US3583890A - Underlay for rugs or mats to be placed on a carpet with a deep pile - Google Patents

Underlay for rugs or mats to be placed on a carpet with a deep pile Download PDF

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US3583890A
US3583890A US746841A US3583890DA US3583890A US 3583890 A US3583890 A US 3583890A US 746841 A US746841 A US 746841A US 3583890D A US3583890D A US 3583890DA US 3583890 A US3583890 A US 3583890A
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Prior art keywords
underlay
carpet
threads
pile
lattice structure
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US746841A
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Claus Kolckmann
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A KOLCKMANN OHG
Kolckmann O H G A
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Kolckmann O H G A
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Priority claimed from DE19671654139 external-priority patent/DE1654139C3/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A47—FURNITURE; DOMESTIC ARTICLES OR APPLIANCES; COFFEE MILLS; SPICE MILLS; SUCTION CLEANERS IN GENERAL
    • A47G—HOUSEHOLD OR TABLE EQUIPMENT
    • A47G27/00—Floor fabrics; Fastenings therefor
    • A47G27/04—Carpet fasteners; Carpet-expanding devices ; Laying carpeting; Tools therefor
    • A47G27/0406—Laying rugs or mats
    • A47G27/0412—Anti-skid layers
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23914—Interlaminar
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23943—Flock surface
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/23907—Pile or nap type surface or component
    • Y10T428/23979—Particular backing structure or composition
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
    • Y10T428/24074—Strand or strand-portions
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2933—Coated or with bond, impregnation or core
    • Y10T428/2938—Coating on discrete and individual rods, strands or filaments

Definitions

  • the invention concerns an underlay for rugs or mats which are to be placed on a carpet with a deep pile.
  • the present invention provides a simple and cheap non-slip underlay which is so thin that it does not show in use.
  • An underlay in accordance with the invention comprises a lattice-like structure of textile threads, paper threads, metal wires, or plastics material, e.g., polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polystyrene, or polyethylene one side of the lattice-like structure being rubberized or provided with anti-slip adhesives or plastics materials or foamed plastics materials with sand cemented thereon or with a very low pile, whilst the other side of the lattice-like structure is coated with adhesives applied to the centre of the lattice structure, and then ilocked with textile libres, e.g.
  • the criss-cross ribs of the lattice-like structure in conjunction with the described radial formation of the flocks, engage rmly with the pile of any carpet on which it is placed, since in every direction a suicient number of ocks dig into the pile, preventing any rug or mat placed thereon from drifting.
  • the lattice-like structure is coated with flock all around.
  • the underlay provides the carpet with a pleasing appearance since the underlay which now constitute a cover, does not completely obscure the pile of the carpet but allows it to show through the openwork lattice. It is also possible to provide the surface of the overlay with variegated flock patterns.
  • variegated colour flock overlays may also be used for lining exhibits in shop windows and the like, and if the ock is applied to both sides, either side may be presented to view.
  • FIG. 1 the underlay or overlay between an upper rug or mat and a lower piled carpet, in vertical section;
  • FIG. 2 the underlay of FIG. 1 on its own, also in a vertical section;
  • FIG. 3 a plan view of the underlay of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 a fragmentary section of the underlay of FIGS. 2 and 3 in vertical section and on an enlarged scale;
  • FIG. 5 a plan View of a diamond-shaped lattice section of the underlay of FIG. 4;
  • FIG. 6 a lattice thread coated with plastics materials shown in cross-section and on an enlarged scale, with ock libres of equal length inserted all around;
  • FIG. 7 an enlarged cross-section of a lattice thread coated with plastics material with inserted flocks, which on the upper half of the lattice thread are shorter than on the lower half.
  • An underlay is shown as an intermediate layer 1 in FIGS. 1 to 5 and comprises longitudinal threads 2 and transverse threads 3, if a lattice of square structure is used as basis according to FIGS. 3 and 5.
  • the anti-slip intermediate layer is placed between a deep pile carpet 4 and a rug 5; the pile direction of the pile fibres 6 is not vertical, but directed at an angle to the left, causing a rug 5 placed thereon to travel to the right when the pile is depressed and rights itself again.
  • This undesired phenomenon is prevented by the flocks 7 which, after coating the textile threads 2 and 3 or the like with plastics material on the side with which the intermediate layer 1 is to be supported on the carpet, are inserted in the still soft foamed plastics material.
  • the intermediate layer 1 is so engaged and supported on the pile threads 6 of the carpet 4 by the flocks 7 that the intermediate layer 1 and the rug 5 placed thereon cannot become displaced, since the plastics layer 8 applied to the surface of the intermediate layer also prevents the slipping of the rug and forms a non-slip means at the upper surface of the lattice structure.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 show that the flock coating of the textile or the like threads 2 and 3 enveloped with foamed plastics material 8 or the like, can also be applied all around the threads.
  • the intermediate layer can'be laid directly on a deep-pile carpet and so impart to the carpet, the anti-slip elect of the invention.
  • the upper non-slip means is formed by the upper ock.
  • the two sides of the overlay can in addition be coated with flocks 7 differing in colour, so that depending upon which side is face upward, the colour changes, Even when the ocks 7 as shown in FIG.
  • the flocks surround the ribs of the lattice structure in a semi-circle and are all aligned relative to the centre line of the threads 2 and 3, which are coated with plastics material or the like.
  • 3 panels defined by the thread webs can be of any desired shape, but the square lattice structure shown is simplest and cheapest to manufacture and therefore the preferred embodiment.
  • An underlay for placing between a mat and a deeppile carpet, forming therebetween a non-slip intermediate layer, comprising a ilexible lattice structure of threads, a non-slip means on an upper side of said lattice structure and a textile iibre flock on the lower side of said structure, the flock being in the form of short libres distributed longitudinally along and arranged around the threads of the lattice structure projecting radially from the threads so as to point outwardly from the axes of the individual threads in all directions, thus forming from said flock fibres for piercing in all directions into a deeppile carpet therebeneath to prevent slipping with respect thereto and thus prevent slipping of a mat on said lattice structure with respect to a deep-pile carpet.

Abstract

AN UNDERLAY FOR PLACING BETWEEN A MAT AND A DEEP-PILE CARPET, COMPRISING A FLEXIBLE LATTICE STRUCTURE OF THREADS, A NON-SLIP COATING ON ONE SIDE OF SAID LATTICE STRUCTURE AND A TEXTILE FIBRE FLOCK ON THE OTHER SIDE OF SAID STRUC-

TURE, THE FLOCK BEING ARRANGED AROUND THE THREADS OF THE LATTICE STRUCTURE AND RADIALLY ALIGNED SO AS TO POINT TO THE CENTRES OF THE INDIVIDUAL THREADS.

Description

June 3, 1971 c. KOLCKMANN 3,583,8
UNDERLAY FOR BUGS OR MATS TO BE PLACED ON A CARPET WITH A DEEP PUJE Filed .July 25. 196s NVENTO? @LA ug fm n( MA A//I/ United States Patent O U.S. Cl. 161--64 7 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE An underlay for placing between a mat and a deep-pile carpet, comprising a exible lattice structure of threads, a non-slip coating on one side of said lattice structure and a textile libre Hock on the other side of said structure, the llock being arranged around the threads of the lattice structure and radially aligned so as to point to the centres of the individual threads.
The invention concerns an underlay for rugs or mats which are to be placed on a carpet with a deep pile.
Experience has shown that such mats when laid on a carpet with a deep pile, and Walked over, are laid to slip in a certain direction over the carpet. This undesirable phenomenon is explained by the fact that when a mat which is placed on a deep pile carpet is walked on, then the pressure on the pile of the carpet base bends the pile yarns momentarily in a particular direction determined by the weave of the carpet. With continued walking, the yarns are centrally deflected and re-erected, causing a slow progressive movement of the mat. With frequent walking over, such a mat may travel a distance of several metres over the carpet within a short time. If a very soft mat is concerned it becomes rucked up and has a very untidy appearance. Objects such as tables placed on such mats are carried along and may be moved out of place.
It has already been proposed to eliminate this action by making an underlay of a fabric foil, cardboard or felt having a layer of latex of plastics material, foamed or unfoamed, on its surface, or having cemented thereon a layer of finely grained, anti-slip granular material, whilst its underside is coated with adhesive layer which is shear resistant and is provided with a vertical pile of textile libres such as sisal, coco-nut libre, wool, Perlon, Nylon, cellulose or cotton fibres.
The present invention provides a simple and cheap non-slip underlay which is so thin that it does not show in use.
An underlay in accordance with the invention comprises a lattice-like structure of textile threads, paper threads, metal wires, or plastics material, e.g., polyvinyl chloride, polyamide, polystyrene, or polyethylene one side of the lattice-like structure being rubberized or provided with anti-slip adhesives or plastics materials or foamed plastics materials with sand cemented thereon or with a very low pile, whilst the other side of the lattice-like structure is coated with adhesives applied to the centre of the lattice structure, and then ilocked with textile libres, e.g. sisal, coco-nut, wool, Perlon, Nylon, cellulose or cotton or even glass or metal libres, which ocks are arranged in a semi-circle around the ribs of the lattice-like structure all radially aligned so as to point towards the centre of the individual ribs.
The criss-cross ribs of the lattice-like structure, in conjunction with the described radial formation of the flocks, engage rmly with the pile of any carpet on which it is placed, since in every direction a suicient number of ocks dig into the pile, preventing any rug or mat placed thereon from drifting.
In an alternative form of the invention, the lattice-like structure is coated with flock all around. By imparting a suitable colour to the ocks, the underlay provides the carpet with a pleasing appearance since the underlay which now constitute a cover, does not completely obscure the pile of the carpet but allows it to show through the openwork lattice. It is also possible to provide the surface of the overlay with variegated flock patterns.
Finally, such variegated colour flock overlays may also be used for lining exhibits in shop windows and the like, and if the ock is applied to both sides, either side may be presented to view.
Reference should now be made to the accompanying drawings, showing:
FIG. 1 the underlay or overlay between an upper rug or mat and a lower piled carpet, in vertical section;
FIG. 2 the underlay of FIG. 1 on its own, also in a vertical section;
FIG. 3 a plan view of the underlay of FIG. 2;
FIG. 4 a fragmentary section of the underlay of FIGS. 2 and 3 in vertical section and on an enlarged scale;
FIG. 5 a plan View of a diamond-shaped lattice section of the underlay of FIG. 4;
FIG. 6 a lattice thread coated with plastics materials shown in cross-section and on an enlarged scale, with ock libres of equal length inserted all around; and
FIG. 7 an enlarged cross-section of a lattice thread coated with plastics material with inserted flocks, which on the upper half of the lattice thread are shorter than on the lower half.
An underlay is shown as an intermediate layer 1 in FIGS. 1 to 5 and comprises longitudinal threads 2 and transverse threads 3, if a lattice of square structure is used as basis according to FIGS. 3 and 5. In FIG. 1 the anti-slip intermediate layer is placed between a deep pile carpet 4 and a rug 5; the pile direction of the pile fibres 6 is not vertical, but directed at an angle to the left, causing a rug 5 placed thereon to travel to the right when the pile is depressed and rights itself again. This undesired phenomenon is prevented by the flocks 7 which, after coating the textile threads 2 and 3 or the like with plastics material on the side with which the intermediate layer 1 is to be supported on the carpet, are inserted in the still soft foamed plastics material. The intermediate layer 1 is so engaged and supported on the pile threads 6 of the carpet 4 by the flocks 7 that the intermediate layer 1 and the rug 5 placed thereon cannot become displaced, since the plastics layer 8 applied to the surface of the intermediate layer also prevents the slipping of the rug and forms a non-slip means at the upper surface of the lattice structure.
FIGS. 6 and 7 show that the flock coating of the textile or the like threads 2 and 3 enveloped with foamed plastics material 8 or the like, can also be applied all around the threads. In this case, with ocks of equal length around as shown in FIG. 6, the intermediate layer can'be laid directly on a deep-pile carpet and so impart to the carpet, the anti-slip elect of the invention. Thus, with these embodiments the upper non-slip means is formed by the upper ock. The two sides of the overlay can in addition be coated with flocks 7 differing in colour, so that depending upon which side is face upward, the colour changes, Even when the ocks 7 as shown in FIG. 7 on the upper side are kept short, a rug placed thereon, owing to the hedgehog-like formation of the flocks, is prevented from slipping when walked over; the flocks surround the ribs of the lattice structure in a semi-circle and are all aligned relative to the centre line of the threads 2 and 3, which are coated with plastics material or the like. The
3 panels defined by the thread webs can be of any desired shape, but the square lattice structure shown is simplest and cheapest to manufacture and therefore the preferred embodiment.
I claim:
1. An underlay for placing between a mat and a deeppile carpet, forming therebetween a non-slip intermediate layer, comprising a ilexible lattice structure of threads, a non-slip means on an upper side of said lattice structure and a textile iibre flock on the lower side of said structure, the flock being in the form of short libres distributed longitudinally along and arranged around the threads of the lattice structure projecting radially from the threads so as to point outwardly from the axes of the individual threads in all directions, thus forming from said flock fibres for piercing in all directions into a deeppile carpet therebeneath to prevent slipping with respect thereto and thus prevent slipping of a mat on said lattice structure with respect to a deep-pile carpet.
2. An underlay as recited in clairn 1, wherein said lattice structure has between said threads polygonal openings and said ock fibres extending only partly across said openings to leave a free open space in the central region of each opening.
3. The combination of claim 1 and wherein said nonslip means is in the form of a plastic coating on said lattice structure at said upper side thereof.
4. An underlay as recited in clairn 1, said lattice structure being coated with plastics material and flocked all around each thread with flock bres all projecting radially from each thread at the upper and lower sides thereof, so that said non-slip means on said upper side is formed by the fibres at the upper side.
5. An underlay as recited in claim 4, said lattice structure being coated with plastics material and flocked all around each thread with long ock fibres on one side of said lattice structure and short ilock ibres on the other side.
6. An underlay as recited in claim 4, wherein said underlay has flocks of different colours on its top and bottom surfaces.
7. An underlay as recited in claim 4 and wherein all of said libres are of equal length.
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 3,285,796 11/1966 McElhinney ll-67X 3,410,747 11/1968 Orr 161-67X WILLIAM A. POWELL, Primary Examiner U.S. Cl. X.R.
US746841A 1967-08-03 1968-07-23 Underlay for rugs or mats to be placed on a carpet with a deep pile Expired - Lifetime US3583890A (en)

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DE19671654139 DE1654139C3 (en) 1967-08-03 1967-08-03 Underlay for carpets, bridges or runners arranged on velor or high-quality carpeting

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AT (1) AT287262B (en)
BE (1) BE718953A (en)
FI (1) FI48207C (en)
FR (1) FR1581188A (en)
GB (1) GB1227377A (en)
IE (1) IE32561B1 (en)
NO (1) NO125569B (en)
RO (1) RO56530A (en)
SE (1) SE347150B (en)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3889034A (en) * 1973-01-27 1975-06-10 Kuehn Vierhaus & Cie Ag Chenille yarn and method of making same
US3968283A (en) * 1974-05-21 1976-07-06 Scott Paper Company Flocked filamentary element and structures made therefrom
US4012544A (en) * 1975-06-12 1977-03-15 Milliken Research Corporation Dust collection mat and method of manufacture
US4377610A (en) * 1981-11-05 1983-03-22 Mcclung Jr Eugene F Non slidable bottom surface for a floor covering
US4384018A (en) * 1982-01-25 1983-05-17 Wayn-Tex Inc. Secondary carpet backing fabric
US4415618A (en) * 1981-11-05 1983-11-15 Mcclung Jr Eugene F Non-slidable bottom surface layer for a floor covering
US4671980A (en) * 1984-06-26 1987-06-09 Uniroyal Englebert Textilcord S.A. Method and apparatus for generating an electrostatic field for flocking a thread-like or yarn-like material, and the flocked article thus produced
US5082711A (en) * 1988-02-27 1992-01-21 Uniroyal Englebert Textilcord S.A. Flocked yarn
US6013342A (en) * 1994-10-20 2000-01-11 Industria E Comercio Textil Avanti Ltda. Self-adhesive sheet with non-slip properties
US6365258B1 (en) * 1993-09-16 2002-04-02 Flooron Aktiebolag Method of floor laying and flocked underlay and floor material to be used with the method
US20020157341A1 (en) * 1993-09-16 2002-10-31 Alm Kjell K. Floor-laying
US20070087158A1 (en) * 1996-12-31 2007-04-19 Bruner Jeffrey W Composite elastomeric yarns and fabric
US20080311363A1 (en) * 2007-06-12 2008-12-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Metal fiber coated substrate and method of making
US20160265157A1 (en) * 2015-03-10 2016-09-15 University Of Massachusetts Dartmouth Structured flock fiber reinforced layer
US20160302507A1 (en) * 2013-12-03 2016-10-20 University Of Massachusetts Flexible, fibrous energy managing composite panels
US10245807B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2019-04-02 University Of Massachusetts Panel for absorbing mechanical impact energy and method of manufacturing
US10494761B2 (en) 2016-07-12 2019-12-03 University Of Massachusetts Fiber surface finish enhanced flocked impact force absorbing structure and manufacturing
US10820655B2 (en) 2013-12-03 2020-11-03 University Of Massachusetts Add-on impact energy absorbing pad structure for outside of military and sport helmets

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2152842A (en) * 1984-01-19 1985-08-14 Ind Latex Compounds Limited Resilient sheet material
US4557774B2 (en) * 1984-09-04 1995-02-14 Step Loc Corp System for holding carpet in place without stretching
GB8623165D0 (en) * 1986-09-26 1986-10-29 Walk Off Mats Ltd Non-slip floor mat combination
US5753336A (en) * 1996-10-02 1998-05-19 Stull; Thomas Emerson Reversible underlay for rugs

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3889034A (en) * 1973-01-27 1975-06-10 Kuehn Vierhaus & Cie Ag Chenille yarn and method of making same
US3968283A (en) * 1974-05-21 1976-07-06 Scott Paper Company Flocked filamentary element and structures made therefrom
US4012544A (en) * 1975-06-12 1977-03-15 Milliken Research Corporation Dust collection mat and method of manufacture
US4377610A (en) * 1981-11-05 1983-03-22 Mcclung Jr Eugene F Non slidable bottom surface for a floor covering
US4415618A (en) * 1981-11-05 1983-11-15 Mcclung Jr Eugene F Non-slidable bottom surface layer for a floor covering
US4384018A (en) * 1982-01-25 1983-05-17 Wayn-Tex Inc. Secondary carpet backing fabric
US4671980A (en) * 1984-06-26 1987-06-09 Uniroyal Englebert Textilcord S.A. Method and apparatus for generating an electrostatic field for flocking a thread-like or yarn-like material, and the flocked article thus produced
US5082711A (en) * 1988-02-27 1992-01-21 Uniroyal Englebert Textilcord S.A. Flocked yarn
US20020157341A1 (en) * 1993-09-16 2002-10-31 Alm Kjell K. Floor-laying
US6365258B1 (en) * 1993-09-16 2002-04-02 Flooron Aktiebolag Method of floor laying and flocked underlay and floor material to be used with the method
US6013342A (en) * 1994-10-20 2000-01-11 Industria E Comercio Textil Avanti Ltda. Self-adhesive sheet with non-slip properties
US20070087158A1 (en) * 1996-12-31 2007-04-19 Bruner Jeffrey W Composite elastomeric yarns and fabric
US8484940B2 (en) * 1996-12-31 2013-07-16 The Quantum Group, Inc. Composite elastomeric yarns and fabric
US9234304B2 (en) 1996-12-31 2016-01-12 The Quantum Group, Inc. Composite elastomeric yarns and fabric
US20080311363A1 (en) * 2007-06-12 2008-12-18 3M Innovative Properties Company Metal fiber coated substrate and method of making
US10245807B2 (en) 2012-06-01 2019-04-02 University Of Massachusetts Panel for absorbing mechanical impact energy and method of manufacturing
US20160302507A1 (en) * 2013-12-03 2016-10-20 University Of Massachusetts Flexible, fibrous energy managing composite panels
US9788589B2 (en) * 2013-12-03 2017-10-17 University Of Massachusetts Flexible, fibrous energy managing composite panels
US10820655B2 (en) 2013-12-03 2020-11-03 University Of Massachusetts Add-on impact energy absorbing pad structure for outside of military and sport helmets
US20160265157A1 (en) * 2015-03-10 2016-09-15 University Of Massachusetts Dartmouth Structured flock fiber reinforced layer
US10494761B2 (en) 2016-07-12 2019-12-03 University Of Massachusetts Fiber surface finish enhanced flocked impact force absorbing structure and manufacturing

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FI48207C (en) 1974-07-10
RO56530A (en) 1974-04-29
GB1227377A (en) 1971-04-07
AT287262B (en) 1971-01-11
FI48207B (en) 1974-04-01
NO125569B (en) 1972-10-02
SE347150B (en) 1972-07-31
IE32561L (en) 1969-02-03
BE718953A (en) 1969-01-16
IE32561B1 (en) 1973-09-19
FR1581188A (en) 1969-09-12

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