US3712393A - Method of drilling - Google Patents
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- US3712393A US3712393A US00108170A US3712393DA US3712393A US 3712393 A US3712393 A US 3712393A US 00108170 A US00108170 A US 00108170A US 3712393D A US3712393D A US 3712393DA US 3712393 A US3712393 A US 3712393A
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K8/00—Compositions for drilling of boreholes or wells; Compositions for treating boreholes or wells, e.g. for completion or for remedial operations
- C09K8/02—Well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/03—Specific additives for general use in well-drilling compositions
- C09K8/035—Organic additives
Definitions
- ABSTRACT A A composition and method for preventing catastrophic vibration of a drill string during slim hole drilling wherein there is employed an additive com- [52] U.S. Cl ..l75/65, 252/85 C, 252/85 P [51] Int. Cl. ..E2lb 21/04 [58] Field of Search 755 ⁇ /6g;% posed of sulfurized lard oil, mineral oil, and
- the rig used is lighter thereby allowing for more economical movement of the rig from one drilling location to another, particularly inaccessible locations.
- This invention therefore relates to a composition useful in a well drilling fluid and a rotary drilling method, particularly a slim hole drilling method.
- the lard oil used in the composition of this invention can be present in amounts of at least about 40, preferably from about 40 to about 80, weight percent, the mineral oil in amounts of at least about 10, preferably from about 10 to about 50, weight percent, and the halogenated paraffin in amounts of at least about 1, preferably from about 1 to about 20, weight percent.
- Substantially any lard oil can be employed in any sulfurization process, a particularly desirable material being that which has a gravity (degrees API) of from about 9.5 to about 12, a viscosity (SUS at 210 F) of from about 360 to about 600, and at least about 10.5 weight percent sulfur based on the weight of the lard oil.
- a gravity degrees API
- SUS at 210 F viscosity
- Substantially any mineral oil can be employed, a particularly useful oil being that having a gravity (degrees API) of from about 22 to about 25, a saybolt viscosity at F of from about 55 to about 60, and a pour point, F, maximum of about 50.
- halogenated paraffin can be employed, the paraffin containing one or more of the halogens, i.e., chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine, preferably chlorine.
- a particularly suitable material is chlorinated paraffin having a specific gravity (60/60 F) of from about 1.16 to about 1.20, from about 40 to about 46 weight percent chlorine based on the weight of the chlorinated paraffin, a viscosity (SUS at 210 F) of from about to about 280, and substantially no free chlorine.
- THe composition of this invention can be formed by blending the three components in any desired order with one another at sub-ambient, ambient, or superambient temperatures and pressures until a substantially homogeneous mixture is obtained.
- Suitable properties for the final composition can be a gravity (API) of from about 11.5 to about 12.5, a viscosity (SUS at 100 F) of from about 1300 to about 1500, at least about 5 weight percent, preferably at least about 6 weight percent, total sulfur, and at least about 3 weight percent, preferably at least about 3.5 weight percent, total halogen.
- API gravity
- SUS at 100 F viscosity
- the maximum amounts of sulfur and halogen are dictated only by practical considerations such as how much sulfur the particular lard oil used can be made to pick up in the particular sulfurization process used.
- composition of this invention can be included in the composition of this invention, e. g., corrosion inhibitors, wear inhibitors, oxidation stabilizers, odor stabilizers, and the like. Two or more of these materials can be employed as desired.
- Corrosion inhibitors can be used in amounts which vary widely but generally in an effective corrosion inhibiting amount. These materials include alkali metal sulfonates and alkaline earth metal sulfonates such as sodium sulfonate and calcium sulfonate, particularly overbased calcium sulfonate. Efiective wear inhibiting amounts of at least one of monothiophosphates and polythiophosphates (2 to 10 sulfuratons) of zinc, cadmium, tin, iron, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, and zirconium, can be employed, particularly zinc dithiophosphate. These additives can each be employed in an amount of from about 1 to about 30 weight percent and can be incorporated before, during, or after mixing of the other components.
- the composition of this invention is normally employed in the drilling fluid utilized in the drilling operation. lt has been found that whether a drilling fluid is susceptible to catastrophic vibration during high speed rotation is related to the scar width value obtained by subjecting the drilling fluid to a scar width test as hereinafter defined. The smaller the scar width, the greater the lubricity of the drilling fluid and, therefore, the less there is of a likelihood of catastrophic vibration while utilizing the drilling fluid in a high speed operation. Thus, the more the scar width value of a given drilling fluid can be decreased, the more likely it is that a drilling operation can be carried out with that drilling fluid without encountering catastrophic vibration.
- composition of this invention when added to a drilling fluid, be it a water base (salt water or fresh water) or an oil base or invert drilling fluid, can substantially reduce the scar width value of the drilling fluid below the scar width value of that drilling fluid when it does not contain the composition of this invention.
- the composition of this invention is employed in the drilling fluid in an amount effective to substantially reduce the scar width value of the drilling fluid and generally the scar width value is reduced by at least about 0.01 of an inch. This is a substantial decrease in scar width and indicates a substantial increase in lubricity and an ability to prevent catastrophic vibration of drill pipe during high speed rotation, particularly in a small diameter wellbore.
- the amount of composition of this invention which is employed will vary widely. Generally, at least about 0.1, preferably from about 0.2 to about 10, weight percent of the composition is employed in the drilling fluid and can be incorporated in the drilling fluid by mixing at sub-ambient, ambient, or super-ambient conditions of temperature and pressure until a substantially homogeneous mixture is obtained.
- a scar width value for drilling fluid is obtained using an EP Mud Tester model 211 which is available commercially from the Baroid Division of the National Lead Company.
- This tester is designed to measure the lubricating properties of drilling fluids by mounting a hardened steel test cup (Rockwell C scale hardness of 58-62) on a rotating shaft and forcing a steel wear block (Rockwell C scale hardness of 58-62) against the test cup with a predetermined load while the test cup and wear block are immersed in the drilling fluid being tested.
- the load is applied with a torque am that is operatively connected to the wear block, the torque arm containing a torque gauge calibrated in inch pounds.
- the friction load is read on an ammeter scale indicating the electrical current consumption of the driving motor.
- the motor is run at 1400 rpm which amounts to a surface velocity of the test cup of 507 feet per minute, the test cup diameter being 1.378 inches. Each test cup is used only once and a fresh spot is selected on the wear block for each run.
- EXAMPLE A composition according to this invention was formed by blending 32 weight percent naphthenic mineral oil available commercially as Sintex Pale Oil and having the physical properties of API gravity of 22 to 25, and saybolt viscosity at F of 55 to 60; 60 weight percent sulfurized lard oil commercially available as Union Base and having the physical properties API gravity of 9.5 to 11.5, viscosity (SUS at 210 F) of 360 to 450, no less than 10.5 weight percent total sulfur based on the lard oil; and 8 weight percent chlorinated paraffin commercially available as Paroil 142 having the properties of specific gravity (GO/60 F) of 1.16 to 1.20; 40 to 46 weight percent chlorine based on the chlorinated paraffin, viscosity (SUS at 210 F) of to 280, and no free chlorine.
- the composition was formed by adding the components in the above listed order to a blending kettle and mixing same for 1 hour at temperatures in the range of from to F.
- a drilling fluid composition was made up by mixing 350 cubic centimeters (350 grams) of distilled water and 14 to 15 grams of bentonite at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure until a homogeneous mixture was obtained.
- the combination of water and bentonite in the above amounts constituted the volume of drilling fluid employed in each scar width test for each composition discussed hereinbelow.
- the mixture of drilling fluid and additive was then tested for its scar width in the manner disclosed hereinabove, keeping the friction load during each 20 second test at 3 amps.
- IDF. plus 6 gm invention composition us 1 0 weight Na Sulfonate & 2 weight 0.03 water 1? DR plus 6 gm invention composition us verbased Ca sulfonate 0.025
- composition of this invention decreased the scar width of the drilling fluid even below that obtained with commercially available additives and therefore increased the lubricity of the drilling fluid and also increased the ability of the drilling fluid to prevent catastrophic vibration during drilling over what can presently be achieved with commercially available additives.
- a drilling fluid containing a composition consisting essentially of at least about 40 weight percent sulfurized lard oil, at least about 10 weight percent mineral oil, and at least about 1 weight percent halogenated paraffin, said composition containing greater than 2 weight percent total halogen and greater than 5 weight percent total sulfur, said composition being employed in an amount effective to substantially reduce the scar width value of the drilling fluid below the scar width value of the drilling fluid when not containing said composition.
- composition has a gravity (APl) of from about 11.5 to about 12.5, a viscosity (SUS at 100 F) of from about 1300 to about 1500, at least about 5 weight percent total sulfur, and at least about 3 weight percent total chlorine.
- APl gravity
- SUS at 100 F viscosity
- a method according to claim 1 wherein said amount of said composition is at least about 0.1 weight percent based on the total weight of said drilling fluid.
- said lard oil is present in an amount of from about 40 to about weight percent
- said mineral oil is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 50 weight percent
- said paraffin is chlorinated and is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 20 weight percent.
- said mineral oil is a naphthenic oil which has a gravity (API) of from about 22 to about 25, and a Saybolt viscosity F) of from about 55 to about 60
- said lard oil has a gravity (AP1) of from about 9.5 to about 11.5, a viscosity (SUS at 210 F) of from about 360 to about 450, and at least about 10.5 weight percent sulfur based on the weight of the lard oil
- said paraffin is chlorinated and has a specific gravity (60/60 F) of from about 1.16 to about 1.20, from about 40 to about 46 weight percent chlorine based on the weight of the chlorinated paraffin, a viscosity (SUS at 210 F) of from about to about 280, and substantially no free chlorine.
Abstract
A composition and method for preventing catastrophic vibration of a drill string during slim hole drilling wherein there is employed an additive composed of sulfurized lard oil, mineral oil, and halogenated paraffin.
Description
ilnite States Patent 11 1 1111 3,712,393 Sheldahl et al. 1 Jan. 23, 1973 54 METHOD OF DRILLING 3,214,374 1'o/l9ss slmfieii .I .Liffiiiffi 3,372,112 3/1968 Parker Inventors! D393 i-d lidi z 399 2 3 1N; 3,635,294 1/1972 Faulk etal ..l75/65 46319; 161111 11. Striegler, Richardson, Tex. 75080 Primary ExaminerDavid H. Brown Att -Blh S.Th dRd'kW.M-
[73] Assignee: Atlantic Richfield C0., New York, 32 uc er arp an o enc ac [22] Filed: Jan. 20, 1971 21 Appl. No.: 108,170
57 ABSTRACT A A composition and method for preventing catastrophic vibration of a drill string during slim hole drilling wherein there is employed an additive com- [52] U.S. Cl ..l75/65, 252/85 C, 252/85 P [51] Int. Cl. ..E2lb 21/04 [58] Field of Search 755}/6g;% posed of sulfurized lard oil, mineral oil, and
' halogenated paraffin.
[56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 9 Claims, No Drawing; I
2,773,030 12/1956 Tailleur ..252/8.5P
METHOD OF DRILLING BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION Heretofore in rotary drilling a wellbore in the earth, the drilling bit and the drill string (drill pipe and drill collars) which supports the bit in the wellbore are both conventionally rotated at rates of from about 100 to about 250 rpm. Such drilling rigs, in the petroleum industry, generally drill boreholes having diameters of from about 8% to about 13% inches. Because of the drilling of deeper and deeper wellbores, etc. there is a need for drilling fluids of improved lubricity.
As an exploratory tool, it can be desirable to employ what is known as a slim hole drilling technique wherein the borehole has a diameter of up to about 6 inches, preferably from about 2 to about inches. With slim hole drilling it is desirable to use higher than conventional rotation rates for the bit. For example, rotation rates of at least 400 rpm and as high as 3000 rpm are desirably employed to achieve shorter drilling time.
By drilling small diameter boreholes with high rotation speeds, larger numbers of exploratory wells can be drilled more economically. In addition, the rig used is lighter thereby allowing for more economical movement of the rig from one drilling location to another, particularly inaccessible locations.
However, an omnipresent problem with the high rotation rates in a small diameter borehole has been what is termed catastrophic vibration of the drill pipe. At rotation rates of greater than 400 rpm the drill pipe tends to bounce from one side of the borehole to the other at a faster and faster rate until catastrophic transverse vibration sets in and results in failure of the drill pipe, usually by twisting off one section of drill pipe from an adjacent section of drill pipe at their coupling joint.
Thus, slim hole drilling using the most economical rotation rate for the drilling bit and pipe is not feasible unless catastrophic vibration during drilling is avoided.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION It has now been found that improved drilling fluid lubricity is obtained and that catastrophic vibration during high speed rotation can be prevented by the use of a composition consisting essentially of sulfurized lard oil, mineral oil, and halogenated paraffin, the composition containing greater than 2 weight percent total halogen and greater than 5 weight percent total sulfur. As used herein, weight percent recitations are based upon the total weight of the composition unless otherwise specified.
This invention therefore relates to a composition useful in a well drilling fluid and a rotary drilling method, particularly a slim hole drilling method.
Accordingly, it is an object of this invention to provide a new and improved composition useful in a drilling fluid to increase the lubricity thereof. It is another object to provide a new and improved rotary drilling method. It is another object to provide a new and improved slim hole drilling method.
Other aspects, objects, and advantages of this invention will be apparent to those skilled in the art from this disclosure and the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The lard oil used in the composition of this invention can be present in amounts of at least about 40, preferably from about 40 to about 80, weight percent, the mineral oil in amounts of at least about 10, preferably from about 10 to about 50, weight percent, and the halogenated paraffin in amounts of at least about 1, preferably from about 1 to about 20, weight percent.
Substantially any lard oil can be employed in any sulfurization process, a particularly desirable material being that which has a gravity (degrees API) of from about 9.5 to about 12, a viscosity (SUS at 210 F) of from about 360 to about 600, and at least about 10.5 weight percent sulfur based on the weight of the lard oil.
Substantially any mineral oil can be employed, a particularly useful oil being that having a gravity (degrees API) of from about 22 to about 25, a saybolt viscosity at F of from about 55 to about 60, and a pour point, F, maximum of about 50.
Substantially any halogenated paraffin can be employed, the paraffin containing one or more of the halogens, i.e., chlorine, bromine, iodine, and fluorine, preferably chlorine. A particularly suitable material is chlorinated paraffin having a specific gravity (60/60 F) of from about 1.16 to about 1.20, from about 40 to about 46 weight percent chlorine based on the weight of the chlorinated paraffin, a viscosity (SUS at 210 F) of from about to about 280, and substantially no free chlorine.
THe composition of this invention can be formed by blending the three components in any desired order with one another at sub-ambient, ambient, or superambient temperatures and pressures until a substantially homogeneous mixture is obtained. Suitable properties for the final composition can be a gravity (API) of from about 11.5 to about 12.5, a viscosity (SUS at 100 F) of from about 1300 to about 1500, at least about 5 weight percent, preferably at least about 6 weight percent, total sulfur, and at least about 3 weight percent, preferably at least about 3.5 weight percent, total halogen. The maximum amounts of sulfur and halogen are dictated only by practical considerations such as how much sulfur the particular lard oil used can be made to pick up in the particular sulfurization process used.
Other conventional materials can be included in the composition of this invention, e. g., corrosion inhibitors, wear inhibitors, oxidation stabilizers, odor stabilizers, and the like. Two or more of these materials can be employed as desired.
Corrosion inhibitors can be used in amounts which vary widely but generally in an effective corrosion inhibiting amount. These materials include alkali metal sulfonates and alkaline earth metal sulfonates such as sodium sulfonate and calcium sulfonate, particularly overbased calcium sulfonate. Efiective wear inhibiting amounts of at least one of monothiophosphates and polythiophosphates (2 to 10 sulfuratons) of zinc, cadmium, tin, iron, cobalt, nickel, vanadium, chromium, manganese, molybdenum, tungsten, titanium, and zirconium, can be employed, particularly zinc dithiophosphate. These additives can each be employed in an amount of from about 1 to about 30 weight percent and can be incorporated before, during, or after mixing of the other components.
The composition of this invention is normally employed in the drilling fluid utilized in the drilling operation. lt has been found that whether a drilling fluid is susceptible to catastrophic vibration during high speed rotation is related to the scar width value obtained by subjecting the drilling fluid to a scar width test as hereinafter defined. The smaller the scar width, the greater the lubricity of the drilling fluid and, therefore, the less there is of a likelihood of catastrophic vibration while utilizing the drilling fluid in a high speed operation. Thus, the more the scar width value of a given drilling fluid can be decreased, the more likely it is that a drilling operation can be carried out with that drilling fluid without encountering catastrophic vibration.
The composition of this invention, when added to a drilling fluid, be it a water base (salt water or fresh water) or an oil base or invert drilling fluid, can substantially reduce the scar width value of the drilling fluid below the scar width value of that drilling fluid when it does not contain the composition of this invention. Generally, the composition of this invention is employed in the drilling fluid in an amount effective to substantially reduce the scar width value of the drilling fluid and generally the scar width value is reduced by at least about 0.01 of an inch. This is a substantial decrease in scar width and indicates a substantial increase in lubricity and an ability to prevent catastrophic vibration of drill pipe during high speed rotation, particularly in a small diameter wellbore.
Depending upon the particular drilling apparatus employed, the method of operating that apparatus, the composition of the drilling fluid, the size and depth of the wellbore, and the like, the amount of composition of this invention which is employed will vary widely. Generally, at least about 0.1, preferably from about 0.2 to about 10, weight percent of the composition is employed in the drilling fluid and can be incorporated in the drilling fluid by mixing at sub-ambient, ambient, or super-ambient conditions of temperature and pressure until a substantially homogeneous mixture is obtained.
A scar width value for drilling fluid is obtained using an EP Mud Tester model 211 which is available commercially from the Baroid Division of the National Lead Company. This tester is designed to measure the lubricating properties of drilling fluids by mounting a hardened steel test cup (Rockwell C scale hardness of 58-62) on a rotating shaft and forcing a steel wear block (Rockwell C scale hardness of 58-62) against the test cup with a predetermined load while the test cup and wear block are immersed in the drilling fluid being tested. The load is applied with a torque am that is operatively connected to the wear block, the torque arm containing a torque gauge calibrated in inch pounds. The friction load is read on an ammeter scale indicating the electrical current consumption of the driving motor. The motor is run at 1400 rpm which amounts to a surface velocity of the test cup of 507 feet per minute, the test cup diameter being 1.378 inches. Each test cup is used only once and a fresh spot is selected on the wear block for each run.
In the actual test itself, a friction load corresponding to three amps is applied with the torque arm and the run continued for seconds holding the ammeter reading constant by increasing the load applied to the torque arm. The width of the scar formed on the wear block by the test cup is then measured and reported in inches. Each test is carried out under ambient conditions of temperature and pressure using sufficient drilling fluid to completely immerse the test cup.
It has been found that by employing the composition of this invention in the manner described hereinabove, substantially smaller scar widths are obtained with a given drilling fluid as compared to scar widths obtained by the use of commercially available extreme pressure (EP) lubricant additives.
All of the materials useful in the composition of this invention are available commercially and are wellknown in the art and therefore will not, for sake of brevity, be discussed in detail as to their source of availability or method of preparation.
EXAMPLE A composition according to this invention was formed by blending 32 weight percent naphthenic mineral oil available commercially as Sintex Pale Oil and having the physical properties of API gravity of 22 to 25, and saybolt viscosity at F of 55 to 60; 60 weight percent sulfurized lard oil commercially available as Union Base and having the physical properties API gravity of 9.5 to 11.5, viscosity (SUS at 210 F) of 360 to 450, no less than 10.5 weight percent total sulfur based on the lard oil; and 8 weight percent chlorinated paraffin commercially available as Paroil 142 having the properties of specific gravity (GO/60 F) of 1.16 to 1.20; 40 to 46 weight percent chlorine based on the chlorinated paraffin, viscosity (SUS at 210 F) of to 280, and no free chlorine. The composition was formed by adding the components in the above listed order to a blending kettle and mixing same for 1 hour at temperatures in the range of from to F.
A drilling fluid composition was made up by mixing 350 cubic centimeters (350 grams) of distilled water and 14 to 15 grams of bentonite at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure until a homogeneous mixture was obtained. The combination of water and bentonite in the above amounts constituted the volume of drilling fluid employed in each scar width test for each composition discussed hereinbelow.
Various additives were employed in a separate volume of the above drilling fluid by mixing the particular additive with the volume of drilling fluid at ambient conditions of temperature and pressure until a substantially homogeneous mixture was obtained.
The mixture of drilling fluid and additive was then tested for its scar width in the manner disclosed hereinabove, keeping the friction load during each 20 second test at 3 amps.
1n all 10 runs were made, one run being the drilling fluid with no additive, 4 runs being the drilling fluid with commercially available HP additives, and 5 runs being the drilling fluid with additives according to this invention. In run 1 the drilling fluid with no additive was employed. In runs 2 and 3 different amounts of a commercially available additive identified as crude tall oil containing 0.2 weight percent chlorine and 4.4 weight percent sulfur was employed. In runs 3 and 4 different amounts of a commercially available additive identified as coal tar having 1.7 weight percent chlorine and 4.9 weight percent sulfur was employed. Runs 6 and 7 employed different amounts of the composition of this invention. Run 8 employed the composition of this invention with the addition of 1 weight percent zinc dithiophosphate. Run 9 employed the composition of this invention with the addition of weight percent sodium sulfonate and 2 weight percent water. Run 10 employed the composition of this invention with the addition of weight percent overbased calcium sulfonate. The results are as shown in the following table:
Scar Width Run Inches 1 Drilling Fluid (D.F.) only 0.16 2 D.F. p us 4 gm commercial additive 0.04 3 BF. plus 8 gm commercial additive 0.028 4 DP. plus 4 gm commercial additive 0.04 5 BF. plus 8 gm commercial additive 0.03 6 DR plus 6 gm invention composition 0.02 7 D.F. plus 3 gm invention composition 0.025 8 D.F. plus 6 gm invention composition lus Zn dithiophosphate 0.03
IDF. plus 6 gm invention composition us 1 0 weight Na Sulfonate & 2 weight 0.03 water 1? DR plus 6 gm invention composition us verbased Ca sulfonate 0.025
It can be seen from the above data that the composition of this invention decreased the scar width of the drilling fluid even below that obtained with commercially available additives and therefore increased the lubricity of the drilling fluid and also increased the ability of the drilling fluid to prevent catastrophic vibration during drilling over what can presently be achieved with commercially available additives.
Reasonable variations and modifications are possible within the scope of this disclosure without departing from the spirit and scope of this invention.
The embodiments of the invention in which an exclusive property or privilege is claimed are defined as follows:
1. in a rotary drilling method the improvement comprising employing a drilling fluid containing a composition consisting essentially of at least about 40 weight percent sulfurized lard oil, at least about 10 weight percent mineral oil, and at least about 1 weight percent halogenated paraffin, said composition containing greater than 2 weight percent total halogen and greater than 5 weight percent total sulfur, said composition being employed in an amount effective to substantially reduce the scar width value of the drilling fluid below the scar width value of the drilling fluid when not containing said composition.
2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said composition has a gravity (APl) of from about 11.5 to about 12.5, a viscosity (SUS at 100 F) of from about 1300 to about 1500, at least about 5 weight percent total sulfur, and at least about 3 weight percent total chlorine.
3. A method according to claim 1 wherein there is additionally present in said composition at least one of (1 an effective rust inhibiting amount of at least one of alkali metal sulfonates and alkaline earth metal sulfonates, and (2) an effective wear inhibiting amount of at least one of monoand polythiophosphates of Zn,
Cd Sn, Fe,Co Ni, V, Cr, Mn, Mo,W,Ti and Zr.
4. A method according to claim 1 wherein there IS additionally present in said composition at least one of Na sulfonate, Ca sulfonate, and Zn dithiophosphate, each being present in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 30 weight percent.
5. A method according to claim 1 wherein said drilling method is a slim hole method wherein at least part of the drill string and drill bit are rotated at speeds of from about 400 up to at least about 3000 rpm in a small diameter wellbore.
6. A method according to claim 1 wherein said amount of said composition is at least about 0.1 weight percent based on the total weight of said drilling fluid.
7. A method according to claim 1 wherein said scar width value is reduced by at least about 0.01 of an inch.
8. A method according to claim 1 wherein said lard oil is present in an amount of from about 40 to about weight percent, said mineral oil is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 50 weight percent, and said paraffin is chlorinated and is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 20 weight percent.
9. A method according to claim 8 wherein said mineral oil is a naphthenic oil which has a gravity (API) of from about 22 to about 25, and a Saybolt viscosity F) of from about 55 to about 60, said lard oil has a gravity (AP1) of from about 9.5 to about 11.5, a viscosity (SUS at 210 F) of from about 360 to about 450, and at least about 10.5 weight percent sulfur based on the weight of the lard oil, said paraffin is chlorinated and has a specific gravity (60/60 F) of from about 1.16 to about 1.20, from about 40 to about 46 weight percent chlorine based on the weight of the chlorinated paraffin, a viscosity (SUS at 210 F) of from about to about 280, and substantially no free chlorine.
Claims (8)
- 2. A method according to claim 1 wherein said composition has a gravity (*API) of from about 11.5 to about 12.5, a viscosity (SUS at 100* F) of from about 1300 to about 1500, at least about 5 weight percent total sulfur, and at least about 3 weight percent total chlorine.
- 3. A method according to claim 1 wherein there is additionally present in said composition at least one of (1) an effective rust inhibiting amount of at least one of alkali metal sulfonates and alkaline earth metal sulfonates, and (2) an effective wear inhibiting amount of at least one of mono- and polythiophosphates of Zn, Cd, Sn, Fe, Co, Ni, V, Cr, Mn, Mo, W, Ti, and Zr.
- 4. A method according to claim 1 wherein there is additionally present in said composition at least one of Na sulfonate, Ca sulfonate, and Zn dithiophosphate, each being present in an amount in the range of from about 1 to about 30 weight percent.
- 5. A method according to claim 1 wherein said drilling method is a slim hole method wherein at least part of the drill string and drill bit are rotated at speeds of from about 400 up to at least about 3000 rpm in a small diameter wellbore.
- 6. A method according to claim 1 wherein said amount of said composition is at least about 0.1 weight percent based on the total weight of said drilling fluid.
- 7. A method according to claim 1 wherein said scar width value is reduced by at least about 0.01 of an inch.
- 8. A method according to claim 1 wherein said lard oil is present in an amount of from about 40 to about 80 weight percent, said mineral oil is present in an amount of from about 10 to about 50 weight percent, and said paraffin is chlorinated and is present in an amount of from about 1 to about 20 weight percent.
- 9. A method according to claim 8 wherein said mineral oil is a naphthenic oil which has a gravity (*API) of from about 22 to about 25, and a Saybolt viscosity (100* F) of from about 55 to about 60, said lard oil has a gravity (*API) of from about 9.5 to about 11.5, a viscosity (SUS at 210* F) of from about 360 to about 450, and at least about 10.5 weight percent sulfur based on the weight of the lard oil, said paraffin is chlorinated and has a specific gravity (60/60* F) of from about 1.16 to about 1.20, from about 40 to about 46 weight percent chlorine based on the weight of the chlorinated paraffin, a viscosity (SUS at 210* F) of from about 150 to about 280, and substantially no free chlorine.
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US10817071A | 1971-01-20 | 1971-01-20 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3712393A true US3712393A (en) | 1973-01-23 |
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ID=22320702
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00108170A Expired - Lifetime US3712393A (en) | 1971-01-20 | 1971-01-20 | Method of drilling |
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| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3712393A (en) |
| CA (1) | CA970146A (en) |
Cited By (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2521582A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-08-19 | Milchem Inc | Non-polluting oil for offshore drilling fluids - with low toxicity to shrimps and low viscosity |
| FR2521584A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-08-19 | Milchem Inc | Non-polluting oil for offshore drilling fluids - with low toxicity to shrimps and low viscosity |
| WO1983002950A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-09-01 | Richard Pawel Jachnik | Drilling fluids and methods of using them |
| WO1983002951A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-09-01 | Richard Pawel Jachnik | Drilling fluids and methods of using them |
| US4409108A (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1983-10-11 | Halliburton Company | Lubricating composition for well fluids |
| US4517100A (en) * | 1983-02-07 | 1985-05-14 | Witco Chemical Corporation | Lubricating wellbore fluid and method of drilling |
| US5207953A (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1993-05-04 | Trisol Inc. | Fire retarded solvents |
| US5269632A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1993-12-14 | Shell Oil Company | Method for strengthening the structural base of offshore structures |
| US5275511A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-01-04 | Shell Oil Company | Method for installation of piles in offshore locations |
| US5277519A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-01-11 | Shell Oil Company | Well drilling cuttings disposal |
| US5284513A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-02-08 | Shell Oil Co | Cement slurry and cement compositions |
| US5285679A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-02-15 | Shell Oil Company | Quantification of blast furnace slag in a slurry |
| US5301752A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-04-12 | Shell Oil Company | Drilling and cementing with phosphate-blast furnace slag |
| US5301754A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-04-12 | Shell Oil Company | Wellbore cementing with ionomer-blast furnace slag system |
| US5307877A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-03 | Shell Oil Company | Wellbore sealing with two-component ionomeric system |
| US5307876A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-03 | Shell Oil Company | Method to cement a wellbore in the presence of carbon dioxide |
| US5309997A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-10 | Shell Oil Company | Well fluid for in-situ borehole repair |
| US5309999A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-10 | Shell Oil Company | Cement slurry composition and method to cement wellbore casings in salt formations |
| US5311945A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-17 | Shell Oil Company | Drilling and cementing with phosphate |
| US5311944A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-17 | Shell Oil Company | Blast furnace slag blend in cement |
| US5314031A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-24 | Shell Oil Company | Directional drilling plug |
| US5314022A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-24 | Shell Oil Company | Dilution of drilling fluid in forming cement slurries |
| US5322124A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-06-21 | Shell Oil Company | Squeeze cementing |
| US5325922A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-07-05 | Shell Oil Company | Restoring lost circulation |
| US5332040A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-07-26 | Shell Oil Company | Process to cement a casing in a wellbore |
| US5343951A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-09-06 | Shell Oil Company | Drilling and cementing slim hole wells |
| US5343947A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-09-06 | Shell Oil Company | Anchor plug for open hole test tools |
| US5343952A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-09-06 | Shell Oil Company | Cement plug for well abandonment |
| US5343950A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-09-06 | Shell Oil Company | Drilling and cementing extended reach boreholes |
| US5351759A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-10-04 | Shell Oil Company | Slag-cement displacement by direct fluid contact |
| US5358049A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-10-25 | Shell Oil Company | Conversion of emulsion mud to cement |
| US5379843A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1995-01-10 | Shell Oil Company | Side-tracking cement plug |
| US5423379A (en) * | 1989-12-27 | 1995-06-13 | Shell Oil Company | Solidification of water based muds |
| US5535834A (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1996-07-16 | Champion Technologies, Inc. | Method for reducing torque in downhole drilling |
| US5673753A (en) * | 1989-12-27 | 1997-10-07 | Shell Oil Company | Solidification of water based muds |
| US5707940A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-01-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Environmentally friendly water based drilling fluids |
| US5715896A (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1998-02-10 | Champion Techologies, Inc. | Method and composition for reducing torque in downhole drilling |
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| US2773030A (en) * | 1954-10-28 | 1956-12-04 | Gulf Oil Corp | Drilling muds |
| US3214374A (en) * | 1961-10-26 | 1965-10-26 | Magnet Cove Barium Corp | Drilling fluids and compositions for preparing the same |
| US3372112A (en) * | 1964-05-14 | 1968-03-05 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Drilling fluids having enhanced lubricating properties |
| US3635294A (en) * | 1970-04-29 | 1972-01-18 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Drill pipe vibration control in rotary drilling |
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1971
- 1971-01-20 US US00108170A patent/US3712393A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1971-11-25 CA CA128,585A patent/CA970146A/en not_active Expired
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| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2773030A (en) * | 1954-10-28 | 1956-12-04 | Gulf Oil Corp | Drilling muds |
| US3214374A (en) * | 1961-10-26 | 1965-10-26 | Magnet Cove Barium Corp | Drilling fluids and compositions for preparing the same |
| US3372112A (en) * | 1964-05-14 | 1968-03-05 | Phillips Petroleum Co | Drilling fluids having enhanced lubricating properties |
| US3635294A (en) * | 1970-04-29 | 1972-01-18 | Atlantic Richfield Co | Drill pipe vibration control in rotary drilling |
Cited By (37)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4409108A (en) * | 1980-06-02 | 1983-10-11 | Halliburton Company | Lubricating composition for well fluids |
| FR2521582A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-08-19 | Milchem Inc | Non-polluting oil for offshore drilling fluids - with low toxicity to shrimps and low viscosity |
| FR2521584A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-08-19 | Milchem Inc | Non-polluting oil for offshore drilling fluids - with low toxicity to shrimps and low viscosity |
| WO1983002950A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-09-01 | Richard Pawel Jachnik | Drilling fluids and methods of using them |
| WO1983002951A1 (en) * | 1982-02-18 | 1983-09-01 | Richard Pawel Jachnik | Drilling fluids and methods of using them |
| US4517100A (en) * | 1983-02-07 | 1985-05-14 | Witco Chemical Corporation | Lubricating wellbore fluid and method of drilling |
| US5673753A (en) * | 1989-12-27 | 1997-10-07 | Shell Oil Company | Solidification of water based muds |
| US5423379A (en) * | 1989-12-27 | 1995-06-13 | Shell Oil Company | Solidification of water based muds |
| US5207953A (en) * | 1991-11-27 | 1993-05-04 | Trisol Inc. | Fire retarded solvents |
| US5311945A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-17 | Shell Oil Company | Drilling and cementing with phosphate |
| US5322124A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-06-21 | Shell Oil Company | Squeeze cementing |
| US5285679A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-02-15 | Shell Oil Company | Quantification of blast furnace slag in a slurry |
| US5301752A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-04-12 | Shell Oil Company | Drilling and cementing with phosphate-blast furnace slag |
| US5301754A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-04-12 | Shell Oil Company | Wellbore cementing with ionomer-blast furnace slag system |
| US5307877A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-03 | Shell Oil Company | Wellbore sealing with two-component ionomeric system |
| US5307876A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-03 | Shell Oil Company | Method to cement a wellbore in the presence of carbon dioxide |
| US5309997A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-10 | Shell Oil Company | Well fluid for in-situ borehole repair |
| US5309999A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-10 | Shell Oil Company | Cement slurry composition and method to cement wellbore casings in salt formations |
| US5277519A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-01-11 | Shell Oil Company | Well drilling cuttings disposal |
| US5311944A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-17 | Shell Oil Company | Blast furnace slag blend in cement |
| US5314031A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-24 | Shell Oil Company | Directional drilling plug |
| US5314022A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-05-24 | Shell Oil Company | Dilution of drilling fluid in forming cement slurries |
| US5284513A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-02-08 | Shell Oil Co | Cement slurry and cement compositions |
| US5325922A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-07-05 | Shell Oil Company | Restoring lost circulation |
| US5332040A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-07-26 | Shell Oil Company | Process to cement a casing in a wellbore |
| US5343951A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-09-06 | Shell Oil Company | Drilling and cementing slim hole wells |
| US5343947A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-09-06 | Shell Oil Company | Anchor plug for open hole test tools |
| US5343952A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-09-06 | Shell Oil Company | Cement plug for well abandonment |
| US5343950A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-09-06 | Shell Oil Company | Drilling and cementing extended reach boreholes |
| US5351759A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-10-04 | Shell Oil Company | Slag-cement displacement by direct fluid contact |
| US5358049A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-10-25 | Shell Oil Company | Conversion of emulsion mud to cement |
| US5379843A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1995-01-10 | Shell Oil Company | Side-tracking cement plug |
| US5275511A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1994-01-04 | Shell Oil Company | Method for installation of piles in offshore locations |
| US5269632A (en) * | 1992-10-22 | 1993-12-14 | Shell Oil Company | Method for strengthening the structural base of offshore structures |
| US5535834A (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1996-07-16 | Champion Technologies, Inc. | Method for reducing torque in downhole drilling |
| US5715896A (en) * | 1994-09-02 | 1998-02-10 | Champion Techologies, Inc. | Method and composition for reducing torque in downhole drilling |
| US5707940A (en) * | 1995-06-07 | 1998-01-13 | The Lubrizol Corporation | Environmentally friendly water based drilling fluids |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| CA970146A (en) | 1975-07-01 |
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