US3697797A - Process for manufacturing cold cathode gas discharge devices and the product thereof - Google Patents
Process for manufacturing cold cathode gas discharge devices and the product thereof Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3697797A US3697797A US109271A US3697797DA US3697797A US 3697797 A US3697797 A US 3697797A US 109271 A US109271 A US 109271A US 3697797D A US3697797D A US 3697797DA US 3697797 A US3697797 A US 3697797A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- glass
- alloy
- gas discharge
- support
- electrode
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 16
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 42
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 23
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 22
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 17
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 11
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 17
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 claims description 17
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 16
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000005361 soda-lime glass Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011109 contamination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000006731 degradation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000006866 deterioration Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J9/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for the manufacture, installation, removal, maintenance of electric discharge tubes, discharge lamps, or parts thereof; Recovery of material from discharge tubes or lamps
- H01J9/02—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems
- H01J9/022—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes
- H01J9/025—Manufacture of electrodes or electrode systems of cold cathodes of field emission cathodes
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
- H01J17/00—Gas-filled discharge tubes with solid cathode
- H01J17/38—Cold-cathode tubes
- H01J17/48—Cold-cathode tubes with more than one cathode or anode, e.g. sequence-discharge tube, counting tube, dekatron
- H01J17/49—Display panels, e.g. with crossed electrodes, e.g. making use of direct current
- H01J17/491—Display panels, e.g. with crossed electrodes, e.g. making use of direct current with electrodes arranged side by side and substantially in the same plane, e.g. for displaying alphanumeric characters
Definitions
- the invention comprises a process of manufacturing 22 Filed; Jam 25, 1971 cold cathode gas discharge devices.
- a unitary metal electrode structure is inserted through a glass support, [211 App! 109371 the metal and glass having the same coefficient of thermal expansion.
- the support and electrode struc- 52 us. Cl. ..313/217, 29/25.!6, 65/154, we are heated in the presence of yg to effect a 313/109.5, 313/218, 313/221, 313/245 Seal therebetween.
- the gas discharge device is [51] Int.
- the resulting gas discharge device which 169 R, 169 TV, 260; 340/324 R, 166 EL; may be used for display purposes, has a stable oxide 65/154; 29/25.15, 25.16 coating on electrodes thereof that attenuates display distorting reflections.
- the present invention eliminates the prior art welded electrode construction as well as any oxide cleaning step required in the prior art methods.
- the present invention utilizes a unitary metal electrode, such as a rod, comprised of a metal having the same coefficient of thermal expansion as the glass through which the electrode is to be sealed.
- the steps of the present invention include inserting the electrode through a close fitting glass support. The assembly is heated in the presence of oxygen until the glass softens. Pressure is then applied to squeeze the softened glass against the metal electrode. Oxide formed on the surfaces of the metal during the heating step combines with the softened glass to effect the desired seal.
- the oxide coating formed during the heating step is not only beneficial in effecting a proper glass to metal seal, but it is stable, adherent and does not significantly afiect the operation of the assembled devices.
- the invention eliminates the welded electrode construction and the oxide cleaning steps of the prior art resulting in a substantially more economical manufacturing process while providing devices superior to those produced by the prior method.
- the oxide coating on the electrode surfaces not interfere with the long lived operation of the devices but the coating provides an additional beneficial result in devices utilized for display purposes.
- the oxide coating attenuates reflections from the electrode surfaces which reflections have heretofore tended to distort the displayed information.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view, partially in section, of a cold cathode gas discharge display device constructed in accordance with the process of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a magnified view of a portion of FIG. 1.
- This alloy may be commercially procured from, for example, the Wilbur B. Driver Company as Niron 52. It is known that this alloy and soda-lime glass have substantially the same coefiicient of thermal expansion thereby providing sound glass-to-metal seals over normally encountered temperature ranges.
- a cold cathode gas discharge display device 10 utilizing hollow cathodes is illustrated.
- the display device 10 comprises a glass support 11 having a matrix of apertures formed therethrough.
- a hollow cathode rod such as the rod 12 is sealed in each of the apertures of the matrix.
- a transparent dielectric plate 13 having transparent metal anode strips 14 affixed thereto is sealed to the cathode assembly to form a gastight envelope.
- Conductors 15 for addressing the cathodes in the manner described in said US. Pat. application Ser. No. 27,608 are connected to the cathodes and anodes.
- the cathode rods such as the rod 12 are comprised of a metal alloy consisting of 49 percent iron and 51 percent nickel and the support 11 is comprised of soda-lime glass as previously mentioned. It is known that a metal alloy having this composition and soda-lime glass have the same coefiicient of thermal expansion. Thus, as previously explained, the seal effected between the rod 12 and the glass support 11 is structurally sound over the temperature ranges normally encountered.
- a portion 16 of the device 10 including a hollow cathode rod 20 is illustrated in magnified view in FIG. 2.
- the cathode rod '20 is sealed in an aperture 21 of the glass support 11.
- the cathode 20 has a hole 22 disposed therein, the interior surfaces thereof functioning as the cathodic surfaces of the electrode 20 in the manner described in said US. Pat. application Ser. No. 27,608.
- the cathode rod 20 further includes a rim 23.
- the rod 20 is sealed in the aperture 21 by the method of the present invention which comprises the following steps:
- the metal structure 20 is inserted into the aperture 21 in the glass support 11.
- the assembled structure is then heated in the presence of oxygen at atemperature sufficient to soften the glass support 11. Since the heating step is performed in the presence of oxygen, oxide is formed on all of the inner and outer surfaces of the cathode 20. For example, oxide is formed on the outer cylindrical surfaces thereof as well as on the inner or cathodic surfaces of the hole 22 and on the l rim 23.
- Pressure is then applied to the softened glass support 11.
- the oxide formed on the portion of the outer surface of the rod 20 that is inserted in the aperture 21 combines with the softened glass to effect a gastight seal between the members 11 and 20.
- the device 10 (FIG. 1) is assembled, as described in said US. Pat. application Ser. No. 27,608 without removing the oxide coating formed on the rim 23 and the cathodic surfaces of the hole 22.
- the oxide formed as described above has a mat black surface, is of stable composition and is highly adherent to the surfaces of the cathode rod 20. It is to be noted with respect to FIGS. 1 and 2 that the black oxide coating on the cathodic surfaces of the hole 22 and on the rim 23 is depicted by stippling where clarity is enhanced.
- the heating step in the presence of oxygen may be performed with the device exposed to the atmosphere which provides the oxygen required to effect the glass-to-metal seal.
- a glass softening temperature found suitable for the heating step with respect to the above-discussed materials is approximately l,0O C.
- Display devices of the type illustrated in FIG. 1 have been operated at high current densities for extended periods without any significant change in the operating conditions thereof. Such changes would have been apparent if there had been any significant degradation in gas composition or cathodic surfaces.
- the method of the present invention provides novel display devices whose glowing cathodes generate the display information. These glowing cathodes are uniquely coated with a stable mat black oxide that is effective in attenuating display distorting reflections while not impairing the normal operation of the device.
- the invention comprising the use of a single metal piece to provide both the cathodic surface and the glass-metal seal, such metal piece not requiring cleaning to remove oxide depositions, is applicable also-to devices where the glassmetal seal is accomplished at much lower temperatures by the use of a glass frit.
- said glass having the same coefficient of thermal expansion as said alloy
- said alloy consisting of approximately 49 percent lime glass support, said alloy consisting of approximately 49 percent iron and 51 percent nickel,
- the electrode surfaces of said electrode means being coated with a non-reflective oxide formed thereon by heating in the presence of oxygen thereby attenuating display distorting reflections from said surfaces.
- said cathode means comprises a unitary piece of said alloy, a portion thereof being sealed to said glass and another portion thereof forming said cathodic surfaces.
- said cathode means comprises a rod of said alloy.
Abstract
Description
Claims (8)
- 2. In a process for manufacturing cold cathode gas discharge devices comprising thE steps of inserting a metal alloy electrode structure into a glass support, said alloy consisting of approximately 49 percent iron and 51 percent nickel, said glass having the same coefficient of thermal expansion as said alloy, heating said support and electrode structure in the presence of oxygen at a softening temperature of said glass to effect a seal therebetween, and completing said devices without removing the oxide coating formed on the electrode surfaces of said structure during said heating step.
- 3. In a process for manufacturing cold cathode gas discharge devices comprising the steps of inserting a metal alloy cathode rod through a glass support, said alloy consisting of approximately 49 percent iron and 51 percent nickel, said glass having the same coefficient of thermal expansion as said alloy, heating said support and cathode rod in the presence of oxygen at a softening temperature of said glass to effect a seal therebetween, and completing said devices without removing the oxide coating formed on the cathodic surfaces of said rod during said heating step.
- 4. In a process for manufacturing cold cathode gas discharge devices comprising the steps of inserting a metal alloy cathode rod through a soda-lime glass support, said alloy consisting of approximately 49 percent iron and 51 percent nickel, heating said support and cathode rod in the presence of oxygen at a softening temperature of said glass to effect a seal therebetween, and completing said devices without removing the oxide coating formed on the cathodic surfaces of said structure during said heating step.
- 5. In a cold cathode gas discharge display device glass support means, and metal electrode means sealed in said support means, the electrode surfaces of said electrode means being coated with a non-reflective oxide formed thereon by heating in the presence of oxygen thereby attenuating display distorting reflections from said surfaces.
- 6. In the device of claim 5 in which said metal comprises an alloy consisting of approximately 49 percent iron and 51 percent nickel, said oxide comprises a mat black oxide formed on said surfaces by heating in the presence of oxygen at a softening temperatures of said glass, and said glass has the same coefficient of thermal expansion as said alloy.
- 7. In the device of claim 6 in which said glass comprises soda-lime glass, said electrode means comprises cathode means, and said surfaces comprise the cathodic surfaces of said cathode means.
- 8. In the device of claim 7 in which said cathode means comprises a unitary piece of said alloy, a portion thereof being sealed to said glass and another portion thereof forming said cathodic surfaces.
- 9. In the device of claim 7 in which said cathode means comprises a rod of said alloy.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US10927171A | 1971-01-25 | 1971-01-25 |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3697797A true US3697797A (en) | 1972-10-10 |
Family
ID=22326770
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US109271A Expired - Lifetime US3697797A (en) | 1971-01-25 | 1971-01-25 | Process for manufacturing cold cathode gas discharge devices and the product thereof |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3697797A (en) |
Cited By (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4731560A (en) * | 1970-08-06 | 1988-03-15 | Owens-Illinois Television Products, Inc. | Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved operating life |
US4794308A (en) * | 1970-08-06 | 1988-12-27 | Owens-Illinois Television Products Inc. | Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved operating life |
US6016027A (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 2000-01-18 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Microdischarge lamp |
US6358771B1 (en) * | 1998-07-02 | 2002-03-19 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Low oxygen assembly of glass sealed packages |
US6563257B2 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2003-05-13 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Multilayer ceramic microdischarge device |
US20060038490A1 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2006-02-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Microplasma devices excited by interdigitated electrodes |
US20060071598A1 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-06 | Eden J Gary | Microdischarge devices with encapsulated electrodes |
US20060082319A1 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-20 | Eden J Gary | Metal/dielectric multilayer microdischarge devices and arrays |
US20070170866A1 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2007-07-26 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Arrays of microcavity plasma devices with dielectric encapsulated electrodes |
US20080290799A1 (en) * | 2005-01-25 | 2008-11-27 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Ac-excited microcavity discharge device and method |
Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3465194A (en) * | 1966-10-07 | 1969-09-02 | Philips Corp | Cold-cathode glow-discharge tube |
US3551721A (en) * | 1967-09-11 | 1970-12-29 | Burroughs Corp | Gas-filled display device having capacitive envelope |
US3603837A (en) * | 1968-11-09 | 1971-09-07 | George Christie Turner | Visual display devices |
-
1971
- 1971-01-25 US US109271A patent/US3697797A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (3)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3465194A (en) * | 1966-10-07 | 1969-09-02 | Philips Corp | Cold-cathode glow-discharge tube |
US3551721A (en) * | 1967-09-11 | 1970-12-29 | Burroughs Corp | Gas-filled display device having capacitive envelope |
US3603837A (en) * | 1968-11-09 | 1971-09-07 | George Christie Turner | Visual display devices |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4794308A (en) * | 1970-08-06 | 1988-12-27 | Owens-Illinois Television Products Inc. | Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved operating life |
US4731560A (en) * | 1970-08-06 | 1988-03-15 | Owens-Illinois Television Products, Inc. | Multiple gaseous discharge display/memory panel having improved operating life |
US6016027A (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 2000-01-18 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Microdischarge lamp |
US6139384A (en) * | 1997-05-19 | 2000-10-31 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Microdischarge lamp formation process |
US6194833B1 (en) | 1997-05-19 | 2001-02-27 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Microdischarge lamp and array |
US6358771B1 (en) * | 1998-07-02 | 2002-03-19 | Analog Devices, Inc. | Low oxygen assembly of glass sealed packages |
US6563257B2 (en) | 2000-12-29 | 2003-05-13 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Multilayer ceramic microdischarge device |
US7511426B2 (en) | 2004-04-22 | 2009-03-31 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Microplasma devices excited by interdigitated electrodes |
US20060038490A1 (en) * | 2004-04-22 | 2006-02-23 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Microplasma devices excited by interdigitated electrodes |
US20060071598A1 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-06 | Eden J Gary | Microdischarge devices with encapsulated electrodes |
US20070170866A1 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2007-07-26 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Arrays of microcavity plasma devices with dielectric encapsulated electrodes |
US7297041B2 (en) | 2004-10-04 | 2007-11-20 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Method of manufacturing microdischarge devices with encapsulated electrodes |
US7385350B2 (en) | 2004-10-04 | 2008-06-10 | The Broad Of Trusstees Of The University Of Illinois | Arrays of microcavity plasma devices with dielectric encapsulated electrodes |
US20060082319A1 (en) * | 2004-10-04 | 2006-04-20 | Eden J Gary | Metal/dielectric multilayer microdischarge devices and arrays |
US7573202B2 (en) | 2004-10-04 | 2009-08-11 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Metal/dielectric multilayer microdischarge devices and arrays |
US20080290799A1 (en) * | 2005-01-25 | 2008-11-27 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | Ac-excited microcavity discharge device and method |
US7477017B2 (en) | 2005-01-25 | 2009-01-13 | The Board Of Trustees Of The University Of Illinois | AC-excited microcavity discharge device and method |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US3284655A (en) | Cathode ray tube mesh assembly supported between envelope sections | |
US3697797A (en) | Process for manufacturing cold cathode gas discharge devices and the product thereof | |
US3159442A (en) | Production of thin films | |
US3758802A (en) | Improved cathode ray tube having a glass envelope coated with crystallized glass | |
US2189322A (en) | Photoelectric cathode | |
US2842699A (en) | Gaseous seal and method | |
US2564040A (en) | Glow discharge voltage control device | |
US3560779A (en) | Shadow mask type color picture tube with a fine mesh flexible particle shield between the gun and target portions | |
US2079354A (en) | Vacuum seal | |
US3687513A (en) | Method of aging a display panel | |
US3632324A (en) | Method of sealing display cathodes in a glass envelope | |
US2401737A (en) | Phototube and method of manufacture | |
US2874077A (en) | Thermionic cathodes | |
US3358176A (en) | Multiple cathode indicator tube having no obstruction in the form of support disks | |
US3580654A (en) | Method of making display devices | |
US2899575A (en) | Glass-to-metal seals in cathode-ray tubes | |
US3099762A (en) | Cathode ray tube using replaceable cathode | |
US2056035A (en) | Electrode structure for metal tubes | |
US2078776A (en) | Glass-to-metal seal | |
US2129015A (en) | Braun tube | |
US2093302A (en) | Screen grid metal tube | |
JPS6097531A (en) | Display device | |
US3549229A (en) | Method of assembling an image intensifier | |
US3660710A (en) | Display device having cathodes and lead wires disposed in grooved base plate for positive insulation therebetween | |
US3989871A (en) | Method of manufacturing a gas discharge panel and gas discharge panel manufacture according to said method |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EMERSON ELECTRIC CO., A MO CORP. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BECKMAN INSTRUMENTS, INC.;REEL/FRAME:004319/0695 Effective date: 19840301 Owner name: BECKMAN INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION A CORP OF DE Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:EMERSON ELECTRIC CO., A CORP OF MO;REEL/FRAME:004328/0659 Effective date: 19840425 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: WALTER E HELLER WESTERN INCORPORATED Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:DIXON DEVELOPMENT, INC. A CORP. OF CA.;REEL/FRAME:004337/0572 Effective date: 19840928 Owner name: DIXON DEVELOPMENT, INC., A CA CORP. Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:BECKMAN INDUSTRIAL CORPORATION;REEL/FRAME:004337/0564 Effective date: 19840928 |
|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: BABCOCK DISPLAY PRODUCTS,INC. Free format text: CHANGE OF NAME;ASSIGNOR:DIXION DEVELOPMENT,INC.;REEL/FRAME:004372/0199 Effective date: 19841002 |