 microfarad, 3 kv., disc ceramic.
-It is to be understood that the form of the invention herewith shown and described is to be taken as a preferred embodiment. Various changes may be made in the shape, size, and arrangement of parts. For example, equivalent elements may be substituted for those illustrated and described herein, parts may be reversed, and certain features of the invention may be utilized independently of the use of other features, all without departing from the spirit or scope of the invention as dened in the subjoined claims.
Having thus described our invention, we claim:
1. In ultrasonic cleaning apparatus having a well, a liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent contained within said well, a piezoelectric transducer submerged in the solvent of the well, and means for applying a highfrequency voltage across said transducer to vibrate said transducer and to generate ultrasonic waves in said solvent; means for operating said transducer at high temperatures exceeding the otherwise safe temperature limits of said transducer material, said lastnamed means comprising means for applying a high direct-current biasing voltage across said transducer; and control means coupled both to said direct-current biasing voltage means and also to said high-frequency voltage means ttor preventing the application of said high-frequency voltage across said transducer unless said direct-current biasing voltage exceeds a selected minimum value and for removing said high-frequency voltage from said transducerwhen said direct-current biasing voltage falls Ibelow a selected minimum value.
2. Apparatus adapted for operating piezoelectric transducers at high temperatures exceeding the Curie point of the piezoelectric material, said apparatus comprising: a well adapted to contain a high-temperature liquid chlorinated hydrocarbon solvent; a piezoelectric transducer in said well; a radio-frequency generator; means coupling the output terminals of said radio-frequency generator across said transducer; a direct-current generator for developing a high biasing voltage; means for applying said high biasing voltage across said transducer; a relay having a Winding and contacts; means, including the contacts of said relay, for coupling a source orf alternating current power to the input terminals of said radiofrequency generator for operating said generator; an electronic switch in series with the winding of said relay for controlling the ilow of current through said winding; means coupling said electronic switch to output terminals of said direct-current generator for controlling the state of said switch according to the magnitude of the directcurrent biasing voltage, said electronic switch being adapted to open the series circuit through said relay winding when the direct-current voltage applied to said switch is less than a selected minimum.
3. Apparatus as claimed in claim 2 characterized in that said electronic switch comprises a thyratron tube and means for applying a portion of said direct-current biasing voltage across the input electrodes of said thyratron for biasing said tube into conduction when said direct-current biasing voltage is above said selected minimum value.
References Cited in the le of this patent UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,115,582 Jones Apr. 26, 1938 2,683,866 Samsel Iuly 13, 1954 2,714,186 Henrich July 26, 1955 2,752,512 Sarratt June 26, 1956 2,799,787 Guttner et al. July 16, 1957 2,814,575 Lange Nov. 26, 1957 2,891,1176 Branson June 16, 1959 y2,894,176 Hegarty et al July '7, 1959 2,916,266 Pray Dec. 8, 1959 FOREIGN PATENTS 575,575 Great Britain Feb. 23, 1946

Claims (1)

1. IN ULTRASONIC CLEANING APPARATUS HAVING A WELL, A LIQUID CHLORINATED HYDROCARBON SOLVENT CONTAINED WITHIN SAID WELL, A PIEZOELECTRIC TRANSDUCER SUBMERGED IN THE SOLVENT OF THE WELL, AND MEANS FOR APPLYING A HIGHFREQUENCY VOLTAGE ACROSS SAID TRANSDUCER TO VIBRATE SAID TRANSDUCER AND TO GENERATE ULTRASONIC WAVES IN SAID SOLVENT; MEANS FOR OPERATING SAID TRANSDUCER AT HIGH TEMPERATURES EXCEEDING THE OTHERWISE SAFE TEMPERATURE LIMITS OF SAID TRANSDUCER MATERIAL, SAID LASTNAMED MEANS COMPRISING MEANS FOR APPLYING A HIGH DIRECT-CURRENT BIASING VOLTAGE ACROSS SAID TRANSDUCER; AND CONTROL MEANS COUPLED BOTH TO SAID DIRECT-CURRENT BIASING VOLTAGE MEANS AND ALSO TO SAID HIGH-FREQUENCY VOLTAGE ACROSS SAID TRANSDUCER UNLESS SAID DIRECT-CURRENT BIASING VOLTAGE EXCEEDS A SELECTED MINIMUM VALUE AND FOR REMOVING SAID HIGH-FREQUENCY VOLTAGE FROM SAID TRANSDUCER WHEN SAID DIRECT-CURRENT BIASING VOLTAGE FALLS BELOW A SELECTED MINIMUM VALUE.
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Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3403245A (en) * 1966-08-15 1968-09-24 Vernitron Corp Ultrasonic cleaner controls
US3575383A (en) * 1969-01-13 1971-04-20 John A Coleman Ultrasonic cleaning system, apparatus and method therefor
US4184092A (en) * 1977-03-08 1980-01-15 Medtronic Gmbh Drive circuits for ultrasonic tooth treatment transducers
US20040134514A1 (en) * 2003-01-10 2004-07-15 Yi Wu Megasonic cleaning system with buffered cavitation method
US20060286808A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Ismail Kashkoush System and method of processing substrates using sonic energy having cavitation control
US20080088203A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-04-17 Su Jong-Jeng Ultrasonic driving device with current limiting protection
US20110177474A1 (en) * 2008-03-18 2011-07-21 Hu-Friedy Mfg. Co., Inc Handpiece for a Magnetostrictive Power Generator

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US2115582A (en) * 1936-03-19 1938-04-26 Gen Electric Time delay undervoltage protective system
GB575575A (en) * 1943-01-06 1946-02-23 Jeffrey Mfg Co Improvements in electric motor circuits
US2683866A (en) * 1945-10-01 1954-07-13 Gen Electric Piezoelectric crystal protective device
US2714186A (en) * 1952-09-12 1955-07-26 Sorensen & Company Inc Variable frequency magnetostrictive transducer
US2752512A (en) * 1952-05-10 1956-06-26 Clevite Corp Sonic energy source
US2799787A (en) * 1952-07-11 1957-07-16 Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Ultrasonic transmitter apparatus
US2814575A (en) * 1954-08-13 1957-11-26 Hodes Lange Corp Method and apparatus for cleaning ampoules with the aid of ultrasonic vibration
US2891176A (en) * 1955-07-13 1959-06-16 Branson Instr Compressional wave generating apparatus
US2894176A (en) * 1954-11-04 1959-07-07 Hoffman Electronics Corp Load protection circuits or the like
US2916266A (en) * 1956-05-01 1959-12-08 Electronic Assistance Corp Apparatus for foaming beer

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2115582A (en) * 1936-03-19 1938-04-26 Gen Electric Time delay undervoltage protective system
GB575575A (en) * 1943-01-06 1946-02-23 Jeffrey Mfg Co Improvements in electric motor circuits
US2683866A (en) * 1945-10-01 1954-07-13 Gen Electric Piezoelectric crystal protective device
US2752512A (en) * 1952-05-10 1956-06-26 Clevite Corp Sonic energy source
US2799787A (en) * 1952-07-11 1957-07-16 Siemens Reiniger Werke Ag Ultrasonic transmitter apparatus
US2714186A (en) * 1952-09-12 1955-07-26 Sorensen & Company Inc Variable frequency magnetostrictive transducer
US2814575A (en) * 1954-08-13 1957-11-26 Hodes Lange Corp Method and apparatus for cleaning ampoules with the aid of ultrasonic vibration
US2894176A (en) * 1954-11-04 1959-07-07 Hoffman Electronics Corp Load protection circuits or the like
US2891176A (en) * 1955-07-13 1959-06-16 Branson Instr Compressional wave generating apparatus
US2916266A (en) * 1956-05-01 1959-12-08 Electronic Assistance Corp Apparatus for foaming beer

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3403245A (en) * 1966-08-15 1968-09-24 Vernitron Corp Ultrasonic cleaner controls
US3575383A (en) * 1969-01-13 1971-04-20 John A Coleman Ultrasonic cleaning system, apparatus and method therefor
US4184092A (en) * 1977-03-08 1980-01-15 Medtronic Gmbh Drive circuits for ultrasonic tooth treatment transducers
US20040134514A1 (en) * 2003-01-10 2004-07-15 Yi Wu Megasonic cleaning system with buffered cavitation method
US7104268B2 (en) * 2003-01-10 2006-09-12 Akrion Technologies, Inc. Megasonic cleaning system with buffered cavitation method
US20060260641A1 (en) * 2003-01-10 2006-11-23 Yi Wu Megasonic cleaning system with buffered cavitation method
US20060286808A1 (en) * 2005-06-15 2006-12-21 Ismail Kashkoush System and method of processing substrates using sonic energy having cavitation control
US20080088203A1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-04-17 Su Jong-Jeng Ultrasonic driving device with current limiting protection
US7368851B1 (en) * 2006-10-13 2008-05-06 Zmi Electronics Ltd. Ultrasonic driving device with current limiting protection
US20110177474A1 (en) * 2008-03-18 2011-07-21 Hu-Friedy Mfg. Co., Inc Handpiece for a Magnetostrictive Power Generator
US8678820B2 (en) * 2008-03-18 2014-03-25 Hu-Friedy Mfg. Co., LLC. Handpiece for a magnetostrictive power generator

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