US3277564A - Method of simultaneously forming a plurality of filaments - Google Patents

Method of simultaneously forming a plurality of filaments Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3277564A
US3277564A US463759A US46375965A US3277564A US 3277564 A US3277564 A US 3277564A US 463759 A US463759 A US 463759A US 46375965 A US46375965 A US 46375965A US 3277564 A US3277564 A US 3277564A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
filaments
diameter
inch
sheath
elements
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US463759A
Inventor
Harold H Webber
Albert H Wilson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Roehr Products Co Inc
Original Assignee
Roehr Products Co Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Roehr Products Co Inc filed Critical Roehr Products Co Inc
Priority to US463759A priority Critical patent/US3277564A/en
Priority to BE682485D priority patent/BE682485A/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3277564A publication Critical patent/US3277564A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21C—MANUFACTURE OF METAL SHEETS, WIRE, RODS, TUBES OR PROFILES, OTHERWISE THAN BY ROLLING; AUXILIARY OPERATIONS USED IN CONNECTION WITH METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL
    • B21C37/00—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape
    • B21C37/04—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire
    • B21C37/047—Manufacture of metal sheets, bars, wire, tubes or like semi-manufactured products, not otherwise provided for; Manufacture of tubes of special shape of bars or wire of fine wires
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S57/00—Textiles: spinning, twisting, and twining
    • Y10S57/901—Antistatic
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S72/00—Metal deforming
    • Y10S72/70—Deforming specified alloys or uncommon metal or bimetallic work
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/49014—Superconductor
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49002—Electrical device making
    • Y10T29/4902—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor
    • Y10T29/49075—Electromagnet, transformer or inductor including permanent magnet or core
    • Y10T29/49078—Laminated
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49616—Structural member making
    • Y10T29/49622—Vehicular structural member making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49789—Obtaining plural product pieces from unitary workpiece
    • Y10T29/49798—Dividing sequentially from leading end, e.g., by cutting or breaking
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49801—Shaping fiber or fibered material
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/4981—Utilizing transitory attached element or associated separate material

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the forming of filaments and in particular to the simultaneous forming of a plurality of fine filaments having a diameter of approximately 10 microns or below.
  • filaments of this type having a diameter of approximately 4 microns or less have increased tensile strength substantially beyond the expected tensile strength as determined by Hookes law.
  • the present invention comprehends an improved process for producing such filaments at such low cost and thus makes available for the first time commercially practical high strength filaments of metal and the like for use in improved fabrics, cables, filter media, superconductive bodies, etc.
  • a principal feature of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved method of forming filaments.
  • Another feature of the invention is the provision of such a method of forming filaments at low cost.
  • a further feature of the invention is the provision of such method adapted to provide such filaments having a diameter of approximately microns and below and in substantial lengths such as approximately 50 feet and over.
  • Still another feature of the invention is the provision of such method of forming filaments providing controlled uniformity and non-uniformity of the filament diameter as desired.
  • Yet another feature of the invention is the method of forming laments providing unburnished metal yarn wherein the filament bundles may have a preselected twist for improved torque and balance characteristics.
  • a further feature of the invention is the provision of such a method adapted to provide filaments having controlled resistivity.
  • Still another feature of the invention is the provision of method of forming filaments including the steps of sheathing each of a plurality of elongated elements from which the filaments are to be formed with a material having physical characteristics differing from those of the elements when desired, bundling the sheathed elements in substantially parallel relationship, drawing the bundle to reduce the cros-s-section Iof the elements therein to a preselected lament cross-se-ction, and removing the sheathing material.
  • FIG. 1 is a transverse cross-section of a metal wire from which a filament may be formed in accordance with the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-section of the wire disposed within a coaxial sheath as in a first step of the method embodying the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-section of the wire and sheath assembly with the sheath reduced in diameter as in a subsequent step;
  • FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-section of the sheathed wire structure as reduced in diameter in a further subsequent step
  • FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-section of a plurality of sheathed Wire structures of FIG. 4 arranged within a further sheath to define 4a bundle;
  • FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-section of the bundle of FIG. 5 as reduced in diameter in a subsequent step
  • FIG. 7 is a transverse cross-section of a plurality of the reduced-diameter bundles of FIG. 6 disposed in a further sheath to define a bundle of said bundles;
  • FIG. 8 is a transverse cross-section of the bundle of FIG. 7 as reduced in diameter in a subsequent step
  • FIG. 9 is a transverse cross-section of a plurality of the reduceddameter bundles of FIG. 8 disposed in a further sheath to define a bundle. of said bundles;
  • FIG. 10 is a transverse cross-section of the bundle of FIG. 9 reduced in diameter in a subsequent step
  • FIG. 1l is a fragmentary diagrammatic vertical section of an apparatus for drawing the fila-ments in practicing the method embodying the invention
  • FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-section of a tank wherein the reduced diameter bundle of FIG. 10 is disposed to be acted upon by a suitable fluid within the tank to remove the sheath material from the bundle;
  • FIG. 13 is a tow of filaments embodying the invention.
  • a tow generally designated 10 of filaments 11 is formed by a process wherein a plurality of relatively large diameter wires 13 are constricted or otherwise reduced in diameter in a bundle arrangement so as to result in the individual filaments 11 being of extremely small diameter while yet of substantial length. More specifically, the invention comprehends the forming of metal filaments and the like having a diameter of approximately 10 microns more or less and down to under 1 micron if desired. Thus the invention may be employed in the formation of fine filaments including Whisker-type filaments where-in substantially single crystal diameters are provided.
  • the invention comprehends the provision of such fine filaments in Vsubstantial lengths such as approximately 50 feet and over whereas heretofore whiskers have been limited to relatively short lengths due to the presence of fracture points and the like occurring .in the known methods of formation thereof.
  • the present invention comprehends the forming of such fine filaments by constriction of a plurality lof wires and more specifically by successive drawing operations.
  • a wire 13 having a relatively large diameter such as over .05 inch is firstly encased in a sheath 14 of suitable matrix material.
  • the sheath may have an internal diameter slightly larger than the external diameter of the wire 13 to permit facilitated coaxial assembly thereof.
  • the filaments 11 may comprise metal filaments.
  • Examples of material of which the wire 13, and thus the filaments 11 may be formed by the present process comprise niobium, stainless steel, nickel, tungsten, iron, aluminum, carbon steel, and chrome nickel alloys, land other suitable drawable materials
  • the wire 13 may be suitably formed to have an originally small diameter by any suitable method including melt forming, foil slitting, electrodeposition, vapor phase deposition, chemical deposition, powder forging, and ⁇ suitable conventional wire forming processes. It is preferable that the wire 13 be relatively free of occlusions and the like to preclude formation of fracture points in the wire in the drawing process.
  • the wire may have any suitable cross-section including the circular cross-section illustrated in FIG. 1. Further, lthe wire may be longitudinally uniform in cross-section or may vary as desired.
  • the sheath 14 may be formed of a suitable matrix material which will act generally as a fluid medium under the pressures induced at the locality of the drawing dies.
  • suitable matrix material are metals such as copper and iron.
  • the sheath 14 is firstly constricted onto the wire 13 to lmake a tight physical bond between the sheath and the wire so that in subsequent drawing steps the sheath 14 remains fixed relative to the wire 13 and does not stretch thereover.
  • the assembly 15 of the wire 13 and thusly reduced sheath 14 is next drawn down through a suitable die such as die 16 illustrated in FIG. l1.
  • the assembly 15 is forced through the die by suitable pulling means diagrammatically illustrated at 17 in FIG. 11.
  • the resultant reduced-diameter sheathed wire generally designated 13 is illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • a plurality of sheathed wires 1S are next disposed within a sheath 19 formed of a suitable matrix material which may, but need not necessarily, comprise the same material as sheath 14. As shown in FIG. 5, the sheathed wires 18 may be uniformly distributed Within the sheath 19 where it is desired to obtain filaments 11 of generally uniform cross-section.
  • the bundle 20 of sheathed wires 18 in sheath 19 is then drawn down to define a reduced diameter bundle generally designated 21 as shown in FIG. 6.
  • the plurality of the reduced diameter bundles 21 may then be disposed within a further sheath 22 as shown in FIG. 7 to define a further bundle generally designated 23.
  • the bundle 23 may then be drawn down to define ⁇ a reduced diameter bundle generally designated 24 as shown in FIG 8.
  • a plurality of the reduced diameter bundles 24 may then be disposed within a further sheath 25 as shown in FIG. 9 to define a further bundle lgenerally designated 26.
  • the bundle 26 may then be drawn down, as shown in FIG. 10, to define a final reduced-diameter bundle generally designated 27.
  • the number of wires and bundles disposed within the bundling sheaths and the number of drawing steps may be varied as desired to obtain the desired resultant filament diameter; for facilitated illustration of invention we have shown three bundling and subsequent drawing steps with seven sheathed wires and bundles being disposed within the respective bundling sheaths, it being understood that more or less wires, bundles, and steps may be employed as desired.
  • the individual filaments 11 are obtained from the final bundle 27 by removing the matrix material which comprises the various sheaths employed in the drawing operation.
  • the respective constricting operations effected by the drawing steps cause the sheath material to substantially completely fill the voids between the wires so as to form a matrix extending substantially continuously in cross-section whereby each of the wires in the respective bundles is rmly ⁇ and positively supported by the matrix material during the drawing thereof through the drawing die 16.
  • the matrix material preferably comprises a material capable of acting in the manner of a fluid under the pressure induced at the drawing die so as to provide improved support of the wires during the drawing operation and thereby effectively preclude the formation of discontinuities in the respective wires.
  • the respective filaments 11 are subsequently made to comprise a filament tow by the removal of the matrix material in a subsequent step of the forming process.
  • the present invention comprehends the removal of the matrix material by suitably acting on the final bundle 27 to eliminate the matrix material while allowing the filaments to remain.
  • the invention comprehends the use of a matrix material which differs in physical characteristics from the wire material from which the filaments are formed (eg. the matrix and wire material may differ chemically) in such a manner as to permit the ready removal of the matrix material without substantially affecting the laments.
  • the sheath-matrix material may comprise, as indicated above, copper where the fifament material is stainless steel permitting the copper to be removed by treatment with suitable copper-dissolving acid, such as nitric acid, which leaves the stainless steel filaments substantially unaffected.
  • suitable copper-dissolving acid such as nitric acid
  • Other methods of rcmoval of the matrix may be employed with suitable matrix materials permitting the removal thereof such as by electrolysis, shock, melting, physical break-up as by chop ping and the like.
  • the bundle 27 is disposed in a suitable tank 2S containing a body 29 of solubilizing fluid such as nitric acid, the matrix material of ⁇ bundle 27 illustrated therein being copper and the filaments being stainless steel.
  • solubilizing fluid such as nitric acid
  • the individual filaments 11 define a tow 10 of stainless steel filaments as shown in FIG. 13, each lilament being separate of the other filaments and of preselected small diameter.
  • Example 1 A Wire 13 of type 302 hard drawn stainless steel having a diameter of .081 inch is inserted into a copper tube sheath 14 having a .125 inch outer diam eter and a wall thickness of .020 inch.
  • thc sheath is drawn down to an outer diameter of .109 inch.
  • the resultant sheathed wire 1S is then annealed at a temperature of approximately l800 F.
  • the reduced sheathed wire 18 is then subsequently drawn seriatim in a number of similar drawing and annealing steps until the final outer diameter of the sheath wire 18 is approximately .016 inch.
  • the .016 inch diameter sheathed wire 18 is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted into a copper sheath 19 having an outer diameter of approximately .125 inch and a wall thickness of approximately .O15 inch.
  • the sheath is then drawn down to an outer diameter of .109 inch and the assembly annealed at approximately 1800D F.
  • the resultant bundle 20 is then drawn down in successive steps including interposed annealing steps to an ultimate diameter of .016 inch.
  • the resultant reduced diameter ⁇ bundle 24 is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted in a copper sheath 26 similar to sheath 19.
  • the above steps are then repeated to again reduce the bundle to final diameter of .O40 inch wherein the individual wires have ⁇ been reduced in diameter to define filaments having a diameter of ⁇ approximately .0005 inch.
  • the final draw may be to a diameter of .032 inch to produce filaments of approximately .0004 inch diameter, or to a diameter of .028 inch to produce filaments of approximately .00032 inch diameter.
  • the matrix copper material is then dissolved in tank 28 with the nitric acid 29 being maintained at a temperature of approximately F.
  • Example 2 A stainless steel wire 13 having a diameter of .083 inch is inserted into a copper tube sheath 14 having a .125 outer diameter and a wall thickness of .020 inch. In the first step the sheath is drawn down to an outer diameter of .109 inch. The resultant sheathed wire 18 is then annealed at a temperature of approximately 1800 F. The reduced sheathed wire 18 is then subsequently drawn seriatim in a number of similar drawing and annealing steps until the final outer diameter of the sheathed wire 18 is approximately .016 inch.
  • the .016 inch diameter sheathed wire 18 is then cut into 7 pieces and inserted into a copper sheath 19 having an outer -diameter of approximately .072 inch and a wall thickness of approximately .009 inch.
  • the sheath is then drawn down to an outer diameter of .065 inch and the assembly is .annealed at approximately 1800 F.
  • the resultant bundle is then drawn down in successive steps, including interposed yannealing steps, to an ultimate diameter of .016 inch.
  • the resultant reduced diameter bundle 24 is then cut into 7 pieces and inserted in a suitable copper sheath 26 similar to sheath 19.
  • the above steps are then repeated to reduce the bundle to a final diameter of .016 inch wherein the individaul wires have been reduced in diameter to define filaments having :a diameter of approximately .00032 inch.
  • the final draw may be to a diameter of .032 inch to produce filaments of approximately .0047 inch diameter, or to a diameter of .025 inch to produce filaments of approximately .0004 inch diameter.
  • the matrix copper material is then dissolved in tank 28 with the nitric acid 29 being maintained at a temperature of approximately 120 F.
  • Example .S2-A wire 13 of type 302 hard drawn stainless steel wire having a diameter of .083 inch is inserted into a copper tube sheath 14 having a .125 inch outer diameter and a wall thickness of .020 inch. ln the first step the sheath is drawn down to an outer diameter of .109 inch. The resultant sheathed wire 18 is then annealed at a temperature of approximately 1800 F. The reduced sheathed wire 18 is then subsequently drawn seriatim' in a number of similar drawing and annealing steps until the final outer diameter of the sheathed wire 18 is approximately .025 inch.
  • the .025 inch diameter sheathed wire 18 is then cut into 37 pieces and inserted into a copper sheath 19 having an outer diameter of approximately .250 inch and a wall thickness of approximately .030 inch.
  • the sheath is then drawn down to an outer diameter of .225 inch and the assembly is Iannealed at approximately 1800 F.
  • the resultant bundle 20 is then drawn down in successive steps, including interposed annealing steps, to an ultimate diameter of .025 inch.
  • the resultant reduced diameter bundle 24 is then cut into 37 pieces and inserted in a suitable copper sheath 26 similar to sheath 19.
  • the above steps are then repeated to reduce the bundle to a final diameter of .049 inch wherein the individual wires have been reduced in diameter to define filaments having a diameter of approximately .0005 inch.
  • the final draw may be to a diameter of .035 inch to produce filaments of approximately .0004 inch diameter, or to a diameter of .028 inch to produce filaments of approximately .0003 inch diameter.
  • the matrix copper material is then dissolved in tank 28 with the nitric acid 29 being maintained at a temperature of approximately 120 F.
  • Example 4 A wire 13 of alloy 270 soft nickel having a diameter of .063 'inch is inserted into a copper tube sheath 14 having a .095 inch outer diameter and a wall thickness of .015 inch.
  • the sheathed wire is drawn seriatim in a number of drawing and annealing steps until the final outer diameter of the sheathed wire 18 is approximately .016 inch.
  • the .016 inch diameter sheathed wire is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted into a copper sheath 19 having an outer diameter of approximately .125 inch and a wall thickness of approximately .015 inch.
  • the bundle 20 is drawn down in successive steps to an ultimate diameter of .018 inch.
  • the reduced diameter bundle is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted in a suitable copper sheath 26 similar to sheath 19.
  • the above steps are then repeated to again reduce the bundle to a final diameter of .028 inch wherein the individual wires have been reduced in diameter to define filaments having a diameter of approximately .0004 inch.
  • the matrix copper material is then dissolved in tank 28 with the nitric acid 29 being maintained at a temperature of approximately 120 F.
  • Example 5 A wire type of 304 'hard drawn stainless steel having a diameter of .062 inch is inserted into a copper tube shea-th 14 having a .095 inch outer diameter and a wall thickness of .015 inch.v The sheathed wire ⁇ 18 is then subsequently drawn seriatim in a number of similar drawing and annealing steps until the final outer diameter of the sheathed wire -18 is approximately .016 inch.
  • the .016 inch diameter sheathed wire 18 is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted into a copper sheath l19 having an outer diameter of approximately .125 inch and a wall thickness of approximately .15 inch.
  • the sheath is then drawn down to an outer ⁇ diameter of .109 inch and the assembly is annealed at approximately 1800 F.
  • the resultant bundle 20 is then drawn down in successive steps, including interposed annealing steps, to an ultimate diameter of .016 inch.
  • the resultant reduced diameter bundle 24 i-s then cut int-o 19 pieces 'and inserted in a suitable copper sheath 26 similar to sheath 419. The above steps are then repeated to reduce the bundle to a diameter of .028 inch.
  • the reduced bundle is then cut into 7 pieces and inserted into ya copper sheath having an outer di-ameter of .125 inch ⁇ and a wall thickness of *.015 inch.
  • the bundle is then drawn down by successive steps to a diameter of .0l-6 inch.
  • This reduced diameter bundle is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted int-o a copper sheath having an outer diameter of .i inch and ya wall thickness of .015 inch.
  • This bundle is then drawn down by successive steps to ⁇ a final diameter of .032 inch wherein the filaments 11 have a -diameter of approximately .00010 to .00012 inches.
  • Example 6 A wire 13 4of type 304 stainless steel having a diameter of .062 inch is inserted into -a low carbon steel tubular sheath 14 having an outer diameter of .125 inch and a wall thickness of .023 inch.
  • the sheathed wire is drawn seriatim in a number ⁇ of drawing and annealing steps until the final outer diameter thereof is approximately .020 inch.
  • the .020 inch sheathed wire 18 is then cut into 19 pieces 'and inserted into a llow carbon steel sheath. 19 ha'ving an outer diameter of approximately 1.56 inches and a wall thickness of approximately .023 inch.
  • the bundle 20 is drawn down in successive steps to an ultimate diameter of .020 inch.
  • the reduced diameter bundle is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted into -a cop-per sheath 26 similar t-o she-ath 19.
  • the above steps are then repeated to lreduce the bundle to a final diameter of .025 inch wherein the individual filaments have a diameter of approximately .0004 inch.
  • Ifilaments 11 by virtue of their extremely small diameters have textile characteristics in that they are highly compliant (i.e. they will bend around their own diameter without a permanent set), are fiexible, ⁇ and may be used in conventional textile machinery for forming fabrics and the like.
  • the filaments may be formed in substantial lengths such as over 50 feet. Such continuous filaments are highly desirable in fabric formation as compared to the short stable fibers obtainable in other filament forming processes such as cold .and hot drawing, cold yand hot swaging, cold and hot rolling and cold and hot extrusion processes.
  • the t-ows 10 may be provided with the individual filaments 1-1 therein having a preselected twist by suitably twisting the bundles during the drawing steps.
  • the twisted arrangement of the filament may be permanently set therein.
  • the resultant iilaments may correspondingly have varying diameters along their longitudinal extent ⁇ as desired.
  • the resistivity of the wires is a function of the cross-section diameter of the wires controlled resistivity may be obtained.
  • each of a plurality of elongated drawable rnetal elements from which the filaments are to be formed with a tubular sheath fo-rmed of ta material having characteristics permitting the shea-ths to be pressed together to form la substantially monolithic ybody and differing chemically substantially from :those of the elements to permit separation of the sheath material from elements when desired;
  • each of a plurality of elongated elements from which the filaments are to be formed with a material having characteristics differing chemically substantially from those of the elements to permit ⁇ separation of the sheath material from the elements when desired;
  • each of a plurality of elongated elements from which the filaments are to be formed with a tubular sheath formed of a material having characteristics differing chemically substantially from those of the elments to permit separation of the sheath material from the elements when desired;
  • each of a plurality of elongated elements from which the filaments are to be formed with a tubular sheath formed of a material having characteristics differing chemically substantially from those of lthe elements to permit separation of the sheath material from the elements when desired;
  • each of a plurality of elongated elements from which the filaments are to be formed with a tubular sheath formed of a material having characteristics differing chemically substantially from those of the elements to permit separation of the sheath material from the elements when desired;
  • the method of claim 2 including a plurality of steps of said bundling of a plurality of drawn bundles in parallel relationship and drawing of the bundle of bundles.

Description

CCL 11, 1956 H. H. WEBBER ETAL 3,277,564
METHOD OF SIMULTANEOUSLY FORMING A PLURALITY OF FILAMENTS Original Filed March 14, 1963 F151 F152 F155 FELL United States Patent() 3,277,564 METHOD F SIMULTANEOUSLY FORMING A PLURALITY OF FILAMENTS Harold H. Webber, Groton, Mass., and Albert H. Wilson, Jr., De Land, Fla., assignors to Roehr Products Co., Inc., a corporation of Delaware Continuation of application Ser. No. 265,262, Mar. 14, 1963. This application June 14, 1965, Ser. No. 463,759 19 Claims. (Cl. 29-419) This application comprises a continuation of our c0- pending application Serial No. 265,262, filed March 14, 1963, now abandoned.
This invention relates to the forming of filaments and in particular to the simultaneous forming of a plurality of fine filaments having a diameter of approximately 10 microns or below.
There has long been a need for high lstrength metallic filaments and the like for use in fabrics having improved physical characteristics as compared to the conventional textile fabrics such as cotton, wool and the like. One example of such a need is that of the automotive vehicle tire industry wherein reinforcing fabrics of many different types have been employed over the years in an attempt to find a completely satisfactory carcass reinforcing fabric.
Further, recent investigations of the tensile strength of small diameter metal filaments such as whiskers of iron, copper, silver and the like having a diameter of under l microns have indicated that filaments of this type having a diameter of approximately 4 microns or less have increased tensile strength substantially beyond the expected tensile strength as determined by Hookes law. Thus the desirability of forming such small diameter filaments in substantial quantities and at relatively low cost is manifest. The present invention comprehends an improved process for producing such filaments at such low cost and thus makes available for the first time comercially practical high strength filaments of metal and the like for use in improved fabrics, cables, filter media, superconductive bodies, etc.
Thus a principal feature of the present invention is the provision of a new and improved method of forming filaments.
Another feature of the invention is the provision of such a method of forming filaments at low cost.
A further feature of the invention is the provision of such method adapted to provide such filaments having a diameter of approximately microns and below and in substantial lengths such as approximately 50 feet and over.
Still another feature of the invention is the provision of such method of forming filaments providing controlled uniformity and non-uniformity of the filament diameter as desired.
Yet another feature of the invention is the method of forming laments providing unburnished metal yarn wherein the filament bundles may have a preselected twist for improved torque and balance characteristics.
A further feature of the invention is the provision of such a method adapted to provide filaments having controlled resistivity.
Still another feature of the invention is the provision of method of forming filaments including the steps of sheathing each of a plurality of elongated elements from which the filaments are to be formed with a material having physical characteristics differing from those of the elements when desired, bundling the sheathed elements in substantially parallel relationship, drawing the bundle to reduce the cros-s-section Iof the elements therein to a preselected lament cross-se-ction, and removing the sheathing material.
Other features and advantages of the invention will be :apparent from the following description taken in connection with the accompanying drawing:
FIG. 1 is a transverse cross-section of a metal wire from which a filament may be formed in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a transverse cross-section of the wire disposed within a coaxial sheath as in a first step of the method embodying the invention;
FIG. 3 is a transverse cross-section of the wire and sheath assembly with the sheath reduced in diameter as in a subsequent step;
FIG. 4 is a transverse cross-section of the sheathed wire structure as reduced in diameter in a further subsequent step;
FIG. 5 is a transverse cross-section of a plurality of sheathed Wire structures of FIG. 4 arranged within a further sheath to define 4a bundle;
FIG. 6 is a transverse cross-section of the bundle of FIG. 5 as reduced in diameter in a subsequent step;
FIG. 7 is a transverse cross-section of a plurality of the reduced-diameter bundles of FIG. 6 disposed in a further sheath to define a bundle of said bundles;
FIG. 8 is a transverse cross-section of the bundle of FIG. 7 as reduced in diameter in a subsequent step;
FIG. 9 is a transverse cross-section of a plurality of the reduceddameter bundles of FIG. 8 disposed in a further sheath to define a bundle. of said bundles;
FIG. 10 is a transverse cross-section of the bundle of FIG. 9 reduced in diameter in a subsequent step;
FIG. 1l is a fragmentary diagrammatic vertical section of an apparatus for drawing the fila-ments in practicing the method embodying the invention;
FIG. 12 is a vertical cross-section of a tank wherein the reduced diameter bundle of FIG. 10 is disposed to be acted upon by a suitable fluid within the tank to remove the sheath material from the bundle; and
FIG. 13 is a tow of filaments embodying the invention.
In the exemplary embodiment of the invention as disclosed in the drawing, a tow generally designated 10 of filaments 11 is formed by a process wherein a plurality of relatively large diameter wires 13 are constricted or otherwise reduced in diameter in a bundle arrangement so as to result in the individual filaments 11 being of extremely small diameter while yet of substantial length. More specifically, the invention comprehends the forming of metal filaments and the like having a diameter of approximately 10 microns more or less and down to under 1 micron if desired. Thus the invention may be employed in the formation of fine filaments including Whisker-type filaments where-in substantially single crystal diameters are provided. Further, the invention comprehends the provision of such fine filaments in Vsubstantial lengths such as approximately 50 feet and over whereas heretofore whiskers have been limited to relatively short lengths due to the presence of fracture points and the like occurring .in the known methods of formation thereof.
The present invention comprehends the forming of such fine filaments by constriction of a plurality lof wires and more specifically by successive drawing operations. In the illustrated embodiment a wire 13 having a relatively large diameter such as over .05 inch is firstly encased in a sheath 14 of suitable matrix material. As shown in FIG. 2, the sheath may have an internal diameter slightly larger than the external diameter of the wire 13 to permit facilitated coaxial assembly thereof. As indicated briefly above, the filaments 11 may comprise metal filaments. Examples of material of which the wire 13, and thus the filaments 11 may be formed by the present process, comprise niobium, stainless steel, nickel, tungsten, iron, aluminum, carbon steel, and chrome nickel alloys, land other suitable drawable materials The wire 13 may be suitably formed to have an originally small diameter by any suitable method including melt forming, foil slitting, electrodeposition, vapor phase deposition, chemical deposition, powder forging, and `suitable conventional wire forming processes. It is preferable that the wire 13 be relatively free of occlusions and the like to preclude formation of fracture points in the wire in the drawing process. The wire may have any suitable cross-section including the circular cross-section illustrated in FIG. 1. Further, lthe wire may be longitudinally uniform in cross-section or may vary as desired.
The sheath 14 may be formed of a suitable matrix material which will act generally as a fluid medium under the pressures induced at the locality of the drawing dies. Examples of such matrix material are metals such as copper and iron.
As shown in FIG. 3, the sheath 14 is firstly constricted onto the wire 13 to lmake a tight physical bond between the sheath and the wire so that in subsequent drawing steps the sheath 14 remains fixed relative to the wire 13 and does not stretch thereover. The assembly 15 of the wire 13 and thusly reduced sheath 14 is next drawn down through a suitable die such as die 16 illustrated in FIG. l1. The assembly 15 is forced through the die by suitable pulling means diagrammatically illustrated at 17 in FIG. 11. The resultant reduced-diameter sheathed wire generally designated 13 is illustrated in FIG. 4.
A plurality of sheathed wires 1S are next disposed within a sheath 19 formed of a suitable matrix material which may, but need not necessarily, comprise the same material as sheath 14. As shown in FIG. 5, the sheathed wires 18 may be uniformly distributed Within the sheath 19 where it is desired to obtain filaments 11 of generally uniform cross-section.
The bundle 20 of sheathed wires 18 in sheath 19 is then drawn down to define a reduced diameter bundle generally designated 21 as shown in FIG. 6. The plurality of the reduced diameter bundles 21 may then be disposed within a further sheath 22 as shown in FIG. 7 to define a further bundle generally designated 23. The bundle 23 may then be drawn down to define `a reduced diameter bundle generally designated 24 as shown in FIG 8. A plurality of the reduced diameter bundles 24 may then be disposed within a further sheath 25 as shown in FIG. 9 to define a further bundle lgenerally designated 26. The bundle 26 may then be drawn down, as shown in FIG. 10, to define a final reduced-diameter bundle generally designated 27.
The number of wires and bundles disposed within the bundling sheaths and the number of drawing steps may be varied as desired to obtain the desired resultant filament diameter; for facilitated illustration of invention we have shown three bundling and subsequent drawing steps with seven sheathed wires and bundles being disposed within the respective bundling sheaths, it being understood that more or less wires, bundles, and steps may be employed as desired.
The individual filaments 11 are obtained from the final bundle 27 by removing the matrix material which comprises the various sheaths employed in the drawing operation. As illustrated in the drawing, the respective constricting operations effected by the drawing steps cause the sheath material to substantially completely fill the voids between the wires so as to form a matrix extending substantially continuously in cross-section whereby each of the wires in the respective bundles is rmly `and positively supported by the matrix material during the drawing thereof through the drawing die 16. As indicated briefiy above, the matrix material preferably comprises a material capable of acting in the manner of a fluid under the pressure induced at the drawing die so as to provide improved support of the wires during the drawing operation and thereby effectively preclude the formation of discontinuities in the respective wires.
The respective filaments 11 are subsequently made to comprise a filament tow by the removal of the matrix material in a subsequent step of the forming process. The present invention comprehends the removal of the matrix material by suitably acting on the final bundle 27 to eliminate the matrix material while allowing the filaments to remain. Thus the invention comprehends the use of a matrix material which differs in physical characteristics from the wire material from which the filaments are formed (eg. the matrix and wire material may differ chemically) in such a manner as to permit the ready removal of the matrix material without substantially affecting the laments. For this purpose, the sheath-matrix material may comprise, as indicated above, copper where the fifament material is stainless steel permitting the copper to be removed by treatment with suitable copper-dissolving acid, such as nitric acid, which leaves the stainless steel filaments substantially unaffected. Other methods of rcmoval of the matrix may be employed with suitable matrix materials permitting the removal thereof such as by electrolysis, shock, melting, physical break-up as by chop ping and the like.
In the illustrative example of matrix removal step, as shown in FIG. 12, the bundle 27 is disposed in a suitable tank 2S containing a body 29 of solubilizing fluid such as nitric acid, the matrix material of `bundle 27 illustrated therein being copper and the filaments being stainless steel. Thus upon complete removal ofthe copper matrix material the individual filaments 11 define a tow 10 of stainless steel filaments as shown in FIG. 13, each lilament being separate of the other filaments and of preselected small diameter.
Specific examples of filament forming processes cmbodying the invention are as follows:
Example 1.-A Wire 13 of type 302 hard drawn stainless steel having a diameter of .081 inch is inserted into a copper tube sheath 14 having a .125 inch outer diam eter and a wall thickness of .020 inch. In the first step thc sheath is drawn down to an outer diameter of .109 inch. The resultant sheathed wire 1S is then annealed at a temperature of approximately l800 F. The reduced sheathed wire 18 is then subsequently drawn seriatim in a number of similar drawing and annealing steps until the final outer diameter of the sheath wire 18 is approximately .016 inch.
The .016 inch diameter sheathed wire 18 is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted into a copper sheath 19 having an outer diameter of approximately .125 inch and a wall thickness of approximately .O15 inch. The sheath is then drawn down to an outer diameter of .109 inch and the assembly annealed at approximately 1800D F. The resultant bundle 20 is then drawn down in successive steps including interposed annealing steps to an ultimate diameter of .016 inch. The resultant reduced diameter `bundle 24 is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted in a copper sheath 26 similar to sheath 19. The above steps are then repeated to again reduce the bundle to final diameter of .O40 inch wherein the individual wires have `been reduced in diameter to define filaments having a diameter of `approximately .0005 inch. Alternatively the final draw may be to a diameter of .032 inch to produce filaments of approximately .0004 inch diameter, or to a diameter of .028 inch to produce filaments of approximately .00032 inch diameter. The matrix copper material is then dissolved in tank 28 with the nitric acid 29 being maintained at a temperature of approximately F.
Example 2.A stainless steel wire 13 having a diameter of .083 inch is inserted into a copper tube sheath 14 having a .125 outer diameter and a wall thickness of .020 inch. In the first step the sheath is drawn down to an outer diameter of .109 inch. The resultant sheathed wire 18 is then annealed at a temperature of approximately 1800 F. The reduced sheathed wire 18 is then subsequently drawn seriatim in a number of similar drawing and annealing steps until the final outer diameter of the sheathed wire 18 is approximately .016 inch.
The .016 inch diameter sheathed wire 18 is then cut into 7 pieces and inserted into a copper sheath 19 having an outer -diameter of approximately .072 inch and a wall thickness of approximately .009 inch. The sheath is then drawn down to an outer diameter of .065 inch and the assembly is .annealed at approximately 1800 F. The resultant bundle is then drawn down in successive steps, including interposed yannealing steps, to an ultimate diameter of .016 inch. The resultant reduced diameter bundle 24 is then cut into 7 pieces and inserted in a suitable copper sheath 26 similar to sheath 19. The above steps are then repeated to reduce the bundle to a final diameter of .016 inch wherein the individaul wires have been reduced in diameter to define filaments having :a diameter of approximately .00032 inch. Alternatively, the final draw may be to a diameter of .032 inch to produce filaments of approximately .0047 inch diameter, or to a diameter of .025 inch to produce filaments of approximately .0004 inch diameter. The matrix copper material is then dissolved in tank 28 with the nitric acid 29 being maintained at a temperature of approximately 120 F.
Example .S2-A wire 13 of type 302 hard drawn stainless steel wire having a diameter of .083 inch is inserted into a copper tube sheath 14 having a .125 inch outer diameter and a wall thickness of .020 inch. ln the first step the sheath is drawn down to an outer diameter of .109 inch. The resultant sheathed wire 18 is then annealed at a temperature of approximately 1800 F. The reduced sheathed wire 18 is then subsequently drawn seriatim' in a number of similar drawing and annealing steps until the final outer diameter of the sheathed wire 18 is approximately .025 inch.
The .025 inch diameter sheathed wire 18 is then cut into 37 pieces and inserted into a copper sheath 19 having an outer diameter of approximately .250 inch and a wall thickness of approximately .030 inch. The sheath is then drawn down to an outer diameter of .225 inch and the assembly is Iannealed at approximately 1800 F. The resultant bundle 20 is then drawn down in successive steps, including interposed annealing steps, to an ultimate diameter of .025 inch. The resultant reduced diameter bundle 24 is then cut into 37 pieces and inserted in a suitable copper sheath 26 similar to sheath 19. The above steps are then repeated to reduce the bundle to a final diameter of .049 inch wherein the individual wires have been reduced in diameter to define filaments having a diameter of approximately .0005 inch. Alternatively, the final draw may be to a diameter of .035 inch to produce filaments of approximately .0004 inch diameter, or to a diameter of .028 inch to produce filaments of approximately .0003 inch diameter. The matrix copper material is then dissolved in tank 28 with the nitric acid 29 being maintained at a temperature of approximately 120 F.
Example 4.-A wire 13 of alloy 270 soft nickel having a diameter of .063 'inch is inserted into a copper tube sheath 14 having a .095 inch outer diameter and a wall thickness of .015 inch. The sheathed wire is drawn seriatim in a number of drawing and annealing steps until the final outer diameter of the sheathed wire 18 is approximately .016 inch.
The .016 inch diameter sheathed wire is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted into a copper sheath 19 having an outer diameter of approximately .125 inch and a wall thickness of approximately .015 inch. The bundle 20 is drawn down in successive steps to an ultimate diameter of .018 inch. The reduced diameter bundle is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted in a suitable copper sheath 26 similar to sheath 19. The above steps are then repeated to again reduce the bundle to a final diameter of .028 inch wherein the individual wires have been reduced in diameter to define filaments having a diameter of approximately .0004 inch. The matrix copper material is then dissolved in tank 28 with the nitric acid 29 being maintained at a temperature of approximately 120 F.
Example 5.-A wire type of 304 'hard drawn stainless steel having a diameter of .062 inch is inserted into a copper tube shea-th 14 having a .095 inch outer diameter and a wall thickness of .015 inch.v The sheathed wire `18 is then subsequently drawn seriatim in a number of similar drawing and annealing steps until the final outer diameter of the sheathed wire -18 is approximately .016 inch.
The .016 inch diameter sheathed wire 18 is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted into a copper sheath l19 having an outer diameter of approximately .125 inch and a wall thickness of approximately .15 inch. The sheath is then drawn down to an outer `diameter of .109 inch and the assembly is annealed at approximately 1800 F. The resultant bundle 20 is then drawn down in successive steps, including interposed annealing steps, to an ultimate diameter of .016 inch. The resultant reduced diameter bundle 24 i-s then cut int-o 19 pieces 'and inserted in a suitable copper sheath 26 similar to sheath 419. The above steps are then repeated to reduce the bundle to a diameter of .028 inch. The reduced bundle is then cut into 7 pieces and inserted into ya copper sheath having an outer di-ameter of .125 inch `and a wall thickness of *.015 inch. The bundle is then drawn down by successive steps to a diameter of .0l-6 inch. This reduced diameter bundle is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted int-o a copper sheath having an outer diameter of .i inch and ya wall thickness of .015 inch. This bundle is then drawn down by successive steps to `a final diameter of .032 inch wherein the filaments 11 have a -diameter of approximately .00010 to .00012 inches.
Example 6.-A wire 13 4of type 304 stainless steel having a diameter of .062 inch is inserted into -a low carbon steel tubular sheath 14 having an outer diameter of .125 inch and a wall thickness of .023 inch. The sheathed wire is drawn seriatim in a number `of drawing and annealing steps until the final outer diameter thereof is approximately .020 inch. f
The .020 inch sheathed wire 18 is then cut into 19 pieces 'and inserted into a llow carbon steel sheath. 19 ha'ving an outer diameter of approximately 1.56 inches and a wall thickness of approximately .023 inch. The bundle 20 is drawn down in successive steps to an ultimate diameter of .020 inch. The reduced diameter bundle is then cut into 19 pieces and inserted into -a cop-per sheath 26 similar t-o she-ath 19. The above steps are then repeated to lreduce the bundle to a final diameter of .025 inch wherein the individual filaments have a diameter of approximately .0004 inch.
The resultant Ifilaments 11 by virtue of their extremely small diameters have textile characteristics in that they are highly compliant (i.e. they will bend around their own diameter without a permanent set), are fiexible, `and may be used in conventional textile machinery for forming fabrics and the like. The filaments may be formed in substantial lengths such as over 50 feet. Such continuous filaments are highly desirable in fabric formation as compared to the short stable fibers obtainable in other filament forming processes such as cold .and hot drawing, cold yand hot swaging, cold and hot rolling and cold and hot extrusion processes. l
The t-ows 10 may be provided with the individual filaments 1-1 therein having a preselected twist by suitably twisting the bundles during the drawing steps. By suitably lannealing the twisted drawing bundle, the twisted arrangement of the filament may be permanently set therein. Thus, by suitably twisting the individual bundles of the multiple bundles 23 and 26 substantially complete elimination of twisting forces in the composite multiple bundle may be obtained. Still further, by p-rovid-ing the wires 13 with varying diameter in the longitudinal direction, the resultant iilaments may correspondingly have varying diameters along their longitudinal extent `as desired. As the resistivity of the wires is a function of the cross-section diameter of the wires controlled resistivity may be obtained.
While we have shown and described embodiments of our invention, it is to be understood that it is capable of many modifications. Changes, therefore, in the construction arld arrangement may be made without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the `appended claims.
We claim: 1. The method of forming a tow of substantially bare filaments comprising the steps of:
sheathing each of a plurality of elongated drawable rnetal elements from which the filaments are to be formed with a tubular sheath fo-rmed of ta material having characteristics permitting the shea-ths to be pressed together to form la substantially monolithic ybody and differing chemically substantially from :those of the elements to permit separation of the sheath material from elements when desired;
bundling the sheathed elements in substantially parallel relationship; mechanically working the bundled sheathed elements in at least one working step to reduce the cross-section of the elements to a preselected filament crosssection of less than approximately 10 microns maximum transverse dimension and to cause the sheath material to form a matrix extending substantially continuously lin cross-section thereby to preclude separation of individual sheathed filaments; and
substantially completely removing the sheathing material while maintaining the filaments in bundled relationship to provide a tow of substantially bare separate filaments.
2. The method of forming a tow of substantially bare filaments comprising the steps of:
sheathing each of a plurality of elongated elements from which the filaments are to be formed with a material having characteristics differing chemically substantially from those of the elements to permit `separation of the sheath material from the elements when desired;
bundling the sheathed elements in substantially parallel relationship;
`drawing the bundle to reduce the c-ross-section of the elements -therein to a preselected filament cross-section;
bundling a plurality of the drawn bundles in substantially parallel relationship;
drawing the -bundle iof bundles to further reduce the cross-section of the elements therein to a preselected filament fin-al cross-section; and
substantially completely removing the sheathing material.
3. The method of claim 2 wherein the bundles a-re drawn to a final outer diameter substantially equal to the final outer diameter of the sheathed elements as obtained in the element sheathing step.
4. The method of claim 3 wherein the drawn bundles are cut and the cut portions `are disposed in side-by-side relationship in the step of bundling the drawn bundles.
5. The method of claim 3 wherein the sheathed elements are cut and the cut portions are disposed in sideby-side relationship in the step of bundling the sheathed elements.
6. The method of claim 3 wherein the bundle of bundles is disposed within another sheath prior to the drawing thereof.
7. The method of forming a tow of substantially bare filaments comprising the steps of:
sheathing each of a plurality of elongated elements from which the filaments are to be formed with a tubular sheath formed of a material having characteristics differing chemically substantially from those of the elments to permit separation of the sheath material from the elements when desired;
bundling the sheathed elements in substantially parallel relationship;
mechanically working the bundled sheathed elements in at least one working step to reduce the crosssection of the elements to a preselected filament cross-section of less than approximately 10 microns maximum transverse dimension while concurrently twisting the elements to provide a permanent twist therein and to cause the sheath material to form a matrix extending substantially continuously in cross-section thereby to preclude separation of individual sheathed laments; and
substantially completely removing the sheathing material while maintaining the filaments in twisted bundled relationship to provide a tow of substantially bare separate filaments.
8. The method of forming a tow of substantially bare filaments comprising the steps of:
sheathing each of a plurality of elongated elements from which the filaments are to be formed with a tubular sheath formed of a material having characteristics differing chemically substantially from those of lthe elements to permit separation of the sheath material from the elements when desired;
bundling the sheathed elements in substantially parallel relationship;
mechanically working the bundled sheathed elements in at least one working step to reduce the cross-section of the elements to a preselected filament crosssection of less than approximately l0 microns maximum transverse dimension while concurrently twisting the elements to provide a twist therein and to cause the sheath material to form a matrix extending substantially continuously in cross-section thereby to preclude separation of individual sheathed filaments;
setting the twist in the elements; and
substantially completely removing the sheathing material while maintaining the filaments in twisted bundled relationship to provide a tow of substantially bare separate filaments. 9. The method of forming a tow of substantially bare filaments comprising the steps of:
sheathing each of a plurality of elongated elements from which the filaments are to be formed with a tubular sheath formed of a material having characteristics differing chemically substantially from those of the elements to permit separation of the sheath material from the elements when desired;
bundling the sheathed elements in substantially parallel relationship; mechanically working the bundled sheathed elements in at least one working step to reduce the cross-section of the elements to a preselected filament crosssection of less than approximately l0 microns maximum transverse dimension while maintaining substantially all of the elements continuous in length of at least approximately 50 feet and to cause the sheath material to form a matrix extending substantially continuously in cross-section thereby to preclude separation of individual sheathed filaments; and
substantially completely removing the sheathing material while maintaining the filaments in bundled relationship to provide a tow of substantially bare separate filaments.
10. The method of claim 1 wherein said filaments are formed essentially of said drawable metal.
11. The method of claim 1 wherein said elongated elements are formed of stainless steel and said sheaths are formed of low carbon steel.
12. The method of claim 1 wherein said elongated elements and sheaths are formed of substantially similarly drawable metals and said working comprises drawing the bundled sheathed elements.
13. The method of claim 1 wherein said elongated elements are formed of type 304 stainless steel and said sheaths are formed of loW carbon steel.
14. The method of claim 2 including a plurality of steps of said bundling of a plurality of drawn bundles in parallel relationship and drawing of the bundle of bundles.
15. The method of claim 2 wherein the bundle in each of the bundling steps is in a close packed hexagonal array.
16. The method of claim 2 wherein said elongated elements are formed of drawable metal and said nal crosssection `is less than approximately .0005 inch maximum transverse dimension.
17. The method of claim 7 wherein said elongated elements are formed of drawable metal.
10 19. The method of claim 9 wherein said elongated elements are formed of drawable metal.
References Cited by the Examiner UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,050,298 8/1936 Everett 29-423 X 2,077,682 4/1937 Everett 29-419 3,029,496 5/1962 Levi 29-11555 3,131,469 5/1964 Glaze 29-155.5 3,218,693 11/1965 Allen et al 29l55.5
JOHN F. CAMPBELL, Primary Examiner'.
WHITMORE A. WILTZ, Examiner.
18. The method of claim 8 wherein said elongated ele- 15 P M COHEN, ASSI-Smm Exammm ments are formed of drawable metal.

Claims (1)

1. THE METHOD OF FORMING A TOW OF SUBSTANTIALLY BARE FILAMENTS COMPRISING THE STEPS OF: SHEATHING EACH OF A PLURALITY OF ELONGATED DRAWABLE METAL ELEMENTS FROM WHICH THE FILAMENTS ARE TO BE FORMED WITH A TUBULAR SHEATH FORMED OF A MATERIAL HAVING CHARACTERISTICS PERMITTING THE SHEATHS TO BE PRESSED TOGETHER TO FORM A SUBSTANTIALLY MONOLITHIC BODY AND DIFFERING CHEMICALLY SUBSTANTIALLY FROM THOSE OF THE ELEMENTS TO PERMIT SEPARATION OF THE SHEATH MATERIAL FROM ELEMENTS WHEN DESIRED; BUNDLING THE SHEATHED ELEMENTS IN SUBSTANTIALLY PARALLEL RELATIONSHIP; MECHANICALLY WORKING THE BUNDLED SHEATHED ELEMENTS IN AT LEAST ONE WORKING STEP TO REDUCE THE CROSS-SECTION OF THE ELEMENTS TO A PRESELECTED FILAMENTS CROSSSECTION OF LESS THAN APPROXIMATELY 10 MICRONS MAXIMUM TRANSVERSE DIMENSION AND TO CAUSE THE SHEATH MATERIAL TO FORM A MATRIX EXTENDING SUBSTANTIALLY CONTINUOUSLY IN CROSS-SECTION THEREBY TO PRECLUDE SEPARATION OF INDIVIDUAL SHEATHED FILAMENTS; AND SUBSTANTIALLY COMPLETELY REMOVING THE SHEATHING MATERIAL WHILE MAINTAINING THE FILAMENTS IN BUNDLED RELATIONSHIP TO PROVIDE A TOW OF SUBSTANTIALLY BARE SEPARATE FILAMENTS.
US463759A 1965-06-14 1965-06-14 Method of simultaneously forming a plurality of filaments Expired - Lifetime US3277564A (en)

Priority Applications (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US463759A US3277564A (en) 1965-06-14 1965-06-14 Method of simultaneously forming a plurality of filaments
BE682485D BE682485A (en) 1965-06-14 1966-06-14

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US463759A US3277564A (en) 1965-06-14 1965-06-14 Method of simultaneously forming a plurality of filaments

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3277564A true US3277564A (en) 1966-10-11

Family

ID=23841261

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US463759A Expired - Lifetime US3277564A (en) 1965-06-14 1965-06-14 Method of simultaneously forming a plurality of filaments

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3277564A (en)

Cited By (113)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3363304A (en) * 1965-04-06 1968-01-16 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Method of fabricating zirconium-beryllium-eutectic wire
US3378999A (en) * 1965-06-17 1968-04-23 Brunswick Corp Metallic yarn structure
US3378916A (en) * 1964-10-30 1968-04-23 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Manufacture of superconducting wire
US3413707A (en) * 1967-05-10 1968-12-03 Whittaker Corp Method of preparation of fibers having high aspect ratios
US3422460A (en) * 1966-10-17 1969-01-21 Sears Roebuck & Co Static-inhibiting garment
US3429032A (en) * 1963-10-15 1969-02-25 Gen Electric Method of making superconductors containing flux traps
US3451305A (en) * 1967-03-28 1969-06-24 Berkley & Co Inc Braided steel leader construction
US3471925A (en) * 1965-11-17 1969-10-14 Avco Corp Composite superconductive conductor and method of manufacture
US3472289A (en) * 1966-11-10 1969-10-14 Brunswick Corp Heater fabric
US3503200A (en) * 1965-06-17 1970-03-31 Brunswick Corp Methods of forming twisted structures
US3522139A (en) * 1967-08-03 1970-07-28 Dunlop Co Ltd Reinforced rubber or plastic article
US3540114A (en) * 1967-11-21 1970-11-17 Brunswick Corp Method of forming fine filaments
US3565127A (en) * 1968-10-22 1971-02-23 Monsanto Co Inextensible filamentary structures, and fabrics woven therefrom
US3596349A (en) * 1968-05-02 1971-08-03 North American Rockwell Method of forming a superconducting multistrand conductor
DE2104328A1 (en) * 1970-01-29 1971-08-12 Brunswick Corp Metal fiber
US3670485A (en) * 1969-02-14 1972-06-20 Brunswick Corp Method of and apparatus for forming metal fiber textile blend and metal fiber textile product
US3676577A (en) * 1970-06-15 1972-07-11 Gen Electric Superconductors containing flux traps
US3699590A (en) * 1972-01-24 1972-10-24 Brunswick Corp Antistatic garment
US3702373A (en) * 1971-03-05 1972-11-07 Comp Generale Electricite Intrinsically stable superconductive conductor
US3754697A (en) * 1970-09-10 1973-08-28 Brunswick Corp Apparatus for providing composite sheathed element
US3762025A (en) * 1971-07-15 1973-10-02 Driver Co Wilbur B Method for producing metallic filaments
US3767842A (en) * 1972-02-25 1973-10-23 Commissariat Energie Atomique Super conducting cable of elemental conductors in a metal matrix within a metallic jacket
US3785036A (en) * 1971-05-17 1974-01-15 Sumitomo Electric Industries Method of manufacturing fine metallic filaments
US3838983A (en) * 1971-12-27 1974-10-01 Brunswick Corp Velvet fabric
US3844021A (en) * 1972-07-17 1974-10-29 Nippon Seisen Co Ltd Method of simultaneously drawing a plurality of wires and apparatus therefor
US3882587A (en) * 1972-12-06 1975-05-13 Rau Fa G Method of producing a fibre-reinforced material
US3905831A (en) * 1970-01-26 1975-09-16 Brunswick Corp Electrochemical electrodes
US3922410A (en) * 1973-08-01 1975-11-25 United Merchants & Mfg Process for obtaining flocked fabrics and fabrics obtained therefrom
JPS5039069B1 (en) * 1971-03-02 1975-12-13
US3943619A (en) * 1974-10-02 1976-03-16 Raymond Boyd Associates Procedure for forming small wires
US3973059A (en) * 1969-09-29 1976-08-03 Brunswick Corporation Method of making metal flocked fabric
US3977070A (en) * 1969-04-01 1976-08-31 Brunswick Corporation Method of continuously producing fine metal filaments
US3987613A (en) * 1965-07-29 1976-10-26 Burlington Industries, Inc. Process for preparing textiles without static charge accumulation and resulting product
US3996661A (en) * 1973-06-22 1976-12-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for the manufacture of a superconductor having an intermetallic two element compound
US4065046A (en) * 1973-02-16 1977-12-27 Brunswick Corporation Method of making passage structures
US4166564A (en) * 1977-04-29 1979-09-04 The Bendix Corporation Method of making a multiorifice structure
DE2915412A1 (en) * 1978-04-17 1979-10-25 Volvo Flygmotor Ab PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING AN ARTICLE FROM FIBER-REINFORCED METAL MATERIAL
JPS5555210U (en) * 1970-12-02 1980-04-14
WO1980002084A1 (en) * 1979-03-27 1980-10-02 Varian Associates Superconducting junction
US4229197A (en) * 1978-06-12 1980-10-21 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Method for making multiple optical core fiber
US4254299A (en) * 1976-08-31 1981-03-03 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Electrical superconductor
EP0043094A1 (en) * 1980-06-27 1982-01-06 Nippon Seisen Co., Ltd. Stainless steel short fiber and process for preparing the same
US4323186A (en) * 1980-08-18 1982-04-06 Polymet Corporation Manufacture of high performance alloy in elongated form
US4327244A (en) * 1979-02-09 1982-04-27 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Superconductive cable
US4336420A (en) * 1979-06-05 1982-06-22 Bbc, Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Superconducting cable
US4384449A (en) * 1976-10-05 1983-05-24 Robert M. Byrnes, Sr. Protective gloves and the like and a yarn with flexible core wrapped with aramid fiber
FR2536302A1 (en) * 1982-11-18 1984-05-25 Bekaert Sa Nv CATALYST, METHODS FOR ITS PREPARATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS
US4470251A (en) * 1978-03-30 1984-09-11 Bettcher Industries, Inc. Knittable yarn and safety apparel made therewith
EP0170210A2 (en) * 1984-08-01 1986-02-05 Ppg Industries, Inc. Novel mat structure
EP0170215A2 (en) * 1984-08-02 1986-02-05 Ppg Industries, Inc. Novel cartridge and reactor
US4771596A (en) * 1970-04-20 1988-09-20 Brunswick Corporation Method of making fiber composite
US4777710A (en) * 1987-04-23 1988-10-18 Polymet Corporation Apparatus and method used in making wire and similar elongate members and wire made using same
US4810587A (en) * 1985-11-28 1989-03-07 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Laminated object comprising metal fibre webs
US5034857A (en) * 1989-10-06 1991-07-23 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Porous electrolytic anode
US5070540A (en) * 1983-03-11 1991-12-10 Bettcher Industries, Inc. Protective garment
US5088183A (en) * 1990-05-01 1992-02-18 Kanithi Hem C Process for producing fine and ultrafine filament superconductor wire
US5129572A (en) * 1990-03-23 1992-07-14 W. C. Heraeus Gmbh Process for the manufacture of a metallic composite wire
US5137782A (en) * 1987-04-06 1992-08-11 N. V. Bekaert S.A. Granular composite containing metal fibers and plastic articles made therefrom
US5245514A (en) * 1992-05-27 1993-09-14 Cabot Corporation Extruded capacitor electrode and method of making the same
WO1995035177A1 (en) * 1994-06-22 1995-12-28 Memtec America Corporation Improved battery plate and method of making
US5525423A (en) * 1994-06-06 1996-06-11 Memtec America Corporation Method of making multiple diameter metallic tow material
US5655358A (en) * 1985-08-16 1997-08-12 Kolmes; Nathaniel H. Cut resistant support yarn suitable for wrapping with an additional yarn covering
WO1998021004A1 (en) * 1996-11-12 1998-05-22 Memtec America Corporation Process for making fine metallic fibers
WO1998028129A1 (en) 1996-12-20 1998-07-02 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Constrained filament electrolytic anode and process of fabrication
US5822791A (en) * 1996-06-24 1998-10-20 Whizard Protective Wear Corp Protective material and method
US5890272A (en) * 1996-11-12 1999-04-06 Usf Filtration And Separations Group, Inc Process of making fine metallic fibers
US6038759A (en) * 1995-06-21 2000-03-21 Outokumpu Copper Oy Method of producing a superconductor billet
US6112395A (en) * 1997-11-12 2000-09-05 Usf Filtration And Separations Group, Inc. Process of making fine and ultra fine metallic fibers
US6543123B1 (en) 1999-04-20 2003-04-08 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Process for making constrained filament niobium-based superconductor composite
US20030074779A1 (en) * 2000-03-21 2003-04-24 James Wong Constrained filament niobium-based superconductor composite and process of fabrication
USRE38136E1 (en) * 1985-08-16 2003-06-10 Supreme Elastic Corporation Cut resistant support yarn suitable for wrapping with an additional yarn covering
US20040057176A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2004-03-25 North Carolina State University Fabric and yarn structures for improving signal integrity in fabric-based electrical circuits
US6779330B1 (en) 2000-10-31 2004-08-24 World Fibers, Inc. Antimicrobial cut-resistant composite yarn and garments knitted or woven therefrom
US20040187471A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2004-09-30 World Fibers, Inc. Antimicrobial cut-resistant composite yarn and garments knitted or woven therefrom
US20040244185A1 (en) * 2000-03-21 2004-12-09 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Production of electrolytic capacitors and superconductors
US20060123862A1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2006-06-15 Federico Pavan Metal wire coated with a layer of metal material intended to reinforce elastomeric materials and methods for producing the same
US20070120437A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2007-05-31 Day Michael J Compact slip ring incorporating fiber-on-tips contact technology
US20070188041A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2007-08-16 Lewis Norris E Fluid-dispensing reservoir for large-diameter slip rings
US20080072407A1 (en) * 2006-09-26 2008-03-27 James Wong Methods for fabrication of improved electrolytic capacitor anode
US20090056320A1 (en) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-05 Dacosta Herbert Florey Martins Exhaust system having catalytically active particulate filter
WO2009147115A1 (en) 2008-06-06 2009-12-10 Nv Bekaert Sa Electrically conductive yarn with reduced torsions
WO2010060907A1 (en) 2008-11-25 2010-06-03 Nv Bekaert Sa Multibundle metal fiber yarn
US20110114619A1 (en) * 2008-07-22 2011-05-19 Nv Bekaert Sa Yarn for car seat heating with suitable lubricant
US20110225945A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2011-09-22 Nv Bekaert Sa Multilayer metal fiber yarn
WO2011138131A1 (en) 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 Nv Bekaert Sa Heterogeneous fabric for quenching ring
WO2011157528A1 (en) 2010-06-14 2011-12-22 Nv Bekaert Sa Use of a foaming agent to improve emi shielding
EP2410281A1 (en) 2010-07-23 2012-01-25 Utexbel NV Fabric for the manufacturing of protective clothing against stun guns
EP2436808A1 (en) 2010-09-30 2012-04-04 NV Bekaert SA Multi-filament with annealed copper core and drawn steel layer
WO2012076600A1 (en) 2010-12-09 2012-06-14 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Burner with locally fixed burner deck
WO2012146272A1 (en) 2011-04-26 2012-11-01 Nv Bekaert Sa Steel fiber reinforced composites
WO2012152571A1 (en) 2011-05-06 2012-11-15 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Premix gas burner with temperature measurement
WO2013164159A1 (en) 2012-05-03 2013-11-07 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Gas premix burner
WO2013174698A1 (en) 2012-05-23 2013-11-28 Nv Bekaert Sa Heat resistant separation fabric
CN103611757A (en) * 2013-12-10 2014-03-05 西部新锆核材料科技有限公司 Method for preparing zirconium metal filaments
WO2014067744A1 (en) 2012-10-31 2014-05-08 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Gas premix burner
WO2014118080A1 (en) 2013-02-04 2014-08-07 Nv Bekaert Sa Quench tube for polymer fiber extrusion
EP2789911A1 (en) 2013-04-09 2014-10-15 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Gas premix burner
WO2014166793A1 (en) 2013-04-09 2014-10-16 Fnv Bekaert Sa Heat resistant woven tape
WO2015000869A1 (en) 2013-07-02 2015-01-08 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Gas premix burner
WO2015000870A1 (en) 2013-07-02 2015-01-08 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Premix gas burner
US9312075B1 (en) 2013-09-06 2016-04-12 Greatbatch Ltd. High voltage tantalum anode and method of manufacture
WO2016202627A1 (en) 2015-06-17 2016-12-22 Nv Bekaert Sa Heat resistant separation fabric
US9633796B2 (en) 2013-09-06 2017-04-25 Greatbatch Ltd. High voltage tantalum anode and method of manufacture
WO2018011001A1 (en) 2016-07-15 2018-01-18 Nv Bekaert Sa Electrically conductive yarn
WO2018031943A1 (en) 2016-08-12 2018-02-15 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Electrolytic capacitor and method for improved electrolytic capacitor anodes
EP3295501A1 (en) 2015-05-15 2018-03-21 COMPOSITE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY, Inc. Improved high capacity rechargeable batteries
WO2018215241A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Inwardly firing premix gas burner
WO2018224448A1 (en) 2017-06-07 2018-12-13 Nv Bekaert Sa Gas diffusion layer
US10230110B2 (en) 2016-09-01 2019-03-12 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Nano-scale/nanostructured Si coating on valve metal substrate for LIB anodes
WO2019193025A1 (en) 2018-04-05 2019-10-10 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Conical premix gas burner
EP3572728A1 (en) 2018-05-22 2019-11-27 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Premix gas burner
US10508367B2 (en) 2014-08-27 2019-12-17 North Carolina State University Binary encoding of sensors in textile structures
USRE48439E1 (en) 2013-09-06 2021-02-16 Greatbatch Ltd. High voltage tantalum anode and method of manufacture

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2050298A (en) * 1934-04-25 1936-08-11 Thos Firth & John Brown Ltd Metal reducing method
US2077682A (en) * 1935-05-17 1937-04-20 Thos Firth & John Brown Ltd Drawing process
US3029496A (en) * 1957-11-20 1962-04-17 Rola Company Australia Proprie Methods of producing magnetic materials and to the magnetic materials so produced
US3131469A (en) * 1960-03-21 1964-05-05 Tyler Wayne Res Corp Process of producing a unitary multiple wire strand
US3218693A (en) * 1962-07-03 1965-11-23 Nat Res Corp Process of making niobium stannide superconductors

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2050298A (en) * 1934-04-25 1936-08-11 Thos Firth & John Brown Ltd Metal reducing method
US2077682A (en) * 1935-05-17 1937-04-20 Thos Firth & John Brown Ltd Drawing process
US3029496A (en) * 1957-11-20 1962-04-17 Rola Company Australia Proprie Methods of producing magnetic materials and to the magnetic materials so produced
US3131469A (en) * 1960-03-21 1964-05-05 Tyler Wayne Res Corp Process of producing a unitary multiple wire strand
US3218693A (en) * 1962-07-03 1965-11-23 Nat Res Corp Process of making niobium stannide superconductors

Cited By (149)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3429032A (en) * 1963-10-15 1969-02-25 Gen Electric Method of making superconductors containing flux traps
US3378916A (en) * 1964-10-30 1968-04-23 Int Research & Dev Co Ltd Manufacture of superconducting wire
US3363304A (en) * 1965-04-06 1968-01-16 Atomic Energy Commission Usa Method of fabricating zirconium-beryllium-eutectic wire
US3503200A (en) * 1965-06-17 1970-03-31 Brunswick Corp Methods of forming twisted structures
US3378999A (en) * 1965-06-17 1968-04-23 Brunswick Corp Metallic yarn structure
US3987613A (en) * 1965-07-29 1976-10-26 Burlington Industries, Inc. Process for preparing textiles without static charge accumulation and resulting product
US3471925A (en) * 1965-11-17 1969-10-14 Avco Corp Composite superconductive conductor and method of manufacture
US3422460A (en) * 1966-10-17 1969-01-21 Sears Roebuck & Co Static-inhibiting garment
US3472289A (en) * 1966-11-10 1969-10-14 Brunswick Corp Heater fabric
US3451305A (en) * 1967-03-28 1969-06-24 Berkley & Co Inc Braided steel leader construction
US3413707A (en) * 1967-05-10 1968-12-03 Whittaker Corp Method of preparation of fibers having high aspect ratios
US3522139A (en) * 1967-08-03 1970-07-28 Dunlop Co Ltd Reinforced rubber or plastic article
US3540114A (en) * 1967-11-21 1970-11-17 Brunswick Corp Method of forming fine filaments
US3596349A (en) * 1968-05-02 1971-08-03 North American Rockwell Method of forming a superconducting multistrand conductor
US3565127A (en) * 1968-10-22 1971-02-23 Monsanto Co Inextensible filamentary structures, and fabrics woven therefrom
US3670485A (en) * 1969-02-14 1972-06-20 Brunswick Corp Method of and apparatus for forming metal fiber textile blend and metal fiber textile product
US3977070A (en) * 1969-04-01 1976-08-31 Brunswick Corporation Method of continuously producing fine metal filaments
US3973059A (en) * 1969-09-29 1976-08-03 Brunswick Corporation Method of making metal flocked fabric
US3905831A (en) * 1970-01-26 1975-09-16 Brunswick Corp Electrochemical electrodes
DE2104328A1 (en) * 1970-01-29 1971-08-12 Brunswick Corp Metal fiber
US4771596A (en) * 1970-04-20 1988-09-20 Brunswick Corporation Method of making fiber composite
US3676577A (en) * 1970-06-15 1972-07-11 Gen Electric Superconductors containing flux traps
US3754697A (en) * 1970-09-10 1973-08-28 Brunswick Corp Apparatus for providing composite sheathed element
JPS5555210U (en) * 1970-12-02 1980-04-14
JPS5039069B1 (en) * 1971-03-02 1975-12-13
US3702373A (en) * 1971-03-05 1972-11-07 Comp Generale Electricite Intrinsically stable superconductive conductor
US3785036A (en) * 1971-05-17 1974-01-15 Sumitomo Electric Industries Method of manufacturing fine metallic filaments
US3762025A (en) * 1971-07-15 1973-10-02 Driver Co Wilbur B Method for producing metallic filaments
US3838983A (en) * 1971-12-27 1974-10-01 Brunswick Corp Velvet fabric
US3699590A (en) * 1972-01-24 1972-10-24 Brunswick Corp Antistatic garment
US3767842A (en) * 1972-02-25 1973-10-23 Commissariat Energie Atomique Super conducting cable of elemental conductors in a metal matrix within a metallic jacket
US3844021A (en) * 1972-07-17 1974-10-29 Nippon Seisen Co Ltd Method of simultaneously drawing a plurality of wires and apparatus therefor
US3882587A (en) * 1972-12-06 1975-05-13 Rau Fa G Method of producing a fibre-reinforced material
US4065046A (en) * 1973-02-16 1977-12-27 Brunswick Corporation Method of making passage structures
US3996661A (en) * 1973-06-22 1976-12-14 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Method for the manufacture of a superconductor having an intermetallic two element compound
US3922410A (en) * 1973-08-01 1975-11-25 United Merchants & Mfg Process for obtaining flocked fabrics and fabrics obtained therefrom
US3943619A (en) * 1974-10-02 1976-03-16 Raymond Boyd Associates Procedure for forming small wires
US4254299A (en) * 1976-08-31 1981-03-03 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Electrical superconductor
US4384449A (en) * 1976-10-05 1983-05-24 Robert M. Byrnes, Sr. Protective gloves and the like and a yarn with flexible core wrapped with aramid fiber
US4166564A (en) * 1977-04-29 1979-09-04 The Bendix Corporation Method of making a multiorifice structure
US4470251A (en) * 1978-03-30 1984-09-11 Bettcher Industries, Inc. Knittable yarn and safety apparel made therewith
DE2915412A1 (en) * 1978-04-17 1979-10-25 Volvo Flygmotor Ab PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING AN ARTICLE FROM FIBER-REINFORCED METAL MATERIAL
US4229197A (en) * 1978-06-12 1980-10-21 International Telephone And Telegraph Corporation Method for making multiple optical core fiber
US4327244A (en) * 1979-02-09 1982-04-27 Bbc Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Superconductive cable
WO1980002084A1 (en) * 1979-03-27 1980-10-02 Varian Associates Superconducting junction
US4336420A (en) * 1979-06-05 1982-06-22 Bbc, Brown, Boveri & Company, Limited Superconducting cable
EP0043094A1 (en) * 1980-06-27 1982-01-06 Nippon Seisen Co., Ltd. Stainless steel short fiber and process for preparing the same
US4323186A (en) * 1980-08-18 1982-04-06 Polymet Corporation Manufacture of high performance alloy in elongated form
FR2536302A1 (en) * 1982-11-18 1984-05-25 Bekaert Sa Nv CATALYST, METHODS FOR ITS PREPARATION AND ITS APPLICATIONS
US4515905A (en) * 1982-11-18 1985-05-07 N. V. Bekaert S.A. Process for forming a catalyst and the catalytic product produced by the process
US5070540A (en) * 1983-03-11 1991-12-10 Bettcher Industries, Inc. Protective garment
EP0170210A2 (en) * 1984-08-01 1986-02-05 Ppg Industries, Inc. Novel mat structure
EP0170210A3 (en) * 1984-08-01 1988-10-19 Ppg Industries, Inc. Novel mat structure
EP0170215A2 (en) * 1984-08-02 1986-02-05 Ppg Industries, Inc. Novel cartridge and reactor
EP0170215A3 (en) * 1984-08-02 1988-10-12 Ppg Industries, Inc. Novel cartridge and reactor
USRE38136E1 (en) * 1985-08-16 2003-06-10 Supreme Elastic Corporation Cut resistant support yarn suitable for wrapping with an additional yarn covering
US5655358A (en) * 1985-08-16 1997-08-12 Kolmes; Nathaniel H. Cut resistant support yarn suitable for wrapping with an additional yarn covering
US4810587A (en) * 1985-11-28 1989-03-07 N.V. Bekaert S.A. Laminated object comprising metal fibre webs
US5137782A (en) * 1987-04-06 1992-08-11 N. V. Bekaert S.A. Granular composite containing metal fibers and plastic articles made therefrom
US4777710A (en) * 1987-04-23 1988-10-18 Polymet Corporation Apparatus and method used in making wire and similar elongate members and wire made using same
US5034857A (en) * 1989-10-06 1991-07-23 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Porous electrolytic anode
US5129572A (en) * 1990-03-23 1992-07-14 W. C. Heraeus Gmbh Process for the manufacture of a metallic composite wire
US5088183A (en) * 1990-05-01 1992-02-18 Kanithi Hem C Process for producing fine and ultrafine filament superconductor wire
US5245514A (en) * 1992-05-27 1993-09-14 Cabot Corporation Extruded capacitor electrode and method of making the same
US5525423A (en) * 1994-06-06 1996-06-11 Memtec America Corporation Method of making multiple diameter metallic tow material
WO1995035177A1 (en) * 1994-06-22 1995-12-28 Memtec America Corporation Improved battery plate and method of making
US5584109A (en) * 1994-06-22 1996-12-17 Memtec America Corp. Method of making a battery plate
US6038759A (en) * 1995-06-21 2000-03-21 Outokumpu Copper Oy Method of producing a superconductor billet
US5822791A (en) * 1996-06-24 1998-10-20 Whizard Protective Wear Corp Protective material and method
US5890272A (en) * 1996-11-12 1999-04-06 Usf Filtration And Separations Group, Inc Process of making fine metallic fibers
WO1998021004A1 (en) * 1996-11-12 1998-05-22 Memtec America Corporation Process for making fine metallic fibers
WO1998028129A1 (en) 1996-12-20 1998-07-02 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Constrained filament electrolytic anode and process of fabrication
US6112395A (en) * 1997-11-12 2000-09-05 Usf Filtration And Separations Group, Inc. Process of making fine and ultra fine metallic fibers
EP1148972A1 (en) * 1997-11-12 2001-10-31 USF Filtration and Separations Group Inc. Process of making fine and ultra fine metallic fibers
US6497029B1 (en) 1997-11-12 2002-12-24 Pall Filtration And Separations Group Inc. Process for making fine and ultra fine metallic fibers
EP1148972A4 (en) * 1997-11-12 2004-05-12 Usf Filtration & Separations Process of making fine and ultra fine metallic fibers
US6543123B1 (en) 1999-04-20 2003-04-08 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Process for making constrained filament niobium-based superconductor composite
US7146709B2 (en) 2000-03-21 2006-12-12 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Process for producing superconductor
US20030074779A1 (en) * 2000-03-21 2003-04-24 James Wong Constrained filament niobium-based superconductor composite and process of fabrication
US7480978B1 (en) 2000-03-21 2009-01-27 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Production of electrolytic capacitors and superconductors
US20090044398A1 (en) * 2000-03-21 2009-02-19 James Wong Production of electrolytic capacitors and superconductors
US20040244185A1 (en) * 2000-03-21 2004-12-09 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Production of electrolytic capacitors and superconductors
US6836955B2 (en) 2000-03-21 2005-01-04 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Constrained filament niobium-based superconductor composite and process of fabrication
US20070084182A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2007-04-19 World Fibers, Inc. Antimicrobial cut-resistant composite yarn and garments knitted or woven therefrom
US7121077B2 (en) 2000-10-31 2006-10-17 World Fibers, Inc. Antimicrobial cut-resistant composite yarn and garments knitted or woven therefrom
US20040187471A1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2004-09-30 World Fibers, Inc. Antimicrobial cut-resistant composite yarn and garments knitted or woven therefrom
US6779330B1 (en) 2000-10-31 2004-08-24 World Fibers, Inc. Antimicrobial cut-resistant composite yarn and garments knitted or woven therefrom
US20080287022A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2008-11-20 North Carolina State University Fabric and yarn structures for improving signal integrity in fabric-based electrical circuits
US20040057176A1 (en) * 2002-06-28 2004-03-25 North Carolina State University Fabric and yarn structures for improving signal integrity in fabric-based electrical circuits
US7348285B2 (en) * 2002-06-28 2008-03-25 North Carolina State University Fabric and yarn structures for improving signal integrity in fabric-based electrical circuits
US20060123862A1 (en) * 2002-12-23 2006-06-15 Federico Pavan Metal wire coated with a layer of metal material intended to reinforce elastomeric materials and methods for producing the same
US7423359B2 (en) * 2004-06-18 2008-09-09 Moog Inc. Fluid-dispensing reservoir for large-diameter slip rings
US20070188041A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2007-08-16 Lewis Norris E Fluid-dispensing reservoir for large-diameter slip rings
US7495366B2 (en) * 2004-06-18 2009-02-24 Moog Inc. Compact slip ring incorporating fiber-on-tips contact technology
US7545073B2 (en) * 2004-06-18 2009-06-09 Moog Inc. Fluid-dispensing reservoir for large-diameter slip rings
US20070120437A1 (en) * 2004-06-18 2007-05-31 Day Michael J Compact slip ring incorporating fiber-on-tips contact technology
US20080072407A1 (en) * 2006-09-26 2008-03-27 James Wong Methods for fabrication of improved electrolytic capacitor anode
US8858738B2 (en) 2006-09-26 2014-10-14 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Methods for fabrication of improved electrolytic capacitor anode
US8828325B2 (en) 2007-08-31 2014-09-09 Caterpillar Inc. Exhaust system having catalytically active particulate filter
US20090056320A1 (en) * 2007-08-31 2009-03-05 Dacosta Herbert Florey Martins Exhaust system having catalytically active particulate filter
WO2009147115A1 (en) 2008-06-06 2009-12-10 Nv Bekaert Sa Electrically conductive yarn with reduced torsions
US20110079589A1 (en) * 2008-06-06 2011-04-07 Nv Bekaert Sa Electrically conductive yarn with reduced torsions
US20110072776A1 (en) * 2008-06-06 2011-03-31 Nv Bekaeert Sa Multibundle yarn with reduced torsions
US8402733B2 (en) 2008-06-06 2013-03-26 Nv Bekaert Sa Multibundle yarn with reduced torsions
US20110114619A1 (en) * 2008-07-22 2011-05-19 Nv Bekaert Sa Yarn for car seat heating with suitable lubricant
US8474236B2 (en) 2008-11-25 2013-07-02 Nv Bekaert Sa Multibundle metal fiber yarn
WO2010060907A1 (en) 2008-11-25 2010-06-03 Nv Bekaert Sa Multibundle metal fiber yarn
US20110225945A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2011-09-22 Nv Bekaert Sa Multilayer metal fiber yarn
US8596033B2 (en) 2008-11-25 2013-12-03 Nv Bekaert Sa Multilayer metal fiber yarn
US20110225946A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2011-09-22 Lisa Le Percq Multibundle metal fiber yarn
WO2011138131A1 (en) 2010-05-07 2011-11-10 Nv Bekaert Sa Heterogeneous fabric for quenching ring
US8858848B2 (en) 2010-06-14 2014-10-14 Nv Bekaert Sa Foaming agent to improve EMI shielding
WO2011157528A1 (en) 2010-06-14 2011-12-22 Nv Bekaert Sa Use of a foaming agent to improve emi shielding
EP2410281A1 (en) 2010-07-23 2012-01-25 Utexbel NV Fabric for the manufacturing of protective clothing against stun guns
EP2436808A1 (en) 2010-09-30 2012-04-04 NV Bekaert SA Multi-filament with annealed copper core and drawn steel layer
WO2012076600A1 (en) 2010-12-09 2012-06-14 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Burner with locally fixed burner deck
WO2012146272A1 (en) 2011-04-26 2012-11-01 Nv Bekaert Sa Steel fiber reinforced composites
WO2012152571A1 (en) 2011-05-06 2012-11-15 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Premix gas burner with temperature measurement
US9528699B2 (en) 2011-05-06 2016-12-27 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Premix gas burner with temperature measurement
WO2013164159A1 (en) 2012-05-03 2013-11-07 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Gas premix burner
WO2013174698A1 (en) 2012-05-23 2013-11-28 Nv Bekaert Sa Heat resistant separation fabric
US9809910B2 (en) 2012-05-23 2017-11-07 Nv Bekaert Sa Heat resistant separation fabric
WO2014067744A1 (en) 2012-10-31 2014-05-08 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Gas premix burner
WO2014118080A1 (en) 2013-02-04 2014-08-07 Nv Bekaert Sa Quench tube for polymer fiber extrusion
EP2789911A1 (en) 2013-04-09 2014-10-15 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Gas premix burner
WO2014166793A1 (en) 2013-04-09 2014-10-16 Fnv Bekaert Sa Heat resistant woven tape
WO2015000870A1 (en) 2013-07-02 2015-01-08 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Premix gas burner
WO2015000869A1 (en) 2013-07-02 2015-01-08 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Gas premix burner
USRE47560E1 (en) 2013-09-06 2019-08-06 Greatbatch Ltd. Method for manufacturing a high voltage tantalum anode
US9633796B2 (en) 2013-09-06 2017-04-25 Greatbatch Ltd. High voltage tantalum anode and method of manufacture
USRE48439E1 (en) 2013-09-06 2021-02-16 Greatbatch Ltd. High voltage tantalum anode and method of manufacture
US9312075B1 (en) 2013-09-06 2016-04-12 Greatbatch Ltd. High voltage tantalum anode and method of manufacture
CN103611757A (en) * 2013-12-10 2014-03-05 西部新锆核材料科技有限公司 Method for preparing zirconium metal filaments
US10508367B2 (en) 2014-08-27 2019-12-17 North Carolina State University Binary encoding of sensors in textile structures
EP3295501A1 (en) 2015-05-15 2018-03-21 COMPOSITE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY, Inc. Improved high capacity rechargeable batteries
US10403902B2 (en) 2015-05-15 2019-09-03 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. High capacity rechargeable batteries
WO2016202627A1 (en) 2015-06-17 2016-12-22 Nv Bekaert Sa Heat resistant separation fabric
WO2018011001A1 (en) 2016-07-15 2018-01-18 Nv Bekaert Sa Electrically conductive yarn
US11577555B2 (en) 2016-07-15 2023-02-14 Nv Bekaert Sa Electrically conductive yarn
US10192688B2 (en) 2016-08-12 2019-01-29 Composite Material Technology, Inc. Electrolytic capacitor and method for improved electrolytic capacitor anodes
EP3895832A1 (en) 2016-08-12 2021-10-20 COMPOSITE MATERIALS TECHNOLOGY, Inc. Electrolytic capacitor and method for improved electrolytic capacitor anodes
WO2018031943A1 (en) 2016-08-12 2018-02-15 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Electrolytic capacitor and method for improved electrolytic capacitor anodes
US10230110B2 (en) 2016-09-01 2019-03-12 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Nano-scale/nanostructured Si coating on valve metal substrate for LIB anodes
USRE49419E1 (en) 2016-09-01 2023-02-14 Composite Materials Technology, Inc. Nano-scale/nanostructured Si coating on valve metal substrate for lib anodes
WO2018215241A1 (en) 2017-05-24 2018-11-29 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Inwardly firing premix gas burner
US11215366B2 (en) 2017-05-24 2022-01-04 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Inwardly firing premix gas burner
WO2018224448A1 (en) 2017-06-07 2018-12-13 Nv Bekaert Sa Gas diffusion layer
WO2019193025A1 (en) 2018-04-05 2019-10-10 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Conical premix gas burner
EP3572728A1 (en) 2018-05-22 2019-11-27 Bekaert Combustion Technology B.V. Premix gas burner

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3277564A (en) Method of simultaneously forming a plurality of filaments
US3379000A (en) Metal filaments suitable for textiles
US2050298A (en) Metal reducing method
US3540114A (en) Method of forming fine filaments
US3394213A (en) Method of forming filaments
US3698863A (en) Fibrous metal filaments
US6497029B1 (en) Process for making fine and ultra fine metallic fibers
US3828417A (en) Method for fabricating composite material reinforced by uniformaly spaced filaments
US3505039A (en) Fibrous metal filaments
DE4009366C2 (en)
GB1283620A (en) Method of forming small cross-section fibres
WO1998021004A1 (en) Process for making fine metallic fibers
US3762025A (en) Method for producing metallic filaments
DE2508490A1 (en) METALLIC COMPOSITE MATERIAL AND MANUFACTURING PROCESS FOR IT
US3811178A (en) Method for the manufacture of cored wire
JP2000061525A (en) Manufacture of metallic fiber
JPH05307917A (en) Manufacture of superconducting wire
US3529343A (en) Method of producing metallic yarn
DE1302863C2 (en) PROCESS FOR MANUFACTURING THIN METAL FIBERS
US20020108684A1 (en) Process of making alloy fibers
JPS62259612A (en) Production of stainless steel fiber
JPS594202B2 (en) Golden-throated beetle
JPH03280307A (en) Manufacture of multicore superconductive wire
JPH04267010A (en) Manufacture of copper-stabilized superconducting wire
JPH1018189A (en) Twisted metal fiber yarn and its production