US3492991A - Autotransfusion apparatus - Google Patents

Autotransfusion apparatus Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US3492991A
US3492991A US618053A US3492991DA US3492991A US 3492991 A US3492991 A US 3492991A US 618053 A US618053 A US 618053A US 3492991D A US3492991D A US 3492991DA US 3492991 A US3492991 A US 3492991A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
blood
vacuum
tube
autotransfusion
container
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US618053A
Inventor
Richard H Dyer Jr
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3492991A publication Critical patent/US3492991A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61MDEVICES FOR INTRODUCING MEDIA INTO, OR ONTO, THE BODY; DEVICES FOR TRANSDUCING BODY MEDIA OR FOR TAKING MEDIA FROM THE BODY; DEVICES FOR PRODUCING OR ENDING SLEEP OR STUPOR
    • A61M1/00Suction or pumping devices for medical purposes; Devices for carrying-off, for treatment of, or for carrying-over, body-liquids; Drainage systems
    • A61M1/36Other treatment of blood in a by-pass of the natural circulatory system, e.g. temperature adaptation, irradiation ; Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3621Extra-corporeal blood circuits
    • A61M1/3627Degassing devices; Buffer reservoirs; Drip chambers; Blood filters

Definitions

  • the device embodying the invention consists of container equipped with blood defoaming and filtering means, the container being closed and connected by tubing to a pump which serves as a source of motive power, the vessel also being connected by tubing and catheter to the field from which the blood comes, which tubing is also connected to means for injecting anti-coagulants into the blood, and taking the blood to the container where it is defoamed.
  • the container also is equipped with a filter through which the blood will pass to remove all particulate matter, such as clots, fibrin as well as particles of fat.
  • the exit from the container is a conventional gravity type feed for transfusion connected through an intravenous catheter and/or needle for re-transfusion (Autotransfusion) into a vein of the subject.
  • This invention is concerned with a method and device for collecting, defoaming, anti-coagulating, defatting, filtering and reinfusing blood in large and small volumes during surgery, or during emergencies, from the thoracic and abdominal cavities and extra peritoneal spaces and the like of living mammals. (See American Journal of Surgery, 112, December 1966.)
  • OBJECTS This process and method of intraoperative autotransfusion is intended to provide an immediately available supply of whole blood which, being an autotype, requires no costly time consuming procurement, typing, or cross matching. It is also to provide blood for patients with rare blood types or allergic blood sensitivities, for those patients for whom very limited donor blood would be available by modern means of laboratory testing in vitro. Also certain religious sects (Jehovahs Witnesses) will allow this immediate autotransfusion, but would not accept donor transfusion, or delayed autotransfusion.
  • the time consumed from collection to redelivery of salvaged blood can be less than 2 minutes, and the volume of returned blood may exceed 1000 cc. per minute, depending upon the needs at the time of hemorrhage, as determined by the surgeon and anesthesiologist.
  • Utilization of intraoperative autotransfusion does not preclude or prevent the use of donor indirect transfusion when necessary, or the many methods of fluid therapy designed to support the hypovolemic patient.
  • the apparatus has particular value in war time, for battlefield use, and in hospitals serving highway accidents or high crime rate areas.
  • the vacuum means is provided to cause flow through the system.
  • the prevention of fat re-infusion is provided for by (a) The coarse and fine filters to be described (b) The fat adsorbant properties of silicone and siliconized plastics (c) The lipolytic effects of small amounts of aqueous heparin anti-coagulant (d) The elongated cylinder design which allows the lighter weight fat globules, when present to coalesce and float on the surface of the blood level in the chamber. The final milliliters of salvaged blood is not infused from the chamber (e) The final filter of the blood recipient set.
  • the invention consists of a blood autotransfusion apparatus which is characterized by its uncomplicated nature, its safety, economy, elfectiveness and ease of use in collecting, defoaming, anti-coagulating, defatting, filtering and reinfusing blood in large and small volumes into a patient, human or animal. lntraoperative autotransfusion is applied to pooled blood or active bleeding resulting from severe accident or other hemorrhage into thoracic and abdominal cavities and other extraperitoneal spaces preceding or during surgery.
  • the apparatus in one embodiment, consists of a single or paired transparent calibrated cylinder of appropriate size, preferably /2 to 1.2 liter glass or plastic, the cylinder being closed at both ends by rubber or plastic seals to form a calibrated container.
  • the upper plug is provided with a minimum of 3 ports, each of the ports having an outside diaphragm which remains intact until the container is to be entered for use in an autotransfusion operation.
  • One of the ports is used to apply vacuum to the container by way of a sterilized, flexible polyethylene or plastic tube or catheter and stylette.
  • the second port accepts a similar stylette and flexible tube or catheter, as an inflow route from the operative field or source of blood and contains an inline side valve to deliver sterile anticoagulant medication such as 50 cc.
  • the third port is closed to complete the chamber vacuum except to deliver blood from the chamber in which case it is opened to release the vacuum.
  • the inline side valve may also deliver antibiotics such as Aqueous Penicillin, or Kamamycin if desired.
  • the variation in the connections to the top ports is arranged to introduce medicine into the line through which the blood comes, and for this to provide a clamp, a valve or petcock control on the third opening to allow quick adjustment of pressure within the cylinder.
  • the third opening can also be used for auxiliary pumping which applies positive pressure to increase rate of blood re-infusion.
  • the bottom plug carries two blood exit ports, similarly provided with protective outer diaphragms. These outlets are for the retransfusion of processed blood by conventional gravity drip means via standard blood administration set pump back into the patient.
  • the inner surface of the glass or plastic container is coated with silicone antifoaming agent (Dow Corning Antifoam A). It may also be filled or partially filled with a coarse metal or plastic wool, for example, steel wool, which is surface treated with silicone (Dow Corning) to reduce foaming. Fine 200 U (micra) metal wire screen of stainless steel or Monel metal or other conventional, surgical metal or fine plastic weave is placed over each of the exit ports to act as a final chamber filter to prevent the possibilty of introducing into a patient some bit of fibrin or other debris not otherwise separated by the metal wool.
  • silicone antifoaming agent Dow Corning Antifoam A
  • a coarse metal or plastic wool for example, steel wool, which is surface treated with silicone (Dow Corning) to reduce foaming.
  • Fine 200 U (micra) metal wire screen of stainless steel or Monel metal or other conventional, surgical metal or fine plastic weave is placed over each of the exit ports to act as a final chamber filter to prevent the possibilty of
  • a third filter is provided in blood recipient apparatus connected to the outflow.
  • FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic section through an apparatus made in accordance with the invention, showing the basic relationship of the parts;
  • FIGURE 2 is a similar diagrammatic section showing the relationship of the parts and an alternative connection to the vacuum and medication portions;
  • FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic representation of an apparatus built in accordance with the invention employing a dual blood receiving container, so that one side can be available for a reservoir, for processing of the blood, while the other side performs transfusion duty of collected and treated whole blood.
  • the pump and medication connections to the two chambers are such that they permit connection to a single container at a time, at the will of the surgeon or anesthesiologist.
  • 100 represent a cylinder, which commonly would be made of clear Pyrex glass or other transparent material suitable for sterilization and have a capacity of the order of /2 liter to 1% liters to 2 liters. Its Walls should be such that internally a vacuum approximating halfan atmosphere can be drawn.
  • the cylinder is closed at both ends by means of plugs 101 and 105, which may be finished in any manner desired to provide a good air-tight liquid-tight closure for the system to be subjected to the pressures anticipated. They must, of course, be heat sterilizable.
  • Closure 101 is provided with two apertures 102 and 103, which conventionally, when the container is in condition prepared for use, will be protected by external diaphragms as indicated at 104.
  • plug 105 is provided with apertures 106, 107 and 108, which likewise, in periods of non-use, will be covered by external, protective rubber diaphragms as indicated at 19.
  • the entire apparatus may be Wrapped and sterilized in a plastic container for storage until use.
  • the cylinder is' provided internally with fine mesh filters over the outlet ports, the filters being identified as 120 and 121.
  • filters are generally formed of stainless steel or plastic and are of a fineness to catch small blood clots, i.e., with a 100 to 300 U fineness.
  • Polytetrafiuoroethylene plastics (Teflon) would be suitable; the only requirement is that the filter be fine enough to remove any residual debris in the blood and that it contribute nothing of a chemical nature to contaminate the blood. Essentially, this latter is a requirement of all parts of the apparatus, namely, that they be inert enough that no material from the apparatus be transferred chemically or physiochemically from the apparatus to the blood. (The apparatus is designed to conform to established EDA requirements.)
  • the outlet port openings 102, 103, and 106, 107, 108 will generally be of the order of 3-6 millimeters in diameter.
  • connection through stylette 125 and tube 126 is made to vacuum source 127.
  • the vacuum source may be an ordinary laboratory supply such as is universally available in an operating room or surgery, which frequently is operated by water pump and, hence, can draw a controlled vacuum of the order of 20200 millimeters of mercury.
  • a small vacuum pump is also suitable.
  • a hand aspirator of conventional rubber bulb type can be used. The requirement is that a vacuum strong enough to reduce the pressure in the cylinder 100 sufliciently to cause blood to flow in through stylette 130, tube 131 and through pickup stylette 132 from an operating field suction tip 133 be available. In most cases, 20-140 millimeters of blood to be salvaged at any time during surgery.
  • this is the closed blood flow system suitable for the practice of the invention and, it will be seen, that the field 133 can be the wound, peritoneal or thoracic cavity of the patient and, by drawing a vacuum at 127, blood is lifted from the patient through tube 131, filtered, defoamed, defatted and decoagulated in the chamber and re-transfused by gravity drip in conventional style. Thus it is transfused through stylette 140, filter 141, catheter 142, cylinder 143, tube 144 and stylette 145.
  • the apparatus In making the apparatus some what more refined for use and to provide for the introduction of medication into the blood being transfused, and also to provide for better pressure control within the container itself, the apparatus consists as shown in FIGURE 2 of the cylinder 200, equipped with plugs 2'01 and 202.
  • the structure of the cylinder is essentially the same as shown in FIGURE 1.
  • the bottom is provided with a pair of orifice outlets 203 and 204, covered by the metal blood filters 205 and 206, the cavity of the container containing the siliconized steel W001 207.
  • the other stopper is equipped with orifices 210, 211, 212, through which provision is made by way of stylette 213, tube 214, for connection to a valve 215 and associated community vacuum service in a hospital.
  • the advantage of this arrangement is in the fact that the line Will usually carry its pressure indicator (or an indicator can be inserted in the live vacuum to monitor the vacuum). Connection to the operating field is made by stylette 220 through tube 221, T 222 and tube 223 to stylette 224 at field 225. Though the branch of the T connection is made through tube 226 to injection cylinder 227 which may be of any conventional form suitable for introducing medication, or other solution, or anti-coagulant solution, into the blood stream, flowing it through the T and into the cylinder 200.
  • Pressure control is provided by introducing stylette 230 through the stopper, through tube 231, carrying petcock 232 so that as the operator desires, air pressure can be regulated by the petcock to maintain the total net pressure in the vessel itself at an indicated safe operating level as shown by gauge.
  • Rapid blood delivery is accomplished by the standard types of blood administration equipment labeled 143 in FIGURE 1, 242 in FIGURE 2, and 310 in FIGURE 3.
  • the operation is as indicated: by applying appropriate vacuum to the container 200, blood is drawn from the field 225 through the stylette 224-, its associate tubing and into the container 200, where it is filtered through the steel wool, defoamed, defatted and mixed with anti-coagulant and/or antibiotic added through cylinder 227 and line 226. A good mixture is attained and final filtering accomplished at screens 206 or 205 and, the processed blood is introduced Within minutes into the patient through stylette 240, cylinder 241, container 242-tube 243 and stylette 244 which is the point of intravenous autotransfusion into a subject.
  • the apparatus there shown employs a dual blood container and, therefore, a dual tubing system connecting the two sides of the chamber to the vacuum line, the blood suction line and the medication line.
  • surgical clamps or any conventional clamping means may be used for closing one line or the other, so that they can be used in alternation.
  • a 3-way petcock could be substituted here, provided that the internal orifices are 3 to 6 millimeters internal diameter.
  • the design and process of the dual cylinders is based directly on the preceding simple chamber designs.
  • the advantages of the dual chambers are: (1) Absolute control of blood volume collected and re-infused. (2) Absolute control of anti-coagulant diluent used. (3) Independent collection and re-infusion operation.
  • the apparatus consists of the two calibrated cylinders in parallel, 300 and 301, equipped with end plugs 302, 303, 304 and 305.
  • the connections to the tubes are as described in connection with FIGURES 1 and 2, namely, outlets 306 and 307, 308, and 309, from the tubes 300 and 301, respectively, joined in infusion tube 310 for application to the patient.
  • outlets 311, 312 and 313 together with outlets 314, 315 and 316 provide the three connections, respectively, for blood inflow vacuum control, each of these connections feeding to an appropriate T paralleling it, so that 312 and 316 constitute the two vacuum connections, 311 and 314 constitute the two pressure connections and 313 and 315 constitute the two blood infusion connections.
  • Medication e.g. anti-coagulant, preservative or antibiotic
  • Clamps 322, 323, 324, 325 permit alternate use of the containers.
  • the clamps may be pinchcocks; surgical clamps; or best, the simple slide clamp wherein the tubing is threaded through an opening large enough to take it and pinched by sliding it into a slot. (Abbot, U.S. Patent 2,503,327.)
  • All connections should be 3 to 6 millimeters in internal diameter, and with smooth rounded bends to minimize blood trauma and stasis of flow.
  • the apparatus As materials of construction for the apparatus, glass is indicated for the containers in which blood is collected and plastic flexible tubing for the lines. Similarly, polyethylene, polypropylene and polytetrafiuoroethylene tubing may be used for the catheter connections; vinyl plastic will also be suitable.
  • the entire apparatus can be made of transparent non-breakable plastic and, in such case, it is necessary merely to have the container of somewhat strong, heavy, semi-rigid plastic, that is, 34 millimeters thick, sufiicient to resist significant collapse under the application of vacuum to the container. Where the device is fabricated of such plastic, it is suitable for field use and can actually be discarded after a single use. Obviously, it is sterile prior to use.
  • the apparatus and method are of course intended to conserve and re-use vital blood lost by intraoperative or emergency hemorrhage by sterile collection and reinfusion during surgery.
  • intra-operative autotransfusion by this method may be used. It should be considered on a planned basis as in vascular reconstructive surgery, and electively when rare blood type or limited donor blood is available. It may be indicated for use in any major vascular catastrophe, especially in the face of uncontrolled loss from traumatic, obstetrical or operative technical hemorrhge. Because of their religious beliefs, it is the only completely acceptable type of blood transfusion that Jehovahs Witnesses will receive.
  • the method should not be used to reinfuse blood which is known to have remained in a serous body cavity for three '(3) or more days. It should not be used in the presence of ross bile or fecal contamination when compatible donor blood is available. However, the reinfusion of such blood, though undesirable, may be life-saving when there is no available alternative source and exsanguination is imminent. It is not to be employed in the presence of known carcinoma near the operative field.
  • Anticoagulant solution 2% to 4% USP should be available in ample amount in 0.5 liter bottles (Upjohn Company pharmaceuticals). Heparinized saline (20 milligrams e.g. 2,000 Upjohn units per 50 to milliliters normal saline). Use one volume anticoagulant to four volumes hemorrhage. If the patient is systematically heparinized, a more dilute or smaller amount /2 approximately) of anti-coagulant solution will be satisfactory. The physiological effects of protarnine do not appear to be significantly altered. Mixing of the anti-coagulant solution with the hemorrhage is important. It may be easily accomplished by 1) systemic heparinization or (2) direct contact in body cavity (regional anticoagulation), or (3) by agitation of the auto-transfusion chamber (chamber anti-coagulation).
  • control vacuum indicator should be adjusted to about mm. Hg.
  • the chosen anti-coagulant, preservative or antibiotic may be introduced via surgeons suction tube Y tube insert.
  • a source of vacuum capable of being maintained at a substantially steady level
  • a receivers for blood connected to said source of vacuum
  • a suction tip for immersion in a pool of blood and tube connection from said suction tip to said receivers for blood
  • said receivers for said blood being capable of carrying a substantial volume thereof
  • said receivers for said blood being internally treated to defoam the blood and also housing a filter therein and (6) outlets from said receivers so that the blood before passing out of the receivers, must pass through said filter
  • clamp means is provided for employing one receiver at a time in the branched tubes.

Description

Feb. 3, 1970 R. H. DYER, JR
AUTOTRANSFUSION APPARATUS 2 sheets-sheet 1 Filed Feb. 23, 1967 NVENTOR. RICHARD H. DYER, JR.
ATTORNEY Feb. 3, 1970 R. H. DYER. JR 3,492,991
AUTOTRANSFU-S ION APPARATUS Filed Feb. 25, 1967 2 Sheets-Sheet 2 If I , l f\ Ink/J I I f z Q d a 207 I I N VE.\' TOR. RICHARD H. DYER, JR.
ATTORNEY United States Patent O U.S. Cl. 128-214 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The device embodying the invention consists of container equipped with blood defoaming and filtering means, the container being closed and connected by tubing to a pump which serves as a source of motive power, the vessel also being connected by tubing and catheter to the field from which the blood comes, which tubing is also connected to means for injecting anti-coagulants into the blood, and taking the blood to the container where it is defoamed. The container also is equipped with a filter through which the blood will pass to remove all particulate matter, such as clots, fibrin as well as particles of fat. The exit from the container is a conventional gravity type feed for transfusion connected through an intravenous catheter and/or needle for re-transfusion (Autotransfusion) into a vein of the subject.
This invention is concerned with a method and device for collecting, defoaming, anti-coagulating, defatting, filtering and reinfusing blood in large and small volumes during surgery, or during emergencies, from the thoracic and abdominal cavities and extra peritoneal spaces and the like of living mammals. (See American Journal of Surgery, 112, December 1966.)
OBJECTS This process and method of intraoperative autotransfusion is intended to provide an immediately available supply of whole blood which, being an autotype, requires no costly time consuming procurement, typing, or cross matching. It is also to provide blood for patients with rare blood types or allergic blood sensitivities, for those patients for whom very limited donor blood would be available by modern means of laboratory testing in vitro. Also certain religious sects (Jehovahs Witnesses) will allow this immediate autotransfusion, but would not accept donor transfusion, or delayed autotransfusion.
The time consumed from collection to redelivery of salvaged blood can be less than 2 minutes, and the volume of returned blood may exceed 1000 cc. per minute, depending upon the needs at the time of hemorrhage, as determined by the surgeon and anesthesiologist.
Utilization of intraoperative autotransfusion does not preclude or prevent the use of donor indirect transfusion when necessary, or the many methods of fluid therapy designed to support the hypovolemic patient.
It is an object of the invention to provide a simple, uncomplicated self-contained apparatus for making blood transfusions of an autotype during elective surgery or on an emergency basis in which there is considerable hemorrhage after an accident at the scene. The apparatus has particular value in war time, for battlefield use, and in hospitals serving highway accidents or high crime rate areas.
It is another object of the invention to provide an apparatus, self-contained, having a sterile, closed, flow system suitable for picking up blood at a surgical field or wound cavity, whether the wound be surgical or an accidental one, conducting blood through the closed system to a container, treating it with anti-coagulant, defoaming material, filtering it, defatting and passing it to a transfusion apparatus for reinfusion to a patient. The vacuum means is provided to cause flow through the system.
The prevention of fat re-infusion is provided for by (a) The coarse and fine filters to be described (b) The fat adsorbant properties of silicone and siliconized plastics (c) The lipolytic effects of small amounts of aqueous heparin anti-coagulant (d) The elongated cylinder design which allows the lighter weight fat globules, when present to coalesce and float on the surface of the blood level in the chamber. The final milliliters of salvaged blood is not infused from the chamber (e) The final filter of the blood recipient set.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The invention consists of a blood autotransfusion apparatus which is characterized by its uncomplicated nature, its safety, economy, elfectiveness and ease of use in collecting, defoaming, anti-coagulating, defatting, filtering and reinfusing blood in large and small volumes into a patient, human or animal. lntraoperative autotransfusion is applied to pooled blood or active bleeding resulting from severe accident or other hemorrhage into thoracic and abdominal cavities and other extraperitoneal spaces preceding or during surgery. The apparatus, in one embodiment, consists of a single or paired transparent calibrated cylinder of appropriate size, preferably /2 to 1.2 liter glass or plastic, the cylinder being closed at both ends by rubber or plastic seals to form a calibrated container. The upper plug is provided with a minimum of 3 ports, each of the ports having an outside diaphragm which remains intact until the container is to be entered for use in an autotransfusion operation. One of the ports is used to apply vacuum to the container by way of a sterilized, flexible polyethylene or plastic tube or catheter and stylette. The second port accepts a similar stylette and flexible tube or catheter, as an inflow route from the operative field or source of blood and contains an inline side valve to deliver sterile anticoagulant medication such as 50 cc. of 2% to 4% citrate USP or aqueous heparin solution USP to salvaged whole blood. The third port is closed to complete the chamber vacuum except to deliver blood from the chamber in which case it is opened to release the vacuum. The inline side valve may also deliver antibiotics such as Aqueous Penicillin, or Kamamycin if desired. The variation in the connections to the top ports is arranged to introduce medicine into the line through which the blood comes, and for this to provide a clamp, a valve or petcock control on the third opening to allow quick adjustment of pressure within the cylinder. The third opening can also be used for auxiliary pumping which applies positive pressure to increase rate of blood re-infusion. The bottom plug carries two blood exit ports, similarly provided with protective outer diaphragms. These outlets are for the retransfusion of processed blood by conventional gravity drip means via standard blood administration set pump back into the patient.
To prevent foaming of the blood, the inner surface of the glass or plastic container is coated with silicone antifoaming agent (Dow Corning Antifoam A). It may also be filled or partially filled with a coarse metal or plastic wool, for example, steel wool, which is surface treated with silicone (Dow Corning) to reduce foaming. Fine 200 U (micra) metal wire screen of stainless steel or Monel metal or other conventional, surgical metal or fine plastic weave is placed over each of the exit ports to act as a final chamber filter to prevent the possibilty of introducing into a patient some bit of fibrin or other debris not otherwise separated by the metal wool.
3 A third filter is provided in blood recipient apparatus connected to the outflow.
The structure and operation of the device will be better understood by reference to the drawings accompanying the description, wherein:
FIGURE 1 is a diagrammatic section through an apparatus made in accordance with the invention, showing the basic relationship of the parts;
FIGURE 2 is a similar diagrammatic section showing the relationship of the parts and an alternative connection to the vacuum and medication portions; and
FIGURE 3 is a diagrammatic representation of an apparatus built in accordance with the invention employing a dual blood receiving container, so that one side can be available for a reservoir, for processing of the blood, while the other side performs transfusion duty of collected and treated whole blood. The pump and medication connections to the two chambers are such that they permit connection to a single container at a time, at the will of the surgeon or anesthesiologist.
Referring now to FIGURE 1, 100 represent a cylinder, which commonly would be made of clear Pyrex glass or other transparent material suitable for sterilization and have a capacity of the order of /2 liter to 1% liters to 2 liters. Its Walls should be such that internally a vacuum approximating halfan atmosphere can be drawn. The cylinder is closed at both ends by means of plugs 101 and 105, which may be finished in any manner desired to provide a good air-tight liquid-tight closure for the system to be subjected to the pressures anticipated. They must, of course, be heat sterilizable.
Closure 101 is provided with two apertures 102 and 103, which conventionally, when the container is in condition prepared for use, will be protected by external diaphragms as indicated at 104. Similarly, plug 105 is provided with apertures 106, 107 and 108, which likewise, in periods of non-use, will be covered by external, protective rubber diaphragms as indicated at 19. The entire apparatus may be Wrapped and sterilized in a plastic container for storage until use.
For operative use, the cylinder is' provided internally with fine mesh filters over the outlet ports, the filters being identified as 120 and 121. These are generally formed of stainless steel or plastic and are of a fineness to catch small blood clots, i.e., with a 100 to 300 U fineness. Polytetrafiuoroethylene plastics (Teflon) would be suitable; the only requirement is that the filter be fine enough to remove any residual debris in the blood and that it contribute nothing of a chemical nature to contaminate the blood. Essentially, this latter is a requirement of all parts of the apparatus, namely, that they be inert enough that no material from the apparatus be transferred chemically or physiochemically from the apparatus to the blood. (The apparatus is designed to conform to established EDA requirements.)
The outlet port openings 102, 103, and 106, 107, 108 will generally be of the order of 3-6 millimeters in diameter.
At the other end of the cylinder, connection through stylette 125 and tube 126 is made to vacuum source 127. The vacuum source may be an ordinary laboratory supply such as is universally available in an operating room or surgery, which frequently is operated by water pump and, hence, can draw a controlled vacuum of the order of 20200 millimeters of mercury. A small vacuum pump is also suitable. In the device, which is also suitable for emergency field use, a hand aspirator of conventional rubber bulb type can be used. The requirement is that a vacuum strong enough to reduce the pressure in the cylinder 100 sufliciently to cause blood to flow in through stylette 130, tube 131 and through pickup stylette 132 from an operating field suction tip 133 be available. In most cases, 20-140 millimeters of blood to be salvaged at any time during surgery.
As inspection of the diagram will show, this is the closed blood flow system suitable for the practice of the invention and, it will be seen, that the field 133 can be the wound, peritoneal or thoracic cavity of the patient and, by drawing a vacuum at 127, blood is lifted from the patient through tube 131, filtered, defoamed, defatted and decoagulated in the chamber and re-transfused by gravity drip in conventional style. Thus it is transfused through stylette 140, filter 141, catheter 142, cylinder 143, tube 144 and stylette 145.
In making the apparatus some what more refined for use and to provide for the introduction of medication into the blood being transfused, and also to provide for better pressure control within the container itself, the apparatus consists as shown in FIGURE 2 of the cylinder 200, equipped with plugs 2'01 and 202. The structure of the cylinder is essentially the same as shown in FIGURE 1. Herein the bottom is provided with a pair of orifice outlets 203 and 204, covered by the metal blood filters 205 and 206, the cavity of the container containing the siliconized steel W001 207. The other stopper is equipped with orifices 210, 211, 212, through which provision is made by way of stylette 213, tube 214, for connection to a valve 215 and associated community vacuum service in a hospital. The advantage of this arrangement is in the fact that the line Will usually carry its pressure indicator (or an indicator can be inserted in the live vacuum to monitor the vacuum). Connection to the operating field is made by stylette 220 through tube 221, T 222 and tube 223 to stylette 224 at field 225. Though the branch of the T connection is made through tube 226 to injection cylinder 227 which may be of any conventional form suitable for introducing medication, or other solution, or anti-coagulant solution, into the blood stream, flowing it through the T and into the cylinder 200.
Pressure control is provided by introducing stylette 230 through the stopper, through tube 231, carrying petcock 232 so that as the operator desires, air pressure can be regulated by the petcock to maintain the total net pressure in the vessel itself at an indicated safe operating level as shown by gauge.
Rapid blood delivery is accomplished by the standard types of blood administration equipment labeled 143 in FIGURE 1, 242 in FIGURE 2, and 310 in FIGURE 3.
Here, the operation is as indicated: by applying appropriate vacuum to the container 200, blood is drawn from the field 225 through the stylette 224-, its associate tubing and into the container 200, where it is filtered through the steel wool, defoamed, defatted and mixed with anti-coagulant and/or antibiotic added through cylinder 227 and line 226. A good mixture is attained and final filtering accomplished at screens 206 or 205 and, the processed blood is introduced Within minutes into the patient through stylette 240, cylinder 241, container 242-tube 243 and stylette 244 which is the point of intravenous autotransfusion into a subject.
Referring now to FIGURE 3, the apparatus there shown employs a dual blood container and, therefore, a dual tubing system connecting the two sides of the chamber to the vacuum line, the blood suction line and the medication line. For convenience, surgical clamps or any conventional clamping means may be used for closing one line or the other, so that they can be used in alternation. A 3-way petcock could be substituted here, provided that the internal orifices are 3 to 6 millimeters internal diameter. The design and process of the dual cylinders is based directly on the preceding simple chamber designs. The advantages of the dual chambers are: (1) Absolute control of blood volume collected and re-infused. (2) Absolute control of anti-coagulant diluent used. (3) Independent collection and re-infusion operation.
Specifically, the apparatus consists of the two calibrated cylinders in parallel, 300 and 301, equipped with end plugs 302, 303, 304 and 305. The connections to the tubes are as described in connection with FIGURES 1 and 2, namely, outlets 306 and 307, 308, and 309, from the tubes 300 and 301, respectively, joined in infusion tube 310 for application to the patient.
At the other end of the apparatus, outlets 311, 312 and 313 together with outlets 314, 315 and 316 provide the three connections, respectively, for blood inflow vacuum control, each of these connections feeding to an appropriate T paralleling it, so that 312 and 316 constitute the two vacuum connections, 311 and 314 constitute the two pressure connections and 313 and 315 constitute the two blood infusion connections. Medication (e.g. anti-coagulant, preservative or antibiotic) is provided from the cylinder 320 feeding through tube 321 to the dual connection for taking. blood from the field of operation. Clamps 322, 323, 324, 325 permit alternate use of the containers. The clamps may be pinchcocks; surgical clamps; or best, the simple slide clamp wherein the tubing is threaded through an opening large enough to take it and pinched by sliding it into a slot. (Abbot, U.S. Patent 2,503,327.)
It is important in arranging the tubing, the T connections and clamps, to avoid pockets in the system wherein blood can stagnate and possibly form clots. All connections should be 3 to 6 millimeters in internal diameter, and with smooth rounded bends to minimize blood trauma and stasis of flow.
'It will be apparent that the arrangement of the two identical reservoirs in parallel makes possible the independent use of one chamber or the other by clamping off the appropriate blood line from one or the other, thereby causing all the activity to take place through one tube. In this fashion, the second tube can be used as a reservoir in which the blood is processed before reinfusion. Accurate measurement of volume infused is thus possible.
As materials of construction for the apparatus, glass is indicated for the containers in which blood is collected and plastic flexible tubing for the lines. Similarly, polyethylene, polypropylene and polytetrafiuoroethylene tubing may be used for the catheter connections; vinyl plastic will also be suitable. The entire apparatus can be made of transparent non-breakable plastic and, in such case, it is necessary merely to have the container of somewhat strong, heavy, semi-rigid plastic, that is, 34 millimeters thick, sufiicient to resist significant collapse under the application of vacuum to the container. Where the device is fabricated of such plastic, it is suitable for field use and can actually be discarded after a single use. Obviously, it is sterile prior to use. It is made of a material which can be stored for periods of time up to l or more years, as in a sealed envelope, and be impervious to climate variables of temperature. In the field use, pumping or vacuum may be applied to the blood continuously by means of a hand aspirator.
USE OF THE APPARATUS AND APPLICATION OF THE METHOD Purpose-The apparatus and method are of course intended to conserve and re-use vital blood lost by intraoperative or emergency hemorrhage by sterile collection and reinfusion during surgery.
Primary indications-When hemorrhage has occurred, or there is active bleeding into a serious body cavity, intra-operative autotransfusion by this method may be used. It should be considered on a planned basis as in vascular reconstructive surgery, and electively when rare blood type or limited donor blood is available. It may be indicated for use in any major vascular catastrophe, especially in the face of uncontrolled loss from traumatic, obstetrical or operative technical hemorrhge. Because of their religious beliefs, it is the only completely acceptable type of blood transfusion that Jehovahs Witnesses will receive.
It is not intended as the only source of blood replacement, e.g. some bank blood may also be needed; rather, at this stage, intro-operative autotransfusion is intended primarily as an adjunctive measure.
Primary contra-indications.-The method should not be used to reinfuse blood which is known to have remained in a serous body cavity for three '(3) or more days. It should not be used in the presence of ross bile or fecal contamination when compatible donor blood is available. However, the reinfusion of such blood, though undesirable, may be life-saving when there is no available alternative source and exsanguination is imminent. It is not to be employed in the presence of known carcinoma near the operative field.
THE APPARATUS It should be available, autoclaved and wrapped ready for use, as described herein.
Anticoagulant solution.Citrate solution 2% to 4% USP should be available in ample amount in 0.5 liter bottles (Upjohn Company pharmaceuticals). Heparinized saline (20 milligrams e.g. 2,000 Upjohn units per 50 to milliliters normal saline). Use one volume anticoagulant to four volumes hemorrhage. If the patient is systematically heparinized, a more dilute or smaller amount /2 approximately) of anti-coagulant solution will be satisfactory. The physiological effects of protarnine do not appear to be significantly altered. Mixing of the anti-coagulant solution with the hemorrhage is important. It may be easily accomplished by 1) systemic heparinization or (2) direct contact in body cavity (regional anticoagulation), or (3) by agitation of the auto-transfusion chamber (chamber anti-coagulation).
To set up apparatus for the method (1) Unwrap and suspend the autotransfusion unit from a pole.
(2) Connect suction in series through vacuum control valve to vacuum intake at top of autotransfusion set.
(3) Attach surgeons suction tip via sterile vivosol (in cluded with set) or rubber tube to adjacent suction intake, also at top of set.
(4) Place three-way stop cock '(or clamp) on remaining top intake. (This will serve later as a decompression valve to release chamber vacuum for rapid or gravity autotransfusion.)
(5) Connect conventional blood administration infusion pump set (or sets) to outflow at bottom of the autotransfusion set. Clamp the unused outlets.
(6) Interplace Y tube in surgeons suction per diagram FIGURE 3.
To prime pump and use (1) Adjust vacuum within chamber by occluding all outlets, stop cock and surgeons suction. The control vacuum indicator should be adjusted to about mm. Hg.
(2) Immerse the surgeonssuction tip in normal saline, to test all connections are secured. Then lift approximately 25 to 50 milliliters of saline.
(3) With the system set at suction, blood can then be lifted from the field at will.
(4) The chosen anti-coagulant, preservative or antibiotic may be introduced via surgeons suction tube Y tube insert.
(5) Occasional clearing of surgeons suction tube of blood by dipping tip in normal saline of measured anticoagulant solution will prevent clotting in the tube.
6) Frequent gentle agitation of the chambers will adequately mix the salvaged blood with the anti-coagulant, antibiotic and/or preservatives.
To administer blood (1) The technique and equipment of blood reinfusion (autotransfusion) is identical to conventional methods.
(2) When a volume of blood has been collected (for example 300 to 500 milliliters) fill the administration pump set and transfuse.
(3) In the single chambered apparatus, more rapid infusion will be accomplished by opening the stop cock on top of the autotransfusion chamber, or by decreasing the vacuum to allow outflow.
(4) When transfusing do not administer the final 100 milliliters from chamber.
Simultaneous collection and autotransfusion is accomplished without difiiculty in the dual chambers by changing the clamps and valves as previously described,
(6) If the out1et(s) become clogged there probably was inadequate mixing of blood and anti-coagulant. Excess debris may be on filter screen. This may often be freed by agitation of chamber.
(7) If the blood administration pump does not fill turn otf vacuum and agitate chamber.
What is claimed is:
1. In a bl od suction apparatus, the combination of (1) a source of vacuum capable of being maintained at a substantially steady level (2) a receivers for blood connected to said source of vacuum (3) a suction tip for immersion in a pool of blood and tube connection from said suction tip to said receivers for blood (4) said receivers for said blood being capable of carrying a substantial volume thereof (5 said receivers for said blood being internally treated to defoam the blood and also housing a filter therein and (6) outlets from said receivers so that the blood before passing out of the receivers, must pass through said filter (7) means between the suction tip and the receivers for introducing medication into the blood suction tube as blood is drawn into the receivers, said means comprising a branch in said blood suction tube and a tube connecting said branch to a source of medication,
(8) and means for introducing blood from said receivers into a patient, wherein said medication and blood tubes feed to a single tube, a branch from said silgle tube passing to each of two receivers, each of said tubular branches carrying a clamp making it capable of being closed 01f, vacuum connection to each of said two receivers, each of said receivers being equipped with pressure release and regulating means, each of said receivers containing siliconized steel wool for defoaming blood, each of said receivers having outlets therefrom equipped with filter for said blood, the outlets from these receivers supplying blood to an infusion means for introduction into a patient.
2. The apparatus in accordance with claim 2 wherein clamp means is provided for employing one receiver at a time in the branched tubes.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,032,614 3/1936 Guiou 128-2 14 2,573,637 10/1951 Bender 128--272 2,682,268 6/1954 Ryan et al 23-2585 2,702,064 2/1955 Walter 128-214.2, 2,80%,075 8/1957 Borden 128-277 3,175,555 3/1965 Ling 2 3258.5 3,191,600 6/ 1965 Everett 1282-76 DALTON L. TRULUCK, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
US618053A 1967-02-23 1967-02-23 Autotransfusion apparatus Expired - Lifetime US3492991A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US61805367A 1967-02-23 1967-02-23

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US3492991A true US3492991A (en) 1970-02-03

Family

ID=24476141

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US618053A Expired - Lifetime US3492991A (en) 1967-02-23 1967-02-23 Autotransfusion apparatus

Country Status (1)

Country Link
US (1) US3492991A (en)

Cited By (44)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3730170A (en) * 1971-04-29 1973-05-01 T Michael Apparatus for distributing a sample of blood to a plurality of cultures
US3789877A (en) * 1972-03-13 1974-02-05 T Noren Visual automatic liquid feeder
US3802432A (en) * 1972-05-18 1974-04-09 I Djerassi Apparatus for filtration-leukopheresis for separation and concentration of human granulocytes
US3807401A (en) * 1972-06-21 1974-04-30 Department Of Health Education Anticoagulating blood suction device
US3896733A (en) * 1973-10-18 1975-07-29 Pall Corp Autotransfusion apparatus
US3965896A (en) * 1974-06-17 1976-06-29 Swank Roy L Blood autotransfusion method and apparatus
US3993067A (en) * 1975-04-24 1976-11-23 Sherwood Medical Industries Inc. Autotransfusion device
US4006745A (en) * 1975-05-22 1977-02-08 Sorenson Research Co., Inc. Autologous transfusion system and method
US4014329A (en) * 1975-07-03 1977-03-29 The Rochester General Hospital Method and apparatus for autotransfusion of blood
US4033345A (en) * 1975-11-13 1977-07-05 Sorenson Research Co., Inc. Autologous transfusion filter system and method
US4047526A (en) * 1975-05-22 1977-09-13 Sorenson Research Co., Inc. Autologous blood system and method
FR2362775A1 (en) * 1977-08-29 1978-03-24 Arnal Hubert D Sealed container for medical use - has two chambers separated by filter permitting removal addition of all or part of contents
US4103685A (en) * 1976-01-05 1978-08-01 Lupien Paul J Method and apparatus for extravascular treatment of blood
EP0316767A2 (en) * 1987-11-13 1989-05-24 The Green Cross Corporation System for treating blood for autotransfusion
US4846800A (en) * 1987-10-14 1989-07-11 Kenneth Ouriel Two chambered autotransfuser device and method of use
US4850964A (en) * 1987-10-13 1989-07-25 Cotter Robert F Blood collection device
US4994022A (en) * 1989-02-02 1991-02-19 Stryker Corporation Blood conservation system
US5026525A (en) * 1987-05-19 1991-06-25 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Extracorporeal blood circulating apparatus
US5108702A (en) * 1988-08-20 1992-04-28 Huebner Karl Alexander Blood aerator
DE9403245U1 (en) * 1994-02-26 1994-05-05 Metec A Schneider Gmbh Device for collecting and roughly cleaning blood accumulated during operations at the operating site
US5520885A (en) * 1993-01-19 1996-05-28 Thermogenesis Corporation Fibrinogen processing apparatus, method and container
US5645540A (en) * 1994-10-11 1997-07-08 Stryker Corporation Blood conservation system
US5695489A (en) * 1991-09-30 1997-12-09 Baxter International Inc. Blood filtering container
US5713879A (en) * 1994-02-26 1998-02-03 Metec A. Schneider Gmbh Device for collecting and filtering blood
USRE36774E (en) * 1989-10-01 2000-07-11 Baxter Healthcare Corporation Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator
US6468427B1 (en) * 1998-09-29 2002-10-22 Gambro, Inc. Fluid filter for use in extracorporeal blood processing
US6602502B1 (en) * 1971-05-20 2003-08-05 Meir Strahilevitz Methods and devices for removing species
US20050004534A1 (en) * 2001-12-26 2005-01-06 Lockwood Jeffery S Vented vacuum bandage and method
US20050010153A1 (en) * 2001-12-26 2005-01-13 Lockwood Jeffrey S Vaccum bandage packing
US20060015087A1 (en) * 2001-10-11 2006-01-19 Risk James R Jr Waste container for negative pressure therapy
US20060029650A1 (en) * 2000-05-22 2006-02-09 Coffey Arthur C Combination SIS and vacuum bandage and method
US20060041247A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2006-02-23 Robert Petrosenko Wound packing for preventing wound closure
US20060191830A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2006-08-31 Henrik Ingvarsson Device for a body fluid bag
US20070005028A1 (en) * 1999-11-29 2007-01-04 Risk James R Jr Wound treatment apparatus
US7338482B2 (en) 2002-02-28 2008-03-04 Hill-Rom Services, Inc. External catheter access to vacuum bandage
US20100106117A1 (en) * 2000-11-29 2010-04-29 Kci Medical Resources Vacuum therapy and cleansing dressing for wounds
US7723560B2 (en) 2001-12-26 2010-05-25 Lockwood Jeffrey S Wound vacuum therapy dressing kit
US7763000B2 (en) 1999-11-29 2010-07-27 Risk Jr James R Wound treatment apparatus having a display
US7794438B2 (en) 1998-08-07 2010-09-14 Alan Wayne Henley Wound treatment apparatus
US7988680B2 (en) 2000-11-29 2011-08-02 Kci Medical Resources Vacuum therapy and cleansing dressing for wounds
US8168848B2 (en) 2002-04-10 2012-05-01 KCI Medical Resources, Inc. Access openings in vacuum bandage
US20210093758A1 (en) * 2019-09-30 2021-04-01 Hackensack Meridian Health, Inc. Blood collection and infusion container for autotransfusion
WO2021245122A1 (en) * 2020-06-05 2021-12-09 B. Braun Melsungen Ag Medical pressure gauge
US20220001089A1 (en) * 2017-11-14 2022-01-06 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Removal Of Microbubbles Through Drip Chamber Nucleation Sites

Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2032614A (en) * 1933-07-03 1936-03-03 Guiou Norman Miles Blood transfusion apparatus
US2573637A (en) * 1950-05-22 1951-10-30 Lilly Co Eli Treated stopper for and method of introducing antifoam agent into a liquid medicament or the like
US2682268A (en) * 1950-08-08 1954-06-29 Abbott Lab Venoclysis equipment
US2702034A (en) * 1950-07-20 1955-02-15 Fenwal Inc Apparatus for collecting, storing, and dispensing whole blood
US2804075A (en) * 1955-11-14 1957-08-27 Ruth O Borden Non-clogging surgical aspirator
US3175555A (en) * 1960-03-14 1965-03-30 Abbott Lab Apparatus for treating blood
US3191600A (en) * 1962-05-04 1965-06-29 Hazen F Everett Blood suction apparatus

Patent Citations (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2032614A (en) * 1933-07-03 1936-03-03 Guiou Norman Miles Blood transfusion apparatus
US2573637A (en) * 1950-05-22 1951-10-30 Lilly Co Eli Treated stopper for and method of introducing antifoam agent into a liquid medicament or the like
US2702034A (en) * 1950-07-20 1955-02-15 Fenwal Inc Apparatus for collecting, storing, and dispensing whole blood
US2682268A (en) * 1950-08-08 1954-06-29 Abbott Lab Venoclysis equipment
US2804075A (en) * 1955-11-14 1957-08-27 Ruth O Borden Non-clogging surgical aspirator
US3175555A (en) * 1960-03-14 1965-03-30 Abbott Lab Apparatus for treating blood
US3191600A (en) * 1962-05-04 1965-06-29 Hazen F Everett Blood suction apparatus

Cited By (63)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3730170A (en) * 1971-04-29 1973-05-01 T Michael Apparatus for distributing a sample of blood to a plurality of cultures
US6602502B1 (en) * 1971-05-20 2003-08-05 Meir Strahilevitz Methods and devices for removing species
US3789877A (en) * 1972-03-13 1974-02-05 T Noren Visual automatic liquid feeder
US3802432A (en) * 1972-05-18 1974-04-09 I Djerassi Apparatus for filtration-leukopheresis for separation and concentration of human granulocytes
US3807401A (en) * 1972-06-21 1974-04-30 Department Of Health Education Anticoagulating blood suction device
US3896733A (en) * 1973-10-18 1975-07-29 Pall Corp Autotransfusion apparatus
US3965896A (en) * 1974-06-17 1976-06-29 Swank Roy L Blood autotransfusion method and apparatus
US3993067A (en) * 1975-04-24 1976-11-23 Sherwood Medical Industries Inc. Autotransfusion device
US4047526A (en) * 1975-05-22 1977-09-13 Sorenson Research Co., Inc. Autologous blood system and method
US4006745A (en) * 1975-05-22 1977-02-08 Sorenson Research Co., Inc. Autologous transfusion system and method
US4014329A (en) * 1975-07-03 1977-03-29 The Rochester General Hospital Method and apparatus for autotransfusion of blood
US4033345A (en) * 1975-11-13 1977-07-05 Sorenson Research Co., Inc. Autologous transfusion filter system and method
US4103685A (en) * 1976-01-05 1978-08-01 Lupien Paul J Method and apparatus for extravascular treatment of blood
FR2362775A1 (en) * 1977-08-29 1978-03-24 Arnal Hubert D Sealed container for medical use - has two chambers separated by filter permitting removal addition of all or part of contents
US5026525A (en) * 1987-05-19 1991-06-25 Terumo Kabushiki Kaisha Extracorporeal blood circulating apparatus
US4850964A (en) * 1987-10-13 1989-07-25 Cotter Robert F Blood collection device
US4846800A (en) * 1987-10-14 1989-07-11 Kenneth Ouriel Two chambered autotransfuser device and method of use
EP0316767A3 (en) * 1987-11-13 1991-04-03 The Green Cross Corporation System for treating blood for autotransfusion
EP0316767A2 (en) * 1987-11-13 1989-05-24 The Green Cross Corporation System for treating blood for autotransfusion
US5108702A (en) * 1988-08-20 1992-04-28 Huebner Karl Alexander Blood aerator
US4994022A (en) * 1989-02-02 1991-02-19 Stryker Corporation Blood conservation system
USRE36774E (en) * 1989-10-01 2000-07-11 Baxter Healthcare Corporation Cylindrical blood heater/oxygenator
US5695489A (en) * 1991-09-30 1997-12-09 Baxter International Inc. Blood filtering container
US5520885A (en) * 1993-01-19 1996-05-28 Thermogenesis Corporation Fibrinogen processing apparatus, method and container
US5939023A (en) * 1993-01-19 1999-08-17 Thermogenesis Corp. Fibrinogen processing apparatus method and container
DE9403245U1 (en) * 1994-02-26 1994-05-05 Metec A Schneider Gmbh Device for collecting and roughly cleaning blood accumulated during operations at the operating site
US5713879A (en) * 1994-02-26 1998-02-03 Metec A. Schneider Gmbh Device for collecting and filtering blood
US5645540A (en) * 1994-10-11 1997-07-08 Stryker Corporation Blood conservation system
US5830198A (en) * 1994-10-11 1998-11-03 Stryker Corporation Blood conservation system
US20100312202A1 (en) * 1998-08-07 2010-12-09 Alan Wayne Henley Wound Treatment Apparatus
US7794438B2 (en) 1998-08-07 2010-09-14 Alan Wayne Henley Wound treatment apparatus
US8540687B2 (en) 1998-08-07 2013-09-24 Kci Licensing, Inc. Wound treatment apparatus
US6468427B1 (en) * 1998-09-29 2002-10-22 Gambro, Inc. Fluid filter for use in extracorporeal blood processing
US7678090B2 (en) 1999-11-29 2010-03-16 Risk Jr James R Wound treatment apparatus
US8021348B2 (en) 1999-11-29 2011-09-20 Kci Medical Resources Wound treatment apparatus
US20070005028A1 (en) * 1999-11-29 2007-01-04 Risk James R Jr Wound treatment apparatus
US7763000B2 (en) 1999-11-29 2010-07-27 Risk Jr James R Wound treatment apparatus having a display
US7910791B2 (en) 2000-05-22 2011-03-22 Coffey Arthur C Combination SIS and vacuum bandage and method
US20060029650A1 (en) * 2000-05-22 2006-02-09 Coffey Arthur C Combination SIS and vacuum bandage and method
US8747887B2 (en) 2000-05-22 2014-06-10 Kci Medical Resources Combination SIS and vacuum bandage and method
US20100106117A1 (en) * 2000-11-29 2010-04-29 Kci Medical Resources Vacuum therapy and cleansing dressing for wounds
US10357404B2 (en) 2000-11-29 2019-07-23 Kci Medical Resources Unlimited Company Vacuum therapy and cleansing dressing for wounds
US8246592B2 (en) 2000-11-29 2012-08-21 Kci Medical Resources Vacuum therapy and cleansing dressing for wounds
US7988680B2 (en) 2000-11-29 2011-08-02 Kci Medical Resources Vacuum therapy and cleansing dressing for wounds
US7867206B2 (en) 2000-11-29 2011-01-11 Kci Licensing, Inc. Vacuum therapy and cleansing dressing for wounds
US20060015087A1 (en) * 2001-10-11 2006-01-19 Risk James R Jr Waste container for negative pressure therapy
US7927318B2 (en) 2001-10-11 2011-04-19 Risk Jr James Robert Waste container for negative pressure therapy
US7195624B2 (en) * 2001-12-26 2007-03-27 Hill-Rom Services, Inc. Vented vacuum bandage with irrigation for wound healing and method
US20050004534A1 (en) * 2001-12-26 2005-01-06 Lockwood Jeffery S Vented vacuum bandage and method
US7896864B2 (en) 2001-12-26 2011-03-01 Lockwood Jeffrey S Vented vacuum bandage with irrigation for wound healing and method
US8350116B2 (en) 2001-12-26 2013-01-08 Kci Medical Resources Vacuum bandage packing
US7534927B2 (en) 2001-12-26 2009-05-19 Hill-Rom Services, Inc. Vacuum bandage packing
US7723560B2 (en) 2001-12-26 2010-05-25 Lockwood Jeffrey S Wound vacuum therapy dressing kit
US20050010153A1 (en) * 2001-12-26 2005-01-13 Lockwood Jeffrey S Vaccum bandage packing
US7338482B2 (en) 2002-02-28 2008-03-04 Hill-Rom Services, Inc. External catheter access to vacuum bandage
US8168848B2 (en) 2002-04-10 2012-05-01 KCI Medical Resources, Inc. Access openings in vacuum bandage
US7896856B2 (en) 2002-08-21 2011-03-01 Robert Petrosenko Wound packing for preventing wound closure
US20060041247A1 (en) * 2002-08-21 2006-02-23 Robert Petrosenko Wound packing for preventing wound closure
US7429325B2 (en) * 2003-03-26 2008-09-30 Hammarplast Medical Ab Device for a body fluid bag
US20060191830A1 (en) * 2003-03-26 2006-08-31 Henrik Ingvarsson Device for a body fluid bag
US20220001089A1 (en) * 2017-11-14 2022-01-06 Fresenius Medical Care Holdings, Inc. Removal Of Microbubbles Through Drip Chamber Nucleation Sites
US20210093758A1 (en) * 2019-09-30 2021-04-01 Hackensack Meridian Health, Inc. Blood collection and infusion container for autotransfusion
WO2021245122A1 (en) * 2020-06-05 2021-12-09 B. Braun Melsungen Ag Medical pressure gauge

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US3492991A (en) Autotransfusion apparatus
US4197847A (en) Method and apparatus for collecting transfusable granulocytes
US6033561A (en) Apheresis system incorporating alternative site for anticoagulant addition
JP3012689B2 (en) Autologous blood collection membrane system and method
US4886487A (en) Autotransfusion apparatus
US4772256A (en) Methods and apparatus for autotransfusion of blood
US5318510A (en) Collection device
US6770049B2 (en) Method of filling a tube system with a rinsing liquid and a tube system for use with this method
US20010049486A1 (en) Method and system for re-infusing filtered bodily aspirates
DK161940B (en) DOUBLE CROWN CATS AND APPARATUS FOR IN-VIEW COLLECTION OF BLOOD
DK162378B (en) DOUBLE tube CATHETER
JPH0475016B2 (en)
GB2101892A (en) Blood recovery apparatus
AU2005276343B2 (en) Autotransfusion method and autotransfusion device with phase separation and concentration, comprising removable bags
Lepore et al. Autotransfusion of mediastinal blood in cardiac surgery
US11452802B2 (en) Perfusion device and method for operating same
Bennett et al. Intraoperative autotransfusion: preliminary report of a new blood suction device for anticoagulation of autologous blood
US3411502A (en) Apparatus for exchanging body fluids
Faulkner et al. Trouble shooting the extracorporeal membrane oxygenator circuit and patient
Imhoff et al. Intraoperative autotransfusion with a new disposable system
RU2271834C1 (en) Device for carrying apparatus-free membrane plasmapheresis according to single-needle scheme
RU2335302C2 (en) Device for recovery and reinfusion of blood
SU1745261A1 (en) Device for blood aspiration and intraoperative reinfusion
US20210146025A1 (en) Methods and Systems for Collecting Whole Blood from a Donor and Maintaining Fluid Volume
De Rai et al. Postsplenectomy blood salvage in anemic patients