US3773684A - Dipolar electro-optic compositions and method of preparation - Google Patents
Dipolar electro-optic compositions and method of preparation Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3773684A US3773684A US00016185A US3773684DA US3773684A US 3773684 A US3773684 A US 3773684A US 00016185 A US00016185 A US 00016185A US 3773684D A US3773684D A US 3773684DA US 3773684 A US3773684 A US 3773684A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- solvent
- composition
- solution
- electrodichroic
- dipolar
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 9
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 title claims description 14
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 title description 2
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims 17
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 claims 6
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims 5
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 claims 5
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims 4
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 claims 4
- OCLTZILENWBWIY-HKPQTANOSA-N (r)-[(2s,4s,5r)-5-ethenyl-1-azabicyclo[2.2.2]octan-2-yl]-(6-methoxyquinolin-4-yl)methanol;molecular iodine;sulfuric acid;dihydroiodide Chemical compound I.I.II.II.OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.OS(O)(=O)=O.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21.C([C@H]([C@H](C1)C=C)C2)CN1[C@@H]2[C@H](O)C1=CC=NC2=CC=C(OC)C=C21 OCLTZILENWBWIY-HKPQTANOSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Palladium Chemical compound [Pd] KDLHZDBZIXYQEI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 2
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- 239000012141 concentrate Substances 0.000 claims 2
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 claims 2
- BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N platinum Chemical compound [Pt] BASFCYQUMIYNBI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052787 antimony Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N antimony atom Chemical compound [Sb] WATWJIUSRGPENY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052793 cadmium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N cadmium atom Chemical compound [Cd] BDOSMKKIYDKNTQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims 1
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052738 indium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011133 lead Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052763 palladium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000049 pigment Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052697 platinum Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- GOBHMYHEFKUOKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N silver tantalum Chemical compound [Ag][Ta] GOBHMYHEFKUOKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- -1 thalium Chemical compound 0.000 claims 1
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims 1
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000009974 thixotropic effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 claims 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 230000000007 visual effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 230000005670 electromagnetic radiation Effects 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004663 powder metallurgy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02F—OPTICAL DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS FOR THE CONTROL OF LIGHT BY MODIFICATION OF THE OPTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE MEDIA OF THE ELEMENTS INVOLVED THEREIN; NON-LINEAR OPTICS; FREQUENCY-CHANGING OF LIGHT; OPTICAL LOGIC ELEMENTS; OPTICAL ANALOGUE/DIGITAL CONVERTERS
- G02F1/00—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics
- G02F1/01—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour
- G02F1/17—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169
- G02F1/172—Devices or arrangements for the control of the intensity, colour, phase, polarisation or direction of light arriving from an independent light source, e.g. switching, gating or modulating; Non-linear optics for the control of the intensity, phase, polarisation or colour based on variable-absorption elements not provided for in groups G02F1/015 - G02F1/169 based on a suspension of orientable dipolar particles, e.g. suspended particles displays
Abstract
Methods and apparatus incorporating suspensions of assymetric minute dipolar particles for the control of electromagnetic radiation. The physical electrical and optical properties of the dipolar particles and their suspending medium are specified in conjunction with apparatus employing them.
Description
nited States Patent 1191 Marks [45] Nov. 20, 1973 [5 BIPOLAR ELECTRO-OPTIC 3,241,948 3/1966 Clarborne et a1. 75 .5 B COMPOSITIONS AND METHOD 01 3,367,766 2/1968 Harrington et al.... 29/192 2,456,313 12/1948 Pratt 106/290 PREPARATION 3,007,160 10/1961 l-lalpem 343/18 [76] Inventor: Alvin M, Marks, 153-16 10th Ave 3,171,106 2/1965 Lemmond 340 174.1 whitestone, N Y 3,213,027 10/1965 Fatuzzo et a1. 252/63.2 3,513,449 5/1970 Young 340/173 [22] Filed: Mar. 3, 1970 2 l N 16 185 OTHER PUBLICATIONS App o" Powder Metallurgy, Goetzel, Vol. 1, lnterscience Pub- Related US. Application Data lishers, Inc., N.Y. pp. 9297 copy in library (1949). [63] Continuation-in-part of Ser. No. 378,836, June 29,
964, Pal 3,512,876 Primary ExaminerJohn D. Welsh AttorneyPhilip D. Amins [52] U.S. Cl. 252/309, 348/18, 106/288 B, 148/16, 252/300, 350/267 [51] Int. Cl B01j 13/00 [57] ABSTRACT [58] Field of Search 252/63.5, 63, 309; Methods and apparatus incorporating Suspensions of 343/18 A; 29/192 R; 75/.5; l48/1.6; 350/267 assymetric minute dipolar particles for thecontrol of electromagnetic radiation. The physical electrical and [56] References Cited optica1 properties of the dipolar particles and their UNITED STATES PATENTS suspending medium are specified in conjunction with apparatus employing them. 2,543,793 3/1951 Marks 350/267 3,151,971 10/1964 Clough 75/.5 B 17 Claims, 69 Drawing Figures PATENTEDHUYZO 1975 sum cu or 9 PAIENIEUnmo I975 v 3.773.684 SHEET NM 29 L/6 7 FIG. 43
INVENTOR. 2' 41/5 ,44 w/v M Mazes Fl G. 42 m 424M161 PATENTEU I975 SHEET 160! 29 3.773.684
FEG. 45 w T rraleA a V PATENIED Hm 20 mm SHEET 180F 29 VARIOUS CROSS SECTIONAL AREAS FOR HALF-WAVE DIPOLE Aa+Ab ZOEbMw mmOmo w C. 4mm
RATIO OF RADIATION RESISTANCE TO ABSORPTION RESISTANCE SIM W W mm VM W m M wf M/ C Q PAIENTED IIIIIZO I873 CURVES OF CONSTANT MINIMUM TRANSMISSION RELATIVE TRANSMITTANC E ELECTRIC DICHROIC RATIO I'o 2b 3b MAXIMUM TRANSMITTANCE vs.
ELECTRODICHROIC RATIO FOR CONSTANT MINIMUM TRANSMITTANCE OF 0.0I%, O. I% AND I% lSUF 29 Z CELL CONTAINING A CHROMIUM DIPOLE SUSPENSION VOLTAGE TRACE IKV/ DIV.
TIME (milhseconds) Z CELL CONTAINING A CHROMIUM DIPOLE SUSPENSION 8 VOLTAGE TRACE lKV/DIV TIME (mllllseconds)
Claims (16)
- 2. An electrodichroic composition of matter according to claim 1 in which the transparent fluid suspending medium is a thermoplastic medium.
- 3. An electrodichroic composition of matter according to claim 1 in which the transparent fluid suspending medium is thixotropic.
- 4. An electrodichroic composition of matter according to claim 1 in which the transparent fluid suspending medium has a resistivity of at least 30 megohm-cm.
- 5. An electrodichroic composition of matter according to claim 1, in which the conductive particles are selected from the class consisting of aluminum, aluminum nickelide, antimony, cadmium, chromium, copper, gold, indium, lead, palladium, platinum, silver tantalum, thalium, titanium herapathite and tungsten.
- 6. An electrodichroic composition of matter according to claim 1 in which the particles are needle-like.
- 7. A pigment comprising an electrodichroic composition of matter according to claim 6, in which the dipoles have maximum lengths in the rnage of 1000 to 3000 A.
- 8. An electrodichroic composition of matter according to claim 1 in which the particls have a long dimension of the order of lambda /2n, and at least one other dimension not exceeding lambda /10n, where lambda is the wavelength of light in the visual range and n is the indeX of refraction of said transprent suspending medium.
- 9. An electrodichroic composition according to claim 5 in which the particles are flakes having long dimensions in the range of 1000 to 10,000 A, and said flakes having thicknesses of 50 to 250A.
- 10. The method of preparing a dipolar crystalline suspension defined by claim 1 which comprises forming from solution a suspension of needle-like crystals in a solvent media, saod solution being in at least a saturated condition, adding a miscible non-solvent of higher boiling point to said solution, and thereafter removing the solvent component.
- 11. The method of preparing a dipolar crystalline suspension defined by claim 1 which comprises forming from solution a suspension of needle-like crystals in a solvent media containing a polymer, said solution being in at least a saturated condition, adding a miscible non-solvent of higher boiling point to said solution and thereafter removing the solvent component.
- 12. The method of preparing a dipolar crystalline suspension defined by claim 1 which comprises forming from solution a suspension of needle-like crystals in a solvent media containing a polymer, said solution being in at least a saturated condition, adding a miscible non-solvent of higher boiling point to said solution and thereafter removing the solvent component, said non-solvent being of a sufficient quantity to form a paste upon removal of the solvent.
- 13. The method of preparing a dipolar crystalline suspension defined by claim 1 which comprises forming from solution a suspension of needle-like crystals from a solvent media containing a polymer, said solution being in at least a saturated condition, adding a miscible non-solvent of higher boiling point to said solution and thereafter removing the solvent component by vacuum, said non-solvent being of a sufficient quantity to form a paste upon removal of the solvent, and thereafter adding a low viscosity miscible non-solvent to dilute the paste to form a low viscosity dipolar suspension.
- 14. A method according to claim 13 in which the needle-like crystals are Herapathite crystals.
- 15. An electrodichroic composition of matter of a high viscosity concentrate including a polymer 1000 parts, plasticizer 1000-5000 parts, dipolar particles 1-1000 parts suspended therein, and said dipolar particles having lengths in the range of 0.1-1 Mu .
- 16. An electrodichroic composition of matter including a nonionic fluid containing 1-10 percent of a high viscosity concentrate according to claim 15, with which the polymer and plasticizer is compatible, and dissolved therein, and in which total composition the dipoles are suspended.
- 17. An electrodichroic composition of matter comprising a suspension of conductive particles in a non-reactive transparent fluid suspending medium, said particles having lengths in the range of 0.1-0.2 Mu and each of said particles having length to thickness ratios of at least 5.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| US37883664A | 1964-06-29 | 1964-06-29 | |
| US1618570A | 1970-03-03 | 1970-03-03 |
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US3773684A true US3773684A (en) | 1973-11-20 |
Family
ID=26688282
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US00016185A Expired - Lifetime US3773684A (en) | 1964-06-29 | 1970-03-03 | Dipolar electro-optic compositions and method of preparation |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US3773684A (en) |
Cited By (31)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4247175A (en) * | 1978-10-31 | 1981-01-27 | Research Frontiers Incorporated | Light valve containing improved light valve suspension |
| US4270841A (en) * | 1978-10-31 | 1981-06-02 | Research Frontiers Incorporated | Light valve containing suspension of perhalide of alkaloid acid salt |
| US4442019A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1984-04-10 | Marks Alvin M | Electroordered dipole suspension |
| US4606848A (en) * | 1984-08-14 | 1986-08-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Radar attenuating paint |
| US4663083A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1987-05-05 | Marks Alvin M | Electro-optical dipole suspension with reflective-absorptive-transmissive characteristics |
| US4725490A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1988-02-16 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | High magnetic permeability composites containing fibers with ferrite fill |
| US4728554A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1988-03-01 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Fiber structure and method for obtaining tuned response to high frequency electromagnetic radiation |
| US4987418A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1991-01-22 | United Technologies Corporation | Ferroelectric panel |
| US4989006A (en) * | 1989-10-17 | 1991-01-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Microwave absorption system |
| US5142418A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1992-08-25 | The Unites States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Superconducting tunable inorganic filter |
| US5155634A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1992-10-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Superconducting reflection filter |
| US5161068A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1992-11-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Superconducting searching filter |
| US5204772A (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1993-04-20 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Electrically responsive light controlling device |
| US5270872A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1993-12-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Superconducting submicron filter |
| US5345238A (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1994-09-06 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Satellite signature suppression shield |
| US5650872A (en) * | 1994-12-08 | 1997-07-22 | Research Frontiers Incorporated | Light valve containing ultrafine particles |
| US5711884A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1998-01-27 | University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | Method of filtering submicron particles with gel lattice membrane filter |
| US20030076087A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-04-24 | Imego Ab | Method and arrangement relating to substance analysis |
| US20030169032A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-09-11 | Ana Minchole | Method and arrangement relating to substance analysis |
| WO2005029171A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-03-31 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Display device with suspended anisometric particles |
| US20060022880A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-02 | Chiang Kuo C | Multi-band antenna |
| US20080231977A1 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2008-09-25 | Gilles Schwaab | Reflective Layer |
| US20100026590A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2010-02-04 | Kuo-Ching Chiang | Thin film multi-band antenna |
| US20100047593A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2010-02-25 | Osamu Higashida | Light Control Film |
| WO2010032068A1 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-03-25 | Pilkington Group Limited | Switchable glazing |
| WO2010032069A1 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-03-25 | Pilkington Group Limited | Methods of switching and apparatus comprising an electrically actuated variable transmission material |
| US20100158657A1 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2010-06-24 | Toru Maekawa | Method for Manipulation Using Rotational Magnetic Field |
| US20120231178A1 (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2012-09-13 | Condalign As | Anisotropic conducting body and method of manufacture |
| US20130257639A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Toshihide Takahashi | Radiowave absorber |
| US20140361666A1 (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2014-12-11 | Fujitsu Limited | Crystal resonator, and production method therefor |
| DE102017214093B3 (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2018-11-29 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Flat light modulation device with switchable multistable transmittances and / or multi-stable scattering properties with respect to visible light and vehicle with a flat light modulation device |
-
1970
- 1970-03-03 US US00016185A patent/US3773684A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (46)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4442019A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1984-04-10 | Marks Alvin M | Electroordered dipole suspension |
| US4663083A (en) * | 1978-05-26 | 1987-05-05 | Marks Alvin M | Electro-optical dipole suspension with reflective-absorptive-transmissive characteristics |
| US4247175A (en) * | 1978-10-31 | 1981-01-27 | Research Frontiers Incorporated | Light valve containing improved light valve suspension |
| US4270841A (en) * | 1978-10-31 | 1981-06-02 | Research Frontiers Incorporated | Light valve containing suspension of perhalide of alkaloid acid salt |
| US4606848A (en) * | 1984-08-14 | 1986-08-19 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army | Radar attenuating paint |
| US4725490A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1988-02-16 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | High magnetic permeability composites containing fibers with ferrite fill |
| US4728554A (en) * | 1986-05-05 | 1988-03-01 | Hoechst Celanese Corporation | Fiber structure and method for obtaining tuned response to high frequency electromagnetic radiation |
| US4987418A (en) * | 1987-12-28 | 1991-01-22 | United Technologies Corporation | Ferroelectric panel |
| US5155634A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1992-10-13 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Superconducting reflection filter |
| US5142418A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1992-08-25 | The Unites States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Superconducting tunable inorganic filter |
| US5161068A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1992-11-03 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Superconducting searching filter |
| US5270872A (en) * | 1989-07-20 | 1993-12-14 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Superconducting submicron filter |
| US4989006A (en) * | 1989-10-17 | 1991-01-29 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Air Force | Microwave absorption system |
| US5345238A (en) * | 1990-03-13 | 1994-09-06 | Teledyne Industries, Inc. | Satellite signature suppression shield |
| US5711884A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1998-01-27 | University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | Method of filtering submicron particles with gel lattice membrane filter |
| US5944994A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1999-08-31 | University Of Pittsburgh Of The Commonwealth System Of Higher Education | Coating material having refractive membrane filter fragments |
| US6001251A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 1999-12-14 | University Of Pittsburgh | Material for separating submicron particles |
| US6123845A (en) * | 1990-08-22 | 2000-09-26 | University Of Pittsburgh | Crystalline colloidal arrays in solid form |
| US5204772A (en) * | 1990-11-28 | 1993-04-20 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Electrically responsive light controlling device |
| US5650872A (en) * | 1994-12-08 | 1997-07-22 | Research Frontiers Incorporated | Light valve containing ultrafine particles |
| US6825655B2 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2004-11-30 | Imego Ab | Method and arrangement for detecting changes of a magnetic response in magnetic particles |
| US20030169032A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-09-11 | Ana Minchole | Method and arrangement relating to substance analysis |
| US20030076087A1 (en) * | 2001-08-31 | 2003-04-24 | Imego Ab | Method and arrangement relating to substance analysis |
| US20080231977A1 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2008-09-25 | Gilles Schwaab | Reflective Layer |
| US7642948B2 (en) * | 2003-08-14 | 2010-01-05 | Ewald Dorken Ag | Reflective layer |
| WO2005029171A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2005-03-31 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. | Display device with suspended anisometric particles |
| US20070070489A1 (en) * | 2003-09-23 | 2007-03-29 | Verhaegh Nynke A | Display device with suspended anisometric particles |
| US20060022880A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2006-02-02 | Chiang Kuo C | Multi-band antenna |
| US7388549B2 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2008-06-17 | Kuo Ching Chiang | Multi-band antenna |
| US20100026590A1 (en) * | 2004-07-28 | 2010-02-04 | Kuo-Ching Chiang | Thin film multi-band antenna |
| US20100158657A1 (en) * | 2005-08-12 | 2010-06-24 | Toru Maekawa | Method for Manipulation Using Rotational Magnetic Field |
| US20100047593A1 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2010-02-25 | Osamu Higashida | Light Control Film |
| US9638979B2 (en) * | 2006-12-21 | 2017-05-02 | Hitachi Chemical Company, Ltd. | Light control film |
| US8537295B2 (en) | 2008-09-22 | 2013-09-17 | Pilkington Group Limited | Methods of switching and apparatus comprising an electrically actuated variable transmission material |
| US20110170030A1 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2011-07-14 | Pilkington Group Limited | Methods of switching and apparatus comprising an electrically actuated variable transmission material |
| CN102209831A (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2011-10-05 | 皮尔金顿集团有限公司 | Methods of switching and apparatus comprising an electrically actuated variable transmission material |
| WO2010032068A1 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-03-25 | Pilkington Group Limited | Switchable glazing |
| WO2010032069A1 (en) * | 2008-09-22 | 2010-03-25 | Pilkington Group Limited | Methods of switching and apparatus comprising an electrically actuated variable transmission material |
| US20120231178A1 (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2012-09-13 | Condalign As | Anisotropic conducting body and method of manufacture |
| US10561048B2 (en) * | 2009-06-22 | 2020-02-11 | Condalign As | Anisotropic conducting body and method of manufacture |
| US20140361666A1 (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2014-12-11 | Fujitsu Limited | Crystal resonator, and production method therefor |
| US9853627B2 (en) * | 2012-03-02 | 2017-12-26 | Fujitsu Limited | Crystal resonator, and production method therefor |
| US20130257639A1 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2013-10-03 | Toshihide Takahashi | Radiowave absorber |
| US9225072B2 (en) * | 2012-03-30 | 2015-12-29 | Kabushiki Kaisha Toshiba | Radiowave absorber |
| DE102017214093B3 (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2018-11-29 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Flat light modulation device with switchable multistable transmittances and / or multi-stable scattering properties with respect to visible light and vehicle with a flat light modulation device |
| US10488729B2 (en) | 2017-08-11 | 2019-11-26 | Continental Automotive Gmbh | Planar light modulation apparatus having switchable multistable transmittances and/or multistable scattering properties with regard to visible light |
Similar Documents
| Publication | Publication Date | Title |
|---|---|---|
| US3773684A (en) | Dipolar electro-optic compositions and method of preparation | |
| US2443542A (en) | Light-sensitive electric device including silicon | |
| US2765385A (en) | Sintered photoconducting layers | |
| DE3238702C2 (en) | ||
| EP0010739A1 (en) | Light diffuser | |
| DE60221433T2 (en) | ELECTROPROCESSING COMPOSITION, ELECTROPROOF COATING AND METHOD FOR FORMING AN ELECTROPROCESS COATING | |
| JPS6050813A (en) | Conductive material for transmitting light | |
| DE1522750A1 (en) | Photoelectrophoretic imaging process | |
| DE1589429A1 (en) | Electro-optical devices | |
| DE1052452B (en) | Electronic circuitry | |
| DE69937716T2 (en) | Light blocking anisotropic electroconductive adhesive film and liquid crystal display device | |
| Mikheev et al. | Helicity-dependent photocurrent in the resistive Ag/Pd films excited by IR laser radiation | |
| US4213676A (en) | Liquid crystal display for reflection operation with a guest-host liquid crystal layer and method of making | |
| US3238150A (en) | Photoconductive cadmium sulfide powder and method for the preparation thereof | |
| US2791521A (en) | Electric resistance device provided with zinc oxide electroconductive coating | |
| DE1522713C3 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material | |
| DE2707129A1 (en) | PHOTO AMPLIFIER | |
| DE2160792C3 (en) | Gas discharge indicator and memory field | |
| US2221944A (en) | Transparent electrostatic shield | |
| US3708288A (en) | Image transfer process | |
| US3832308A (en) | Electrically conductive composition element and method of making the same | |
| DE7434872U (en) | REFLECTOR FOR LIQUID CRYSTAL INDICATORS | |
| DE2200061A1 (en) | Process for the production of a photoconductive powder | |
| Eckhause et al. | A Measurement of the Lifetime of the 14.4 keV Level of 57Fe | |
| DE2423807A1 (en) | NEMATIC LIQUID CRYSTAL COMPOSITION |