US3526524A - Fortified paste rosin size containing a dissolved content of a cationic water-soluble polyalkylenepolyamine - Google Patents
Fortified paste rosin size containing a dissolved content of a cationic water-soluble polyalkylenepolyamine Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3526524A US3526524A US653354A US3526524DA US3526524A US 3526524 A US3526524 A US 3526524A US 653354 A US653354 A US 653354A US 3526524D A US3526524D A US 3526524DA US 3526524 A US3526524 A US 3526524A
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- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- size
- polyalkylenepolyamine
- rosin
- paste
- rosin size
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Links
- RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N Abietic-Saeure Natural products C12CCC(C(C)C)=CC2=CCC2C1(C)CCCC2(C)C(O)=O RSWGJHLUYNHPMX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 53
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N Rosin Natural products O(C/C=C/c1ccccc1)[C@H]1[C@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](O)[C@@H](CO)O1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-HUOMCSJISA-N 0.000 title description 53
- KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-cinnamyl beta-D-glucopyranoside Natural products OC1C(O)C(O)C(CO)OC1OCC=CC1=CC=CC=C1 KHPCPRHQVVSZAH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title description 53
- 125000002091 cationic group Chemical group 0.000 title description 18
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 34
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 14
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 description 13
- JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N lactic acid Chemical compound CC(O)C(O)=O JVTAAEKCZFNVCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 11
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 10
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 9
- 229920001187 thermosetting polymer Polymers 0.000 description 9
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 8
- WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,2-Dichloroethane Chemical compound ClCCCl WSLDOOZREJYCGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 7
- CREXVNNSNOKDHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N azaniumylideneazanide Chemical group N[N] CREXVNNSNOKDHW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920002521 macromolecule Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 7
- WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N adipic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WNLRTRBMVRJNCN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000004310 lactic acid Substances 0.000 description 6
- 235000014655 lactic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 6
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Epichlorohydrin Chemical compound ClCC1CO1 BRLQWZUYTZBJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Isopropanol Chemical compound CC(C)O KFZMGEQAYNKOFK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 239000007795 chemical reaction product Substances 0.000 description 5
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N Fumaric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C\C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-OWOJBTEDSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 4
- FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetraethylenepentamine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCNCCN FAGUFWYHJQFNRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Diethylenetriamine Chemical compound NCCNCCN RPNUMPOLZDHAAY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229920002873 Polyethylenimine Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000001361 adipic acid Substances 0.000 description 3
- 235000011037 adipic acid Nutrition 0.000 description 3
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000835 fiber Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000003784 tall oil Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920003043 Cellulose fiber Polymers 0.000 description 2
- PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethylenediamine Chemical compound NCCN PIICEJLVQHRZGT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M Ilexoside XXIX Chemical compound C[C@@H]1CC[C@@]2(CC[C@@]3(C(=CC[C@H]4[C@]3(CC[C@@H]5[C@@]4(CC[C@@H](C5(C)C)OS(=O)(=O)[O-])C)C)[C@@H]2[C@]1(C)O)C)C(=O)O[C@H]6[C@@H]([C@H]([C@@H]([C@H](O6)CO)O)O)O.[Na+] DGAQECJNVWCQMB-PUAWFVPOSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M Potassium chloride Chemical compound [Cl-].[K+] WCUXLLCKKVVCTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- 150000007513 acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229940037003 alum Drugs 0.000 description 2
- 239000007864 aqueous solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007900 aqueous suspension Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000005189 flocculation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000016615 flocculation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000001530 fumaric acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011121 hardwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- ADLPVBCBMDDLJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-[2-[2-(2-aminoethylamino)ethylamino]ethyl]ethane-1,2-diamine;hexanedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O.NCCNCCNCCNCCN ADLPVBCBMDDLJK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002866 paraformaldehyde Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000035515 penetration Effects 0.000 description 2
- IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N pentachlorophenol Chemical compound OC1=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C(Cl)C(Cl)=C1Cl IZUPBVBPLAPZRR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011122 softwood Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 2
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 2
- VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,2,2-tetramine Chemical compound NCCNCCNCCN VILCJCGEZXAXTO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acetate Chemical compound CC([O-])=O QTBSBXVTEAMEQO-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Cyanamide Chemical compound NC#N XZMCDFZZKTWFGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920002472 Starch Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000996 additive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000003368 amide group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000000129 anionic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N bisphenol A Chemical compound C=1C=C(O)C=CC=1C(C)(C)C1=CC=C(O)C=C1 IISBACLAFKSPIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- YTIVTFGABIZHHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N butynedioic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C#CC(O)=O YTIVTFGABIZHHX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000009833 condensation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005494 condensation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000001143 conditioned effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005187 foaming Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001879 gelation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N methanone Chemical compound O=[14CH2] WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-NJFSPNSNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 244000005700 microbiome Species 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- WCBJENANOLBYPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n'-(2-aminoethyl)ethane-1,2-diamine;hexanedioic acid Chemical compound NCCNCCN.OC(=O)CCCCC(O)=O WCBJENANOLBYPD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N n,n'-methylenebisacrylamide Chemical compound C=CC(=O)NCNC(=O)C=C ZIUHHBKFKCYYJD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004433 nitrogen atom Chemical group N* 0.000 description 1
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 1
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 229920002401 polyacrylamide Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000768 polyamine Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000011056 potassium acetate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000001103 potassium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000011164 potassium chloride Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L potassium sulfate Chemical compound [K+].[K+].[O-]S([O-])(=O)=O OTYBMLCTZGSZBG-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 229910052939 potassium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011151 potassium sulphates Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- CQRYARSYNCAZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N salicyl alcohol Chemical compound OCC1=CC=CC=C1O CQRYARSYNCAZFO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011734 sodium Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000015424 sodium Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M sodium chloride Inorganic materials [Na+].[Cl-] FAPWRFPIFSIZLT-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000011780 sodium chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052938 sodium sulfate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 235000011152 sodium sulphate Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000008107 starch Substances 0.000 description 1
- 235000019698 starch Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000003756 stirring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007738 vacuum evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/62—Rosin; Derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08G—MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS OBTAINED OTHERWISE THAN BY REACTIONS ONLY INVOLVING UNSATURATED CARBON-TO-CARBON BONDS
- C08G69/00—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming a carboxylic amide link in the main chain of the macromolecule
- C08G69/48—Polymers modified by chemical after-treatment
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L79/00—Compositions of macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen with or without oxygen or carbon only, not provided for in groups C08L61/00 - C08L77/00
- C08L79/02—Polyamines
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L93/00—Compositions of natural resins; Compositions of derivatives thereof
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
- C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
- C08L93/00—Compositions of natural resins; Compositions of derivatives thereof
- C08L93/04—Rosin
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21H—PULP COMPOSITIONS; PREPARATION THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES D21C OR D21D; IMPREGNATING OR COATING OF PAPER; TREATMENT OF FINISHED PAPER NOT COVERED BY CLASS B31 OR SUBCLASS D21G; PAPER NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- D21H17/00—Non-fibrous material added to the pulp, characterised by its constitution; Paper-impregnating material characterised by its constitution
- D21H17/20—Macromolecular organic compounds
- D21H17/33—Synthetic macromolecular compounds
- D21H17/46—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
- D21H17/54—Synthetic macromolecular compounds obtained otherwise than by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds obtained by reactions forming in the main chain of the macromolecule a linkage containing nitrogen
- D21H17/56—Polyamines; Polyimines; Polyester-imides
Description
United States Patent 3,526,524 FORTIFIED PASTE ROSIN SIZE CONTAINING A DISSOLVED CONTENT OF A CATIONIC WATER- SOLUBLE POLYALKYLENEPOLYAMINE Russell Joseph Kulick, Stockbridge, Mass., assignor to American Cyanamid Company, Stamford, Conn., a corporation of Maine No Drawing. Continuation-impart of applications Ser. No. 372,115, June 2, 1964, and Ser. No. 546,200, Apr. 29, 1966. This application July 14, 1967, Ser. No. 653,354
Int. Cl. C08h 11/04, 11/06; D21h 3/34 U.S. Cl. 106238 6 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE The invention provides paste rosin size of superior sizing properties resulting from the presence in the size of a dissolved content of a water-soluble cationic polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least 10 amino nitrogen atoms, the size may contain a small amount of a highly ionized water-soluble salt as an agent which decreases the viscosity of the size.
used are predetermined so that the product contains 60%-80% by weight of rosin size solids and 5%-25% of rosin acids based on the weight of the rosin solids (cf. US. Pat. No. 2,873,203) while having a viscosity at which it is pumpable, and small amounts of highly ionizing water soluble salts and lower alkanols may be present to decrease the viscosity of the size. Among the rosins used for the manufacture of this size are gum rosin, wood rosin, tall oil rosin, and mixtures thereof, as well as the fortified rosins prepared by reacting the aforementioned rosins with a small amount of formaldehyde, saligenin, maleic anhydride, fumaric acid, acetylenedicarboxylic acid, etc. The term fortifying" means that the added component increases the effectiveness of the size as an agent which renders cellulose fibers water-resistant when applied thereto in aqueous suspension by the action of alum.
The discovery has now been made that paste rosin size is very appreciably increased in its effectiveness as a sizing agent for paper when it contains a small dissolved amount of a cationic polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least 10 amino nitrogen atoms per macromolecule. Since rosin size is anionic and since the polyalkylenepolyamines are cationic, the present invention results from the discovery that an agent previously deemed incompatible with rosin size is in fact compatible therewith, up to a limit, and that up to that limit the agent enhances the beneficial properties of the size. The invention possesses the following additional advantages:
(1) It is applicable to sizes made from ordinary rosin as well as to sizes made from previously-known fortified rosins.
(2) It does not require that the rosin size be subjected to any unusual or difiicult processing step.
(3) It improves the resistance of cellulose fibers sized therewith to penetration not merely by water, but by hot aqueous lactic acid solutions as well.
The polyalkylenepolyamine fortifying agent produces 'ice the greatest percentage increase in the lactic acid resistance imparted by rosin size when the amount of the polyalkylenepolyamine fortifying agent which is added to the size and the amount of rosin size which is added to the fibrous suspension are both small.
In preferred instances the polyalkylenepolyamine more than doubles the lactic acid sizing efiiciency of the rosin size.
The fortifying action of the polyalkylenepolyamine increases per increment of polyalkylenepolyamine added to the size but at a decreasing percentage rate per increment, up to the point where the polyalkylenepolyamine causes the size to fiocculate or gel, and thus to pass from its paste state. Hence, there does not appear to be any critical amount of polyalkylenepolyamine fortifying agent below this limit which rosin size must contain to receive at least partial benefit of the present invention.
In general, the polyalkylenepolyamine fortifying agents present in the sizes of the present invention are normally water-soluble polyalkylenepolyamines of any configuration which contain more than (and preferably many more than) 10 basic amino nitrogen atoms per macromolecule and which do not decompose in paste rosin size, which is necessarily hot (50 C.- C.).
A variety of such polyalkylenepolyamine compounds are known which are suitable for use as fortifying agents in paste rosin size compositions of the present invention.
One type is the unmodified polyalkylenepolyamine type: for example, polyethylenimine itself; the substantially complete reaction product of one mol of ethylene dichloride and one mol of triethylenetetramine; and the substantially complete reaction product of one mol of ethylene dichloride with 3,3-iminobispropylamine in the presence of an acid acceptor, so as to form a condensate having a molecular weight in excess of about 2,000.
The evidence is that the presence of amide groups in polyalkylenepolyamine fortifying agents is advantageous, and accordingly there may be used the linear polyamidopolyamines formed by reacting one mol of adipic acid (or similar acid) with one mol of a lower polyalkylenepolyamine, preferably tetraethylenepentamine until about two mols of water have evolved.
Another class of polyamine which can be used are those formed by condensation methylenebisacrylamide with ethylenediamine to form a substantially linear polymer having a molecular Weight in excess of about 2,000.
The aforementioned polyalkylenepolyamines may be thermosetting or non-thermosetting, and each type is effective as fortifying agent.
Our evidence is that the higher the molecular weight of the polyalkylenepolyamine, the better is the fortifying action which it imparts.
The paste rosin sizes of the present invention are conveniently prepared by stirring a desired amount of a suitable water-soluble polyalkylenepolyamine fortifying agent directly into paste rosin size. The polyalkylenepolyamine is added in aqueous or solvent solution state; and the added solvent may be removed from the size by vacuum evaporation so as to return the size to its original solids content.
The fortifying agents of the present invention, being cationic, possess the property of fiocculating paste rosin size when added in too large amount. Necessarily, then, the maximum amount of the cationic fortifying agent which is present in paste rosin size according to the present invention is the largest amount which permits the size to remain in unfiocculated paste condition. This is usually less than 20% of the dry weight of the size.
This maximum amount depends both on the cationic strength of the fortifying agent and on the ionic strength of the size and consequently varies from instance to in stance, and may be as much as 20% of the weight of size solids in the size. The preferred amount in any instance is most easily determined by laboratory trial, as illustrated in the examples which follow. The presence of too much of the polyalkylenepolyamine fortifying agent in the size is evidenced by loss of paste consistency, so that the size is no longer of pumpable viscosity (less than 50 poises at 70 C.). Flocculation and precipitation of the size, when they occur, occur rapidly and are clearly visible to the eye.
In practice, we have found it preferable to use a strong polyalkylenepolyamine as fortifying agent and for the amount of polyalkylenepolyamine fortifying agent to be between about 0.5% and 3% of the dry weight of the sizing solids of the paste rosin size, as an amount of such fortifying agent within this range provides a significant improvement in sizing efficiency while usually avoiding the dangers of flocculation and precipitation of the size.
The size of the present invention is used in the manufacture of rosin sized paper in the same manner as paste rosin size has been used in the past, except that somewhat less is needed in any one instance to achieve a given level of sizing. The paper which is produced by the process is composed of paper sized by the rosin size and the polyalkylenepolyamine fortifying agent working in combination. The manner in which the cationic fortifying agent cooperates with the rosin size to produce this increase in sizing is not known, and applicant does not wish to be restricted to any theory.
The paste rosin size of the present invention may contain other materials such as are commercially present in paste rosin size, for example, isopropanol or other lower alkanols to decrease its viscosity, pentachlorophenol to prevent growth of microorganisms, and emulsified wax as supplementary sizing material. These materials are chemically inert and do not interfere with the action of the cationic fortifying agent. The size may also contain one or more highly ionizing water-soluble salts, for example sodium or potassium chloride or acetate or nitrate or preferably sodium or potassium sulfate or phosphate. These salts in small amount are fluidifying agents; i.e., they decrease the viscosity of the size.
The invention will be more particularly described by the examples which follow. These examples constitute specific embodiments of the invention, and are not to be construed as limitations thereof.
EXAMPLE 1 The following illustrates the preparation of paste rosin size compositions according to the present invention.
The rosin size used is a typical fortified rosin size of commercial grade prepared by reacting tall oil rosin with i 2% by Weight of paraformaldehyde at 150 C., heating the mixture at 270 C. for ha f an hour, cooling the mixture to 200 C., reacting the mixture with 5% of fumaric acid, and saponifying the resulting mixture with a solution of sodium hydroxide to form a paste rosin size containing 15% free rosin and 77% solids by weight.
Samples of the size are taken which are respectively treated at 70 C. (a typical temperature of paste rosin size) by incorporating therein the percentage of one of the polymers shown in the table below. The polymers are added as %4 0% neutral aqueous solutions after which sufiicient water is boiled 01f to return the solids content of the size to 77%.
One sample is reserved as control and to this nothing is added.
The sizes are stable against gelation and decomposition of the cationic agents when stored at 70 C. for seven days. The sizes are stable when diluted with water to 3% solids.
The comparative sizing efficiency of the sizes is determined by forming an aqueous suspension of a 70:30 bleached softwood: bleached hardwood pulp beaten to a Canadian standard freeness of 510 ml. and having a pH of 7. Aliquots are taken, and to these are added sufiicient of the mixture to provide 1% of size based on the dry weight of the fibers, followed by 1.5% of alum on the same basis. The pulp is sheeted to form handsheets having a basis weight of 200 lbs. per 25" x 40"/500 ream. The handsheets are pressed on a Noble & Wood press and are dried for 1.5 minutes on each side on a rotary laboratory drum drier having a drum temperature of 240 F.
The sheets are conditioned at F. and 5 0% relative humidity to constant Weight and their sizing is determined by ascertaining their resistance to penetration by 20% aqueous lactic acid solution at 100 F. applied to penescope under a 12" head.
Results are as follows:
Cationic fortifying agent Sizing tests Percent Lactic Run Percent size acid N o. Dcsig. in size 1 Name 1 added 3 resist 4 Control. None 1. 0 435 1 A-l 4 Adipic acid-TEPA 1. 0 566 c0nd., low M.W. 2 A2 4 Adipic aeid-TEPA 1.0 685 cond., high MW. 3 B 0.5 Adipic acid-TEPA- 1. 0 530 epi condensate. 1 0 do 1. 0 560 1 5 1. 0 830 3.0 1. 0 1, 150 2 0 1. 0 505 DETA. 8 D 0.5 Polyethylenirnine, 1. 0 475 MW. 40,000. 9 E 0.5 Ethylenediarru'ne 1. 0 460 ethylene dichloride con 10- Cationic starch 1. 0 (Cato 8).
1 Based on weight of size solids in the size.
2 For explanation of abbreviations, see text below. All fortlfying agents are nonthermosetting.
3 Based on dry weight of the fibers.
4 Seconds.
Polymers A1 and A-2 Prepared by mixing 1 mol of adipic acid and 1 mol of tetraethylenepentamine (TEPA) and heating at 150 C. A sample is removed after 1 hour when a low-molecular Weight polymer forms (A-1) having a molecular weight of a few thousand, and when the reaction is substantially complete at the end of 2 hours (polymer A-2) with formation of polymer of considerably higher molecular weight.
Polymer B Prepared by condensing 1 mol of adipic acid with 1 mol of TEPA at 150 C. to a viscosity of 1200 centipoises at that temperature, dissolving the condensate in 2 parts of water, heating the solution to C., and slowly adding 0.3 mol of epichlorohydrin (epi) per mol of combined tetraethylenepentarnine present. Reaction of the epichlorohydrin is complete in minutes. The product is a non-thermosetting watersoluble resin having a molecular weight over 5,000.
Polymer C Into 206 g. of vigorously stirred diethylenetriamine (DETA) at 90 C. is slowly dropped over 30 minutes g. of the diepoxy derivative of 2 mols of epichlorohydrin and 1 mol of bisphenol A. The temperature is kept at 100 C. by cooling during the reaction and for 30 minutes thereafter. The mixture is diluted with 50 ml. of water and g. of ethylenedichloride is added at such rate that the temperature of the liquid remains above 90 C., 50 ml. of water being added when the addition of the ethylene dichloride is 80% complete. The liquid is maintained at 90 C. after addition of all of the ethylene dichloride.
Polymer D Polyethylenimine having a molecular weight of approximately 40,000.
Polymer E Ethylene dichloride is added dropwise to hot ethylenediamine containing sodium hydroxide as said acceptor until a viscous Water-soluble condensate forms, which has a molecular weight in excess of three thousand.
EXAMPLE 2 The procedure of run 3 of Example 1 is repeated except that the pulp used is a 50:50 by weight bleached softwood:bleached hardwood pulp and the amount of size added is varied. Results with the size containing 0.5 of the polyalkylenepolyamine are illustrated by runs 1-5; control runs made in the same manner except that no cationic agent is present in the size are illustrated by runs 6-10. The comparative sizing of the handsheets was also determined by the total immersion test as percentage of water absorbed.
Qat. agent in Size added, H2O abs, Lactic acid Run N size, percent percent percent resist 3 1 Based on weight of rosin in the size. 2 Based on the dry weight of the fibers. 3 By method of Example 1.
EXAMPLE 3 Run Cat. agent Size added, H abs., Lactic acid No. in size 1 percent percent; resist l 1 For explanation see table of Example 2.
EXAMPLE 4 The procedure of run 5 of Example 1 is repeated, except that the rosin size to which the cationic agent is added is commercial gum rosin size containing no fortifying agent. The presence of the polyalkylenepolyamine fortifying agent approximately doubles the efiectiveness of the size.
EXAMPLE 5 The procedure of Example 3 is repeated, except that the resin is the thermosetting water-soluble diethylenetriamine-epichlorohydrin (1:3 molar ratio) resin of Example 1 of Daniel et al., U.S. Pat. No. 2,595,935. The resin exerts a similar fortifying action as the resin of Example 3 herein.
EXAMPLE 6 The procedure of Example 3 is repeated, except that the resin is a thermosetting water-soluble resin prepared by subjecting polyacrylamide to the Hofmann degradation to form a polyvinylamine composed of and CH CH (NH linkages in 3.7 ratio and then reacting with formaldehyde to form a thermosetting watersoluble resin. Similar results are obtained to those obtained in Example 3.
6 EXAMPLE 7 The following illustrates the effect of highly ionizing salts and lower alkanols in decreasing the viscosity of compositions according to the present invention.
A fortified rosin size is prepared by reacting a tall oil rosin with 2% of paraformaldehyde at 150 C., heating the rosin at 270 C. for 30 minutes to remove foaming components, reacting the rosin at 200 C. with 4% of its weight of furnaric acid and saponifying the rosin to solids and 15% free acid with aqueous sodium hydroxide. To the size is added 0.5% based on the weight of solids therein of polyethylenimine. Portions are taken. One is reserved as control and to this nothing is added. To the remaining portions are added aqueous solutions of the salts shown in the table below, after which all solutions are adjusted to 75% solids. The viscosities of the resulting paste sizes are then determined at 71 C. A similar preparation is made wherein the additive is isopropyl alcohol.
Results are as follows:
Viscosity (cp.) at 71 C.
1 Based on weight of sizing solids in size.
The presence of the salt in the size does not interfere with the fortifying action of the polyalkylenepolyamine.
I claim:
1. Paste rosin size of pumpable viscosity of from about 5% to 25% free rosin acids content containing between about 60% to of solids by weight, said size having a small but effective dissolved content of a cationic water-soluble polyalkylenepolyamine containing at least 10 amino nitrogen atoms per macromolecule as fortifying agent.
2. Paste rosin size according to claim 1 wherein the polyalkylenepolyamine is non-thermosetting.
3. Paste rosin size according to claim 1 wherein the polyalkylenepolyamine is a cationic 1:1 molar ratio adipic acid-tetraethylenepentamine condensate containing at least 10 amino nitrogen atoms per macromolecule.
4. Paste rosin size according to claim 1 wherein the polyalkylenepolyamine is the cationic reaction product of about 0.1 mol of epichlorohydrin with a 1:1 molar ratio adipic acid-tetraethylenepentamine condensate containing at least 10 amino nitrogen atoms per macromolecule.
5. Paste rosin size according to claim 1 wherein the polyalkylenepolyamine is a cationic 1:1 molar ratio diglycidyl etherpolyalkylenepolyamine condensate containing at least 10 amino nitrogen atoms per macromolecule.
6. Paste rosin size according to claim 1 wherein the polyalkylenepolyamine is a cationic normally thermosetting reaction product of about 1 mol of epichlorohydrin with a 1:1 molar ratio adipic acid-diethylenetriamine condensate in thermoset state, said reaction product containing at least 10 nitrogen atoms per macromolecule.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,305,493 2/1967 Emmons l62l64 ALLAN LIEBERMAN, Primary Examiner US. Cl. X.R.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE CERTIFICATE OF CORRECTION Patent No. 3,5 ,5 Dated fieptempglj 9 [Q Inventor(s) Russell Joseph Kulick It is certified that error appears in the above-identified patent and that said Letters Patent are hereby corrected as shown below:
Column 5 line 23 "56%" should be 56.5 Column 5 line 71 "3 .7" should be 5:7
no: a 19]] (SEAL) Attest:
Edwardl m mm 1:. scum, m.
commissioner 02 PM F OHM 90-1050 (10-69) USCOMM-DC scan-Pu I u.s Govumum nmnma orncc; u" o-us-au
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US37211564A | 1964-06-02 | 1964-06-02 | |
US65335467A | 1967-07-14 | 1967-07-14 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3526524A true US3526524A (en) | 1970-09-01 |
Family
ID=27005649
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US653354A Expired - Lifetime US3526524A (en) | 1964-06-02 | 1967-07-14 | Fortified paste rosin size containing a dissolved content of a cationic water-soluble polyalkylenepolyamine |
Country Status (2)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3526524A (en) |
NL (1) | NL6505960A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3966654A (en) * | 1973-08-06 | 1976-06-29 | Hercules Incorporated | Stable rosin dispersions |
US4219382A (en) * | 1976-02-19 | 1980-08-26 | American Cyanamid Company | Cationic fortified rosin size |
US4263182A (en) * | 1979-09-06 | 1981-04-21 | Hercules Incorporated | Stable dispersions of fortified rosin |
US4857149A (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1989-08-15 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method and products for sizing paper and similar materials |
US4878999A (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1989-11-07 | Westvaco Corporation | Non-alum sizing |
FR2693213A1 (en) * | 1992-07-03 | 1994-01-07 | Kaysersberg Sa | Process for reducing the interaction between fibers in a tissue and implementing this method, in particular for making multi-layered fabrics. |
US5393338A (en) * | 1991-12-31 | 1995-02-28 | Hercules Incorporated | Cationic compounds useful as drainage aids and stabilizers for rosin-based sizing agents |
US6033526A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 2000-03-07 | Hercules Incorporated | Rosin sizing at neutral to alkaline pH |
US6042691A (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2000-03-28 | Plasmine Technology, Inc. | Cationic dispersions of fortified and modified rosins for use as paper sizing agents |
US6273997B1 (en) | 1994-12-28 | 2001-08-14 | Hercules Incorporated | Rosin/hydrocarbon resin size for paper |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3305493A (en) * | 1961-12-20 | 1967-02-21 | Rohm & Haas | Condensation products and methods of making them |
-
1965
- 1965-05-11 NL NL6505960A patent/NL6505960A/xx unknown
-
1967
- 1967-07-14 US US653354A patent/US3526524A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3305493A (en) * | 1961-12-20 | 1967-02-21 | Rohm & Haas | Condensation products and methods of making them |
Cited By (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3966654A (en) * | 1973-08-06 | 1976-06-29 | Hercules Incorporated | Stable rosin dispersions |
US4219382A (en) * | 1976-02-19 | 1980-08-26 | American Cyanamid Company | Cationic fortified rosin size |
US4263182A (en) * | 1979-09-06 | 1981-04-21 | Hercules Incorporated | Stable dispersions of fortified rosin |
US4857149A (en) * | 1986-09-08 | 1989-08-15 | Weyerhaeuser Company | Method and products for sizing paper and similar materials |
US4878999A (en) * | 1988-09-19 | 1989-11-07 | Westvaco Corporation | Non-alum sizing |
US5393338A (en) * | 1991-12-31 | 1995-02-28 | Hercules Incorporated | Cationic compounds useful as drainage aids and stabilizers for rosin-based sizing agents |
FR2693213A1 (en) * | 1992-07-03 | 1994-01-07 | Kaysersberg Sa | Process for reducing the interaction between fibers in a tissue and implementing this method, in particular for making multi-layered fabrics. |
WO1994001620A1 (en) * | 1992-07-03 | 1994-01-20 | Kaysersberg | Method for reducing fibre interaction in a tissue, and uses thereof, in particular for manufacturing multilayer tissues |
US6033526A (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 2000-03-07 | Hercules Incorporated | Rosin sizing at neutral to alkaline pH |
US6228219B1 (en) * | 1994-12-28 | 2001-05-08 | Hercules Incorporated | Rosin sizing at neutral to alkaline pH |
US6273997B1 (en) | 1994-12-28 | 2001-08-14 | Hercules Incorporated | Rosin/hydrocarbon resin size for paper |
US6042691A (en) * | 1998-12-08 | 2000-03-28 | Plasmine Technology, Inc. | Cationic dispersions of fortified and modified rosins for use as paper sizing agents |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
NL6505960A (en) | 1965-12-03 |
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