US3198581A - Method and apparatus for handling articles - Google Patents

Description

Aug. 3, 1965 G. GAMBERINI METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HANDLING ARTICLES 2 Sheets-Sheen'l l Original Filed July 31r 1959 FIG.|

GOFFREDO GAMBERINI ATTORNEY Wl, WM

Aug. 3, 1965 G. GAMBERINI 3,198,581

METHOD AND APPARATUS FOR HANDLING ARTICLES Original Filed July 3l, 1959 2 Sheets-SheeiI 2 INVENTOR GOFFREDO GAMBERINI BWM 45.

ATTORNEY United States Patent O 3,l9,58l METHD AND APARATUS FOR HNDENG ARHQLES Gotredo Gamberini, Bologna, italy, assignor to American Machine t Foundry Company, a corporation of New dersey @riginal application duly 3l, 1959, Ser. No. 836,924, now Patent No. 3,389,732, dated May 14, 1963. Divided and this application Fel). 23, 1962, Ser. No. 196,616

Claims priority, application italy, Sept. 9, 1958, 13,473/58 7 Claims. (Cl. 302-2) This application is a division of my copending application Serial No. 830,924, tiled Iuly 3l, 1959, now Patent No. 3,089,732 granted May 14, 1963.

The present invention relates to improvements in apparatus for conveying cigarette packs or the like, and in particular from a processing machine to a subsequent one such as a packaging machine.

According to the invention, the cigarette packs are conveyed pnuernatically from the starting station to the arrival station, being blown, or preferably sucked, vdirectly through a tubing of rectangular cross-section. in the suction systems, the end section of the tubing in the arrival station is made descending, vertical or inclined, and the intake is connected to the upper part of said section, whose lower outlet opens freely into the atmosphere to permit the discharge of the arriving packs. To make this installation function, there is formed in the descending end section of the conveyor tubing, in the arrival station and below the mouth of the intake, a coiumn of packs which closes the outlet of the tubing and constitutes a counterweight of the suction force which also manifests itself in said end section. ln this way, the column of packs permits the suction to manifest itself entirely between the intake and the inlet of the tubing in the starting station, so that the direction of movement ot the packs cannot be inverted or the ilow thereof become irregular.

in the practical operation of the above pneumatic installation, the conveyor tubing should present a slightly wider cross-section than that of the packs, so thatv they can be entrained by the suction airstream. Until now this wider cross-section of the conveyor tubing was maintained also over the entire descending end section of the tubing. Therefore, the column of packs in said descend ing end section was unable to close this section completely, and to prevent a certain suction of air through its outlet. This caused some uncertainty in the proper functioning of the installation, with intermittent and uncontrolled interruptions of the ow of packs.

The present invention aims to eliminate the above drawback and consists in the rst place in the fact that the descending end section of the conveyor tubing in the arrival station presents below its connection to the intake at least a length of reduced cross-section, through which the packs pass with slight constriction, adhering on all four walls of the tubing. ln addition, there are provided drive means, disposed upstream of said length ot reduced cross-section of the tubing, which push the packs through said length, thus insuring their descent despite their constriction in the tubing and the friction on the walls thereof.

Said drive means may be formed in a variety of ways. For example, they may consist of two rotating rolls, of rubber or the like, mounted on opposite sides of the conveyor tubing above the length of reduced crosssection of the descending end section, and penetrate into this tubing through suitable opposite lateral apertures thereof. The rolls take hold of the individual packs between them and push them downward through the underlying length of reduced cross-section of the tub- ICC ing, preferably at a rate substantially equal to the rate of fall of the packs in the descending end section of the tubing.

In this way, and owing to the contact of the packs on all four walls of the tubing at its length of reduced cross-section, the column of packs in the arrival station guarantees a perfect closing of the descending end section of the tubing and hence prevents the suction of air through the outlet of the section, thus insuring the regular ilow of the packs from thestarting station to the arrival station and the continuous proper functioning of the pneumatic conveyor installation.

Naturally, the length of reduced cross-section of the tubing may be located in any position along the descending end section thereof, always below the mouth connecting with the intake, but either above or below the devices sensitive to the height of the column of packs in the descending end section of the tubing.

Another improvement according to the present invention refers to the means sensitive to the height of the,

column of packs in the descending end section of the conveyor tubing in the arrival station and to the devices which are controlled by these sensitive means and which automatically control the pneumatic conveyor installation.

Heretofore in an apparatus of this type, the means sensitive to the height of the column of packs consisted of one or more electric contacts, simple or multiple, disposed along the descending end section of the tubing, and actuated mechanically by the packs present in the tubing at these contacts. This construction required an alteration ofthe cross-section of the tubing at the points in which the contacts were applied. Moreover, it was necessary to dispose inside the tubing mechanical controls, subject to wear, and to repair which it was necessary to open the tubing.

The invention is further characterized by the provision of photoelectric devices, consisting for example, of a lamp and a photoelectric cell each, which are disposed acing each other at a certain height of the decending end section of the tubing at two simple lateral opposite apertures of the tubing and which are preferably lodged in suitable boxes externally applied'to the tubing.

ln devices known heretofore, when the column of packs in the descending end section of the conveyor tubing falls below a cert-ain minimum level, the means sensitive to the height of the column cause the stopping of the machine in the arrival station. This machine can, however, consist of a collecting and arranging machine, at which there merge and are connected several conveyor tubings coming from various processing machines, and which orders the packs received and sends them to a subsequent processing machine, for example, a wrapping machine, independently of the number of pneumatic tubings in operation. ln this caso, the entire group of machines in the arrival station, including the collecting and pack arranging machine and the annexed wrapping machine, would be unnecessarily stopped when the column of packs in the descending end section of a single one of the pneumatic conveyor tubings falls below the given minimum level.

To obviate this drawback, the present invention provides means of any ldnd suitable for preventing the discharge of the packs from the descending end section of the conveyor tubing in the arrival station, for example, by closing completely or partly the outlet of this section, whichmeans intercept the discharge of the packs when the column of packs falls below the given minimum level. In this way, the installation for the pneumatic conveyance of the packs becomes an `operating unit independent of theV machine fed by it and for example by the collecting and arranging machine mounted in the arrival station. This machine, therefore, continues to operate in all its parts and for example with its device which withdraws the packs from the pneumatic conveyor tubing, when the column of packs in the descending end section of a tubing falls below the given minimum level, it being then fed by the other pneumatic tubings connected to it and operating regularly.

The improvements according to the invention and the advantages deriving therefrom will be evident from the following description of a preferred embodiment illustrated by way of nonlimitative example in the annexed drawings, in which:

FIGURE l illustrates in elevation with parts in section an installation for the pneumatic conveyance of packs, improved according to the invention.

FIGURES 2 and 3 are transverse sections along lines IIII and III- III of FIGURE l.

FIGURE 4 illustrates in side elevation, with parts in section, the descending end section of the conveyor tubing in the arrival station.

FIGURE illustrates in side view and on a larger scale the lower end of the descending end section of the conveyor tubing in the arrival station.

With .reference to the drawings, A and B denote the two stations, between which must occur the pneumatic conveyance of the cigarette packs, and more exactly A denotes the starting station and B the arrival station. Of the two machines located in said two stations which must be connected together by means of the pneumatic pack conveyor, there are illustrated only the outlet channel 1, for the packs from the machine mounted in the starting station A and the feed plane 2, for the packs to the machine disposed in the arrival station B.

The machine mounted in the starting station A may be any processing machine and is, for example, a cigarette pack make-up machine, while the machine disposed in the arrival station B is, for example, a wrapping machine or preferably a collecting and pack arranging machine of the type described in other patents of the same applicant. To this collecting machine are connected in the arrival station B in parallel several single pneumaticl conveyors coming rom various pack-making machines. The collecting machine orders and arranges the packs received from the various conveyors and conveys them to a subsequent wrapping machine, entirely independently of the number of pneumatic conveyors which are in operation.

Each installation for the pneumatic conveyance of the packs P consists of a conduit or tubing 3 which connects the two stations A and B and which presents a rectangular cross-section slightly wider than that of the packs. In the starting station A, the tubing 3 presents a preferably substantially vertical ascending section 403, whose inlet 193 opens perpendicularly above the pack feeding channel 1 at a distance from the bottom of this channel slightly greater than the height of the packs P. The end section 303 of the tubing 3 in the arrival station B is made descendent and preferably substantially vertical and opens with its outlet 203 perpendicularly above the discharge plane 2 at a distance from the latter also slightly greater than the height of the packs P. To this descending end section 303 of the tubing 3 in the arrival station B is connected at the top at 4 the suction pipe 165 of an air intake (not illustrated). For the rest, the tubing 3 may extend over any course, being generally conducted upwardly at a sulcient height from the floor so as not to hinder the traflc in th machine room.

The packs P made up by the packaging machine at starting station A are pushed one after the other in a row through channel 1 for example, by the same ejecting devices as in the packaging machine, and are sucked one after the other into the inlet 103 of tubing 3, traversing the latter to the arrival station B driven by the airstream. In the descending end section 303 of the tubing 3, a column of packs CP is allowed to form, whose height does not normally exceed the intake mouth d. The single packs P are withdrawn one at a time from the base of the column of packs CP and are pushed stepwise onto the plane 2 by means of a piston 6 which is urged in alternating movement and which passes below the outlet 203 of the tubing 3. This piston 6 feeds the machine mounted in the arrival station B and constitutes in the example under examination one of the feed pistons of the collecting and pack arranging machine. The subsequent packs P which pass through the conveyor tubing 3, deposit on the column of packs CP of the arrival station B in the same rhythm in which they are withdrawn from the base of the column, which therefore does not normally change its height.

The column of packs CP in the descending end section 303 of the tubing 3 has the purpose of closing the outlet 263 of this end section 3%3, thus automatically guaranteeing that the suction manifests itself entirely between the intake mouth 4 and the inlet 163 of the tubing 3 in the starting station A. To insure this closure, the descending end section 303 of the tubing 3 presents according to the invention, at any point below the intake mouth 4 and for example at its outlet 293, a length 5l3 of reduced crosssection, through which the packs P can pass only with slight constriction adhering on all four walls of the tubing 3. To obtain nevertheless the continuous descent of the packs P in the descending end section 303, there are provided upstream of its length 503 of reduced cross-section mechanical feed means comprising two opposite rolls 4l), made of or covered with rubber cr slightly toothed or knurled, which penetrate into the tubing 3 through correspending opposite lateral apertures therein. These rolls 40 hold between them the single packs P and are positively actuated in reverse directions so as to force the packs P downwardly, pushing them through the underlying length 503 yof reduced cross-section `of tubing 3 preferably at a rate substantially equal to the rate of fall of the packs in the descending end section 303 of tubing 3. In the example illustrated, said feed rolls 46 are actuated by a chain 41 passed over two pinions 42 fast with the rolls all as well as over a tensioning pinion 43 and over a control pinion 44 driven in any manner.

The discharge of the packs P from the outlet 203 of the tubing 3 in the arrival station B can be intercepted by means of a square lever 45 which is mounted oscillating on the fulcrum 145 and which moves in a longitudinal upper groove 106 of piston 6. A spring 46 normally maintains the oscillating lever 45 in a position in which its lower end is withdrawn from the outlet 29:3 of the tubing 3, thus permitting the free escape of the packs (see position illustrated in solid lines in FIG- URE 4). The lever 45 is moreover connected to an electromagnet 47, which when energized, displaces the lever 45 in the position illustrated in chain-dotted lines in FIGURE 4, in which position the lower end of said lever partly protrudes into the outlet 203 of tubing 3, intercepting and obstructing the escape of the packs.

At a certain height of the descending end section 303 of tubing 3 in the arrival station B, below the intake mouth 4 and at two opposite lateral apertures 50 of tubing 3, there are disposed in front of each other a lamp 43 and a photoelectric cell 49, enclosed in boxes 51 which are externally applied on the tubing 3. The photoelectric cell 49 forms part of any electric circuit (not illustrated) which controls the electromagnet 47 and which operates as follows: During the normal operation of the installation, the height of the column of packs CP in the descending end section 303 of the tubing 3 exceeds the level of the photoelectric cell 49, intercepting the light of the lamp 4S. The electromagnet 47 is cie-energized and the spring 46 maintains the lever 45 in its position withdrawn from the outlet 203 of tubing 3. Electromagnet 47 is operated when for any reason, for example, following the stoppage of the packaging machine in the starting station A, or following the stoppage or aioaesi improper functioning of the pneumatic conveyor installation, the column of packs CP falls below the photoelectric cell 59. Then the latter is struck by the light ot the lamp d8 and energizes the electromagnet 47, which displaces the lever d5 so as to intercept the further discharge of the packs P from the outlet 203 of tubing 3 in the arrival station B. in this manner, while interrupting the withdrawal of packs from the conveyor tubing 3 which ceases to function, the collecting and arranging machine mounted in the arrival station B is not stopped but continues to function, although at a slower rate on the basis of the other pneumatic conveyor tubings connected to it which still remain in operation. When the pneumatic conveyance of the packs in the tubing in question is restored, and as soon as the height of the column of packs CP again reaches and exceeds the photoelectric cell l intercepting the light of the lamp 4S, then tl e electromagnet 47 is de-energized and the spring 45 vithdraws the lever i5 from the outlet 293 of the tubing 3 so as to permit the discharge of the packs.

rhe above described device sensitive to the height of the column of packs CP reacts to a lower limit, that is, to a predetermined minimum height of said column representing an accumulation of less than a predetermined number of packs. ln similar manner and for example by means or" another photoelectric cell disposed at an upper level and facing another lamp, there can be provided a device which reacts to an upper limit, that is, to a predetermined maximum height of said column of packs Cl? representing an accumulation of more than a predetermined number of packs. When following failure of withdrawal of packs from tubing 3 in the arrival station B, for example due to stoppage of the feed device d and of the withdrawal piston 6, the height of the column of packs C? xceeds said upper photoelectric cell, then the latter causes the stoppage of the pneumatic conveyor installation or it actuates a device in the starting station A which prevents the admission of packs in the inlet lt3 of tubing 3. The latter device may be made, for example, as described heretofore in an apparatus of this type, while in the illustrated xample it is designed with a flap S2, oscillating on the iulcrum l5?, and controlled for example by an electromagnet (not illustrated). When, as is normally the case, the height oi the column of packs CP remains below the level of the photoelectric cell sensitive to the predetermined maxitum height, the flap 52 closes the head of the pack eedinff channel l, as illustrated in solid lines in the right hand part of FGURE l. When, however, the column of packs CP exceeds the said maximum limit, then the flap 5'2 oscillates upwardly as illustrated in broken lines in FGURE l, and opens the head of channel l, preferably simultaneously with the stopping of the suction in tubing 3, so that the packs P are not sucked into the inlet w3 and continue in the prolongation of channel 1, all without having to stop the processing machine mounted in the starting station A.

Naturally the invention is not limited to the embodiment just described and illustrate-d, but can be widely varied and modified, especially with respect to the structural design for example oi the feed device which pushes the packs through the length of reduced cross-section or the descending end section of the tubing or respectively the device which intercepts the discharge of the packs from the outlet of said tubing, all without leaving the informative principle set forth above and claimed in the following.

What is claimed is:

l. installation for the pneumatic conveyance or cigarette packs or the like, in which the packs are sucked directly in a tubing of rectangular section, from a starting station to an arrival station, and in which the tubing presents in the arrival station a descending, vertical or inclined end section, which is connected at the top with an intake and is provided with a lower open outlet in which there is allowed to form a column of packs, characterized by the`fact that the descending end section of the tubing in the arrival station presents below its connection with the intake at least one length of reduced cross-section, through which the packs pass with slight constriction, adhering on all four walls of the tubing, there being provided mechanical feed means, disposed upstream of the length of reduced cross-section, which push the packs forcibly through said length, preferably at a rate substantially equal to the rate of fall of the packs in the descending end section of the tubing.

2. installation according to clairn 1, in which the feed means of the packs comprise two rotating rolls of rubber or the like, mounted on opposite sides of the descending end section of the conveyor tubing and penetrating into the latter through opposite lateral apertures therein.

3. lnan article conveying system, a starting station, an arrival station remote from said starting station, a conduit extending from said starting station to said arrival station and providing for said articles a path of travel therebetween, means connected to said conduit for inducing a flow of air therein from said starting station to said arrival station, thereby to carry the articles through said conduit, the major portion of said conduit having a cross-section greater than that of articles conveyed therethrough whereby clearance is provided sutilcient to permit free passage of the articles through the conduit, the portion of said conduit associated with said arrival station having a reduced cross-section resulting in slight constriction ot said articles as the same approach said arrival station, and mechanical feed means disposed upstream of the last mentioned conduit portion and acting on articles therein to elect continued advancement of the articles through the conduit.

4i. The invention defined in claim 3, wherein the lastmentioned means comprise rolls projecting into said conduit and rictionally engaging the sides of said articles, said rolls being rotated in a direction to drive the articles toward said discharge end.

5. in an article conveying system, a starting station, an arrival station remote from said starting station, a conduit extending from said starting station to said arrival station and providing for said articles a path of travel therebetween, means connected to said conduit tor inducing a flow of air thereinV from said starting station to said arrival station, thereby to carry the articles through said conduit, the major portion of said conduit having a cross-section greater than that of articles conveyed therethrough whereby clearance is provided suiiicient to permit free passage of the articles through the conduit, the portion oi said conduit associated with said arrival station having a reduced cross-section resulting in slight constriction of said articles as the same approach said arrival station, mechanical feed means disposed upstream of the last mentioned conduit portion and acting on articles therein to eiect continued advancement thereof through the conduit, means associated with the discharge end of the conduit at said arrival station and operable to obstruct the delivery oi articles to said arrival station, and means responsive to the accumulation of less than a predetermined number of articles at the discharge end of said conduit to elect temporary operation of the last-mentioned means until said predetermined number is re-established, thereby to maintain a column of articles in said conduit.

In an article conveying system, a starting station, an arrival station remote from said starting station, a conduit leading from said starting station and extending downwardly toward said arrival station, said conduit providing for said articles a path of travel between said stations, means connected to said conduit for inducing a flow of air therein from said starting to said arrival station, thereby to carry the articles through said con- 7 duit, the major portion of said conduit'having a crosssection greater than that of articles conveyed therethrough whereby clearance is provided sucient to permit free passage of the articles through the conduit, the portion of said conduit associated with said arrival station having a reduced cross-section resulting in slight constriction of said articles as the same approach said arrival station, mechanical feed means disposed upstream of the last mentioned conduit portion and acting on articles therein to effect continued advancement thereof through the conduit, means associated with the discharge end of the conduit at said arrival station operable to obstruct the delivery of articles to said arrival station, and means responsive to the height of articles accumulated at said discharge end to effect temporary operation of the lastmentioned means when the accumulated articles are below a predetermined height and until said predetermined References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2/43 Gent 302-2 '7/58 Kjellsen 302-2 FOREIGN PATENTS S/57 Canada. 2/58 taly.

SAMUEL F. CLElX/IAN, Primary Examiner.

ANGRES H. NELSEN, Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. INSTALLATION FOR THE PNEUMATIC CONVEYANCE OF CIGARETTE PACKS OR THE LIKE, IN WHICH THE PACKS ARE SUCKED DIRECTLY IN A TUBING OF RECTANGULAR SECTION, FROM A STARTING STATION TO AN ARRIVAL STATION, AND IN WHICH THE TUBING PRESENTS IN THE ARRIVAL STATION A DESCENDING, VERTICAL OR INCLINED END SECTION, WHICH IS CONNECTED AT THE TOP WITH AN INTAKE AND IS PROVIDED WITH A LOWER OPEN OUTLET IN WHICH THERE IS ALLOWED TO FORM A COLUMN OF PACKS, CHARACTERIZED BY THE FACT THAT THE DESCENDING END SECTION OF THE TUBING IN THE ARRIVAL STATION PRESENTS BELOW ITS CONNECTION WITH THE INTAKE AT LEAST ONE LENGTH OF REDUCED CROSS-SECTION, THROUGH WHICH THE PACKS PASS WITH SLIGHT CONSTRICTION, ADHERING ON ALL FOUR WALLS OF THE TUBING, THERE BEING PROVIDED MECHANICAL FEED MEANS, DISPOSED UPSTREAM OF THE LENGTH OF REDUCED CROSS-SECTION, WHICH PUSH THE PACKS FORCIBLY THROUGH SAID LENGTH, PREFERABLY AT A RATE SUBSTANTIALLY EQUAL TO THE RATE OF FALL OF THE PACKS IN THE DESCENDING END SECTION OF THE TUBING.

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