US3635762A - Ultrasonic cleaning of a web of film - Google Patents

Ultrasonic cleaning of a web of film Download PDF

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US3635762A
US3635762A US73994A US3635762DA US3635762A US 3635762 A US3635762 A US 3635762A US 73994 A US73994 A US 73994A US 3635762D A US3635762D A US 3635762DA US 3635762 A US3635762 A US 3635762A
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web
liquid
accordance
pool
applying
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US73994A
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Howard F Ott
Jerry Carmen
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Eastman Kodak Co
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Eastman Kodak Co
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B3/00—Cleaning by methods involving the use or presence of liquid or steam
    • B08B3/04—Cleaning involving contact with liquid
    • B08B3/10—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration
    • B08B3/12—Cleaning involving contact with liquid with additional treatment of the liquid or of the object being cleaned, e.g. by heat, by electricity or by vibration by sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
    • B08B3/123—Cleaning travelling work, e.g. webs, articles on a conveyor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B7/00—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass
    • B08B7/02—Cleaning by methods not provided for in a single other subclass or a single group in this subclass by distortion, beating, or vibration of the surface to be cleaned
    • B08B7/026—Using sound waves
    • B08B7/028—Using ultrasounds

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT Dirt particles are cleaned from a web of flexible material, such as photographic film or paper, by applying ultrasonic vibrations to a web in a direction transversely of the web while applying a solvent liquid to the web.
  • the liquid can be applied by immersion of the web and ultrasonically vibrating apparatus in a pool, or by spraying the liquid onto the web as it passes over the apparatus in air. Vibrations are imparted by passing the web between a pair of shoulders defining a circular channel for the films.
  • the present invention relates to a novel method of and ap paratus for ultrasonically cleaning dirt from a web of flexible material such as photographic film or paper.
  • Dirt particles can accumulate from the ambient atmosphere, or can result from slitting and punching operations normally employed during the manufacture of photographic film and paper.
  • the liquid can be applied, advantageously, by dipping the web below the surface of a pool, or by spraying the liquid on one or both surfaces of the web in air, or by wiping a liquidladen roller against one or both web surfaces in air.
  • FIG. 1 is an end view, partly broken away, showing apparatus for transporting a web through a pool of liquid while ultrasonically vibrating the web;
  • FIG. 2 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of the apparatus as seen from the right in FIG. 1;
  • FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are side elevational views, partly in vertical section, of three modified forms of apparatus wherein a web is transported through a pool of liquid.
  • FIGS. 6 and 7 areend views of two modified forms of apparatus wherein liquid is sprayed against a web.
  • FIG. 8 is an end view, partly in section, of still another modification for applying liquid to a web by a rotating roller.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is shown a nonrotating ultrasonic horn 11 having two oppositely tapered annular flanges 13 and 15 projecting laterally therefrom at positions spaced longitudinally from each other, thus forming a pair-of opposed circular shoulders or abutments which define a circular channel C of generally cylindrical or slightly frustoconical shape therebetween.
  • the horn is operatively connected to an ultrasonic transducer 17 which may be of the electrostrictive (piezoelectric) or magnetostrictive types, such as have been described in many United States patents, for example in US. Pat. Nos. 2,748,298 (Calosi et al.-magnetostrictive); 3,022,814 (Bodineboth types); piezoelectric).
  • the major direction of vibration should be along the longitudinal axis of the born, as shown by the double pointed arrow.
  • the transducer 17 should be clamped in a suitable holding device 19.
  • the end of horn 11 is of much greater diameter than the main body of the horn, and dips down into a pool 21 of cleaning liquid in a vessel 23. This large end permits a substantial length of web of large area to dip into pool 21 during vibration thereof.
  • a web 25 of flexible material shown as moving picture film having perforations along one side, is transported from a source to the ultrasonic horn.
  • Film 25 is bent around the horn within channel C and is taken up on a motor driven spool 27.
  • the transducer 17 is energized to impart back-and-forth vibrations to the flanges 13 and 15 which engage both edges of the film and impart the vibrations to the film in the film plane, thus shaking off from both top and bottom surfaces any dirt particles present.
  • suitable liquids for the pool 21 are methyl chloroform, freons, trichloroethylene, trichloromonofluoromethane, perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, dichlorodifluoromethane,
  • dichloromonofluoromethane and dichlorotetrafluoroethane.
  • a nonrotating ultrasonic horn 31 having two flanges is connected to a transducer 33 which projects through an aperture 34 in a sidewall of a container 35 and is sealed by a circular mounting plate 37 pressing against a gasket 39.
  • Hour 31 is of smaller diameter than that of FIG. 1, and is fully immersed in the liquid 41.
  • Mounting plate 37 is clamped between parts of the transducer by a central bolt 41 which bears against the outer end of the transducer and is threaded into the front or horn end of the device.
  • vibrations are imparted to the web by a flexingtype nonrotating piezoelectric crystal element 43 consisting of two face-shear plates or .two transverse-expander plates secured together face-to-face in such a manner that a voltage applied to the electrodes in a known way causes the plates to deform in opposite directions.
  • Suitable elements are sold under the trade name Bimorph by the Clevite Corporation Piezoelectric Division, Cleveland, Ohio.
  • Element 43 is mounted on a rigid support 45 and can be revolved thereon to present new guide surfaces as the old are wom. Only the lower portion of the element is immersed in liquid.
  • FIG. 5 is similar to FIG. 4 except that the element 43 is fully immersed in liquid.
  • a web 45 is passed over a horn 47 like that of FIG. 3, but instead of being immersed in a pool of liquid the horn and web are in the ambient atmosphere such as air, and the under surface of the web is sprayed with a stream of solvent liquid from a nozzle 49.
  • FIG. 7 is like FIG. 6, but two liquid sprayers are applied, one to each surface of the web from nozzles 49 and 51.
  • roller 53 can be motor driven, or can be an idler roller which is actuated by friction with the web.
  • the web can be sprayed or flushed with clean solvent after the vibration treatment. Also liquid can be removed from the web in any desired way prior to windup, as is well known.
  • the shear forces on the dirt particles are many times more effective in removing surface dirt than the forces normal to the web surface generated in cavitation.
  • the energy is far more efficiently used in directly vibrating the web transversely than in vibrating the liquid.
  • the nonrotating flanged devices can be revolved periodically to present new unwom surfaces to the web.
  • a method of cleaning dirt particles from a web of flexible material comprising moving said web in a direction lengthwise thereof, contacting at least one edge of said moving web with a solid ultrasonically vibrating abutment, and ultrasonically vibrating said contacting abutment in a direction transversely across the width of said moving web while simultaneously applying a volatile liquid solvent to said moving web at the location of contact with the ultrasonically vibrating abutment.
  • Apparatus for cleaning dirt particles from a web of flexible material by applying ultrasonic vibrations to said web in a direction transversely across the width thereof comprising, in combination: a longitudinally extending ultrasonically vibratable device having abutment means extending transversely from a side surface thereof; mechanism for advancing a web to be cleaned in a lengthwise direction transversely across said device with at least one edge of said web contacting said abutment means; means for ultrasonically vibrating said device in a direction longitudinally thereof to impart ultrasonic vibrations to said advancing web through said contacting abutment means in a direction transversely across the width of said advancing web; and, means for simultaneously applying a volatile liquid solvent to said advancing web at the location of contact with said ultrasonically vibrating abutment means.
  • liquid applying means is a tank containing a pool of said liquid, and wherein said abutment means is immersed in said pool whereby said web is immersed in said liquid.
  • liquid applying means comprises means for spraying said liquid on said web.
  • said liquid applying means comprises a roller engaging a surface of said web, and means for conveying liquid to said roller and thence to said web.

Abstract

Dirt particles are cleaned from a web of flexible material, such as photographic film or paper, by applying ultrasonic vibrations to a web in a direction transversely of the web while applying a solvent liquid to the web. The liquid can be applied by immersion of the web and ultrasonically vibrating apparatus in a pool, or by spraying the liquid onto the web as it passes over the apparatus in air. Vibrations are imparted by passing the web between a pair of shoulders defining a circular channel for the films.

Description

United States Patent Ott et al.
[451 Jan. 18, 1972 ULTRASONIC CLEANING OF A WEB OF FILM [72] Inventors: Howard F. Ott, Victor; Jerry Carmen,
Spencerport, both of N.Y.
[73] Assignee: Eastman Kodak Company, Rochester,
22 Filed: Sept.21, 1970 [21] App1.No.: 73,994
Related US. Application Data [63] Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 879,680, Nov. 25,
[52] U.S.Cl ..134/l,15/94,l5/100,
[51] Int. Cl ..B08b 7/02 [58] FieldofSearch ..134/1,6,9, 15-17, 134/64, 122, 184; 15/94, 100; 355/15, 30; 68/3 SS [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 2,460,919 2/1949 Bodine ..134/IUX 2,702,260 2/1955 Massa ..134/1 Primary ExaminerMorris O. Wolk Assistant Examiner-Joseph T. Zatarga Attorney-Walter O. Hodsdon and Henry M. Chapin [57] ABSTRACT Dirt particles are cleaned from a web of flexible material, such as photographic film or paper, by applying ultrasonic vibrations to a web in a direction transversely of the web while applying a solvent liquid to the web. The liquid can be applied by immersion of the web and ultrasonically vibrating apparatus in a pool, or by spraying the liquid onto the web as it passes over the apparatus in air. Vibrations are imparted by passing the web between a pair of shoulders defining a circular channel for the films.
9 Claims, 8 Drawing Figures PATENTED JAN 1 8 I972 3.635162 SHEET 1 [IF 2 llllll HOWARD F. orr JERRY CARMEN 2 INVENTORS A TTOHWEYS PATENTEDJANHBIQYZ 3.635762 SHEET 2 0F 2 HOWARD FT 077' JERRY CARMEN 2 IN VENTORS B A TTORNEYS ULTRASONIC CLEANING OF A WEB F FILM This application is a continuation-in-part of our application, Ser. No. 879,680 filed Nov. 25, 1969.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION 1. Field of the Invention The present invention relates to a novel method of and ap paratus for ultrasonically cleaning dirt from a web of flexible material such as photographic film or paper.
During the manufacture of webs of photographic film or paper, it is important that dirt particles be prevented from accumulating on a web because such particles will adversely affect the quality when photographic emulsions are coated over such particles. Moreover, if dirt particles should accumulate on thetop of the finished web (before or after exposure and development) the quality of the photographs may be impaired, and the film may be scratched as it passes through a projector.
Dirt particles can accumulate from the ambient atmosphere, or can result from slitting and punching operations normally employed during the manufacture of photographic film and paper.
' 2. The prior Art In the past, photographic film has been cleaned by immersing it in a liquid bath, which is then subjected to ultrasonic vibrations, cleaning being accomplished by cavitation of the liquid. (See US. Pat. Nos. 2,967,119 and 3,422,479.) This requires the introduction of bulky equipment into the production line for the cleaning operation. Moreover, cavitation does not do as thorough a job as desired.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In our copending application, Ser. No. 879,680 we have described the ultrasonic dry cleaning of a web by passing it in a dry condition over an ultrasonic horn having shoulders which impart vibrations to the edges of the web. This is especially advantageous for cleaning webs of materials which may be harmed by volatile liquid solvents ordinarily used for cleaning baths.
We have now found that the principles of our copending application can be employed to good advantage by applying a volatile liquid to a web during ultrasonic vibration thereof, where the web material will not be harmed by contact with the liquid. Moreover, the efficiency of the operation is improved by increasing the mass of dirt parficles by wetting them so that they will be jarred off the web. Additionally, the particles shaken off are readily transported away from the web in the washing liquid.
The liquid can be applied, advantageously, by dipping the web below the surface of a pool, or by spraying the liquid on one or both surfaces of the web in air, or by wiping a liquidladen roller against one or both web surfaces in air.
THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is an end view, partly broken away, showing apparatus for transporting a web through a pool of liquid while ultrasonically vibrating the web;
FIG. 2 is a side elevational view, partly in section, of the apparatus as seen from the right in FIG. 1;
FIGS. 3, 4 and 5 are side elevational views, partly in vertical section, of three modified forms of apparatus wherein a web is transported through a pool of liquid.
FIGS. 6 and 7 areend views of two modified forms of apparatus wherein liquid is sprayed against a web; and
FIG. 8 is an end view, partly in section, of still another modification for applying liquid to a web by a rotating roller.
THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is shown a nonrotating ultrasonic horn 11 having two oppositely tapered annular flanges 13 and 15 projecting laterally therefrom at positions spaced longitudinally from each other, thus forming a pair-of opposed circular shoulders or abutments which define a circular channel C of generally cylindrical or slightly frustoconical shape therebetween.
The horn is operatively connected to an ultrasonic transducer 17 which may be of the electrostrictive (piezoelectric) or magnetostrictive types, such as have been described in many United States patents, for example in US. Pat. Nos. 2,748,298 (Calosi et al.-magnetostrictive); 3,022,814 (Bodineboth types); piezoelectric). The major direction of vibration should be along the longitudinal axis of the born, as shown by the double pointed arrow. Of course, the transducer 17 should be clamped in a suitable holding device 19.
The end of horn 11 is of much greater diameter than the main body of the horn, and dips down into a pool 21 of cleaning liquid in a vessel 23. This large end permits a substantial length of web of large area to dip into pool 21 during vibration thereof.
In operation, a web 25 of flexible material, shown as moving picture film having perforations along one side, is transported from a source to the ultrasonic horn. Film 25 is bent around the horn within channel C and is taken up on a motor driven spool 27. As the film moves continuously through channel C, the transducer 17 is energized to impart back-and-forth vibrations to the flanges 13 and 15 which engage both edges of the film and impart the vibrations to the film in the film plane, thus shaking off from both top and bottom surfaces any dirt particles present.
Among suitable liquids for the pool 21 are methyl chloroform, freons, trichloroethylene, trichloromonofluoromethane, perchloroethylene, carbon tetrachloride, dichlorodifluoromethane,
dichloromonofluoromethane, and dichlorotetrafluoroethane.
The success of our method results from so rapidly accelerating the web relative to the dirt particles (which have extremely small inertia) that the particles are torn loose from the web. In one example, an ultrasonic horn as shown was operated at 20 kHz. with a longitudinal excursion of 0.001 inch, providing a web acceleration transversely approximately 40,000 times gravity. Thus the forces exerted on dirt particles relative to the web were approximately 40,000 times the weights of the particles. This, coupled with the fact that the force is reversing its direction 20,000 times per second, explains the ability of our apparatus to rip dirt particles loose from the web.
In the embodiment of FIG. 3, a nonrotating ultrasonic horn 31 having two flanges is connected to a transducer 33 which projects through an aperture 34 in a sidewall of a container 35 and is sealed by a circular mounting plate 37 pressing against a gasket 39. Hour 31 is of smaller diameter than that of FIG. 1, and is fully immersed in the liquid 41. Mounting plate 37 is clamped between parts of the transducer by a central bolt 41 which bears against the outer end of the transducer and is threaded into the front or horn end of the device.
In FIG. 4 vibrations are imparted to the web by a flexingtype nonrotating piezoelectric crystal element 43 consisting of two face-shear plates or .two transverse-expander plates secured together face-to-face in such a manner that a voltage applied to the electrodes in a known way causes the plates to deform in opposite directions. Suitable elements are sold under the trade name Bimorph by the Clevite Corporation Piezoelectric Division, Cleveland, Ohio. Element 43 is mounted on a rigid support 45 and can be revolved thereon to present new guide surfaces as the old are wom. Only the lower portion of the element is immersed in liquid.
FIG. 5 is similar to FIG. 4 except that the element 43 is fully immersed in liquid.
In FIG. 6 a web 45 is passed over a horn 47 like that of FIG. 3, but instead of being immersed in a pool of liquid the horn and web are in the ambient atmosphere such as air, and the under surface of the web is sprayed with a stream of solvent liquid from a nozzle 49.
FIG. 7 is like FIG. 6, but two liquid sprayers are applied, one to each surface of the web from nozzles 49 and 51.
monochlorotrifluoroethane,
and 3,328,610 (Jacke et al.-
In FIG. 8 the web 45 is wiped on its undersurface with a liquid laden roller 53 having a nap, which dips down into a pool 55 of liquid. Roller 53 can be motor driven, or can be an idler roller which is actuated by friction with the web.
In all the devices described above it is to be understood that the web can be sprayed or flushed with clean solvent after the vibration treatment. Also liquid can be removed from the web in any desired way prior to windup, as is well known.
Among the advantages of the various forms of apparatus described above are:
a. the shear forces on the dirt particles are many times more effective in removing surface dirt than the forces normal to the web surface generated in cavitation.
b. the energy is far more efficiently used in directly vibrating the web transversely than in vibrating the liquid.
0. effective cleaning is obtainable with a small portable unit.
d. the nonrotating flanged devices can be revolved periodically to present new unwom surfaces to the web.
The invention has been described in detail with particular reference to preferred embodiments thereof, but it will be understood that variations and modifications can be effected within the spirit and scope of the invention.
We claim:
1. A method of cleaning dirt particles from a web of flexible material comprising moving said web in a direction lengthwise thereof, contacting at least one edge of said moving web with a solid ultrasonically vibrating abutment, and ultrasonically vibrating said contacting abutment in a direction transversely across the width of said moving web while simultaneously applying a volatile liquid solvent to said moving web at the location of contact with the ultrasonically vibrating abutment.
2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid is applied by immersing said web in a pool thereof.
3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid is applied by spraying onto at least one surface of said web.
4. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid is applied by spraying onto both surfaces of said web.
5. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid is applied by rotating a liquid-laden roller in contact with a surface of said web.
6. Apparatus for cleaning dirt particles from a web of flexible material by applying ultrasonic vibrations to said web in a direction transversely across the width thereof comprising, in combination: a longitudinally extending ultrasonically vibratable device having abutment means extending transversely from a side surface thereof; mechanism for advancing a web to be cleaned in a lengthwise direction transversely across said device with at least one edge of said web contacting said abutment means; means for ultrasonically vibrating said device in a direction longitudinally thereof to impart ultrasonic vibrations to said advancing web through said contacting abutment means in a direction transversely across the width of said advancing web; and, means for simultaneously applying a volatile liquid solvent to said advancing web at the location of contact with said ultrasonically vibrating abutment means.
7. Apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein said liquid applying means is a tank containing a pool of said liquid, and wherein said abutment means is immersed in said pool whereby said web is immersed in said liquid.
8. Apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein said liquid applying means comprises means for spraying said liquid on said web.
9. Apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein said liquid applying means comprises a roller engaging a surface of said web, and means for conveying liquid to said roller and thence to said web.

Claims (8)

  1. 2. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid is applied by immersing said web in a pool thereof.
  2. 3. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid is applied by spraying onto at least one surface of said web.
  3. 4. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid is applied by spraying onto both surfaces of said web.
  4. 5. A method in accordance with claim 1 wherein said liquid is applied by rotating a liquid-laden roller in contact with a surface of said web.
  5. 6. Apparatus for cleaning dirt particles from a web of flexible material by applying ultrasonic vibrations to said web in a direction transversely across the width thereof comprising, in combination: a longitudinally extending ultrasonically vibratable device having abutment means extending transversely from a side surface thereof; mechanism for advancing a web to be cleaned in a lengthwise direction transversely acrosS said device with at least one edge of said web contacting said abutment means; means for ultrasonically vibrating said device in a direction longitudinally thereof to impart ultrasonic vibrations to said advancing web through said contacting abutment means in a direction transversely across the width of said advancing web; and, means for simultaneously applying a volatile liquid solvent to said advancing web at the location of contact with said ultrasonically vibrating abutment means.
  6. 7. Apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein said liquid applying means is a tank containing a pool of said liquid, and wherein said abutment means is immersed in said pool whereby said web is immersed in said liquid.
  7. 8. Apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein said liquid applying means comprises means for spraying said liquid on said web.
  8. 9. Apparatus in accordance with claim 6 wherein said liquid applying means comprises a roller engaging a surface of said web, and means for conveying liquid to said roller and thence to said web.
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US3698408A (en) * 1971-06-11 1972-10-17 Branson Instr Ultrasonic processing apparatus
US4244078A (en) * 1979-04-26 1981-01-13 Research Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for cleaning film
US4294533A (en) * 1978-03-23 1981-10-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus for pre-conditioning film
US4311157A (en) * 1980-02-26 1982-01-19 Rock Oil Corporation Sonic treating apparatus
US4987456A (en) * 1990-07-02 1991-01-22 Xerox Corporation Vacuum coupling arrangement for applying vibratory motion to a flexible planar member
US5005054A (en) * 1990-07-02 1991-04-02 Xerox Corporation Frequency sweeping excitation of high frequency vibratory energy producing devices for electrophotographic imaging
US5010369A (en) * 1990-07-02 1991-04-23 Xerox Corporation Segmented resonator structure having a uniform response for electrophotographic imaging
US5016055A (en) * 1990-07-02 1991-05-14 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus for using vibratory energy with application of transfer field for enhanced transfer in electrophotographic imaging
US5025291A (en) * 1990-07-02 1991-06-18 Zerox Corporation Edge effect compensation in high frequency vibratory energy producing devices for electrophotographic imaging
US5081500A (en) * 1990-07-02 1992-01-14 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus for using vibratory energy to reduce transfer deletions in electrophotographic imaging
US5210577A (en) * 1992-05-22 1993-05-11 Xerox Corporation Edge effect compensation in high frequency vibratory energy producing devices for electrophotographic imaging
US5220868A (en) * 1991-11-14 1993-06-22 Harris Corporation Print band cleaner
US5282005A (en) * 1993-01-13 1994-01-25 Xerox Corporation Cross process vibrational mode suppression in high frequency vibratory energy producing devices for electrophotographic imaging
US5329341A (en) * 1993-08-06 1994-07-12 Xerox Corporation Optimized vibratory systems in electrophotographic devices
US5339147A (en) * 1993-11-24 1994-08-16 Xerox Corporation Sequential ultrasonic fusing process
US5390013A (en) * 1993-11-24 1995-02-14 Xerox Corporation Ultrasonic fusing (ultra-fuse) process
US5413675A (en) * 1993-05-06 1995-05-09 Westvaco Corporation Method of deinking laser printed wastepaper
US5477315A (en) * 1994-07-05 1995-12-19 Xerox Corporation Electrostatic coupling force arrangement for applying vibratory motion to a flexible planar member
US5486236A (en) * 1994-05-06 1996-01-23 Hughes Aircraft Company Accelerated extraction of rolled materials
US5654129A (en) * 1994-02-28 1997-08-05 Taylor; Timothy L. Method for cleaning acetate-based photographic film with trans-dichloroethylene
US5902412A (en) * 1994-02-28 1999-05-11 Taylor; Timothy L. Method of cleaning/coating a substrate
US5906687A (en) * 1996-08-23 1999-05-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Ultrasonic cleaning apparatus and method
US5975094A (en) * 1997-11-26 1999-11-02 Speedfam Corporation Method and apparatus for enhanced cleaning of a workpiece with mechanical energy
EP1072329A1 (en) * 1999-07-29 2001-01-31 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Web particle removal method and apparatus
DE19939514A1 (en) * 1999-08-20 2001-02-22 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh System for cleaning continuous belts/blankets at papermaking machines sprays the belt surface with a cleaning fluid to give wet surfaces exposed to ultrasonic waves and dissolve impurities for removal with the fluid
US6385429B1 (en) 2000-11-21 2002-05-07 Xerox Corporation Resonator having a piezoceramic/polymer composite transducer
WO2008026933A1 (en) * 2006-08-28 2008-03-06 G2 Ultrasonic As A method of cleaning a seine and an apparatus for use when practising the method
US20110220147A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2011-09-15 Schreiber Brian E Apparatus and Method for Cleaning Flexible Webs
WO2013024451A3 (en) * 2011-08-18 2013-04-11 Memc Electronic Materials S.P.A. Methods and systems for removing contamination from a wire of a saw
US9101966B2 (en) 2010-08-23 2015-08-11 International Business Machines Corporation Cleaning magnetic tape
CN108043806A (en) * 2017-12-14 2018-05-18 江苏华夏电影胶片修复技术有限公司 A kind of general aqueous solvent film copy cleaner

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US3698408A (en) * 1971-06-11 1972-10-17 Branson Instr Ultrasonic processing apparatus
US4294533A (en) * 1978-03-23 1981-10-13 E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company Apparatus for pre-conditioning film
US4244078A (en) * 1979-04-26 1981-01-13 Research Technology, Inc. Method and apparatus for cleaning film
US4311157A (en) * 1980-02-26 1982-01-19 Rock Oil Corporation Sonic treating apparatus
US5010369A (en) * 1990-07-02 1991-04-23 Xerox Corporation Segmented resonator structure having a uniform response for electrophotographic imaging
US5005054A (en) * 1990-07-02 1991-04-02 Xerox Corporation Frequency sweeping excitation of high frequency vibratory energy producing devices for electrophotographic imaging
US4987456A (en) * 1990-07-02 1991-01-22 Xerox Corporation Vacuum coupling arrangement for applying vibratory motion to a flexible planar member
US5016055A (en) * 1990-07-02 1991-05-14 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus for using vibratory energy with application of transfer field for enhanced transfer in electrophotographic imaging
US5025291A (en) * 1990-07-02 1991-06-18 Zerox Corporation Edge effect compensation in high frequency vibratory energy producing devices for electrophotographic imaging
US5081500A (en) * 1990-07-02 1992-01-14 Xerox Corporation Method and apparatus for using vibratory energy to reduce transfer deletions in electrophotographic imaging
US5220868A (en) * 1991-11-14 1993-06-22 Harris Corporation Print band cleaner
US5210577A (en) * 1992-05-22 1993-05-11 Xerox Corporation Edge effect compensation in high frequency vibratory energy producing devices for electrophotographic imaging
US5282005A (en) * 1993-01-13 1994-01-25 Xerox Corporation Cross process vibrational mode suppression in high frequency vibratory energy producing devices for electrophotographic imaging
US5413675A (en) * 1993-05-06 1995-05-09 Westvaco Corporation Method of deinking laser printed wastepaper
US5329341A (en) * 1993-08-06 1994-07-12 Xerox Corporation Optimized vibratory systems in electrophotographic devices
US5390013A (en) * 1993-11-24 1995-02-14 Xerox Corporation Ultrasonic fusing (ultra-fuse) process
US5339147A (en) * 1993-11-24 1994-08-16 Xerox Corporation Sequential ultrasonic fusing process
US5654129A (en) * 1994-02-28 1997-08-05 Taylor; Timothy L. Method for cleaning acetate-based photographic film with trans-dichloroethylene
US5902412A (en) * 1994-02-28 1999-05-11 Taylor; Timothy L. Method of cleaning/coating a substrate
US5486236A (en) * 1994-05-06 1996-01-23 Hughes Aircraft Company Accelerated extraction of rolled materials
US5477315A (en) * 1994-07-05 1995-12-19 Xerox Corporation Electrostatic coupling force arrangement for applying vibratory motion to a flexible planar member
US5906687A (en) * 1996-08-23 1999-05-25 Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba Ultrasonic cleaning apparatus and method
US5975094A (en) * 1997-11-26 1999-11-02 Speedfam Corporation Method and apparatus for enhanced cleaning of a workpiece with mechanical energy
US6503332B1 (en) 1999-07-29 2003-01-07 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Web particle removal method and apparatus
EP1072329A1 (en) * 1999-07-29 2001-01-31 Fuji Photo Film Co., Ltd. Web particle removal method and apparatus
DE19939514A1 (en) * 1999-08-20 2001-02-22 Voith Paper Patent Gmbh System for cleaning continuous belts/blankets at papermaking machines sprays the belt surface with a cleaning fluid to give wet surfaces exposed to ultrasonic waves and dissolve impurities for removal with the fluid
US6385429B1 (en) 2000-11-21 2002-05-07 Xerox Corporation Resonator having a piezoceramic/polymer composite transducer
WO2008026933A1 (en) * 2006-08-28 2008-03-06 G2 Ultrasonic As A method of cleaning a seine and an apparatus for use when practising the method
US20110220147A1 (en) * 2008-11-25 2011-09-15 Schreiber Brian E Apparatus and Method for Cleaning Flexible Webs
US8585826B2 (en) 2008-11-25 2013-11-19 3M Innovative Properties Company Apparatus and method for cleaning flexible webs
US9101966B2 (en) 2010-08-23 2015-08-11 International Business Machines Corporation Cleaning magnetic tape
WO2013024451A3 (en) * 2011-08-18 2013-04-11 Memc Electronic Materials S.P.A. Methods and systems for removing contamination from a wire of a saw
CN103732332A (en) * 2011-08-18 2014-04-16 Memc电子材料有限公司 Methods and systems for removing contamination from a wire of a saw
CN108043806A (en) * 2017-12-14 2018-05-18 江苏华夏电影胶片修复技术有限公司 A kind of general aqueous solvent film copy cleaner

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BE760175R (en) 1971-05-17
FR2107816B2 (en) 1977-04-29
FR2107816A2 (en) 1972-05-12

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