US3257348A - Polyvinyl alcohol composition with phosphate esters of ethoxylated alkyl phenols and polyoxyethylene aryl ether - Google Patents
Polyvinyl alcohol composition with phosphate esters of ethoxylated alkyl phenols and polyoxyethylene aryl ether Download PDFInfo
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- US3257348A US3257348A US251630A US25163063A US3257348A US 3257348 A US3257348 A US 3257348A US 251630 A US251630 A US 251630A US 25163063 A US25163063 A US 25163063A US 3257348 A US3257348 A US 3257348A
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- polyvinyl alcohol
- phosphate esters
- aryl ether
- ethoxylated
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
- C08K5/06—Ethers; Acetals; Ketals; Ortho-esters
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
- C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
- C08K5/49—Phosphorus-containing compounds
- C08K5/51—Phosphorus bound to oxygen
- C08K5/52—Phosphorus bound to oxygen only
- C08K5/521—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4
- C08K5/523—Esters of phosphoric acids, e.g. of H3PO4 with hydroxyaryl compounds
Definitions
- This invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol composition having improved resistance to chlorine-containing bleaches. More particularly, the invention concerns soluble polyvinyl alcohol film suitable for the packaging of chlorine-containing bleaches.
- Water soluble polyvinyl alcohol films have come into extensive use for the packaging of commercial and household detergents, soaps, disinfectant preparations, laundry starch and bluing, and like products. Such films are conventionally prepared by casting or extruding into lm thicknesses, mixtures of polyvinyl alcohol and suitable plasticizers and fillers. While :the known soluble polyvinyl alcohol films have proved suitable for packaging the type of products mentioned, they have evinced undesirable characteristics when attempts have been made to employ them for prepackaging of chlorine-containing dry bleaches. These undesirable characteristics have included instability and deterioration of the film in contact with the bleaching agent, and a loss of cold water solubility and of flexibility at low temperatures. Accordingly, there has existed a need for a water soluble polyvinyl alcohol which would be suitable for packaging of chlorine-containing bleaches and which would possess stability toward the bleach, outstanding cold water solubility, stability toward aging, and durability at low temperatures.
- a polyvinyl alcohol composition having improved resistance to chlorine-containing bleaches, and which in film form is especially suited for the packaging of such bleaches.
- the polyvinyl alcohol which is employed for packaging chlorine-containing bleaches, in accordance with the invention is one which is characterized as cold water sensitive, by which is meant that the polyvinyl alcohol tends to soften or swell in cold water, although not necessarily to dissolve completely.
- cold water is meant water at a temperature up to about 90 F.
- a suitable packaging film would be one which, when made into a plastic bag, and filled with a given material, will release its contents in about -1 minute or less when immersed in' water at a temperature of about 90-100 F.
- the polyvinyl alcohol composition of the invention which combines the foregoing cold water sensitivity or solubility characteristics with resistance toward chlorinecontaining dry bleaches comprises an incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, together with from about to about 30 percent by wei-ght, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, of a polyoxyethylene aryl ether.
- composition there may also be included in the composition from about 5 to about 50 percent by weight, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, of a plasticizing'agent, for example, an alkali metal salt of mixed phosphate esters of an ethox-
- a plasticizing'agent for example, an alkali metal salt of mixed phosphate esters of an ethox-
- the preferred polyvinyl alcohol i-s a 75 to 90% hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate product of medium molecular weight and medium viscosity.
- a polyvinyl alcohol of this type, about 80 ⁇ 83 hydrolyzed, is sold commercially under the designation Vinol 624 by Air Reduction Chemical and Carbide Company.
- the polyoxyethylene aryl ether appears itself to perform a plasticizing function. It is preferably an ethoxylation product of phenol or substituted phenol. Ethoxylated 3,257,348 Patented June 21, 1966 ICC phenol of the type sold commercially under the designation Pycal 94 by Atlas Chemical Industries, is the preferred type of purposes of the invention.
- the alkali metal salts of mixed phosphate esters of an ethoxylated higher phenol form a class of plasticizers which is prepared by the neutralization of an approximately equimolecular mixture of the monoand di-phosphate esters of ethoxylated higher alkyl phenols.
- the preferred compound of this class for the pur-poses of the invention is the sodium salt of a mixture of ethoxylated nonylphenol phosphates, which is sold commercially under v the designation Gafac LO 529 by Antara Chemicals Division of General Aniline and Film Corporation.
- a cold water' sensitive polyvinyl alcohol film composition of the invention is yprepared by dissolving the resin in water, adding one or both plasticizers to the solution and agitating until the mixture forms a homogeneous liquid, and casting or extruding the liquid into a film, in accordance with conventional procedures in this art.
- Film thickness can range from 0.5 to 10 mils.
- polyvinyl alcohol compositions of the invention have the following typical properties:
- the polyvinyl alcohol lm compositions of the invention exhibit outstanding stability ltoward conventionally used dry bleaching agents such as potassium dichloroisocyanurate.
- the inventionA thus enables packets containing household bleachesto be prepared, which will provide premeasured amounts of the bleach, which will not lose their water solubility characteristics upon storage, and which will protect the contents of lthe packet from exposure to the atmosphere.
- Example 1 500 lb. of a medium molecular weight, incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol are added to gallons of soft water in a high-speed mixing tank and mixed f-or 45 minutes at 280 r.p.m. Then there are added 75 lb. of ethoxylated phenol (Pycal 94) and 105 lb. of the sodium salt of a mixture of ethoxylated nonylphenonl phosphates, and the mixture is agitated for another l5 minutes. The mixing temperatures are to 205 F.
- a preferred embodiment of the invention is prepared as described in ⁇ Example 1, employing 100 parts by weight of medium molecular vweight approximately 80-83% hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (Vinol 624), parts by weight of ethoxylated phenol (Pycal 94), and 21 parts by weight of the sodium salt of a mixture of ethoxylated nonylphenol phosphates (Gafac LO-529).
- the product showed a high resistance to a chlorinecontaining bleach, potassium dichloroisocyanurate, on
- Example 3 100 parts by weight of a medium molecular weight approximately iiD-83% hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (Vinol 624) and parts by weight of ethoxylated phenol (Pycal 94) were added to 30 gallons of water and processed as described in Example 1. The product, when converted to ilm, showed la high resistance to a chlorine-containing bleach on aging for days at 120 F. and 50% relative humidity, developing a residue of ony 4.5% (see curve IV of the drawing).
- Vinol 624 medium molecular weight approximately iiD-83% hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol
- Pycal 94 ethoxylated phenol
- a polyvinyl alcohol film forming composition which is resistant to chlorine-containing bleaches, comprising an incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, and, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, from about 5% to about 30% of a polyoxyethylene aryl ether, and from about 5% :to about 50% of an alkali metal salt of mixed phosphate esters of an ethoxylated higher alkyl phenol.
- a cold water sensitive polyvinyl alcohol tilm forming composition which is resistant to chlorine-containing bleaches, comprising an incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl Ialcohol, and, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, from about 5% to about 30% of ethoxylated phenol, and from about 5% to about 50% of the sodium salt of a mixture of ethoxylated nonylphenol phosphates.
- a polyvinyl alcohol film soluble in water having a temperature up to about F. and which is resistant to chlorine-containing bleaches, comprising parts by weight of a medium molecular weight approximately 80% to 83% hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, about 15 parts by weight of ethoxylated phenol, and about 2l parts by weight of the sodium salt of a mixture of ethoxylated nonylphenol phosphates.
- a polyvinyl alcohol film forming composition which is resistant to chlorine-containing bleaches, comprising an incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, and, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, from about 5% to about 30% of a polyoxyethylene aryl ether and an amount of an alkali metal salt of mixed phosphate esters of an ethoxylated higher alkyl phenol sutlicient to plasticize said composition.
- Process for the preparation of a cold water sensitive polyvinyl alcohol lm forming composition which is resistant to chlorine-containing bleaches cornprises the steps of dissolving an incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol in water, adding to the ⁇ resulting solution, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, from about 5% to about 30% by weight of a polyoxyethylene aryl ether, and an amount of an alkali metal salt of mixed phosphate esters of an ethoxylated higher alkyl phenol sufficient to plasticize said composition, and agitating the mixture at a temper-ature between about and 205 F., and deaerating .the mixture.
- Process for the prepara-tion of a cold water sensiltive polyvinyl alcohol ilm forming -composition which is resistant to chlorine-containing bleaches which comprises the steps of dissolving an incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl 4alcohol in water, adding to the resulting solution based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, from abou-t 5% t-o about 30% of a polyoxyethylene aryl ether, and from about 5% to about 50% of an alkali metal salt of mixed phosphate esters of an ethoxylated higher alkylphenol, agitating the mixture at a temperature between about l90 and 205 F., and deaerating the mixture.
Description
June 21, 1966 c. F. EPEs ETAL 3,257,348
POLYVINYL ALCOHOL COMPOSITION WITH PHOSPHATE ESTERS OF ETHOXYLATED ALKYL PHENOLS AND POLYOXYETHYLENE ARYL ETHER Filed Jan. l5, 1963 PER CENT RESIDUE UOOo'; H2O SMINUTES AGITATION m O IO 2O BO 40 50 SO STORAGE TIME IN DAYS I205 507o RELATIVE HUMIDTTY INVENTORS BY ALEXANDER IMARSH ATT ylated higher alkyl phenol.
United States Patent O POLYVINYL ALCOHOL COMPOSITION WITH PHOSIHATE ESTERS OF ETHOXYLATED ALKYL PHENOLS AND POLYOXYETHYL- ENlE ARYL ETHER Campbell F. Epes and Leonard R. Corazz, Waynesboro, and Alexander J. Marsh, Harrisonburg, Va., assgnors to Reynolds Metals Company, Richmond, Va., a corporation of Delaware Filed Jan. 1S, 1963, Ser. No. 251,630 9 Claims. (Cl. 260-29.6)
This invention relates to a polyvinyl alcohol composition having improved resistance to chlorine-containing bleaches. More particularly, the invention concerns soluble polyvinyl alcohol film suitable for the packaging of chlorine-containing bleaches.
Water soluble polyvinyl alcohol films have come into extensive use for the packaging of commercial and household detergents, soaps, disinfectant preparations, laundry starch and bluing, and like products. Such films are conventionally prepared by casting or extruding into lm thicknesses, mixtures of polyvinyl alcohol and suitable plasticizers and fillers. While :the known soluble polyvinyl alcohol films have proved suitable for packaging the type of products mentioned, they have evinced undesirable characteristics when attempts have been made to employ them for prepackaging of chlorine-containing dry bleaches. These undesirable characteristics have included instability and deterioration of the film in contact with the bleaching agent, and a loss of cold water solubility and of flexibility at low temperatures. Accordingly, there has existed a need for a water soluble polyvinyl alcohol which would be suitable for packaging of chlorine-containing bleaches and which would possess stability toward the bleach, outstanding cold water solubility, stability toward aging, and durability at low temperatures.
In accordance with the present invention, there is provided a polyvinyl alcohol composition having improved resistance to chlorine-containing bleaches, and which in film form is especially suited for the packaging of such bleaches. The polyvinyl alcohol which is employed for packaging chlorine-containing bleaches, in accordance with the invention, is one which is characterized as cold water sensitive, by which is meant that the polyvinyl alcohol tends to soften or swell in cold water, although not necessarily to dissolve completely. By cold water is meant water at a temperature up to about 90 F. Thus, for practical purposes a suitable packaging film would be one which, when made into a plastic bag, and filled with a given material, will release its contents in about -1 minute or less when immersed in' water at a temperature of about 90-100 F.
The polyvinyl alcohol composition of the invention, which combines the foregoing cold water sensitivity or solubility characteristics with resistance toward chlorinecontaining dry bleaches comprises an incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, together with from about to about 30 percent by wei-ght, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, of a polyoxyethylene aryl ether. There may also be included in the composition from about 5 to about 50 percent by weight, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, of a plasticizing'agent, for example, an alkali metal salt of mixed phosphate esters of an ethox- The preferred polyvinyl alcohol i-s a 75 to 90% hydrolyzed polyvinyl acetate product of medium molecular weight and medium viscosity. A polyvinyl alcohol of this type, about 80`83 hydrolyzed, is sold commercially under the designation Vinol 624 by Air Reduction Chemical and Carbide Company.
The polyoxyethylene aryl ether appears itself to perform a plasticizing function. It is preferably an ethoxylation product of phenol or substituted phenol. Ethoxylated 3,257,348 Patented June 21, 1966 ICC phenol of the type sold commercially under the designation Pycal 94 by Atlas Chemical Industries, is the preferred type of purposes of the invention.
The alkali metal salts of mixed phosphate esters of an ethoxylated higher phenol form a class of plasticizers which is prepared by the neutralization of an approximately equimolecular mixture of the monoand di-phosphate esters of ethoxylated higher alkyl phenols. The preferred compound of this class for the pur-poses of the invention is the sodium salt of a mixture of ethoxylated nonylphenol phosphates, which is sold commercially under v the designation Gafac LO 529 by Antara Chemicals Division of General Aniline and Film Corporation.
A cold water' sensitive polyvinyl alcohol film composition of the invention is yprepared by dissolving the resin in water, adding one or both plasticizers to the solution and agitating until the mixture forms a homogeneous liquid, and casting or extruding the liquid into a film, in accordance with conventional procedures in this art. Film thickness can range from 0.5 to 10 mils.
The polyvinyl alcohol compositions of the invention have the following typical properties:
Film thickness (mils) 1.5 Yield (sq. yds. per lb.) 105-13.0 vTensile strength (psi.) 4,500-8,500 -Moisture content (percent) 2.5-4.5
100% modulus (force required to double the length) 1,500-4,000
Elongation (percent) 300-600 Heat seal temperature, F S30-400 Solution behavior F. water) Agitated:
Time for complete solution (sec.) -150 Time for package rupture (sec.) 20-40 Static:
Time for package rupture (sec.) 20-40 The polyvinyl alcohol lm compositions of the invention exhibit outstanding stability ltoward conventionally used dry bleaching agents such as potassium dichloroisocyanurate.
The inventionA thus enables packets containing household bleachesto be prepared, which will provide premeasured amounts of the bleach, which will not lose their water solubility characteristics upon storage, and which will protect the contents of lthe packet from exposure to the atmosphere.
The outstanding unexpected stability toward chlorine-4 containing bleaches of packets made with polyvinyl al- Acohol film of the invention `is clearly demonstrated in the curves of the accompanying drawing. The curves indicate the rate of development of insoluble residue in packets containing a household type chlorine dry bleach, 15% potassium dichloroisocyanurate, which were aged under accelerated conditions at F. and 50% relative humidity. Under these conditions, packets made with the film of the invention (curves I and IV) required 35 to 60 days to develop about 5 percent residue, while two other commercial films (II and III) tested showed the same degree of insolubilization in only 8 to 15 days.
The preparation of the polyvinyl alcohol films of the invention is illustrated by the following examples:
Example 1 500 lb. of a medium molecular weight, incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol are added to gallons of soft water in a high-speed mixing tank and mixed f-or 45 minutes at 280 r.p.m. Then there are added 75 lb. of ethoxylated phenol (Pycal 94) and 105 lb. of the sodium salt of a mixture of ethoxylated nonylphenonl phosphates, and the mixture is agitated for another l5 minutes. The mixing temperatures are to 205 F. The batch is then pumped to a holding tank for blending and deaera- Example 2 A preferred embodiment of the invention is prepared as described in` Example 1, employing 100 parts by weight of medium molecular vweight approximately 80-83% hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (Vinol 624), parts by weight of ethoxylated phenol (Pycal 94), and 21 parts by weight of the sodium salt of a mixture of ethoxylated nonylphenol phosphates (Gafac LO-529).
The product showed a high resistance to a chlorinecontaining bleach, potassium dichloroisocyanurate, on
aging for 30 days at 120 F. and 50% relative humidity, developing a residue of only 3.5% (see curve I of the drawing).
Example 3 100 parts by weight of a medium molecular weight approximately iiD-83% hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol (Vinol 624) and parts by weight of ethoxylated phenol (Pycal 94) were added to 30 gallons of water and processed as described in Example 1. The product, when converted to ilm, showed la high resistance to a chlorine-containing bleach on aging for days at 120 F. and 50% relative humidity, developing a residue of ony 4.5% (see curve IV of the drawing).
While presen-t preferred embodiments of the invention have been described herein, the invention may be otherwise variously embodied and practiced within the scope of the following claims.
What is claimed is:
1. A polyvinyl alcohol film forming composition which is resistant to chlorine-containing bleaches, comprising an incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, and, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, from about 5% to about 30% of a polyoxyethylene aryl ether, and from about 5% :to about 50% of an alkali metal salt of mixed phosphate esters of an ethoxylated higher alkyl phenol.
2. A cold water sensitive polyvinyl alcohol tilm forming composition which is resistant to chlorine-containing bleaches, comprising an incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl Ialcohol, and, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, from about 5% to about 30% of ethoxylated phenol, and from about 5% to about 50% of the sodium salt of a mixture of ethoxylated nonylphenol phosphates.
3. A polyvinyl alcohol iilm soluble in water having a temperature up .to about 90 F. and which is resistant .to chlorine-containing bleaches, comprising an incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, and, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, from about 5% to about 30% of a polyoxyethylene aryl ether, and from about 5%v to 4about 50% of an -alkali metal salt of mixed phosphate esters of an ethoxylated higher alkyl phenol.
4. A polyvinyl alcohol film soluble in water having a temperature up to about 90 F. and which is resistant to `chlorine-containing bleaches,
comprising a medium molecular weight to 90% hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, and, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, from about 5% to about 30% of ethoxylated phenol, and from about 5% to about 50% of 4the sodium salt of a mixture of ethoxylated nonylphenol phosphates.
5. A polyvinyl alcohol film soluble in water having a temperature up to about F. and which is resistant to chlorine-containing bleaches, comprising parts by weight of a medium molecular weight approximately 80% to 83% hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, about 15 parts by weight of ethoxylated phenol, and about 2l parts by weight of the sodium salt of a mixture of ethoxylated nonylphenol phosphates.
6. A polyvinyl alcohol film forming composition which is resistant to chlorine-containing bleaches, comprising an incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol, and, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, from about 5% to about 30% of a polyoxyethylene aryl ether and an amount of an alkali metal salt of mixed phosphate esters of an ethoxylated higher alkyl phenol sutlicient to plasticize said composition.
7. Process for the preparation of a cold water sensitive polyvinyl alcohol lm forming composition which is resistant to chlorine-containing bleaches, which cornprises the steps of dissolving an incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl alcohol in water, adding to the `resulting solution, based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, from about 5% to about 30% by weight of a polyoxyethylene aryl ether, and an amount of an alkali metal salt of mixed phosphate esters of an ethoxylated higher alkyl phenol sufficient to plasticize said composition, and agitating the mixture at a temper-ature between about and 205 F., and deaerating .the mixture.
8. Process for the prepara-tion of a cold water sensiltive polyvinyl alcohol ilm forming -composition which is resistant to chlorine-containing bleaches, which comprises the steps of dissolving an incompletely hydrolyzed polyvinyl 4alcohol in water, adding to the resulting solution based upon the weight of the polyvinyl alcohol, from abou-t 5% t-o about 30% of a polyoxyethylene aryl ether, and from about 5% to about 50% of an alkali metal salt of mixed phosphate esters of an ethoxylated higher alkylphenol, agitating the mixture at a temperature between about l90 and 205 F., and deaerating the mixture.
9. The process of claim 8 in which the polyvinyl alcohol composition is cast in lm form and dried.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,448,358 8/1948 Dangelmajer 260-29.6 2,948,697 r 8/ 1960 Robertson 26029.6 3,087,920 4/1963 Suzumura et al. 260-29.6
OTHER REFERENCES Pycal Plasticizers in Polyvinyl Acetate Emulsion Adhesives, Atlas Chemical Corporation Technical Bulletin, Wilmington 99, Del.`
MURRAY TILLMAN, Primary Examiner.
l. LIEBERMAN, Assistant Examiner.
Claims (1)
1. A POLYVINYL ALCOHOL FILM FORMING COMPOSITION WHICH IS RESISTANT TO CHLORINE-CONTAINING BLEACHES, COMPRISING AN INCOMPLETELY HYDROLYZED POLYVINYL ALCOHOL, AND BASED UPON THE WEIGHT OF THE POLYVINYL ALCOHOL FROM ABOUT 5% TO ABOUT 30% OF A POLYOXYETHYLENE ARYL ETHER, AND FROM ABOUT 5% TO ABOUT 50% OF AN ALKALI METAL SALT OF MIXED PHOSPHATE ESTERS OF AN ETHOXYLATED HIGHER ALKYL PHENOL.
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US251630A US3257348A (en) | 1963-01-15 | 1963-01-15 | Polyvinyl alcohol composition with phosphate esters of ethoxylated alkyl phenols and polyoxyethylene aryl ether |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US251630A US3257348A (en) | 1963-01-15 | 1963-01-15 | Polyvinyl alcohol composition with phosphate esters of ethoxylated alkyl phenols and polyoxyethylene aryl ether |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3257348A true US3257348A (en) | 1966-06-21 |
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| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US251630A Expired - Lifetime US3257348A (en) | 1963-01-15 | 1963-01-15 | Polyvinyl alcohol composition with phosphate esters of ethoxylated alkyl phenols and polyoxyethylene aryl ether |
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| US (1) | US3257348A (en) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3363690A (en) * | 1965-05-10 | 1968-01-16 | Union Oil Co | Method and composition for treating subterranean formations |
| US3505270A (en) * | 1966-06-03 | 1970-04-07 | Swift & Co | Manufacture of paper products |
| US4440830A (en) * | 1981-04-16 | 1984-04-03 | Wempe Lawrence K | Substrates coated with release composition based on polyvinyl alcohol and composites with pressure sensitive adhesives |
| US4536532A (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1985-08-20 | Miller Gerald W | Plasticized polyvinyl alcohol compositions, forming process and formed articles |
| US4672087A (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1987-06-09 | Miller Gerald W | Plasticized polyvinyl alcohol compositions, forming process and formed articles |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2448358A (en) * | 1944-11-27 | 1948-08-31 | Resistoflex Corp | Plasticized polyvinyl alcohol compositions |
| US2948697A (en) * | 1958-04-23 | 1960-08-09 | Du Pont | Plasticized polyvinyl alcohol composition |
| US3087920A (en) * | 1959-10-12 | 1963-04-30 | Kurashiki Rayon Co | Cold-water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol |
-
1963
- 1963-01-15 US US251630A patent/US3257348A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2448358A (en) * | 1944-11-27 | 1948-08-31 | Resistoflex Corp | Plasticized polyvinyl alcohol compositions |
| US2948697A (en) * | 1958-04-23 | 1960-08-09 | Du Pont | Plasticized polyvinyl alcohol composition |
| US3087920A (en) * | 1959-10-12 | 1963-04-30 | Kurashiki Rayon Co | Cold-water-soluble polyvinyl alcohol |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3363690A (en) * | 1965-05-10 | 1968-01-16 | Union Oil Co | Method and composition for treating subterranean formations |
| US3505270A (en) * | 1966-06-03 | 1970-04-07 | Swift & Co | Manufacture of paper products |
| US4440830A (en) * | 1981-04-16 | 1984-04-03 | Wempe Lawrence K | Substrates coated with release composition based on polyvinyl alcohol and composites with pressure sensitive adhesives |
| US4536532A (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1985-08-20 | Miller Gerald W | Plasticized polyvinyl alcohol compositions, forming process and formed articles |
| US4672087A (en) * | 1982-05-27 | 1987-06-09 | Miller Gerald W | Plasticized polyvinyl alcohol compositions, forming process and formed articles |
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