US3233607A - Automatic heart massage device - Google Patents

Automatic heart massage device Download PDF

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US3233607A
US3233607A US203967A US20396762A US3233607A US 3233607 A US3233607 A US 3233607A US 203967 A US203967 A US 203967A US 20396762 A US20396762 A US 20396762A US 3233607 A US3233607 A US 3233607A
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transformers
piston rod
piston
heart
casing
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Victor W Bolie
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IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIEN
IOWA STATE UNIVERSITY OF SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/424Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps
    • A61M60/427Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being hydraulic or pneumatic
    • A61M60/43Details relating to driving for positive displacement blood pumps the force acting on the blood contacting member being hydraulic or pneumatic using vacuum at the blood pump, e.g. to accelerate filling
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/10Location thereof with respect to the patient's body
    • A61M60/122Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body
    • A61M60/165Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart
    • A61M60/191Implantable pumps or pumping devices, i.e. the blood being pumped inside the patient's body implantable in, on, or around the heart mechanically acting upon the outside of the patient's native heart, e.g. compressive structures placed around the heart
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/20Type thereof
    • A61M60/289Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation assisting the residual heart function by means mechanically acting upon the patient's native heart or blood vessel structure, e.g. direct cardiac compression [DCC] devices
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/40Details relating to driving
    • A61M60/465Details relating to driving for devices for mechanical circulatory actuation
    • A61M60/468Details relating to driving for devices for mechanical circulatory actuation the force acting on the actuation means being hydraulic or pneumatic
    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M60/00Blood pumps; Devices for mechanical circulatory actuation; Balloon pumps for circulatory assistance
    • A61M60/80Constructional details other than related to driving
    • A61M60/839Constructional details other than related to driving of devices for mechanical circulatory actuation

Definitions

  • This invention relates to a myocardial massaging device, and, more particularly, to a device for providing systolic support to a partially or totally inactive myocardium where, however, there is still intact valve function.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a heart massaging and supporting device which is installable in the body about the heart ventricular area.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide a novel heart massaging and supporting device wherein the inventive device automatically compensates for changes of blood flow occasioned by exercise, and the like, and thereby simulates a real heart, all while being installed in situ.
  • a still further object of the invention is to provide a novel electronic cycle controller for regulating a reciprocating mechanism such as the inventive myocardial massaging and supporting device.
  • FIG. 1 is a partially schematic representation of the inventive device when installed in a mammalian body
  • FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of an electronic circuit for controlling the operation of the cycling device of FIG. 1.
  • the invention does not have to do with substitution of the natural valving functions of the heart.
  • the numeral 10 designates generally the ventricul-ar area of the heart and the numeral 11 designates generally a casing which is carefully fitted to the apex region of the heart and which includes an outer wall 12 and an inner wall 13.
  • the walls 12 and 13 are spaced apart and define a chamber 14 which is in communica- 3,233,607 Patented F el). 8, 1966 tion with a cylinder and piston unit generally designated 15 by means of a conduit 16.
  • the inner wall 13 of the casing 11 is relatively resilient or elastic in comparison with the relatively rigid outer wall 12, so that upon operation of the cylinder and piston unit -15, the volume of the chamber 14 is capable of changing in response to pressure inflation.
  • the casing 11 is constructed of viable material such as a non-toxic silicone and is retained in place as at 10a by fasteners anchored to various structures at the base of the heart. Alternatively, sutures or direct fibrous adhesion may be employed for this securement.
  • the casing in the area 10b is characterized by a gradual transition from the relatively hard shell forming the wall 12 to the relatively elastic or soft inner membrane 13, thereby insuring durability and minimizing detrimental tissue reaction. It will be appreciated that there is thus a line of perimetric union between the outer Wall 12 and inner membrane 13 adjacent the point of securement of casing 11 to the heart 10.
  • the chamber 14 is periodically expanded by means of air or other fluid power delivered through the flexible tubing 16 from a cyclic pump such as the cylinder and piston unit 15 which may be vented as at 15a.
  • a cyclic pump such as the cylinder and piston unit 15 which may be vented as at 15a.
  • the cylinder and piston unit 15 is provided as part of a sealed fluid pressure system including the chamber 14 and the interior of the tubing or conduit 16, and the piston 17 is arranged for a predetermined length of stroke as fixed by pawls 18 provided on the piston rod 19.
  • the piston rod 19 is seen to extend within a cycle controller generally designated 20 and which is equipped with power input terminals as at 21 and power output terminals as at 22 which are coupled by means of an electrical conduit 23 to a conventional solenoid coil 24 which includes a suitable magnetizable housing 24a to provide a low-reluctance flux path.
  • a single pole, single throw snap switch 25 Interposed in the cycle controller between the input and output terminals 21 and 22, respectively, is a single pole, single throw snap switch 25 which operates as a series interrupter for solenoid power.
  • the piston rod within the cycle controlled 20 is carried by bushings 19a.
  • the solenoid coil 24 is arranged in conjunction with the cylinder 26 so as to move the piston 17 to the right when the solenoid coil 24 is electrically actuated, thereby providing the systolic phase of cardiac operation.
  • the diastolic operation of the piston is achieved through the use of a spring 27 mounted between the coil frame 24 and a magnetizable enlargement 28 on the piston rod 19. It will also be appreciated that the magnetizable enlargement 28 serves as a part of the armature of the suitably encased solenoid coil 24.
  • the electromechanical system just described operates the piston so that the piston 17 always delivers a full stroke, as fixed by the predetermined setting of the pawls 18. These may be adjustable, or other limit switch structures may be employed.
  • the repositioning of the switch 25 stops electrical energization of the solenoid coil 24 so that the piston 17 returns to its unexcited position slowly and in response to the relatively mild spring action of the spring 27.
  • the diastolic action induced by the spring 27 is somewhat counteracted by the restraining suction associated with diastolic ventricular filling.
  • the right-hand pawl 18 initiates the systolic portion of the next cycle.
  • Control of pump pressure during systole is effected by adjusting the magnitude of the current fed to the solenoid coil 24.
  • Control of suction pressure exerted by the pump during diastole is effected by the degree of stiffness selected in the choice of the return-spring 27.
  • Control of the stroke volume is effected by adjusting the position of one or both limit switches, i.e., pawls 18, with respect to the switch 25.
  • the invention is also advantageous in that it adapts itself to varying heart conditions such as would be the result of exercise, for example.
  • exercise there is a decrease in peripheral resistance to blood flow, so that the systolic pressure of the subject falls below normal. Therefore, there will be less back pressure on the face of the piston during the electro-mechanical systole.
  • the resultant excess solenoid force accelerates the piston to give a more rapid systole, i.e., decrease the period of the piston stroke. If the rate of venous return-blood flow to the right side of the heart increases, as it does in exercise, the mild suction pressure ordinarily present during elec+ tro-mechanical diastole diminishes.
  • the device automatically responds to the bodys natural demands for increased cardiac out put, without requiring special sensors of venous oxygen concentration, ventilation rate, or blood pressure.
  • the inventive device is surgically feasible whenever the functioning of the natural heart valves is satisfactory or surgically correctible, and when partial support or total replacement of myocardial function is needed.
  • the device requires the least possible weight attached to the heart, and is formfitting and isolated from the blood stream, thus minimizing risks of irritation, mechanical damage, hemolysis, and thrombi formation.
  • the device is mechanically simple, with only one moving part (if electronic switching is used) and automatically responds to any natural body need for increased cardiac output without requiring any sensors.
  • the entire device with appropriately miniaturized components, is capable of being completely enclosed within the body cavity (with piston back flow absorbed cyclically in a passive bellows), with its entire electrical power supplied by magnetic induction through the body wall.
  • the passive bellows i.e., simple bellows, communicates with the portion of the cylinder opposite the side of the piston from the pressure delivery side, i.e., at vent a.
  • the purpose of the bellows is to prevent body fluids, lung segments, or other tissues from being sucked into the back flow vent during electro-Inechanical systole and to provide temporary reversible storage of diastolic back flow, and thus it is apparent that when the pumpds external to the body, this is not needed.
  • extracorporeal inductive excitation is employed to run the self-regulating electro-mechanical pump that is enclosed within the body cavity, e.g., mounted in the chest on the back of the sternum.
  • external power to the unit is supplied without requiring an electrical conduit through the skin by means of magnetic induction similar in principle to a transformer operation.
  • a secondary winding of a few turns, suitably encased in a viable and non-irritating sheath, and having a diameter equal to the largest diameter of the lungs, can be installed just above the diaphragm and connected through a simple, full-wave, solidstate rectifier to the electromechanical pump.
  • the primary winding may be of as many turns as desirable for a good match for transfer of A.C. power, and having a diameter equal to that of the body at the waist, so that it can be worn as a belt attached by a power cord leading to a primary source of A.C. power.
  • the cycle controller may be provided in electronic form such as is seen in FIG. 2 and which is designated generally by the numeral 120.
  • the cycle controller seen in FIG. 2 is designated generally by the numeral 120.
  • the numeral 121 designates input terminals for A.C. power, typically volts, 60 cycles, which is supplied through a switch S and which is converted, on demand, to a full-wave rectified power supply to the solenoid 124 by means of conventional power diodes D D and the silicon-controlled rectifiers K and K
  • the piston rod extension 119 associated with the solenoid 124 is equipped with an enlargement of magnetizable material such as an iron slug at 118.
  • transformers T and T are supplied continuously with primary A.C. excitation whenever switch S is closed.
  • the secondary windings of transformers T and T remain essentially unexcited unless the air gap across the C shape is effectively closed by the close, but not touching, proximity of the iron slug 118 which moves with the solenoid armature, i.e., piston rod 119.
  • Transformers T and T are positioned to correspond with the two intendedlimits of armature travel.
  • the solenoid124 is unexcited and the iron slug 118 is under transformer T
  • the secondary winding of the transformer T supplies gating signals to rectifiers K and K through the auxiliary network consisting of a small rectifying diode D a Zener-diode ZD (serving as a barrier to small spurious signals), and the voltage-divider formed by the resistances R and R K and K are thus maintained in the fired condition whenever the iron slug 118 is under transformer T
  • An additional auxiliary circuit is needed to keep rectifiers K and K fired (and power thereby delivered to the solenoid 124) until the iron slug 118 is fully under transformer T This is accomplished by providing, directly in parallel with the solenoid load impedance, a capacitor C (in series with a resistor R of no higher resistance than necessary to protect the charging and discharg ing diodes) which is charged through the half-waverectifying diode D and the Zener-diode ZD, (serving as a barrier
  • the capacitor C maintains sufficient gating signals to rectifiers K and K by slowly discharging through the resistance R Hence the solenoid 124 continues to receive excitation power throughout the travel of its armature until the iron slug 118 arrives under transformer T When the iron slug 118 arrives under transformer T the secondary winding of T supplies a gating signal to the small, silicon-controlled rectifier K through the auxilliary netwo k Consisting of a small rectifying diode D a Zener-diode ZD and the voltage divider formed by the resistances R and R This resultant firing of rectifier K immediately discharges capacitance C completely, and thereby deprives rectifiers K and K of their gating signals.
  • the cyclic action of the device may be maintained in synchronism with the natural rhythm of the partially defective heart by applying across the resistance R, the suitably amplified QRS-portion of an electrocardiogram signal sensed by means of a pair of inert metallic electrodes contiguous with the myocardium.
  • a heart massage device comprising a casing having an open end adapted to receive an inoperative or a partially inoperative part in situ, said casing having spaced apart inner and outer Walls defining an expansible chamber and means for cyclically pressurizing said chamber, said means including a cylinder and piston rod unit, a pair of C-shaped transformers positioned adjacent said piston rods, said piston rod having a magnetizable portion normally biased toward one of said transformers, a solenoid operably associated with said piston rod for moving the same way from said one transformer, means for supplying a cyclically varying voltage to said transformers, and electrical output means connected to said transformers and including gate means for sequentially exciting said transformers, said gate means being operative to remove the excitation from thetransformer having the said magnetizable portion biased theretoward.
  • electromechanical means including a solenoid for developing a reciprocating action, means including a cylinder and piston rod unit and a pair of aligned, spaced apart, C-shaped transformers positioned adjacent to said cylinder and piston rod, said piston rod having a magnetizable portion normally biased to- Ward one of said transformers, a solenoid operably associated with said piston rod for moving the same from said one transformer, means for supplying a cyclically varying voltage to said transformers, and electrical output means connected to said transformers and including gate means for sequentially exciting said transformers, said gate means being operative to remove the excitation from the transformer having the said magnetizable portion biased theretoward.

Description

Feb. 8, 1966 v. w. BOLIE AUTOMATIC HEART MASSAGE DEVICE Filed June 20, 1962 FIG! ATT YS m ZJNVBNTOR. BY
IIS
Jan/$010,
United States Patent Of" 3,233,607 AUTOMATIC HEART MASSAGE DEVICE Victor W. Bolie, Ames, Iowa, assignor to Iowa State University of Science and Technology, Ames, Iowa, a corporation of Iowa Filed June 20, 1962, Ser. No. 203,967 2 Claims. (Cl. 128-64) This invention relates to a myocardial massaging device, and, more particularly, to a device for providing systolic support to a partially or totally inactive myocardium where, however, there is still intact valve function.
Although a large number of artificial limbs and organs have been improvised and improved during recent years, relatively little has been done in the field of an artificial heart. For the most part, the heat work has consisted of extracorporeal circulation and oxygenation devices which have been limited to short term emergency procedures. Thus, it is desirable to provide an auxiliary for the heart which would not be subject to these short term limitations, and the provision of such constitutes an important object of this invention.
Another object of the invention is to provide a heart massaging and supporting device which is installable in the body about the heart ventricular area.
It will be appreciated that for a heart-supporting device to be feasible, it mus-t be small, durable, simple and viable, and further that these mutually .conflicting specifications pose a biomedical engineering problem of substantial complexity. It is, therefore, yet another object of this invention to provide a solution for this problem.
A further object of the invention is to provide a novel heart massaging and supporting device wherein the inventive device automatically compensates for changes of blood flow occasioned by exercise, and the like, and thereby simulates a real heart, all while being installed in situ.
A still further object of the invention is to provide a novel electronic cycle controller for regulating a reciprocating mechanism such as the inventive myocardial massaging and supporting device. Other objects and advantages of the invention may be seen in the details of construction and operation set down in this specification.
The invention will be explained in conjunction with an illustrative embodiment in the accompanying drawing, in which FIG. 1 is a partially schematic representation of the inventive device when installed in a mammalian body; and
FIG. 2 is a schematic drawing of an electronic circuit for controlling the operation of the cycling device of FIG. 1.
At the outset, it is to be noted that the invention does not have to do with substitution of the natural valving functions of the heart.
The inventive environment is seen in the drawing, wherein the numeral 10 designates generally the ventricul-ar area of the heart and the numeral 11 designates generally a casing which is carefully fitted to the apex region of the heart and which includes an outer wall 12 and an inner wall 13. The walls 12 and 13 are spaced apart and define a chamber 14 which is in communica- 3,233,607 Patented F el). 8, 1966 tion with a cylinder and piston unit generally designated 15 by means of a conduit 16.
The inner wall 13 of the casing 11 is relatively resilient or elastic in comparison with the relatively rigid outer wall 12, so that upon operation of the cylinder and piston unit -15, the volume of the chamber 14 is capable of changing in response to pressure inflation.
The casing 11 is constructed of viable material such as a non-toxic silicone and is retained in place as at 10a by fasteners anchored to various structures at the base of the heart. Alternatively, sutures or direct fibrous adhesion may be employed for this securement. The casing in the area 10b is characterized by a gradual transition from the relatively hard shell forming the wall 12 to the relatively elastic or soft inner membrane 13, thereby insuring durability and minimizing detrimental tissue reaction. It will be appreciated that there is thus a line of perimetric union between the outer Wall 12 and inner membrane 13 adjacent the point of securement of casing 11 to the heart 10.
In operation, the chamber 14 is periodically expanded by means of air or other fluid power delivered through the flexible tubing 16 from a cyclic pump such as the cylinder and piston unit 15 which may be vented as at 15a.
The cylinder and piston unit 15 is provided as part of a sealed fluid pressure system including the chamber 14 and the interior of the tubing or conduit 16, and the piston 17 is arranged for a predetermined length of stroke as fixed by pawls 18 provided on the piston rod 19. The piston rod 19 is seen to extend within a cycle controller generally designated 20 and which is equipped with power input terminals as at 21 and power output terminals as at 22 which are coupled by means of an electrical conduit 23 to a conventional solenoid coil 24 which includes a suitable magnetizable housing 24a to provide a low-reluctance flux path. Interposed in the cycle controller between the input and output terminals 21 and 22, respectively, is a single pole, single throw snap switch 25 which operates as a series interrupter for solenoid power. The piston rod within the cycle controlled 20 is carried by bushings 19a.
The solenoid coil 24 is arranged in conjunction with the cylinder 26 so as to move the piston 17 to the right when the solenoid coil 24 is electrically actuated, thereby providing the systolic phase of cardiac operation.
The diastolic operation of the piston is achieved through the use of a spring 27 mounted between the coil frame 24 and a magnetizable enlargement 28 on the piston rod 19. It will also be appreciated that the magnetizable enlargement 28 serves as a part of the armature of the suitably encased solenoid coil 24.
The electromechanical system just described operates the piston so that the piston 17 always delivers a full stroke, as fixed by the predetermined setting of the pawls 18. These may be adjustable, or other limit switch structures may be employed. After the systolic movement of the piston (to the right in the illustration given), the repositioning of the switch 25 stops electrical energization of the solenoid coil 24 so that the piston 17 returns to its unexcited position slowly and in response to the relatively mild spring action of the spring 27. The diastolic action induced by the spring 27 is somewhat counteracted by the restraining suction associated with diastolic ventricular filling. When diastole is completed, the right-hand pawl 18 initiates the systolic portion of the next cycle.
It will be appreciated that there are a number of parameters that affect the design of the system, and typical values of these parameters are set dovm in the table below.
Control of pump pressure during systole is effected by adjusting the magnitude of the current fed to the solenoid coil 24. Control of suction pressure exerted by the pump during diastole is effected by the degree of stiffness selected in the choice of the return-spring 27. Control of the stroke volume is effected by adjusting the position of one or both limit switches, i.e., pawls 18, with respect to the switch 25.
The invention is also advantageous in that it adapts itself to varying heart conditions such as would be the result of exercise, for example. In exercise, there is a decrease in peripheral resistance to blood flow, so that the systolic pressure of the subject falls below normal. Therefore, there will be less back pressure on the face of the piston during the electro-mechanical systole. The resultant excess solenoid force accelerates the piston to give a more rapid systole, i.e., decrease the period of the piston stroke. If the rate of venous return-blood flow to the right side of the heart increases, as it does in exercise, the mild suction pressure ordinarily present during elec+ tro-mechanical diastole diminishes. The resultant excess spring-return force accelerates the piston to give a more rapid diastole. Hence, the device automatically responds to the bodys natural demands for increased cardiac out put, without requiring special sensors of venous oxygen concentration, ventilation rate, or blood pressure.
From the foregoing, it will be seen that the inventive device is surgically feasible whenever the functioning of the natural heart valves is satisfactory or surgically correctible, and when partial support or total replacement of myocardial function is needed. The device requires the least possible weight attached to the heart, and is formfitting and isolated from the blood stream, thus minimizing risks of irritation, mechanical damage, hemolysis, and thrombi formation. The device is mechanically simple, with only one moving part (if electronic switching is used) and automatically responds to any natural body need for increased cardiac output without requiring any sensors. The entire device, with appropriately miniaturized components, is capable of being completely enclosed within the body cavity (with piston back flow absorbed cyclically in a passive bellows), with its entire electrical power supplied by magnetic induction through the body wall. The passive bellows, i.e., simple bellows, communicates with the portion of the cylinder opposite the side of the piston from the pressure delivery side, i.e., at vent a.
The purpose of the bellows is to prevent body fluids, lung segments, or other tissues from being sucked into the back flow vent during electro-Inechanical systole and to provide temporary reversible storage of diastolic back flow, and thus it is apparent that when the pumpds external to the body, this is not needed.
For mounting of the pump internally in the body, extracorporeal inductive excitation is employed to run the self-regulating electro-mechanical pump that is enclosed within the body cavity, e.g., mounted in the chest on the back of the sternum. In such an instance, external power to the unit is supplied without requiring an electrical conduit through the skin by means of magnetic induction similar in principle to a transformer operation. A secondary winding of a few turns, suitably encased in a viable and non-irritating sheath, and having a diameter equal to the largest diameter of the lungs, can be installed just above the diaphragm and connected through a simple, full-wave, solidstate rectifier to the electromechanical pump. The primary winding may be of as many turns as desirable for a good match for transfer of A.C. power, and having a diameter equal to that of the body at the waist, so that it can be worn as a belt attached by a power cord leading to a primary source of A.C. power.
The cycle controller may be provided in electronic form such as is seen in FIG. 2 and which is designated generally by the numeral 120. The cycle controller seen in FIG. 2
provides the function of limit switches, out does not require any mechanical contact.
In FIG. 2, the numeral 121 designates input terminals for A.C. power, typically volts, 60 cycles, which is supplied through a switch S and which is converted, on demand, to a full-wave rectified power supply to the solenoid 124 by means of conventional power diodes D D and the silicon-controlled rectifiers K and K The piston rod extension 119 associated with the solenoid 124 is equipped with an enlargement of magnetizable material such as an iron slug at 118.
'The primary windings of the small C-shaped' transformers T and T are supplied continuously with primary A.C. excitation whenever switch S is closed. The secondary windings of transformers T and T remain essentially unexcited unless the air gap across the C shape is effectively closed by the close, but not touching, proximity of the iron slug 118 which moves with the solenoid armature, i.e., piston rod 119. Transformers T and T are positioned to correspond with the two intendedlimits of armature travel.
Before the switch S is closed, the solenoid124 is unexcited and the iron slug 118 is under transformer T When switch S is closed, the secondary winding of the transformer T supplies gating signals to rectifiers K and K through the auxiliary network consisting of a small rectifying diode D a Zener-diode ZD (serving as a barrier to small spurious signals), and the voltage-divider formed by the resistances R and R K and K are thus maintained in the fired condition whenever the iron slug 118 is under transformer T An additional auxiliary circuit is needed to keep rectifiers K and K fired (and power thereby delivered to the solenoid 124) until the iron slug 118 is fully under transformer T This is accomplished by providing, directly in parallel with the solenoid load impedance, a capacitor C (in series with a resistor R of no higher resistance than necessary to protect the charging and discharg ing diodes) which is charged through the half-waverectifying diode D and the Zener-diode ZD, (serving as a barrier again to small, spurious signals). During the crucial times when the power supply voltage across rectifiers K or K actually diminishes to zero in the process of rectification, the capacitor C maintains sufficient gating signals to rectifiers K and K by slowly discharging through the resistance R Hence the solenoid 124 continues to receive excitation power throughout the travel of its armature until the iron slug 118 arrives under transformer T When the iron slug 118 arrives under transformer T the secondary winding of T supplies a gating signal to the small, silicon-controlled rectifier K through the auxilliary netwo k Consisting of a small rectifying diode D a Zener-diode ZD and the voltage divider formed by the resistances R and R This resultant firing of rectifier K immediately discharges capacitance C completely, and thereby deprives rectifiers K and K of their gating signals.
With K and K unfired, the solenoid loses its excitation and a spring returns the iron slug 118 to its position under transformer T with the circuit and equipment now in position for initiating another cycle.
In the case where there is partial, but not total, insufficiency of the heart mucle, the cyclic action of the device may be maintained in synchronism with the natural rhythm of the partially defective heart by applying across the resistance R, the suitably amplified QRS-portion of an electrocardiogram signal sensed by means of a pair of inert metallic electrodes contiguous with the myocardium.
While, in the foregoing specification, a detailed description of an inventive embodiment has been set down for the purpose of illustration thereof, many variations in the details herein given may be made by those skilled in the art without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention.
I claim:
1. A heart massage device, comprising a casing having an open end adapted to receive an inoperative or a partially inoperative part in situ, said casing having spaced apart inner and outer Walls defining an expansible chamber and means for cyclically pressurizing said chamber, said means including a cylinder and piston rod unit, a pair of C-shaped transformers positioned adjacent said piston rods, said piston rod having a magnetizable portion normally biased toward one of said transformers, a solenoid operably associated with said piston rod for moving the same way from said one transformer, means for supplying a cyclically varying voltage to said transformers, and electrical output means connected to said transformers and including gate means for sequentially exciting said transformers, said gate means being operative to remove the excitation from thetransformer having the said magnetizable portion biased theretoward.
2. In a cycle controller for the operation of a heart massage device, and the like, electromechanical means including a solenoid for developing a reciprocating action, means including a cylinder and piston rod unit and a pair of aligned, spaced apart, C-shaped transformers positioned adjacent to said cylinder and piston rod, said piston rod having a magnetizable portion normally biased to- Ward one of said transformers, a solenoid operably associated with said piston rod for moving the same from said one transformer, means for supplying a cyclically varying voltage to said transformers, and electrical output means connected to said transformers and including gate means for sequentially exciting said transformers, said gate means being operative to remove the excitation from the transformer having the said magnetizable portion biased theretoward.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,690,174 9/1954 Fuchs 128-44 2,806,432 9/1957 Brooks 103-53 X 2,826,193 3/1958 Vineberg 128-38 2,893,382 7/1959 Demeny 128-38 2,917,751 12/1959 Fry 3-1 3,034,501 5/1962 Hewson 128-64 3,053,249 9/1962 Smith 128-64 OTHER REFERENCES Surgery, November 1960, pages 903-906.
RICHARD A. GAUDET, Primary Examiner.

Claims (1)

1. A HEART MASSAGE DEVICE, COMPRISING A CASING HAVING AN OPEN END ADAPTED TO RECEIVE AN INOPERATIVE OR A PARTIALLY INOPERATIVE PART IN SITU, SAID CASING HAVING SPACED APART INNER AND OUTER WALLS DEFINING AN EXPANSIBLE CHAMBER AND MEANS FOR CYCLICALLY PRESSURIZING SAID CHAMBER, SAID MEANS INCLUDING A CYLINDER AND PISTON ROD UNIT, A PAIR OF C-SHAPED TRANSFORMERS POSITIONED ADJACENT SAID PISTON RODS, SAID PISTON ROD HAVING A MAGNETIZABLE PORTION NORMALLY BIASED TOWARD ONE OF SAID TRANSFORMERS, A SOLENOID OPERABLY ASSOCIATED WITH SAID PISTON ROD FOR MOVING THE SAME WAY FROM SAID ONE TRANSFORMER, MEANS FOR SUPPLYING A CYCLICALLY VARYING VOLTAGE TO SAID TRANSFORMERS, AND ELECTRICAL OUTPUT MEANS CONNECTED TO SAID TRANSFORMERS AND INCLUDING GATE MEANS FOR SEQUENTIALLY EXCITING SAID TRANSFORMERS, SAID GATE MEANS BEING OPERATIVE TO REMOVE THE EXCITATION FROM THE THETRANSFORMER HAVING THE SAID MAGNETIZABLE PORTION BIASED THERETOWARD.
US203967A 1962-06-20 1962-06-20 Automatic heart massage device Expired - Lifetime US3233607A (en)

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Cited By (46)

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US3279464A (en) * 1963-12-30 1966-10-18 Univ Iowa State Res Found Inc Myocardial prosthetic device
US3292548A (en) * 1965-01-21 1966-12-20 Eckerle Suction pump unit for oil supply installations
US3376863A (en) * 1966-02-09 1968-04-09 Health Education Welfare Usa Biventricular cardiac assister
US3433983A (en) * 1966-11-14 1969-03-18 United Aircraft Corp Electromagnetic actuator
US3449767A (en) * 1965-09-24 1969-06-17 North American Rockwell Artificial heart regulating system
US3455298A (en) * 1967-04-10 1969-07-15 George L Anstadt Instrument for direct mechanical cardiac massage
US3502026A (en) * 1968-01-15 1970-03-24 Akira Toyoda Electromagnetic pump
FR2321266A1 (en) * 1975-08-20 1977-03-18 Guiset Jacques Pressure applying cardiac prosthesis - comprises hollow sleeve with deformable faces bearing against surfaces of heart
US4427470A (en) 1981-09-01 1984-01-24 University Of Utah Vacuum molding technique for manufacturing a ventricular assist device
US4473423A (en) * 1982-05-03 1984-09-25 University Of Utah Artificial heart valve made by vacuum forming technique
FR2581879A2 (en) * 1983-04-15 1986-11-21 Mariani Antoine Auxiliary artificial heart
US4690134A (en) * 1985-07-01 1987-09-01 Snyders Robert V Ventricular assist device
US4794915A (en) * 1984-12-24 1989-01-03 Isg/Ag Method for inducing uterine activity through nipple stimulation
US4838889A (en) * 1981-09-01 1989-06-13 University Of Utah Research Foundation Ventricular assist device and method of manufacture
US5049126A (en) * 1990-02-16 1991-09-17 Isg/Ag Breast pump with nipple stimulating insert
US5119804A (en) * 1990-11-19 1992-06-09 Anstadt George L Heart massage apparatus
WO1993014734A1 (en) * 1992-01-31 1993-08-05 Medtronic, Inc. Cardiac assist apparatus
US5383840A (en) * 1992-07-28 1995-01-24 Vascor, Inc. Biocompatible ventricular assist and arrhythmia control device including cardiac compression band-stay-pad assembly
US5676651A (en) * 1992-08-06 1997-10-14 Electric Boat Corporation Surgically implantable pump arrangement and method for pumping body fluids
US5738627A (en) * 1994-08-18 1998-04-14 Duke University Bi-ventricular cardiac assist device
US5749839A (en) * 1994-08-18 1998-05-12 Duke University Direct mechanical bi-ventricular cardiac assist device
US5941847A (en) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-24 Medela Holding Ag Breast shield with vacuum isolation element
US6238334B1 (en) 1997-11-03 2001-05-29 Cardio Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for assisting a heart to pump blood
US6464655B1 (en) 1999-03-17 2002-10-15 Environmental Robots, Inc. Electrically-controllable multi-fingered resilient heart compression devices
US6749582B2 (en) 2002-04-30 2004-06-15 The First Years Inc. Pumping breast milk
WO2004112867A1 (en) 2003-06-18 2004-12-29 The Texas A & M University System Device for proactive modulation of cardiac strain patterns
US20040267086A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2004-12-30 Anstadt Mark P. Sensor-equipped and algorithm-controlled direct mechanical ventricular assist device
US20070260108A1 (en) * 2005-04-06 2007-11-08 The Texas A&M University System Device for proactive modulation of cardiac strain patterns
US20080021260A1 (en) * 2005-04-06 2008-01-24 The Texas A&M University System Device for the Modulation of Cardiac End Diastolic Volume
US20080243061A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2008-10-02 Britto James J Pump apparatus
US20090177028A1 (en) * 2008-01-04 2009-07-09 Anthony John White Non-blood contact cardiac compression device, for augmentation of cardiac function by timed cyclic tensioning of elastic cords in an epicardial location
US20100152523A1 (en) * 2005-11-28 2010-06-17 Myocardiocare, Inc. Method and Apparatus for Minimally Invasive Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation
US20110021864A1 (en) * 2009-07-22 2011-01-27 The Texas A&M University System Biphasic and Dynamic Adjustable Support Devices and Methods with Assist and Recoil Capabilities for Treatment of Cardiac Pathologies
US20110196189A1 (en) * 2010-02-09 2011-08-11 Myocardiocare, Inc. Extra-cardiac differential ventricular actuation by inertial and baric partitioning
US8398584B2 (en) 2009-01-16 2013-03-19 Learning Curve Brands, Inc. Breast pump and method of use
US9510746B2 (en) 2004-06-17 2016-12-06 The Texas A&M University System Deployment methods and mechanisms for minimally invasive implantation of heart contacting cardiac devices
US9642957B2 (en) 2009-07-22 2017-05-09 The Texas A&M University System Diastolic recoil method and device for treatment of cardiac pathologies
US9833318B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2017-12-05 The Texas A&M University System Self-expanding heart assist device
US9833551B2 (en) 2015-04-29 2017-12-05 The Texas A&M University System Fully implantable direct cardiac and aortic compression device
US10507271B2 (en) 2016-06-23 2019-12-17 Corinnova Incorporated Fully implantable direct myocardium assist device
US11383076B2 (en) 2020-10-01 2022-07-12 Lifebridge Technologies, Llc Pump regulation based on heart size and function
US11410576B2 (en) 2014-11-18 2022-08-09 Maximum Fidelity Surgical Simulations, LLC Post mortem reconstitution of circulation
US11511102B2 (en) 2004-06-17 2022-11-29 The Texas A&M University System Cardiac compression device having passive and active chambers
US11716989B2 (en) 2019-04-16 2023-08-08 Maximum Fidelity Surgical Simulations, LLC Cadaver preservation systems and methods
US11896812B1 (en) 2023-01-27 2024-02-13 Lifebridge Technologies Llc Versatile modular heart pump for non-blood contacting ventricular function augmentation
US11915610B2 (en) 2019-05-15 2024-02-27 Maximum Fidelity Surgical Simulations, LLC Cadaverous heart model

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US2917751A (en) * 1956-04-10 1959-12-22 Interscience Res Corp Mechanical heart
US2806432A (en) * 1956-04-16 1957-09-17 Jerry R Brooks Solenoid pump
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Cited By (70)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3279464A (en) * 1963-12-30 1966-10-18 Univ Iowa State Res Found Inc Myocardial prosthetic device
US3292548A (en) * 1965-01-21 1966-12-20 Eckerle Suction pump unit for oil supply installations
US3449767A (en) * 1965-09-24 1969-06-17 North American Rockwell Artificial heart regulating system
US3376863A (en) * 1966-02-09 1968-04-09 Health Education Welfare Usa Biventricular cardiac assister
US3433983A (en) * 1966-11-14 1969-03-18 United Aircraft Corp Electromagnetic actuator
US3455298A (en) * 1967-04-10 1969-07-15 George L Anstadt Instrument for direct mechanical cardiac massage
US3502026A (en) * 1968-01-15 1970-03-24 Akira Toyoda Electromagnetic pump
FR2321266A1 (en) * 1975-08-20 1977-03-18 Guiset Jacques Pressure applying cardiac prosthesis - comprises hollow sleeve with deformable faces bearing against surfaces of heart
US4427470A (en) 1981-09-01 1984-01-24 University Of Utah Vacuum molding technique for manufacturing a ventricular assist device
US4838889A (en) * 1981-09-01 1989-06-13 University Of Utah Research Foundation Ventricular assist device and method of manufacture
US4473423A (en) * 1982-05-03 1984-09-25 University Of Utah Artificial heart valve made by vacuum forming technique
FR2581879A2 (en) * 1983-04-15 1986-11-21 Mariani Antoine Auxiliary artificial heart
US4794915A (en) * 1984-12-24 1989-01-03 Isg/Ag Method for inducing uterine activity through nipple stimulation
US4690134A (en) * 1985-07-01 1987-09-01 Snyders Robert V Ventricular assist device
US5049126A (en) * 1990-02-16 1991-09-17 Isg/Ag Breast pump with nipple stimulating insert
US5119804A (en) * 1990-11-19 1992-06-09 Anstadt George L Heart massage apparatus
WO1993014734A1 (en) * 1992-01-31 1993-08-05 Medtronic, Inc. Cardiac assist apparatus
US5558617A (en) * 1992-07-28 1996-09-24 Vascor, Inc. Cardiac compression band-stay-pad assembly and method of replacing the same
US5383840A (en) * 1992-07-28 1995-01-24 Vascor, Inc. Biocompatible ventricular assist and arrhythmia control device including cardiac compression band-stay-pad assembly
US5843129A (en) * 1992-08-06 1998-12-01 Electric Boat Corporation Electrical circuit for equipment requiring redundant flow paths and method of use
US5676651A (en) * 1992-08-06 1997-10-14 Electric Boat Corporation Surgically implantable pump arrangement and method for pumping body fluids
US5676162A (en) * 1992-08-06 1997-10-14 Electric Boat Corporation Reciprocating pump and linear motor arrangement
US5693091A (en) * 1992-08-06 1997-12-02 Electric Boat Corporation Artificial heart and method of maintaining blood flow
US5702430A (en) * 1992-08-06 1997-12-30 Electric Boat Corporation Surgically implantable power supply
US5722429A (en) * 1992-08-06 1998-03-03 Electric Boat Corporation Connecting arrangement for medical device
US5879375A (en) * 1992-08-06 1999-03-09 Electric Boat Corporation Implantable device monitoring arrangement and method
US5758666A (en) * 1992-08-06 1998-06-02 Electric Boat Corporation Reciprocating pump with imperforate piston
US5749839A (en) * 1994-08-18 1998-05-12 Duke University Direct mechanical bi-ventricular cardiac assist device
US5738627A (en) * 1994-08-18 1998-04-14 Duke University Bi-ventricular cardiac assist device
US6238334B1 (en) 1997-11-03 2001-05-29 Cardio Technologies, Inc. Method and apparatus for assisting a heart to pump blood
US5941847A (en) * 1998-02-06 1999-08-24 Medela Holding Ag Breast shield with vacuum isolation element
US6464655B1 (en) 1999-03-17 2002-10-15 Environmental Robots, Inc. Electrically-controllable multi-fingered resilient heart compression devices
US6749582B2 (en) 2002-04-30 2004-06-15 The First Years Inc. Pumping breast milk
US8591458B2 (en) 2002-04-30 2013-11-26 Tomy International, Inc. Pumping breast milk
US20050004420A1 (en) * 2003-06-18 2005-01-06 The Texas A&M University System Device for proactive modulation of cardiac strain patterns
WO2004112867A1 (en) 2003-06-18 2004-12-29 The Texas A & M University System Device for proactive modulation of cardiac strain patterns
US8187160B2 (en) 2003-06-18 2012-05-29 The Texas A&M University System Device for proactive modulation of cardiac strain patterns
US7445593B2 (en) 2003-06-18 2008-11-04 The Texas A&M University System Device for proactive modulation of cardiac strain patterns
US20090036730A1 (en) * 2003-06-18 2009-02-05 The Texas A&M University System Device for Proactive Modulation of Cardiac Strain Patterns
US7494459B2 (en) 2003-06-26 2009-02-24 Biophan Technologies, Inc. Sensor-equipped and algorithm-controlled direct mechanical ventricular assist device
US20050234289A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2005-10-20 Anstadt Mark P Therapeutic agent delivery apparatus with direct mechanical ventricular assistance capability
US20060142634A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2006-06-29 Advanced Resuscitation, Llc Sensor-equipped and algorithm controlled direct mechanical ventricular assist device
US20040267086A1 (en) * 2003-06-26 2004-12-30 Anstadt Mark P. Sensor-equipped and algorithm-controlled direct mechanical ventricular assist device
US8079975B2 (en) 2004-04-30 2011-12-20 The First Years Inc. Pump apparatus
US20080243061A1 (en) * 2004-04-30 2008-10-02 Britto James J Pump apparatus
US11511102B2 (en) 2004-06-17 2022-11-29 The Texas A&M University System Cardiac compression device having passive and active chambers
US9510746B2 (en) 2004-06-17 2016-12-06 The Texas A&M University System Deployment methods and mechanisms for minimally invasive implantation of heart contacting cardiac devices
US7871366B2 (en) 2005-04-06 2011-01-18 The Texas A&M University System Device for the modulation of cardiac end diastolic volume
US7935045B2 (en) 2005-04-06 2011-05-03 The Texas A&M University System Device for proactive modulation of cardiac strain patterns
US20080021260A1 (en) * 2005-04-06 2008-01-24 The Texas A&M University System Device for the Modulation of Cardiac End Diastolic Volume
US20070260108A1 (en) * 2005-04-06 2007-11-08 The Texas A&M University System Device for proactive modulation of cardiac strain patterns
US20100152523A1 (en) * 2005-11-28 2010-06-17 Myocardiocare, Inc. Method and Apparatus for Minimally Invasive Direct Mechanical Ventricular Actuation
US20090177028A1 (en) * 2008-01-04 2009-07-09 Anthony John White Non-blood contact cardiac compression device, for augmentation of cardiac function by timed cyclic tensioning of elastic cords in an epicardial location
US8900182B2 (en) 2009-01-16 2014-12-02 Tomy International, Inc. Breast pump and method of use
US8398584B2 (en) 2009-01-16 2013-03-19 Learning Curve Brands, Inc. Breast pump and method of use
US10398556B2 (en) 2009-07-22 2019-09-03 Corinnova Incorporated Diastolic recoil method and device for treatment of cardiac pathologies
US20110060181A1 (en) * 2009-07-22 2011-03-10 The Texas A&M University System Biphasic and Dynamic Adjustable Support Devices and Methods with Assist and Recoil Capabilities for Treatment of Cardiac Pathologies
US9259520B2 (en) 2009-07-22 2016-02-16 The Texas A&M University System Biphasic and dynamic adjustable support devices and methods with assist and recoil capabilities for treatment of cardiac pathologies
US20110021864A1 (en) * 2009-07-22 2011-01-27 The Texas A&M University System Biphasic and Dynamic Adjustable Support Devices and Methods with Assist and Recoil Capabilities for Treatment of Cardiac Pathologies
US9642957B2 (en) 2009-07-22 2017-05-09 The Texas A&M University System Diastolic recoil method and device for treatment of cardiac pathologies
US8944986B2 (en) 2009-07-22 2015-02-03 The Texas A&M University System Biphasic and dynamic adjustable support devices and methods with assist and recoil capabilities for treatment of cardiac pathologies
US20110196189A1 (en) * 2010-02-09 2011-08-11 Myocardiocare, Inc. Extra-cardiac differential ventricular actuation by inertial and baric partitioning
US11410576B2 (en) 2014-11-18 2022-08-09 Maximum Fidelity Surgical Simulations, LLC Post mortem reconstitution of circulation
US9833551B2 (en) 2015-04-29 2017-12-05 The Texas A&M University System Fully implantable direct cardiac and aortic compression device
US9833318B2 (en) 2015-07-15 2017-12-05 The Texas A&M University System Self-expanding heart assist device
US10507271B2 (en) 2016-06-23 2019-12-17 Corinnova Incorporated Fully implantable direct myocardium assist device
US11716989B2 (en) 2019-04-16 2023-08-08 Maximum Fidelity Surgical Simulations, LLC Cadaver preservation systems and methods
US11915610B2 (en) 2019-05-15 2024-02-27 Maximum Fidelity Surgical Simulations, LLC Cadaverous heart model
US11383076B2 (en) 2020-10-01 2022-07-12 Lifebridge Technologies, Llc Pump regulation based on heart size and function
US11896812B1 (en) 2023-01-27 2024-02-13 Lifebridge Technologies Llc Versatile modular heart pump for non-blood contacting ventricular function augmentation

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