US3510934A - Method of manufacturing a writing or drawing nib - Google Patents
Method of manufacturing a writing or drawing nib Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3510934A US3510934A US613297A US3510934DA US3510934A US 3510934 A US3510934 A US 3510934A US 613297 A US613297 A US 613297A US 3510934D A US3510934D A US 3510934DA US 3510934 A US3510934 A US 3510934A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- fibre
- fibres
- bundle
- steel
- nib
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 5
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 58
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 27
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 27
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 26
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 18
- 229920002994 synthetic fiber Polymers 0.000 description 16
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 15
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 15
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 11
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 10
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 9
- 239000000976 ink Substances 0.000 description 7
- 229910000679 solder Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 4
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 235000004391 Chenopodium capitatum Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 244000038022 Chenopodium capitatum Species 0.000 description 3
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 3
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium chloride Chemical compound [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N Trioxochromium Chemical compound O=[Cr](=O)=O WGLPBDUCMAPZCE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000005260 corrosion Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000007797 corrosion Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007598 dipping method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000009834 vaporization Methods 0.000 description 2
- PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Glycerine Chemical compound OCC(O)CO PEDCQBHIVMGVHV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrochloric acid Chemical compound Cl VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- YNCZNSWQAGQAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N but-2-yne-1,1-diol Chemical compound CC#CC(O)O YNCZNSWQAGQAJY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N cocaine Chemical compound O([C@H]1C[C@@H]2CC[C@@H](N2C)[C@H]1C(=O)OC)C(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1 ZPUCINDJVBIVPJ-LJISPDSOSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005238 degreasing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010437 gem Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001751 gemstone Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005470 impregnation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001746 injection moulding Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002452 interceptive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012856 packing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007493 shaping process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003892 spreading Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010935 stainless steel Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B43—WRITING OR DRAWING IMPLEMENTS; BUREAU ACCESSORIES
- B43K—IMPLEMENTS FOR WRITING OR DRAWING
- B43K1/00—Nibs; Writing-points
- B43K1/12—Writing-points comprising fibres; Felt pads
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49801—Shaping fiber or fibered material
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49915—Overedge assembling of seated part
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49925—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall
- Y10T29/49927—Hollow body is axially joined cup or tube
- Y10T29/49929—Joined to rod
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T29/00—Metal working
- Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
- Y10T29/49826—Assembling or joining
- Y10T29/49908—Joining by deforming
- Y10T29/49925—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall
- Y10T29/49934—Inward deformation of aperture or hollow body wall by axially applying force
Definitions
- So called felt pens have been in use for some time.
- these writing instruments are fitted with a felt or synthetic-fibre nib lmade by a special method.
- Such synthetic-fibre nibs are made -by impregnating an unprocessed synthetic-fibre bundle in a synthetic resin solution, wiping the excess liquid from the synthetic fibres and then passing the suitably shaped synthetic fibre bundle through a drying device to evaporate a solvent contained in the synthetic resin by means of a hot-air fan.
- the already dried fibre bundle is then brought to its intended diameter in heating and 'shaping means.
- Synthetic-fibre nibs made in this way have however a very limited life due to their low wear resistance.
- the synthetic-resin impregnation l which is intended to hold the synthetic fibres together in the form of a pencil can only withstand small writing pressures and as a result the synthetic fibres spread and separate when relatively high writing pressures are used.
- the object of the invention is to provide felt or fibre pens which have a substantially greater wear resistance and resistance to pressure than the known syntheticfibre pens described above, and which at the same time considerably reduce the possibility of the ink evaporation.
- the fibre pens substantially from at least one bundle of thin metal fibres and a liquid-tight preferably metallic covering surrounding the metal fibres.
- the metal fibres and the covering are preferably made from corrosion-resistant materials, for example corrosion-resistant refined steel and nickel.
- the covering may also be provided with a hard-chrome coating to increase its wear resistance.
- metal threads or bundles assembled therefrom may be used.
- the liquid-tight metal coverings increase the strength of the fibre pens and confine the emergence of the writing liquid to the working point of the fibre nibs, i.e. to their end face which slides on the writing or drawing paper.
- the metal fibres have a higher mechanical strength than synthetic fibres, they can project at the nib of the bre pen more than synthetic fibres without fear of brush-like spreading of the fibre nibs under the writing pressure, which is a known disadvantage of syntheticfibre pens.
- the metal fibres combined with the metal covering thus make possible a more elastic writing than with the known synthetic-fibre pens.
- the wear resistance of synthetic substances and the fibres and coverings made therefrom is substantially less than the wear resistance of metal fibres and metal coverings, especially of such made from stainless and corrosionresistant refined steels.
- Metal-fibre pens thus have a higher wear reistance and longer life than synthetic-fibre pens.
- the thin metal fibres or threads preferably to be used may if necessary be slightly corrugated or curled for the fibre bundles or skeins required in the metal-fibre pens.
- the liquid-tight coverings may be applied to the fibre llbundles or skeins by galvanic deposition, vapour deposi- Commercial refined-steel fibres approximately 10 to 50,1 in diameter are first combined to form bundles of predetermined outer diameter and of the desired length, and then degreased electrolytically in an alkali bath, the fibre bundle lbeing connected as cathode and subjected to a current density of approximately 10 a. per dm.2 for ⁇ about 2 minutes at room temperature. The fibre nibs are thereafter thoroughly rinsed with water, neutralized with dilute hydrochloric acid and then again thoroughly rinsed with water.
- a suitable bath for this purpose is for example one which contains the following additives per litre of water:
- coverings of any desired thickness may be deposited.
- the desired thickness of the covering may be regulated by varying the deposition time.
- Nickel layers of approximately 12p thickness may be deposited per hour from the nickel bath used per a./dm.2 current density.
- thethicknesses of the nickel layers deposited on the fibre bundles is approximately 85 to 105,1. after one hour of galvanic treatment. With increasing thickness the surface of the covering becomes increasingly plane, so that after only a covering of about 15G/r the original surface of the fibre bundle inserted can hardly be recognized.
- counter electrodes which also consist of nickel and which surround the fibre bundles cylindrically are used to deposit the galvanic covering uniformly about the fibre bundle. It is however also possible to use fiat nickel electrodes and to rotate the fibre bundles about their own axis during deposition.
- nickel may also be deposited on the inner fibres and in the intermediate spaces. This may however be avoided by surrounding these fibre bundles before depositing the covering with a layer of thin fibres.
- a hardchromium layer about to 10a thick may also be applied to it.
- this thin hardchromium layer baths which contain in addition to water for example 250 g. CrO3 and 2.5 g. H2504 per litre of solution.
- the nickel-plated fibre bundles or fibre nibs are connected as cathode and subjected at 50 to 55 C. to about 50 a./dm.2.
- the material used for the anode is lead containing also small amounts (less than 1%) of antimony.
- the anodes are made tubular and put over the nickel-plated fibre nibs. It is however also possible to use flat anodes and rotate the fibre nibs as the chromium is deposited. To deposit chromium in the aforementioned thickness the the operation must be carried out for about 8.5 to 17 minutes under the conditions described.
- Method II The bundle consisting of irregularly intertwined steel fibres as in Method I is provided with a liquid-tight metal outer protective layer in a high-vacuum vapourization apparatus.
- the metal layer deposited is thick enough to hold the steel fibres together mechanically.
- a metallic layer may be vapourdeposited onto the already finished fibre nib and nib point in the high vacuum. It is however also possible to deposit the metallic layer by vapourization on a steelfibre bundle of greater length in the high vacuum and then to cut the bundle into individual nib lengths.
- Method III the steel-fibre bundle is passed after known pretreatment (degreasing) through a heated trough containing conventional liquid metallic solder, the solder forming a metallic protective covering in the outer zone of the steel-fibre bundle.
- the steel-fibre bundle is drawn through a die-like preheated nozzle, wiping of the excess solder and bringing the bundle to the desired diameter.
- the method is controlled such that the solder is deposited only in the outer edge zone of the fibre bundle in the form of a covering, without interfering with the capillary inner spaces of the steel-fibre bundle.
- Pencil-shaped fibre nibs of predetermined length may then be cut from the finished steel-fibre bundle.
- the steel-fibre bundle is given a liquid-tight covering which consists of a metal tube, a very thin-walled but corrosion-resistant steel tube of high strength preferably being used.
- the skein-like steel fibres irregularly intertwined are drawn relatively loosely into this metal tube.
- the thin-Walled steel tube with the steel-fibre bundle disposed therein is then drawn through an extremely hard die made in the form of a draw-plate and consisting of imitation precious stone or the like, reducing the outer and inner diameters of the steel tube at the same time.
- the steel-fibre bundle on the inside is thereby held suitably firmly; although the steel fibres are pressed strongly enough together to ensure that they are held xed in the tubular casing, the capillary intermediate spaces remain.
- a modification of this method is to roll a tube round the steel fibres. lIn this operation, the steel-fibre bundle is inserted in a half-open pre-rolled metal tube. The tube is thereafter also drawn through 'a nozzle-shaped die and brought to a predetermined outer diameter. The capillary steel-fibre body sits firmly inside the tube in this case as well, but the tube has a seam along its entire length.
- the steel tube described above is however a seamless predrawn tube.
- Method V a liquid-light plastic covering is injection moulded around the skein-like preformed steel fibres in an injection mould.
- plastics of high wear resistance are preferably used. This method is particularly suited to fibre nibs of relatively large diameter.
- Method VI the outer zone of the steel-fibre bundle is covered by applying a layer of lacquer adhesive, preferably with an epoxy resin base. This is done by dipping the steel-fibre into the corresponding plastic liquid and then wiping off the excess amount of the covering substance by means of a nozzle-shaped device.
- FIG. l is a longitudinal section through such a nib, in which metal fibres, especially steel fibres 1, are combined irregularly to form a bundle and provided with a covering layer 2 which extends only into the outer zone of the bundle and leaves its capillary inner spaces free.
- the fibre nib so formed is ground at the lower end 3 to a point, and -a quick-drying ink is supplied to its upper end face from an ink container (not shown).
- the covering layer 2 may be produced by galvanic methods, by vapour-deposition, by solder coating, or finally by injection-molding plastic yaround the bundle or by dipping into a plastic liquid.
- FIG. 2 shows a similar fibre nib which is not of circular cross-section as in FIG. 1 but of rectangular cross-section.
- the nib 31 accordingly forms a rectangular surface ywhich is suited to the production of wide lines.
- FIG. 3 shows 'a longitudinal section through a fibre nib which is of circular cross-section as in FIG. 1 but which is reduced in diameter at the front end at 41.
- This fibre nib is particularly suitable for so called Indian-ink pens which are used in conjunction with writing or drawing stencils. In this case, the writing liquid emerges from the lower end face of the nib end 41.
- the covering l-ayer 4 may be produced by one of the methods described.
- FIG. 4 shows a nib which is held in the manner of a fountain pen 'when in use and which like the nibs described above consists of a covered fibre bundle.
- the covering is interrupted at 5 so that the steel-fibre bundle is exposed at this point and the ink can emerge at this exposed surface.
- FIG. 5 shows anauy a fibre nib in which the steel-'abre bundle is held in a steel tube 6 according to Method IV, and the nib is ground, in a preferred form, semicircularly at 32; this embodiment is particularly suited to Indian-ink pins which are used in conjunction with stencils and the I claim:
- the method of manufacturing a writing or drawing nib comprising the steps of forming a metal fibre bundle of irregularly intertwined'metal fibers, inserting said fibre bundle into a metal tube vlich will serve as a 1iquid- References Cited tight covering therefor and drawing the metal tube UNITED STATES PATENTS through a die which reduces the outer and inner diame- 186,707 1/1877 Blunt 401 198 ters of the tube to rmly hold the fiber bundle in place 1,463,015 7/ 1923 Guay 29-517 X While permitting capillary intermediate spaces to remain. 5 118391964 1/1932 Harvey 29-517 X 2.
Description
May12,.1970 H. Kol-:LICHEN 3,5w934 METHOD OF MANUFACTURING A WRITING OR DRAWING NIB Filed Feb. 1, 196'? Fig. 5y
United *Stan-:s- Patent O F 48,354 Int. Cl. B23p 17/00, 7l/00; B21d 39/00 U.S. Cl. 29-419 2 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE Writing or drawing nibs consisting of a bundle of metal fibers or threads within a liquid-tight metal covering. The metalic cover for the nibs may be provided by nickel or chromium coatings, or by mounting the fibers within a steel tube. The thus covered fiber bundle may additionally be covered with a protective epoxy resin coating.
So called felt pens have been in use for some time. As is known, these writing instruments are fitted with a felt or synthetic-fibre nib lmade by a special method. Such synthetic-fibre nibs are made -by impregnating an unprocessed synthetic-fibre bundle in a synthetic resin solution, wiping the excess liquid from the synthetic fibres and then passing the suitably shaped synthetic fibre bundle through a drying device to evaporate a solvent contained in the synthetic resin by means of a hot-air fan. The already dried fibre bundle is then brought to its intended diameter in heating and 'shaping means. The evaporation of the solvent in the synthetic resin gives rise to free spaces ibetween Vthe irregularly intertwined synthetic fibres, and said'free spaces are filled with liquid by capillary action when the nib is connected to an ink or liquid container and thus traversed by liquid during the writing and drawing operation.
Synthetic-fibre nibs made in this way have however a very limited life due to their low wear resistance.
Furthermore, the synthetic-resin impregnation lwhich is intended to hold the synthetic fibres together in the form of a pencil can only withstand small writing pressures and as a result the synthetic fibres spread and separate when relatively high writing pressures are used.
A further disadvantage of these synthetic-fibre nibs has been found in practice to be evaporation of residual writing liquid inthe outer zone of the nib body, as the result of which drying -may extend from the outer end zone of the fibre nib body up to the nib point.
The object of the invention is to provide felt or fibre pens which have a substantially greater wear resistance and resistance to pressure than the known syntheticfibre pens described above, and which at the same time considerably reduce the possibility of the ink evaporation.
It was surprisingly possibly to achieve this object by constructing the fibre pens substantially from at least one bundle of thin metal fibres and a liquid-tight preferably metallic covering surrounding the metal fibres. The metal fibres and the covering are preferably made from corrosion-resistant materials, for example corrosion-resistant refined steel and nickel. The covering may also be provided with a hard-chrome coating to increase its wear resistance. Instead of the bundles of metal fibres, metal threads or bundles assembled therefrom may be used.,
The liquid-tight metal coverings increase the strength of the fibre pens and confine the emergence of the writing liquid to the working point of the fibre nibs, i.e. to their end face which slides on the writing or drawing paper.
p ice Evaporation of the solvent of the Indian ink is thus prevented along the cylindrical outer surface of the fibre pen and the use of rapid-drying inks or Indian inks made possible for fibre pens.
Since the metal fibres have a higher mechanical strength than synthetic fibres, they can project at the nib of the bre pen more than synthetic fibres without fear of brush-like spreading of the fibre nibs under the writing pressure, which is a known disadvantage of syntheticfibre pens. The metal fibres combined with the metal covering thus make possible a more elastic writing than with the known synthetic-fibre pens.
The wear resistance of synthetic substances and the fibres and coverings made therefrom is substantially less than the wear resistance of metal fibres and metal coverings, especially of such made from stainless and corrosionresistant refined steels. Metal-fibre pens thus have a higher wear reistance and longer life than synthetic-fibre pens.
The thin metal fibres or threads preferably to be used may if necessary be slightly corrugated or curled for the fibre bundles or skeins required in the metal-fibre pens.
The liquid-tight coverings may be applied to the fibre llbundles or skeins by galvanic deposition, vapour deposi- Commercial refined-steel fibres approximately 10 to 50,1 in diameter are first combined to form bundles of predetermined outer diameter and of the desired length, and then degreased electrolytically in an alkali bath, the fibre bundle lbeing connected as cathode and subjected to a current density of approximately 10 a. per dm.2 for `about 2 minutes at room temperature. The fibre nibs are thereafter thoroughly rinsed with water, neutralized with dilute hydrochloric acid and then again thoroughly rinsed with water.
The fibre bundles thus cleaned are then transferred to a galvanic bath for depositing nickel. A suitable bath for this purpose is for example one which contains the following additives per litre of water:
G. Niso4-5H2o 175 KF l5 HB03 1o Nazso4 10 NaCl 5 H2804 7.5 Butinediol 5 This bath operates at a pH value of about 4.8. In it, the fibre bundles are connected as cathode and subjected y in the centre to about 7 to 9 a. per dm.2 at 50 C. With the irregular surface of the fibre bundles however, the local load can lie between 5 to l2 a. per dm.2 at the start of the nickel depositing.
Under the above conditions, coverings of any desired thickness may be deposited. The desired thickness of the covering may be regulated by varying the deposition time. Nickel layers of approximately 12p thickness may be deposited per hour from the nickel bath used per a./dm.2 current density. Under the conditions described above,
thethicknesses of the nickel layers deposited on the fibre bundles is approximately 85 to 105,1. after one hour of galvanic treatment. With increasing thickness the surface of the covering becomes increasingly plane, so that after only a covering of about 15G/r the original surface of the fibre bundle inserted can hardly be recognized.
For the galvanic deposition of coverings of nickel described, counter electrodes (anodes) which also consist of nickel and which surround the fibre bundles cylindrically are used to deposit the galvanic covering uniformly about the fibre bundle. It is however also possible to use fiat nickel electrodes and to rotate the fibre bundles about their own axis during deposition.
In this method, when very thin metal fibres are used only the outer fibres of the bundle are coated `with nickel and no nickel is deposited on the fibres disposed inside the bundle and on the intermediate spaces between them.
When using thicker metal fibres or threads, particularly with a low packing density, nickel may also be deposited on the inner fibres and in the intermediate spaces. This may however be avoided by surrounding these fibre bundles before depositing the covering with a layer of thin fibres.
If a very high wear resistance is desired, a hardchromium layer about to 10a thick may also be applied to it. For the galvanic depositing of this thin hardchromium layer baths are used which contain in addition to water for example 250 g. CrO3 and 2.5 g. H2504 per litre of solution. The nickel-plated fibre bundles or fibre nibs are connected as cathode and subjected at 50 to 55 C. to about 50 a./dm.2. The material used for the anode is lead containing also small amounts (less than 1%) of antimony. In this case too, the anodes are made tubular and put over the nickel-plated fibre nibs. It is however also possible to use flat anodes and rotate the fibre nibs as the chromium is deposited. To deposit chromium in the aforementioned thickness the the operation must be carried out for about 8.5 to 17 minutes under the conditions described.
Method II The bundle consisting of irregularly intertwined steel fibres as in Method I is provided with a liquid-tight metal outer protective layer in a high-vacuum vapourization apparatus. The metal layer deposited is thick enough to hold the steel fibres together mechanically.
With this method, a metallic layer may be vapourdeposited onto the already finished fibre nib and nib point in the high vacuum. It is however also possible to deposit the metallic layer by vapourization on a steelfibre bundle of greater length in the high vacuum and then to cut the bundle into individual nib lengths.
Method III In this method, the steel-fibre bundle is passed after known pretreatment (degreasing) through a heated trough containing conventional liquid metallic solder, the solder forming a metallic protective covering in the outer zone of the steel-fibre bundle. After pretreating the fibres with the solder, the steel-fibre bundle is drawn through a die-like preheated nozzle, wiping of the excess solder and bringing the bundle to the desired diameter. The method is controlled such that the solder is deposited only in the outer edge zone of the fibre bundle in the form of a covering, without interfering with the capillary inner spaces of the steel-fibre bundle.
Pencil-shaped fibre nibs of predetermined length may then be cut from the finished steel-fibre bundle.
Method IV The steel-fibre bundle is given a liquid-tight covering which consists of a metal tube, a very thin-walled but corrosion-resistant steel tube of high strength preferably being used. The skein-like steel fibres irregularly intertwined are drawn relatively loosely into this metal tube. The thin-Walled steel tube with the steel-fibre bundle disposed therein is then drawn through an extremely hard die made in the form of a draw-plate and consisting of imitation precious stone or the like, reducing the outer and inner diameters of the steel tube at the same time. The steel-fibre bundle on the inside is thereby held suitably firmly; although the steel fibres are pressed strongly enough together to ensure that they are held xed in the tubular casing, the capillary intermediate spaces remain.
A modification of this method is to roll a tube round the steel fibres. lIn this operation, the steel-fibre bundle is inserted in a half-open pre-rolled metal tube. The tube is thereafter also drawn through 'a nozzle-shaped die and brought to a predetermined outer diameter. The capillary steel-fibre body sits firmly inside the tube in this case as well, but the tube has a seam along its entire length. The steel tube described above is however a seamless predrawn tube.
Method V In this method, a liquid-light plastic covering is injection moulded around the skein-like preformed steel fibres in an injection mould. For this purpose, plastics of high wear resistance are preferably used. This method is particularly suited to fibre nibs of relatively large diameter.
Method VI In this case, the outer zone of the steel-fibre bundle is covered by applying a layer of lacquer adhesive, preferably with an epoxy resin base. This is done by dipping the steel-fibre into the corresponding plastic liquid and then wiping off the excess amount of the covering substance by means of a nozzle-shaped device.
The drawings show various examples of embodiment of drawing and writing nibs made according to the invention.
FIG. l is a longitudinal section through such a nib, in which metal fibres, especially steel fibres 1, are combined irregularly to form a bundle and provided with a covering layer 2 which extends only into the outer zone of the bundle and leaves its capillary inner spaces free. The fibre nib so formed is ground at the lower end 3 to a point, and -a quick-drying ink is supplied to its upper end face from an ink container (not shown). The covering layer 2 may be produced by galvanic methods, by vapour-deposition, by solder coating, or finally by injection-molding plastic yaround the bundle or by dipping into a plastic liquid.
FIG. 2 shows a similar fibre nib which is not of circular cross-section as in FIG. 1 but of rectangular cross-section. The nib 31 accordingly forms a rectangular surface ywhich is suited to the production of wide lines.
FIG. 3 shows 'a longitudinal section through a fibre nib which is of circular cross-section as in FIG. 1 but which is reduced in diameter at the front end at 41. This fibre nib is particularly suitable for so called Indian-ink pens which are used in conjunction with writing or drawing stencils. In this case, the writing liquid emerges from the lower end face of the nib end 41. The covering l-ayer 4 may be produced by one of the methods described.
FIG. 4 shows a nib which is held in the manner of a fountain pen 'when in use and which like the nibs described above consists of a covered fibre bundle. The covering is interrupted at 5 so that the steel-fibre bundle is exposed at this point and the ink can emerge at this exposed surface.
FIG. 5 shows anauy a fibre nib in which the steel-'abre bundle is held in a steel tube 6 according to Method IV, and the nib is ground, in a preferred form, semicircularly at 32; this embodiment is particularly suited to Indian-ink pins which are used in conjunction with stencils and the I claim:
1. The method of manufacturing a writing or drawing nib comprising the steps of forming a metal fibre bundle of irregularly intertwined'metal fibers, inserting said fibre bundle into a metal tube vlich will serve as a 1iquid- References Cited tight covering therefor and drawing the metal tube UNITED STATES PATENTS through a die which reduces the outer and inner diame- 186,707 1/1877 Blunt 401 198 ters of the tube to rmly hold the fiber bundle in place 1,463,015 7/ 1923 Guay 29-517 X While permitting capillary intermediate spaces to remain. 5 118391964 1/1932 Harvey 29-517 X 2. The method of'manufacturing a writing or drawing Vtnbe-n. 29-517 X mb as defined 1n cla1m 1 whereln said bre bundle is 1n- 3,361,516 1/1968 Rigondaud serted into a half open, pre-rolled metal tube which, after 10 having been drawn through the die for reducing the CHARLIE T' MOON Pnmary Exammer outer land inner diameters thereof, is closed along a longi- U.S. Cl. X.R. tudinal seam. 29-509, 517, 520; 401-198
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DEF48354A DE1298908B (en) | 1966-02-04 | 1966-02-04 | Writing and drawing tip |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3510934A true US3510934A (en) | 1970-05-12 |
Family
ID=7102192
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US613297A Expired - Lifetime US3510934A (en) | 1966-02-04 | 1967-02-01 | Method of manufacturing a writing or drawing nib |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3510934A (en) |
DE (1) | DE1298908B (en) |
FR (1) | FR1511771A (en) |
GB (1) | GB1170967A (en) |
Cited By (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3767520A (en) * | 1971-11-24 | 1973-10-23 | F Dick | Extruded fibrous liquid reservoir and method of making same |
US4043682A (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1977-08-23 | Glasrock Products, Inc. | Writing nib structure and method of manufacture |
US4311406A (en) * | 1979-06-25 | 1982-01-19 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Hybrid piston pin |
US4453849A (en) * | 1982-06-18 | 1984-06-12 | Fernandez Manuel J | Protective shield for a felt tip pen |
US4531853A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1985-07-30 | Shachihata Industry Co., Ltd. | Writing instrument with a metal wire point |
US4622985A (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1986-11-18 | A. W. Faber-Castell Gmbh & Co. | Applicator tip and cosmetic applicator provided therewith |
US4715105A (en) * | 1985-07-01 | 1987-12-29 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of preparation of packed fiber glass reaction vessel |
US5179778A (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1993-01-19 | Dickson Lawrence J | Method and means for producing disks of tightly packed on-end aligned fibers |
US5888362A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1999-03-30 | Fegan, Jr.; Lloyd V. | Apparatus for analyzing precious metals |
US6039486A (en) * | 1997-05-15 | 2000-03-21 | Breslin; Daniel V. | Pen |
US20050196224A1 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2005-09-08 | Breslin Daniel V. | Pen |
Families Citing this family (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3609052A (en) * | 1969-02-17 | 1971-09-28 | A Albert Airosus | Fluid dispensing |
CA1049241A (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1979-02-27 | Glasrock Products | Writing nib structure and method of manufacture |
US4221493A (en) * | 1977-08-31 | 1980-09-09 | Scripto, Inc. | Pen nibs |
GB8312584D0 (en) * | 1983-05-06 | 1983-06-08 | Gillette Co | Pens |
DE3408903A1 (en) * | 1984-03-10 | 1985-09-19 | A.W. Faber-Castell Unternehmensverwaltung GmbH & Co, 8504 Stein | COSMETIC APPLICATION DEVICE |
US4729808A (en) * | 1986-04-15 | 1988-03-08 | American Filtrona Corporation | Ink reservoir having continuous random sliver with stretch yarn |
US4822193A (en) * | 1986-04-15 | 1989-04-18 | American Filtrona Corporation | Ink reservoir having continuous random sliver with stretch yarn |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US186707A (en) * | 1877-01-30 | Improvement in hand-stamps | ||
US1463015A (en) * | 1919-11-04 | 1923-07-24 | Gen Electric | Actuating device and method of making the same |
US1839964A (en) * | 1925-01-28 | 1932-01-05 | Steel And Tubes Inc | Process for making bimetallic tubes |
US2762413A (en) * | 1953-05-26 | 1956-09-11 | Ernest W Walter | Tire patch and method of making |
US3157143A (en) * | 1959-09-18 | 1964-11-17 | Philips Corp | Solder tip |
US3361516A (en) * | 1965-07-28 | 1968-01-02 | Foyer & Cie Le | Tracing implements |
Family Cites Families (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2203025A (en) * | 1938-01-31 | 1940-06-04 | Universal Oil Prod Co | Conversion of hydrocarbon oils |
DE1027104B (en) * | 1955-12-29 | 1958-03-27 | Deutsche Bundesbahn | Fountain pen |
DE1916714A1 (en) * | 1969-04-01 | 1970-10-15 | Ver Flugtechnische Werke | Flexible web input guides for roller sets |
-
1966
- 1966-02-04 DE DEF48354A patent/DE1298908B/en active Pending
-
1967
- 1967-02-01 US US613297A patent/US3510934A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1967-02-02 GB GB5029/67D patent/GB1170967A/en not_active Expired
- 1967-02-03 FR FR93718A patent/FR1511771A/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US186707A (en) * | 1877-01-30 | Improvement in hand-stamps | ||
US1463015A (en) * | 1919-11-04 | 1923-07-24 | Gen Electric | Actuating device and method of making the same |
US1839964A (en) * | 1925-01-28 | 1932-01-05 | Steel And Tubes Inc | Process for making bimetallic tubes |
US2762413A (en) * | 1953-05-26 | 1956-09-11 | Ernest W Walter | Tire patch and method of making |
US3157143A (en) * | 1959-09-18 | 1964-11-17 | Philips Corp | Solder tip |
US3361516A (en) * | 1965-07-28 | 1968-01-02 | Foyer & Cie Le | Tracing implements |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3767520A (en) * | 1971-11-24 | 1973-10-23 | F Dick | Extruded fibrous liquid reservoir and method of making same |
US4043682A (en) * | 1975-06-13 | 1977-08-23 | Glasrock Products, Inc. | Writing nib structure and method of manufacture |
US4311406A (en) * | 1979-06-25 | 1982-01-19 | Exxon Research & Engineering Co. | Hybrid piston pin |
US4622985A (en) * | 1981-09-21 | 1986-11-18 | A. W. Faber-Castell Gmbh & Co. | Applicator tip and cosmetic applicator provided therewith |
US4531853A (en) * | 1981-11-02 | 1985-07-30 | Shachihata Industry Co., Ltd. | Writing instrument with a metal wire point |
US4453849A (en) * | 1982-06-18 | 1984-06-12 | Fernandez Manuel J | Protective shield for a felt tip pen |
US4715105A (en) * | 1985-07-01 | 1987-12-29 | Ppg Industries, Inc. | Method of preparation of packed fiber glass reaction vessel |
US5179778A (en) * | 1992-02-25 | 1993-01-19 | Dickson Lawrence J | Method and means for producing disks of tightly packed on-end aligned fibers |
US5888362A (en) * | 1994-11-30 | 1999-03-30 | Fegan, Jr.; Lloyd V. | Apparatus for analyzing precious metals |
US6039486A (en) * | 1997-05-15 | 2000-03-21 | Breslin; Daniel V. | Pen |
US20050196224A1 (en) * | 2004-03-03 | 2005-09-08 | Breslin Daniel V. | Pen |
US7080952B2 (en) | 2004-03-03 | 2006-07-25 | Daniel V. Breslin | Pen |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR1511771A (en) | 1968-02-02 |
GB1170967A (en) | 1969-11-19 |
DE1298908B (en) | 1969-07-03 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3510934A (en) | Method of manufacturing a writing or drawing nib | |
US4551038A (en) | Writing instrument tip | |
US2448513A (en) | Electrostatic condenser plate | |
DE2462450A1 (en) | PROCESS FOR ELECTRICALLY PLATING OR GALVANIZING METALS AND ARTICLE MANUFACTURED WITH THIS PROCESS | |
US4326928A (en) | Method of electroforming | |
US839537A (en) | Holder for fountain-pens, &c. | |
DE4124210C2 (en) | ||
DE4305369C2 (en) | Process for the production of pencils, in particular cosmetic pencils | |
WO2008089926A1 (en) | Mascara applicator | |
DE1452370A1 (en) | Process for the production of thin needles | |
DE3839223C2 (en) | Selective electroplating device | |
DE1446214A1 (en) | Process for applying metallic coatings to dielectrics | |
DE102017114242B4 (en) | Process for manufacturing a visible part with a structured and metallized PVD coating | |
CN204817102U (en) | Take coating feeding device's applicator roll | |
DE1765622B2 (en) | Electric heating cable and process for its manufacture | |
DE454838C (en) | Process for the production of colored roofing felt soaked with meltable masses | |
DE102020104038A1 (en) | Process for the production of high-frequency technical functional structures | |
DE1621156A1 (en) | Process for electroplating plastic parts | |
DE10246379A1 (en) | Flock-coated cosmetic-applicator head has hollow basic body containing applicator holes, flock-coated surface, adhesive applicator by pressurized air | |
JPH0474868A (en) | Method for plating fiber reinforced plastic structure | |
CN208055343U (en) | A kind of microorganism applies the uniform paint daubs of bacterium | |
DE1915859A1 (en) | Accumulator with composite electrodes - having a support structure | |
JPS6157346A (en) | Manufacture of nozzle for injection of very small quantity of article | |
DE1439346C (en) | Small winding electrical capacitor | |
CH619649A5 (en) | Refill for a ball-point pen |