US3814101A - Disposable absorbent articles - Google Patents
Disposable absorbent articles Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3814101A US3814101A US00312131A US31213172A US3814101A US 3814101 A US3814101 A US 3814101A US 00312131 A US00312131 A US 00312131A US 31213172 A US31213172 A US 31213172A US 3814101 A US3814101 A US 3814101A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- topsheet
- dimples
- absorbent pad
- absorbent
- slits
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61L—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR STERILISING MATERIALS OR OBJECTS IN GENERAL; DISINFECTION, STERILISATION OR DEODORISATION OF AIR; CHEMICAL ASPECTS OF BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES; MATERIALS FOR BANDAGES, DRESSINGS, ABSORBENT PADS OR SURGICAL ARTICLES
- A61L15/00—Chemical aspects of, or use of materials for, bandages, dressings or absorbent pads
- A61L15/16—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons
- A61L15/22—Bandages, dressings or absorbent pads for physiological fluids such as urine or blood, e.g. sanitary towels, tampons containing macromolecular materials
- A61L15/24—Macromolecular compounds obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds; Derivatives thereof
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
- A61F13/51121—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by the material
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
- A61F13/512—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its apertures, e.g. perforations
- A61F13/5126—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its apertures, e.g. perforations characterised by the planar distribution of the apertures, e.g. in a predefined pattern
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
- A61F13/513—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability
- A61F13/51305—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability having areas of different permeability
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
-
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
- A61F13/53704—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having an inhibiting function on liquid propagation
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/15203—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency
- A61F2013/15284—Properties of the article, e.g. stiffness or absorbency characterized by quantifiable properties
- A61F2013/15365—Dimensions
- A61F2013/15373—Calliper, i.e. thickness
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F2013/51078—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers being embossed
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61F—FILTERS IMPLANTABLE INTO BLOOD VESSELS; PROSTHESES; DEVICES PROVIDING PATENCY TO, OR PREVENTING COLLAPSING OF, TUBULAR STRUCTURES OF THE BODY, e.g. STENTS; ORTHOPAEDIC, NURSING OR CONTRACEPTIVE DEVICES; FOMENTATION; TREATMENT OR PROTECTION OF EYES OR EARS; BANDAGES, DRESSINGS OR ABSORBENT PADS; FIRST-AID KITS
- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
- A61F13/512—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its apertures, e.g. perforations
- A61F2013/5127—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its apertures, e.g. perforations characterized by the dimension of apertures
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F13/511—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin
- A61F13/513—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability
- A61F2013/51355—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability for improving fluid flow
- A61F2013/51372—Topsheet, i.e. the permeable cover or layer facing the skin characterised by its function or properties, e.g. stretchability, breathability, rewet, visual effect; having areas of different permeability for improving fluid flow with valve or valve-like upper layer; Tapered capillary structures
-
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/51—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the outer layers
- A61F13/514—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin
- A61F13/51401—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material
- A61F2013/51409—Backsheet, i.e. the impermeable cover or layer furthest from the skin characterised by the material being a film
-
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F2013/53445—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad from several sheets
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
- A61F13/53708—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction
- A61F2013/53721—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer the layer having a promotional function on liquid propagation in at least one direction with capillary means
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/534—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad
- A61F13/537—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer
- A61F2013/53765—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterized by its geometry
- A61F2013/53782—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium having an inhomogeneous composition through the thickness of the pad characterised by a layer facilitating or inhibiting flow in one direction or plane, e.g. a wicking layer characterized by its geometry with holes
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- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
- A61F2013/53908—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers with adhesive
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- A61F13/00—Bandages or dressings; Absorbent pads
- A61F13/15—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators
- A61F13/53—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium
- A61F13/539—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers
- A61F2013/5395—Absorbent pads, e.g. sanitary towels, swabs or tampons for external or internal application to the body; Supporting or fastening means therefor; Tampon applicators characterised by the absorbing medium characterised by the connection of the absorbent layers with each other or with the outer layers with thermoplastic agent, i.e. softened by heat
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24273—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including aperture
- Y10T428/24298—Noncircular aperture [e.g., slit, diamond, rectangular, etc.]
- Y10T428/24314—Slit or elongated
Definitions
- topsheet of non-fibrous hydrophobic film having a plurality of valvular openings therein and a s tem of depressed areas disposed across the surface of the topsheet.
- the openings readily permit flow of liquid in the direction of the absorbent but substantially reduce the possibility of flow in the opposite direction.
- This invention relates to disposable articles and more particularly relates to disposable absorbent articles such as diapers, incontinency pads and the like.
- disposable absorbent articles of the kind mentioned above has greatly increased in recent years due to their ease of use, low cost and the obvious sanitary value of having a clean, fresh,'disposable absorbent article for use without the inconvenience of having to wash and reuse a previously used nondisposable article.
- the advantages of using disposable absorbent articles are particularly apparent in the widespread acceptance of disposable diapers as a replacement for the cloth diapers which have traditionally been used.
- disposable absorbent articles include, as an integral part of their structure, a liquid impermeable backing sheet which offers other advantages in use.
- a liquid impermeable backing sheet which offers other advantages in use.
- disposable diapers which include such a backing sheet obviate the necessity of using rubber pants on the baby to prevent leakage through the diaper and consequently wetting of the babys clothing.
- a disposable diaper In its most fundamental construction a disposable diaper merely comprises a layer of disposable absorbent material lining a backing sheet of liquid impermeable material which may be disposable or reusable.
- the thickness of the layer of absorbent material can be varied depending upon the desired use. For example, if the diaper were to be used overnight for an older baby it would be required to have a greater absorptive capacity than one used for a short time during the day or for an infant and consequently the absorbent layer would be thicker.
- the length and width of the diaper can also be varied for different size babies. Generally, the absorbent pad will be about one-eighth to one-half inch thick and the diaper will have a length of about 12 to l8 inches and a width of about 8 to 16 inches.
- the topsheet be made hydrophobic or water-shedding to maintain the layer which is in contact with the baby's skin as dry as possible. This has been accomplished by forming the topsheet of the diaper in part or completely of hydrophobic fibers or by coating or impregnating an otherwise hydrophilic topsheet with a hydrophobic resin.
- the topsheet of the diaper whether it be a woven or nonwoven material, will contain spaces between its fibers which are continually open to the passage of liquid in both directions. The spaces are necessary to allow urine to pass from the baby to the absorbent layer of the diaper.
- the absorbent layer acts much like a sponge which has been fully saturated or compressed and exudes mine to its surface where it can pass through the openings in the topsheet and contact the skin of the baby.
- the disposable absorbent articles of this invention are comprised of, in combination, at least one absorbent pad and a topsheet adjacent to said pad and having a plurality of valvular openings therein.
- the topsheet is preferably formed from a non-fibrous hydrophobic film such as thermoplastic film having a plurality of valvular apertures therein.
- FIG. I is a plan view, partially cut away, of a disposable diaper according to one embodiment of the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a plan view, partially cut away of a disposable diaper according to another and preferred em bodiment of the invention
- FIG. 3 is a section taken along the line 3-3 of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary cross-section of FIG. 3 showing a section of the absorbent article during unsaturation.
- FIG. 5 is a view similar to FIG. 4 except that the absorbent article is saturated with liquid.
- FIG. 6 is a plan view, partially cut away of a disposable diaper according to a further, but less preferred embodiment of the present invention.
- a disposable diaper comprising a rectangular absorbent pad 12 substantially centrally located and sandwiched between a thin, flexible backing sheet I4 of liquid impermeable material, such as polyethylene film, and a thin flexible topsheet 16 also of a normally liquid impermeable material.
- Topsheet 16 has a plurality of slits 18 therein which slits will be described in greater detail hereinafter.
- Backing sheet 14 and topsheet 16 are of approximately equal size and are of a length and width slightly greater than the corresponding dimensions of absorbent pad l2.
- the edges of backing sheet l4 and topsheet 16 are sealed to each other around the entire periphery of the diaper and just outside the outermost edges of absorbent pad 12.
- the sealing can be accomplished by any convenient means, such as the use of an adhesive, but heat sealing is preferred and is indicated by heat seal 20 around the periphery of the diaper.
- the absorbent pad 12 is a plurality of layers of absorbent tissue paper or wadding stacked to the desired thickness.
- the wadding layers need not be adhered to each other but, since it has been common practice to adhesively, mechanically, or otherwise secure the layers to each other to maintain the relative position of the layers and the shape of the absorbent pad, such can also be done in the diaper of the present invention.
- the wadding can be stacked to form a pad of any desired thickness and hence absorbency can be controlled for any particular use. For example, in conventional disposable diaper constructions designed for use during the day it has been common to stack the absorbent wadding to a thickness of about one-eighth inch using generally from about 5 to ID layers of wadding. For special uses, for example, as an overnight diaper, it may be desired to have a thicker and more absorbent pad- ,and a thickness of about one-fourth inch, using about to layers of wadding, would usually be sufficient.
- absorbent non-woven pads can be fabricated to any desired thickness and substituted for the absorbent pads described above.
- One such absorbent pad which has been used extensively in disposable diapers is a wood pulp product commonly known as wood fluff and is prepared in the same manner as a non-woven fabric.
- the material be absorbent, be capable of being fabricated in the form of a pad, be compatible with the waste products with which it will come in contact and be non-irritating to the skin.
- Various natural and synthetic polymeric materials are themselves absorbent or can be made absorbent and will therefore be useful as, or in combination with. the absorbent pad of the present invention.
- One group of polymers which are particularly preferred are insoluble hydrophilic homopolymers and copolymers which form a gel upon absorption of water. These materials offer the obvious advantage of holding tenaciously to liquid and preventing the release of liquid from the absorbent article and leaking or wetting skin or clothing with which the absorbent article is in contact.
- the materials which have been found particularly useful are insoluble hydrophilic polymers prepared from the following starting materials: poly(alkylene oxides), e.g. poly(ethylene oxide), polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylmethyl ether, copolymers of maleic anhydride and ethylene, copolymers of maleic anhydride and vinylmethyl ether, polyelectrolytes, etc.
- poly(alkylene oxides) e.g. poly(ethylene oxide)
- polyvinyl alcohol polyvinylmethyl ether
- copolymers of maleic anhydride and ethylene copolymers of maleic anhydride and vinylmethyl ether
- polyelectrolytes etc.
- Insoluble hydrophilic polymers sometimes referred to as hydrogels," are especially useful in the present invention because they possess the ability to consume very large amounts of water in the order of 25 to times their dry weight.
- insoluble or insolubilization as employed in relation to these polymers is intended to define the formation of a gel which does not flow and does not expel water under the pressures encountered in the use of products described above.
- the insolubilization can be effected by a wide variety of methods and includes, but is not limited to, ionizing and nonionizing radiation and chemical cross-linking through covalent and ionic bonding.
- a particular preferred hydrogel for use in the articles of this invention is comprised of at least one hydrophilic polymer of the formula which has been cross-linked andwherein R, and R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, alkyl radicals and alkyl substituted aryl radicals, and whereby R R, are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, phenyl and vinyl radicals, and n is greater than one.
- hydrogels are polymeric compounds containing at least one of the structural units shown below:
- R -R are selected from the group consisting of hydrogen, methyl, phenyl and vinyl radicals.
- hydrophilic polymers may include carbon-tocarbon cross-linking between straight chain carbon atoms and the carbon atoms of branch chain methyl groups and in addition a very minor and insignificant number of bonds may include two oxygen atoms link ing the carbon atoms.
- the polymeric gel compounds may contain crosslinking bonds present as inter-molecular bonds (e.g. between two different molecules) and intramolecular bonds (e.g. between carbon atoms of the same molecule), and combinations of intra and intermolecular cross-linking bonds.
- the hydrogels can be used in the diaper constructions of the present invention either in the form of thin transparent sheets disposed between or in place of wadding layers of the absorbent pad or can be embedded in the fibers of the absorbent pad as a powder or in shredded form.
- the manner in which the materials are incorporated into the pad is not critical since it is merely necessary to have the polymers come in contact with the liquid which penetrates the topsheet of the absorbent article.
- the materials used in the fabrication of the topsheet and backing sheet of the absorbent articles of the present invention are also not limited to any particular chemical composition since it is their physical properties rather than their chemical properties which are important in the articles of the invention. These materials should, of course, be thin, flexible, self-supporting, and substantially water impermeable films. Preferably they are thermoplastic materials which are capable of being heat sealed to each other.
- the backing sheet is preferably an olefinic or vinyl film.
- Polyethylene of a thickness of from about 0.4 to about 1.5 mils is most preferred. This type of film has previously been used extensively for this purpose and commonly has had an embossed design in its surface to simulate the appearance and hand of cloth. These manufacturing techniques will also find use in the absorbent articles of the present invention.
- any film which is useful as a backing sheet will also be useful as a topsheet for the disposable absorbent articles of the invention. It is preferable, however, to use a film for the topsheet which resembles cloth more closely in feel and appearance since it is this portion of the article which will come in contact with the skin of the user.
- One film which has been found particularly useful is ethylene-ethyl acrylate film. This copolymer is cloth-like, softer and stronger after slitting than polyethylene film.
- the film should have a thickness of from about 0.4 to about 2.0 mils with about [.0 to 1.5 mils being preferred.
- the topsheet is made from a substantially liquid impermeable film and must be provided with valvular openings to be effective in the absorbent articles of the present invention.
- valvular as used throughout the specification and in the claims is intended to refer to aper tures in the topsheet which are capable of opening to permit passage of liquid under certain circumstances and reclosing to retard passage of liquid under certain other circumstances.
- the valvular openings When open, should have the ability to pass at least 20 milliliters of liquid within l seconds when an area of about 20 square inches is wetted. These openings may be of two basic types, substantially straight slits and punctures.
- the slits useful in the present invention must be substantially straight since, if they are curved, V-shaped or of any other configuration, they will form flaps in the surface of the film which are too easily opened and tend to remain open. Such slits, while permitting sufficient passage of liquid in the direction of the absorbent ,pad, do not act to substantially reduce backflow of liquid, which is the primary object of the present invention. This advantage is also present if holes are formed in the film by removing pieces of film material as opposed to puncturing the film without removal of film material. The film is thereby left open to the uncontrolled passage of liquid in both directions.
- the topsheet In surgical dressings, for example, the topsheet must be permeable to liquid draining from a wound usually slowly over a long period of time. Backflow from the dressing is not a problem since the absorbent layer has ample time to distribute the liquid by wicking and no pool of liquid is formed at the interface between the absorbent layer and the topsheet.
- curved slits permit adequate drainage of liquid in the direction of the absorbent layer but do not prevent backflow to a degree sufficient to allow their use in an improved construction.
- the appended drawing shows a preferred topsheet construction wherein the topsheet 16 contains a plurality of straight slits 18 arranged in staggered parallel rows along the surface of the topsheet. This construction is preferred since it yields a topsheet which is strong and yet permits maximum passage of liquid.
- the topsheet should contain from about 10 to 1,000 valvular openings per square inch of film.
- slits When slits are used, they should each be from about 0.030 to about 0.5 inch in length. Preferably there are from about 30 to about slits per square inch, each of such slits being from about 0.07 to about 0.2 inch in length.
- the most preferred film contains about 50 slits per square inch, each about 0.l inch in length.
- the slits enable the topsheet of the absorbent article to act as a kind of one-way valve to the flow of liquid.
- a disposable diaper the motion of the baby within the diaper, such as by walking or sitting, will cause the slits to open and close continually.
- the urine will contact the topsheet of the diaper and any motion on the part of the baby will cause numerous slits to open and allow the urine to drain through to the absorbent pad below.
- Even without motion on the part of the baby a number of slits will be open to the passage of liquid due to the contour of the diaper around the babys bottom. Only minimum contact of liquid with absorbent is necessary.
- the valvular openings can be formed in the topsheet in a number of ways. The easiest involves the use of a roller having a number of razor edges protruding therefrom across the width of the roller and around its circumference. The cutting edges can be spaced as desired on the roller and, if the portion protruding from the roller is triangular in shape, the length of the slit made in the film can be controlled by limiting the depth to which the blade pierces the film.
- a resilient backup roller can be provided to assist the piercing of the film which is fed between the slitting roller and the backup roller. If desired, portions of the topsheet may be retained in their unpierced condition. This might be accomplished, for example, along a strip about one inch around the periphery of the topsheet. Such a strip would act as an additional safeguard against leakage at the edges of the diaper which might come into direct contact with the baby's clothing.
- the assembly of the diaper follows, more or less, conventional methods of fabrication.
- the topsheet and backing sheet are cut to approximately the same dimensions which are equal to the desired size of the final diaper.
- the size can be varied according to the desired use, for example, in an infant's diaper a size of 10 X 14 inches might be sufficient whereas in a diaper for a large child a size of 12 X 16 inches would be better and a size of 14 X 18 inches might be preferred for a diaper which could accommodate a toddler.
- the topsheet and backing sheet are juxtaposed one on the other with the absorbent pad sandwiched therebetween in approximately the center of the sheets.
- the absorbent pad should be of a length and width slightly smaller than the topsheet and backing sheet to permit sealing of the topsheet to the backing sheet around their periphery. An overhang of about one-half inch on each side should be sufficient. Sealing can conveniently be accomplished by heat sealing the edges. The heat sealing might also be used to simultaneously accom plish a cutting of the edges to trim excess sheet material from the diaper and yield a diaper structure which is neat in its appearance.
- the absorbent pad may be of the same length as the topsheet and backing sheet and the top and bottom edges of the diaper may be left unsealed.
- Such a construction readily lends itself to mass production techniques since the diapers can be fabricated in a continuous line and cut to the desired length without the necessity of further finishing.
- the diaper can be assembled in the manner described above before the topsheet is slit and a rotary slitter can be used to cut the valvular openings in the topsheet of the finished diaper without damage to the backing sheet or loss of its liquid impermeability.
- EXAMPLE 1 An absorbent pad consisting of eight layers of absorbent wadding and measuring approximately 12 inches X 16 inches X3/l6 inch was positioned in the center of a sheet of polyethylene film measuring about 12% inches X 16% inches X 1.25 mil having a taffeta design embossed therein.
- a 1.25 mil thick sheet of ethylene-ethyl acrylate film was perforated by feeding it through the nip of a roller having a plurality of small blades spaced around'its circumference in staggered parallel rows and a resilient backup roller.
- the perforating roller had a blade density of about blades per square inch and the resulting perforated film had about 125 parallel slits per square inch each measuring about 0.1 inch in length.
- the perforated film was cut to approximately 12% inches X1614 inches and placed on top of the absorbent wadding pad thereby sandwiching the pad between the perforated film and the polyethylene film. The edges of the two films were then heat sealed to each other with a bar sealer to complete the assembly procedure and the resulting disposable diaper functioned satisfactorily.
- a QiS SabIe dia r was fabricated from a backing sheet of trans ucent polyethylene film measuring about 12/4 inches X 16']. inches X 1.25 mil and a top sheet of translucent ethylene-ethyl acrylate film measuring about 12']. inches X 16']. inches X 1.25 mil.
- the absorbent pad was eight layers of absorbent wadding and measured about 12 inches X 16 inches X 3/16 inch. The three layers of the diaper were assembled and heat sealed in the manner set forth in Example 1 and the completed diaper was run. topsheet side up under a rotary slitter.
- the blades of the slitter were set to pierce the topsheet and protrude partially into the absorbent pad but not to penetrate through the absorbent pad to contact the backing sheet.
- the slits formed were of the size and placement of those of Example I and the diaper performed as well as the diaper of Example 1.
- EXAMPLE 3 A diaper was fabricated in the manner described in Example 2 except that the absorbent pad used was formed with about 2 grams of cross-linked powdered poly(ethylene oxide) sprinkled on 4 layers of wedding and covered with another 2 layers of wedding. The entire assembly was then used in the fabrication of the diaper.
- the resulting diaper was thinner than the diaper of Example 2 yet had a greater absorptive capacity.
- EXPERIMENT l A 5% inch diameter circle of test filrn supported on a screen and covered by a 5% inch diameter circle of absorbent was clamped between a 5% inch diameter glass cylinder and a 5 inch diameter funnel leading to a graduate. A No. 13 rubber stopper was placed on top of the test film and 200 milliliters of water was quickly added to the glass cylinder. Times were recorded when the first drop of water was collected and when 100 milliliters had been collected.
- Test films having about 45-48 slits per square inch and an average slit length of 0.10 inch were tested. When straight slits were tested. the first drop of water was collected in 2 seconds and 100 milliliters was collected in 14 seconds. When curved slits were tested the first drop was collected in I second and 100 milliliters was collected in 3 seconds.
- EXPERIMENT 2 The same glassware as in Experiment 1 was employed but the test procedure was modified to determine the backflow obtained with samples of test film identical to those of Experiment 1.
- the film was placed across the top opening of the funnel such that it did not sag nor stretch open.
- a circle of wadding was placed over the film and the glass cylinder was clamped in place.
- One hundred milliliters of water was added to the cylinder and the times were recorded for collection of the first drop and milliliters of water in the graduate.
- EXPERIMENT 3 Backflow was also measured for films having curved and straight slits of the same size and quantity as the films of Experiments 1 and 2 by wetting a 5 inch diameter absorbent pad with 30 milliliters of watercovering the pad with the test film and covering the filmwith another dry absorbent pad of known weight and a 12 pound weight. After 2 seconds the dry pad was weighed to detennine water pick-up.
- the absorbent article described in connection with FIG. I solved many of the problems incident to prior art absorbent articles. particularly those problems associated with diapers. incontinency pads and the like.
- a. permit (where a hydrophobic topsheet is employed) the necessary passage of urine through the openings of the hydrophobic sheet to the absorbent layer during a period of time such that the residence time. i.e.. the time between urination and absorption. is below that which would cause discomfort, skin rashes. external leakage and the like.
- d. have an aesthetic appearance, i.e., pleasing to the eye and touch.
- dimensional or relative stability as it is employed in item (c) is intended to define the fixed relationship of the various constituents of the absorbent article.
- a baby diaper contains a topsheet and a backing sheet which sandwiches an absorbent material. it is advantageous that the absorbent material be fixed with respect to the topsheet or backing sheet so as to prevent migration" of the absorbent material. An unfixed relationship would ultimately result in launching-up" or wadding ol' the absorbent particularly when a baby is sitting and moving in a wet diaper.
- the term be used in connection with the wet integrity of the diaper. i.e.. the ability of the constituents of the diaper to maintain their strength and resist shredding when wet.
- the absorbent article depicted in FIG. 1 is an improvement over the conventional absorbent articles, with respect to one or more of the above qualities, nevertheless, as mentioned previously, certain draw-backs are encountered.
- item (a) although the valvular openings in the topsheet have the ability to pass at least 20 milliliters of liquid within seconds when an area of square inches is wetted, the initial wicking time, i.e., the commencement of absorption of the liquid into the absorbent material is still not of optimum standards. Stated another way. the residence time of the liquid (urine in the case of diapers) prior to initiation of wicking is of a duration such that discomfort could result.
- the absorbent article depicted in FIG. I does not have the dimensional or relative stability which would be characterized as significantly superior to conventional articles. This is probably atrributable to the fact that the absorbent material is sandwiched between the topsheet and the backing sheet in non-adhering relation thereto, and consequently, there is a tendency for the absorbent material to migrate" or shift with respect to its relation to the edges of the top and backing sheets.
- the vertically aligned valvular openings although providing the proper valvular action as heretofore described, nevertheless are subject to zippering, i.e., the tendency to tear from one vertically disposed slit to the other corresponding upper or lower disposed vertical slit.
- topsheet was adhered to the absorbent layer at various points along the lower surface of the topsheet.
- the adhesion was accomplished by contacting the absorbent article with a roller containing a system of probes, and with the aid of heat and pressure, I was able to depress and soften the topsheet (which is thermoplastic) at the points of contact with the probes below the probes intermingled with the softened depressed thermoplastic topsheet.
- the topsheet which is thermoplastic
- the intermingled fibers became permanently embedded in the topsheet thereby reducing migration of the absorbent material.
- the diaper according to the patent disclosure consists of a core of moisture-absorbing material, which is completely enclosed by a liquid-insulating, thin plastic foil, and its main feature is that the plastic foil on one of the core sides inside its confining edges is heat-treated in such a way that the liquid insulating property of the foil is completely or partially neutralized, so that liquid reaching the heat-treated foil surface is automatically sucked in through the foil and absorbed by the core.
- the method is further characterized in that the foil layer is heated by means of a number of heated metal bodies placed at a short distance from each other, so that the foil layer forms a net-like pattern of liquid-insulating foil.
- liquid transfer is provided through the throughgoing pores formed by heating the foil layer in the manner described in the patent.
- the improved disposable diaper 10 includes the rectangular absorbent pad [2, the flexible backing sheet 14 of liquid impermeable material and the flexible topsheet l6 also of a normally liquid impermeable material.
- the techniques of fabrication, the properties, and the choice of the materials and characteristics of the improved diaper depicted in FIG. 2 are identical to the diaper depicted in FIG. I except for differences specifically provided for hereinafter.
- Situated across the surface of topsheet 16 is a system of valvular openings (slits), identified by reference numeral [80 and a system of depressed areas 22 (dimples).
- the slits l8a are arranged in longitudinal rows in a manner such that each row constitutes a longitudinal array of substantially parallel straight slits each angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of the row. Adjacent rows are similarly disposed except that the slits are arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially between the end points of corresponding slits in the adjacent alternate rows.
- the slits useful in the present invention must be substantially straight since, if they are curved, V-shaped or of any other configuration, they will form flaps in the surface of the film which are too easily opened and tend to remain opened.
- the slits should each be from about 0.030 to about 0.25 inch in length. Preferably there are from about 30 to about I50 slits per square inch, each of such slits being from about 0.07 to about 0.2 inch in length.
- the most preferred film contains about 8
- the slits can be formed according to the methods employed in connection with the absorbent diaper depicted in FIG. 1.
- the preferred method for forming the slits in the topsheet according to the pres ent invention is described in the co-pending application, Ser. No. l90,908 filed Oct. 20, I97] and entitled Method and Apparatus for Piercing Thin Sheet Matcrial.
- Ser. No. l90,908 filed Oct. 20, I97] and entitled Method and Apparatus for Piercing Thin Sheet Matcrial.
- a method and apparatus for piercing thin sheet material such as plastic film, wherein the sheet material is passed between a piercing member having a plurality of independently resilient protrusions extending therefrom and a backing member having a retiform exterior surface.
- the piercing member or backup member is moved relative to the other member, thereby causing the resilient protrusions to follow the retiform surface and selectively pierce the film.
- the piercing member can be a metal comb, a wire brush or a metal strip having a plurality of substantially parallel slits extending from the edge thereof in the direction of the opposite edge defining the resilient protrusions.
- the backing member can be a wire screen, a perforated metal sheet, an engraved metal roll or an endless belt which is driven longitudinally with respect to the piercing member.
- the depressed areas 22 are distributed across the surface of the topsheet in the manner shown in FlGS. 2-5.
- the topsheet 16 contains a plurality of dimples arranged in staggered parallel rows along the surface ofthe topsheet (FIG. 2) and which extend below the plane of the topsheet (FIGS. 3 and 4).
- the configuration of these dimples can be circular, eliptical, rectangular, diamond shaped, and the like, the important criteria being that they be formed in a manner such that there is substantially no breaking or cutting of the topsheet during or after fabrication.
- the dimples can be formed in the topsheet in a-variety of ways. The easiest and therefore the most preferred method involves the use of a roller equipped with heating means and having a number of spikes or probes extending therefrom across the width of the roller and around its circumference.
- the spikes, pins, or probes which have smooth, rounded end points, can be spaced as desired on the roller in order to provide the desired number of dimples to the absorbent article.
- the dimples are provided on the absorbent article preferably after the valvular openings, but prior to complete fabrication of the absorbent article, and this operation can be effected by passing the absorbent article containing the valvular openings in contact with the heated roller.
- the absorbent pad is supported on a resilient back-up member, such as an endless conveyor belt, or a resilient back-up roller.
- the depth of the dimple can be controlled by limiting the depth to which the probes depress the film.
- portions of the topsheet may be retained in their untreated (without the dimples) condition. This can be accomplished, for example, along a strip about one inch wide near the periphery of the topsheet. Since the topsheet is thermoplastic, the amount of heat and pressure applied to the areas to be treated should be strictly controlled in order to avoid substantially puncturing the topsheet. As a general rule, the amount of heat required should be enough to soften the film, and the amount of pressure should be sufficient to plastically distort the film to the general contour of the probe.
- the dimples 22 extend below the plane of the topsheet l6 a short distance, and that the absorbent material l2a, immediately below the dimples, is in a compressed state.
- the slit is opened to a much greater degree than corresponding slits situated remote from the dimples 22.
- the slits disposed between corresponding dimples are opened to a greater extent than would be the case if no dimples were present.
- the dimples can be arranged on the absorbent article in a variety of patterns.
- the overall design effect can be diamond shaped, curvilinear, herringbone and the like.
- the preferred design configuration is a system of substantially straight staggered, parallel rows along the surface of the topsheet.
- the number of dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area can be varied over a relatively wide range. Improvements have been noted utilizing as little as one dimple (having a diameter of 0.05 inch) per square inch of absorbent pad. 1 have further observed that good results are obtained when as many as I dimples (0.05 inch diameter) per square inch of absorbent pad area are utilized. it will of course be understood that the number of dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area depends on the dimple size.
- the total area occupied by dimples should not exceed more than 20 per cent of the area of the absorbent material. Excellent results are achieved when the total dimple area is from 4 to 12 per cent of the area of the absorbent material. Preferably there are from about 3 to about 25 dimples (0.10 inch diameter) per square inch of absorbent material area. and most preferably from about 6 to about 15 per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- dimple size can be in the range of about 0.025 to about 0.250 inch diameter. From the standpoint of functional and aesthetic qualities, it is preferred that the dimple size range from about 0.075 to about 0.150 inch diameter.
- the dimples are associated with the absorbent pad depicted in FIG. I, as shown in FIG. 6.
- the slits 18 are substantially straight and arranged in staggered parallel rows, and are shown as being associated with dimples 22.
- improved wicking, dimensional stability and absorbency is obtained over conventional prior art material
- EXAMPLE 4 An absorbent pad consisting of eight layers of absorbent wadding and measuring approximately 12 inches X l6 inches X 3/16 inch was positioned in the center of a sheet of polyethylene film measuring about I25 4 inches X 16% inches X l.25 mil having a taffeta design embossed therein.
- a l.25 mil thick sheet of ethylene-ethyl acrylate film was perforated by feeding it through the nip of a roller having a plurality of small blades spaced around its circumference in staggered parallel rows and a resilient backup roller.
- the perforating roller has a blade density of about blades per square inch and the resulting perforated film had about I25 parallel slits per square inch each measuring about 0.1 inch in length.
- the perforated film was cut to approximately 12% inches X 16% inches and placed on top of the absorbent wadding pad thereby sandwiching the pad between the perforated film and the polyethylene film. The edges of the sandwiched material were then heat sealed.
- the topsheet was thereafter carefully removed and superimposed on an identical absorbent material and the edges were sealed.
- the absorbent article was then passed in contact with a roller equipped with heating means and having about 10 pins per square inch extending across the width of the roller and around its circumference.
- the diameter of the pin was seven sixty fourths inch and the endpoint of the pin had a spherical configuration of about 0.0547 inch radius.
- the absorbent article was supported by a resilient back-up roller.
- the pins were heated to a temperature of about 300F. by a circulating hot oil system wherein the temperature of the oil was maintained at 350F.
- the resultant absorbent product had about 10 dimples per square inch disposed along the topsheet of the absorbent article.
- the absorbent article was then tested for initial wicking and absorbency according to the procedure explained previously. The following results were obtained: The liquid was fully absorbed through the topsheet and into the absorbent material in 14 seconds.
- EXAMPLE 5 This example demonstrates that without valvular openings little or no liquid passes through the dimples in the topsheet.
- An absorbent article substantially identical to the one described in Example 4 was fabricated except that the slitting procedure was omitted.
- the absorbent article was identical to the article of Example 4 except that the topsheet did not contain the valvular openings (slits).
- the absorbent article was tested for water absorption according to the procedure of Example 4. After a period of 3 minutes, no discernible absorption of the liquid had been observed'in the absorbent material. The liquid remained as a pool ori the surface of the topsheet. Thus, substantially no liquid passed through the dimples of the topsheet.
- EXAMPLE 6 An absorbent pad consisting of eight layers of absorbent wadding and measuring approximately 12 inches X 16 inches X 3/16 inch was positioned in the center of a sheet of polyethylene film measuring about 12% inches X 16% inches X 1.25 mil having a taffeta design embossed therein.
- a 1.25 mil thick sheet of ethylene-ethyl acrylate film was perforated by feeding it in contact with a reciprocating bar having a plurality of small blades spaced to an inch across the surface of the reciprocating bar.
- the resulting perforated film had about 72 parallel slits per square inch each measuring about 0.08 inch in length.
- the perforated film was cut to approximately 12% inches X 16 /4 inches and placed on top of the absorbent wadding pad thereby sandwiching the pad between the perforated film and the polyethylene film. The edges of the sandwiched material were then heat sealed.
- the assembly was then placed under the 4 inch diameter cylinder and tested for absorption characteristics 30 ccs of liquid (simulated urine). The liquid was fully absorbed through the topsheet and into the absorbent pad in 57 seconds.
- the topsheet was thereafter carefully removed and superimposed on an identical absorbent material and the edges were sealed.
- the absorbent article was then passed in contact with a roller equipped with heating means and having about 10 pins per square inch extending across the width of the roller and around its circumference.
- the diameter of the pin was seven sixty-fourths inch and the endpoint of the pin had a spherical configuration of about 0.0547 inch radius.
- the absorbent article was supported by a resilient back-up roller.
- the pins were heated to a temperature of about 300 F. by a circulating hot oil system wherein the temperature of the oil was maintained at 350F.
- the resultant absorbent product had about 10 dimples per square inch disposed along the topsheet of the absorbent article.
- the absorbent article was then tested for absorbency according to the procedure explained previously and the liquid was fully absorbed through the topsheet and into the absorbent material in 4 seconds.
- EXAMPLE 7 An absorbent pad consisting of eight layers of absorbent wadding and measuring approximately 12 inches X 16 inches X 3/16 inch was positioned in the center of a sheet of polyethylene film measuring about 12% inches X 16% inches X 1.25 mil having a taffeta design embossed therein.
- a 1.25 mil thick sheet of ethylene-ethyl acrylate film was perforated by feeding it in contact with a reciprocating bar having a plurality of small blades spaced 8 to an inch across the surface of the reciprocating bar.
- the resulting perforated film had about parallel slits per square inch each measuring about 0.1 inch in length.
- the perforated film was cut to approximately 12% inches X 16% inches and placed on top of the absorbent wadding pad thereby sandwiching the pad between the perforated film and the polyethylene film. The edges of the sandwiched material were then heat sealed.
- the assembly was then placed under the 4 inch diameter cylinder and tested for wicking characteristics.
- the liquid was fully absorbed through the topsheet and into the absorbent material in 36 seconds.
- the topsheet was thereafter carefully removed and superimposed on an identical absorbent material and the edges were sealed.
- the absorbent article was then passed in contact with a roller equipped with heating means and having about 10 pins per square inch extending across the width of the roller and around its circumference.
- the diameter of the pin was seven sixty-fourths inch, and the endpoint of the pin had a spherical configuration of about 0.0547 inch radius.
- the absorbent article was supported by a resilient back-up roller.
- the pins were heated to a temperature of about 300F. by a circulating hot oil system wherein the temperature of the oil was maintained at 350F.
- the resultant absorbent product had about 10 dimples per square inch disposed along the topsheet of the absorbent article.
- the absor bent article was then tested for absorbency according to the procedure explained previously and the liquid (simulated urine) was fully absorbed through the topsheet and into the absorbent material in 3 seconds.
- EXAMPLE 8 An absorbent pad consisting of eight layers of absorbent wadding and measuring approximately 12 inches X 16 inches X 3/16 inch was positioned in the center of a sheet of polyethylene film measuring about 12% inches X 16% inches X 1.25 mil having a taffeta design embossed therein.
- a 1.25 mil thick sheet of ethylene-ethyl acrylate film was perforated by feeding it in contact with a reciprocating bar having a plurality of small blades spaced 9 to an inch across the surface of the reciprocating bar.
- the resulting perforated film had about 78 parallel slits per square inch each measuring about 0.07 inch in length.
- the perforated film was cut to approximately 12% inches X 16% inches and placed on top of the absorbent wadding pad thereby sandwiching the pad between the perforated film and the polyethylene film. The edges of the sandwiched material were then heat sealed.
- the assembly was then placed under the 4 inch diameter cylinder and tested for wiclting characteristics.
- the liquid (simulated urine) was fully absorbed through the topsheet and into the absorbent material in 87 seconds.
- the topsheet was thereafter carefully removed and superimposed on an identical absorbent material and the edges were sealed.
- the absorbent article was then passed in contact with a roller equipped with heating means and having about 10 pins per square inch extending across the width of the roller and around its circumference.
- the diameter of the pin was seven sixty-fourths inch and the endpoint of the pin had a spherical configuration of about 00547 inch radius.
- the absorbent article was supported by a resilient back-up roller.
- the pins were heated to a temperature of about 300F. by a circulating hot oil system wherein the temperature of the oil was maintained at 350F.
- the resultant absorbent product had about l dimples per square inchdisposed along the topsheet of the absorbent article.
- the absorbent article was then tested for absorbency according to the procedure explained previously and the liquid (simulated urine) was fully absorbed through the topsheet and into the absorbent material in seconds.
- EXAMPLE 9 An absorbent pad consisting of eight layers of absorbent wadding and measuring approximately 12 inches X l6 inches X3/l6 inch was positioned in the center of a sheet of polyethylene film measuring about 12% inches X l6V4 inches X 1.25 mil having a taffeta design embossed therein.
- a L25 mil thick sheet of ethylene-ethyl acrylate film was perforated by passing the film through the apparatus disclosed in co-pending application, Ser. No. l90.908 filed Oct. 20, 197 l.
- the backing member was a 9 mesh wire screen and the piercing member was a metal comb.
- the resulting perforated film had the ap pearance as shown in FIG. 2 and contained 81 slits per square inch each measuring about 0.l inch in length.
- the perforated film was cut to approximately 12% inches X 16% inches and placed on top of the absorbent wadding pad thereby sandwiching the pad between the perforated film and the polyethylene film. The edges of the sandwiched material were then heat sealed.
- the assembly was then placed under the cylinder and tested for absorbing characteristics.
- the liquid was fully absorbed through the topsheet and into the absorbent material in 4 seconds.
- topsheet was thereafter carefully removed and superimposed on an identical absorbent material and backsheet and the edges were sealed.
- the absorbent article was then passed in contact with a roller equipped with heating means and having about pins per square inch extending across the width of the roller and around its circumference.
- the diameter of the pin was seven sixty-fourths inch and the endpoint of the pin had a spherical configuration of about 0.0547 inch radius.
- the absorbent article was supported by a resilient back-up roller.
- the pins were heated to a temperature of about 300F. by a circulating hot oil system.
- the resultant absorbent product had about 10 dimples per square inch disposed along the topsheet of the absorbent article.
- the absorbent article was then tested for absorbency according to the procedure explained previously. The following results were obtained: The liquid was fully absorbed through the topsheet and into the absorbent material in 3.2 seconds.
- Example 9 The procedure of Example 9 was repeated except that the size of the slits measured about 0.07 inch in Time for Absorption Before dimpling seconds After dimpling 3 seconds
- the following examples 1 l-l5 will demonstrate that the amount of absorbency in the baby diapers of the present invention is affected by the number of dimples per square inch of topsheet surface.
- the liquid was poured onto the fabricated diapers while the portion of the diaper treated with the liquid was in a horizontal position.
- the following test procedure was devised:
- the diapers to be tested were each placed and clamped to a 45 degree angled board.
- a separatory funnel with a delivery rate of 40 ml./30 seconds was placed above the board so that the tip of the funnel was one inch above the topsheet of the diaper.
- the funnel was adjusted so that liquid leaving the tip of the funnel would fall on the topsheet of the diaper and would travel an eleven inch linear path across the width of the diaper.
- the liquid was a water solution (0.3N NaCl) which was maintained at room temperature.
- the forty milliliters were emptied from the funnel over a 30 second period, and the amount of liquid run-off, i.e., the amount not absorbed by the diaper, was measured.
- the diapers to be tested were fabricated from the same roll of wadding and the same roll of topsheet material (ethylene-ethyl acrylate). They were fabricated according to the technique described in Example 6 except that the number of dimples per square inch varied as indicated below:
- Example 2 TABLE ll Water Delivery Speed Test Amount of water run-off Example Dimples per square inch (milliliters)
- the following Example 2] demonstrates the increase of wet integrity strength of a diaper which has been dimpled according to the present invention.
- a wood pulp fluff was used as the absorbent pad since the fluff is more drastically effected by loss of wet integrity strength than wadding.
- a test apparatus was employed wherein a 4 by 4 inch sample of the composite pad, as prepared for test by wetting with 2 times its dry weight with water and allowing it to sit or equilibrate for l minute, was restrained in compression between two annular, flat metal rings of aluminum with an.intemal opening diameter of 3.5 inches. The bottom center of the 3.5 inch diameter sample thus restrained rested on a [.5 inch diameter first plate covered with one-sixteenth inch polyurethane foam. A second 1 inch diameter plate covered with one-sixteenth polyurethane foam was centered and pressed down on the top of the sample, disposed on the first or bottom plate, with a pressure of 12.7 lb. per sq. in.
- test sample was additionally wetted with 2 times its dry weight of water and allowed to equilibrate for 1 minute.
- the first plate, pressing on the bottom surface of the sample under test, was free to rotate in the plane of the sample while the second plate pressing against the top surface was articulated so that it could be rotated within an arc of 45' at a frequency of 55 times per minute.
- the rotary movement of the first and second plates tended to tear out the restrained test sample in a circle around the articulated l inch diameter central pressure plate.
- a test period in this simulated test with the described rotary articulation was 4 minutes, and the test results were recorded as tear grades from to 3 by inspection, with tear grades greater than I equated to unsatisfactory performance in actual use.
- the tear grades assigned to the individual test samples had the following meanings:
- a 1.25 mil thick sheet of ethylene-ethyl acrylate film was perforated by passing the film through the apparatus disclosed in co-pending application, Ser. No. 190,908 filed Oct. 20, 197].
- the backing member was a 9 mesh wire screen and the piercing member was a metal comb.
- the resulting perforated film had the appearance as shown in FIG. 2 and contained 81 slits per square inch each measuring about 0.1 inch in length.
- the perforated film was cut to approximately l2% inches X 5% inches and placed on top of the absorbent wadding pad thereby sandwiching the pad between the perforated film and the polyethylene film. The edges of the sandwiched material were then heat sealed. The resulting diaper was thereafter tested for wet integrity according to the procedure described previously and the result was a tear grade reading of 2.
- Another diaper was fabricated identical to that described above.
- the diaper was then passed in contact with a roller equipped with heating means and having about l0 pins per square inch extending across the width of the roller and arounds its circumference.
- the diameter of the pin was seven sixty-fourths inch and the endpoint of the pin had a spherical configuration of about 0.0547 inch radius.
- the absorbent article was supported by a resilient back-up roller.
- the pins were heated to a temperature of about 300 F. by a circulating hot oil system.
- the resultant absorbent product had about 10 dimples per square inch disposed along the topsheet of the absorbent article.
- the absorbent article was then tested for wet integrity and resulted in a tear grade reading of 1.
- the absorbent product of the instant invention has outstanding qualities with respect to the characteristics enumerated (a) through (d). Variations of the invention are possible particulariy the elimination of features which although not providing an optimum product as explained previously. would nevertheless provide an improved product with respect to conventional products. Thus for example, the fibers in the absorbent pad need not be adhered to the lowest portions of the depressed areas. There would be some sacrifice of the dimensional stability, however the other advantages would not be materially affected. Thus, rather than passing the absorbent product through the dimpling process, the topsheet can be pretreated so as to provide the depressed areas and thereafter the topsheet joined to form the final product.
- dimples are employed to characterize the depressed areas.
- the term “dimples” shall mean the depressed areas across the surface of the topsheet which extend below the plane of the topsheet and which are fabricated in a manner such that there is substantially no breaking, melting or cutting of the topsheet during or after fabrication in a manner which would hinder the controlled passage of liquid to the absorbent pad.
- the dimples are also substantially liquid impermeable.
- a disposable absorbent article comprising a hydrophobic topsheet for placement adjacent to the body and having'a plurality of valvular openings therein, a substantially liquid impermeable backing sheet. an absorbent pad disposed between said topsheet and backing sheet and being characterized by its ability to absorb liquid passed through said valvular openings. said valvular openings being substantially closable to prevent contact of said absorbent material with the body and to retard backflow of liquid absorbed by said absorbent pad. and a system of dimples disposed on said topsheet, said dimples having a frequency of at least 1 per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- each slit is from 0.07 to 0.2 inch in length and wherein said slits are present in said topsheet in an amount of about 30 to 150 per square inch of topsheet.
- tTAn absofiaent article accbr diiigEcTirn 1 wherein said dimples are disposed on said topsheet in an amount of about 6 to about dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- a disposable baby diaper comprising in combination, the hydrophobic topsheet. the substantially liquid impermeable backing sheet. the absorbent pad and the dimples as defined in claim I wherein thetopsheet and backing sheet are each 0.5 to 2.0 mil thick and of substantially the same dimensions and being at least partially adhered to each other around their periphery to form an integrated diaper structure having the absorbent pad substantially enclosed and sandwiched between the topsheet and the backing sheet, and wherein the valvular openings are substantially straight slits arranged in parallel rows, each slit being disposed parallel to the longitudinal axis of said rows.
- each slit is from about 0.030 to about 0.250 inch in length and wherein said slits are present in said topsheet in an amount of about 30 to I50 per square inch of topsheet.
- said dimples are disposed on said topsheet in an amount of from about 6 to about 15 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- a disposable baby diaper which comprises in combination:
- a hydrophobic topsheet for placement adjacent to the body, having a plurality of valvular openings therein, said openings being substantially parallel straight slits disposed in longitudinal rows, each slit being angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of each row;
- At least one absorbent pad adjacent to said topsheet characterized by its ability to absorb and retain liquid passed through said openings
- topsheet and backing sheet being of substantially the same dimensions and being at least partially adhered to each other around their periphery to form an integral diaper structure having the absorbent pad substantially enclosed and sandwiched between the topsheet and backing sheet;
- a disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 33 wherein said slits are further characterized in that they are arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially between the end points of corresponding slits in adjacent rows and are from about 0.030 to about 0.250 inch in length.
- a disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 33 wherein said dimples have a frequency of about 1 to about I00 dimplsper square ifiElT'ol absobent pad area, and wherein said topsheet and bottom sheet are adhered by heat sealing said topsheet to said backing sheet.
- a disposable baby diaper which comprises in combination? fl a hydrophobic topsheet, for placement adjacent to the body, having a plurality of valvular openings therein, said openings being substantially parallel straight slits disposed in longitudinal rows, each slit being angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of each row and being arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially between the end points of corresponding slits in adjacent rows and are from about 0.030 to about 0.250 inch in length;
- At least one absorbent pad adjacent to said topsheet characterized by its ability to absorb and retain liquid passed through said openings
- topsheet and backing sheet being of substantially the same dimensions and being at least partially heat sealed to each other around their periphery to form an integral diaper structure having the absorbent pad substantially enclosed and sandwiched between the topsheet and backing sheet;
- dimples disposed on said topsheet, said dimples having a frequency of about I to about dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- a disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 37 wherein the slits closest to said dimples are opened to a greater extent than slits situated further from said dimples.
- a disposable baby diaper which comprises in combination:
- a hydrophobic topsheet for placement adjacent to the body, having a plurality of valvular openings therein, said openings being substantially parallel straight slits disposed in longitudinal rows, each slit being angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of each row and being arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially between the end points of corresponding slits in adjacent rows and are from about 0.07 to about 0.2 inch in length;
- At least one absorbent pad adjacent to said topsheet characterized by its ability to absorb and retain liquid passed through said openings
- dimples disposed on said topsheet, said dimples having a frequency of about 3 to about 25 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area;
- the slits in said topsheet closest to said dimples being opened to a greater extent than slits situated further from said dimples, said slits being substantially closable to prevent contact of said absorbent pad with the body and to retard backflow of liquid from said absorbent pad and said topsheet and said backing sheet being of substantially the same dimensions and being at least partially heat sealed to each other around their periphery to form an integral diaper structure having the absorbent pad substantially enclosed and sandwiched between the topsheet and backing sheet.
- a disposable baby diaper which comprises in combination:
- a non-fibrous hydrophobic topsheet for placement adjacent to the body. having a plurality of valvular openings therein. said openings being substantially parallel straight slits disposed in longitudinal rows. each slit being angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of each row and being arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially be tween the end points of corresponding slits in adjacent rows and are from about 0.07 to about 0.2 inch in length and having a frequency of about 30 to 150 par square in cl1 o f topsheet;
- At least one absorbent pad adjacent to said topsheet characterized by its ability to absorb and retain liquid passed through said openings
- dimples disposed on said topsheet.
- said dimples having a circular configuration and being about from 0.25 to about 0.250 inch diameter, and wherein the total area of said dimples does not exceed more than 20 percent of the area of said absorbent pad.
- a disposable baby diaper according to claim 47 wherein the slits closest to 55rd dirhpleshTEbTaehEdtb a greater degree than slits situated further from said dimples.
- a disposable baby diaper whjgh comprises in combination: "m
- an ethylene-ethyl acrylate film of 0.5 to 2.0 mil thickness as topsheet for placement adjacent to the body, having a plurality of valvular openings therein, said openings being substantially parallel straight slits disposed in longitudinal rows, each slit being angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of each row and being arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially between the end points of corresponding slits in adjacent rows and are about 0.l inch in length and of a frequency of about 8l per square inch of topsheet;
- At least one absorbent pad comprising a stack of layers of absorbent wadding adjacent to said topsheet characterized by its ability to absorb and retain liquid passed through said openings:
- a system of dimples disposed on said topsheet said dimples having a circular configuration and being about from 0.25 to about 0.250 inch diameter, and wherein the total area of said dimples does not exceed more than 20 percent of the area of said absorbent pad, said diaper being further characterized in that the slits closest to said dimples are opened to a greater degree than slits situated further from said dimples.
- a dispoaable baby diaper which comp iges ip combination:
- a hydrophobic topsheet for placement adjacent to the body, having a plurality of valvular openings therein, said openings being substantially parallel straight slits disposed in longitudinal rows;
- At least one absorbent pad adjacent to said topsheet characterized by its ability to absorb and retain liquid passed through said openings
- topsheet and backing sheet being of substantially the same dimensions and being at least partially adhered to each other around their periphery to form an integral diaper structure having the absorbent pad substantially enclosed and sandwiched between the topsheet and backing sheet;
- a system of depressed areas disposed on said topsheet the lower portion of said depressed areas extending below the plane of said topsheet and being substantially liquid impermeable and in nonadhering relation with said absorbent pad, said depressed areas having a frequency of at least I per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- a disposable baby diaper according to claim 58 further characterized in that the slits are angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of each row and are arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially between the end points of corresponding slits in adjacent rows.
Abstract
Description
Claims (58)
- 2. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 1 wherein said plurality of valvular openings are substantially straight slits arranged in parallel rows, each slit being disposed parallel to the longitudinal axis of said rows.
- 3. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 2 wherein each slit is from 0.07 to 0.2 inch in length and wherein said slits are present in said topsheet in an amount of about 30 to 150 per square inch of topsheet.
- 4. An absorbent article according to claim 1 wherein said dimples are disposed on said topsheet in an amount of about 1 to about 100 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 5. An absorbent article according to claim 1 wherein said dimples are disposed on said topsheet in an amount of about 3 to about 25 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 6. An absorbent article according to claim 1 wherein said dimples are disposed on said topsheet in an amount of about 6 to about 15 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 7. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 1 wherein the total area of said dimples does not exceed more than 20 percent of the area of said absorbent pad.
- 8. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 1 wherein the total area of said dimples is from 4 to 12 percent of the area of said absorbent pad.
- 9. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 1 wherein said dimples have a circular configuration with a diameter of from about 0.025 to about 0.250 inch.
- 10. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 1 wherein said dimples have a circular configuration with a diameter of from about 0.075 to about 0.150 inch.
- 11. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 1 wherein said plurality of valvular openings are substantially parallel straight slits disposed in longitudinal rows, each slit being angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of said row and being arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially between the end points of corresponding slits in adjacent rows.
- 12. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 11 wherein said slits are from about 0.030 to about 0.250 inch in length.
- 13. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 11 wherein said slits are from about 0.07 to about 0.2 inch in length.
- 14. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 11 wherein said slits are present in said topsheet in an amount of 30 to 150 per square inch.
- 15. An absorbent article according to claim 11 wherein said dimples are disposed on said topsheet in an amount of about 1 to about 100 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 16. An absorbent article according to claim 11 wherein said dimples are disposed on said topsheet in an amount of about 3 to about 25 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 17. An absorbent article according to claim 11 wherein said dimples are disposed on said topsheet in an amount of about 6 to about 15 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 18. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 11 wherein the total area of said dimples does not exceed more than 20 percent of the area of said absorbent pad.
- 19. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 11 wherein the total area of said dimples is from 4 to 12 percent of the area of said absorbent pad.
- 20. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 11 wherein said dimples have a circular configuration with a diameter of from about 0.025 to about 0.250 inch.
- 21. An absorbent article in accordance with claim 11 wherein said dimples have a circular configuration with a diameter of from about 0.075 to about 0.150 inch.
- 22. A disposable baby diaper comprising in combination, the hydrophobic topsheet, the substantially liquid impermeable backing sheet, the absorbent pad and the dimples as defined in claim 1 wherein the topsheet and backing sheet are each 0.5 to 2.0 mil thick and of substantially the same dimensions and being at least partially adhered to each other around their periphery to form an integrated diaper structure having the absorbent pad substantially enclosed and sandwiched between the topsheet and the backing sheet, and wherein the valvular openings are substantially straight slits arRanged in parallel rows, each slit being disposed parallel to the longitudinal axis of said rows.
- 23. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 22 wherein each slit is from about 0.030 to about 0.250 inch in length and wherein said slits are present in said topsheet in an amount of about 30 to 150 per square inch of topsheet.
- 24. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 23 wherein the hydrophobic topsheet is an ethylene-ethyl acrylate film and wherein the absorbent pad is a stack of layers of absorbent wadding.
- 25. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 22 wherein said dimples are disposed on said hydrophobic topsheet in an amount of about 1 to about 100 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 26. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 22 wherein said dimples are disposed on said topsheet in an amount of from about 3 to about 25 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 27. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 22 wherein said dimples are disposed on said topsheet in an amount of from about 6 to about 15 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 28. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 22 wherein the total area of said dimples does not exceed more than 20 percent of the area of said absorbent pad.
- 29. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 22 wherein the total area of said dimples is from 4 to 12 percent of the area of said absorbent pad.
- 30. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 22 wherein said dimples have a circular configuration with a diameter of from about 0.025 to about 0.250 inch.
- 31. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 22 wherein said dimples have a circular configuration with a diameter of from about 0.075 to about 0.150 inch.
- 32. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 22 wherein said topsheet and backing sheet are heat sealed to each around their periphery.
- 33. A disposable baby diaper which comprises in combination: a hydrophobic topsheet, for placement adjacent to the body, having a plurality of valvular openings therein, said openings being substantially parallel straight slits disposed in longitudinal rows, each slit being angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of each row; at least one absorbent pad adjacent to said topsheet characterized by its ability to absorb and retain liquid passed through said openings; a substantially liquid impermeable backing sheet adjacent to the absorbent layer on the side opposite the topsheet, the openings in said topsheet being substantially closable to prevent contact of said absorbent pad with the body and to retard backflow of liquid from said absorbent pad, and said topsheet and said backing sheet being of substantially the same dimensions and being at least partially adhered to each other around their periphery to form an integral diaper structure having the absorbent pad substantially enclosed and sandwiched between the topsheet and backing sheet; and a system of dimples disposed on said topsheet, said dimples having a frequency of at least 1 per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 34. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 33 wherein said slits are further characterized in that they are arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially between the end points of corresponding slits in adjacent rows and are from about 0.030 to about 0.250 inch in length.
- 35. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 33 wherein said dimples have a frequency of about 1 to about 100 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area, and wherein said topsheet and bottom sheet are adhered by heat sealing said topsheet to said backing sheet.
- 36. A disposable baby diaper which comprises in combination: a hydrophobic topsheet, for placement adjacent to the body, hAving a plurality of valvular openings therein, said openings being substantially parallel straight slits disposed in longitudinal rows, each slit being angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of each row and being arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially between the end points of corresponding slits in adjacent rows and are from about 0.030 to about 0.250 inch in length; at least one absorbent pad adjacent to said topsheet characterized by its ability to absorb and retain liquid passed through said openings; a substantially liquid impermeable backing sheet adjacent to the absorbent layer on the side opposite the topsheet, the openings in said topsheet being substantially closable to prevent contact of said absorbent pad with the body and to retard backflow of liquid from said absorbent pad, and said topsheet and said backing sheet being of substantially the same dimensions and being at least partially heat sealed to each other around their periphery to form an integral diaper structure having the absorbent pad substantially enclosed and sandwiched between the topsheet and backing sheet; and a system of dimples disposed on said topsheet, said dimples having a frequency of about 1 to about 100 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 37. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 36 wherein said dimples are disposed on said topsheet in an amount of about 3 to about 25 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 38. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 36 wherein said slits are from about 0.07 to about 0.2 inch in length.
- 39. A disposable baby diaper in accordance with claim 36 wherein the slits closest to said dimples are opened to a greater extent than slits situated further from said dimples.
- 40. A disposable baby diaper which comprises in combination: a hydrophobic topsheet, for placement adjacent to the body, having a plurality of valvular openings therein, said openings being substantially parallel straight slits disposed in longitudinal rows, each slit being angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of each row and being arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially between the end points of corresponding slits in adjacent rows and are from about 0.07 to about 0.2 inch in length; at least one absorbent pad adjacent to said topsheet characterized by its ability to absorb and retain liquid passed through said openings; a system of dimples disposed on said topsheet, said dimples having a frequency of about 3 to about 25 dimples per square inch of absorbent pad area; and a substantially liquid impermeable backing sheet adjacent to the absorbent layer on the side opposite the topsheet, the slits in said topsheet closest to said dimples being opened to a greater extent than slits situated further from said dimples, said slits being substantially closable to prevent contact of said absorbent pad with the body and to retard backflow of liquid from said absorbent pad and said topsheet and said backing sheet being of substantially the same dimensions and being at least partially heat sealed to each other around their periphery to form an integral diaper structure having the absorbent pad substantially enclosed and sandwiched between the topsheet and backing sheet.
- 41. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 40 wherein said dimples have a frequency of about 6 to about 15 per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 42. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 36 wherein the total area of said dimples does not exceed more than 20 percent of the area of said absorbent pad.
- 43. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 36 wherein the total area of said dimples is from 4 to 12 percent of the area of said absorbent pad.
- 44. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 36 wherein said dimPles have a circular configuration and are from about 0.025 to about 0.250 inch diameter.
- 45. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 36 wherein said dimples have a circular configuration and are from about 0.075 to about 0.150 inch diameter.
- 46. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 36 wherein said slits are disposed in said topsheet in an amount of about 30 to about 150 per square inch.
- 47. A disposable baby diaper which comprises in combination: a non-fibrous hydrophobic topsheet, for placement adjacent to the body, having a plurality of valvular openings therein, said openings being substantially parallel straight slits disposed in longitudinal rows, each slit being angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of each row and being arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially between the end points of corresponding slits in adjacent rows and are from about 0.07 to about 0.2 inch in length and having a frequency of about 30 to 150 per square inch of topsheet; at least one absorbent pad adjacent to said topsheet characterized by its ability to absorb and retain liquid passed through said openings; and a system of dimples disposed on said topsheet, said dimples having a circular configuration and being about from 0.25 to about 0.250 inch diameter, and wherein the total area of said dimples does not exceed more than 20 percent of the area of said absorbent pad.
- 48. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 47 wherein the total area of said dimples is from 4 to 12 percent of the area of said absorbent pad.
- 49. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 47 wherein said non-fibrous hydrophobic topsheet is a film of ethylene-ethyl acrylate and wherein said absorbent pad is a stack of layers of absorbent wadding.
- 50. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 49 wherein said ethylene-ethyl acrylate film is from 0.5 to 2.0 mil thick.
- 51. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 47 wherein the slit size is 0.1 inch and wherein there is present about 81 slits per square inch of topsheet.
- 52. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 47 wherein the slits closest to said dimples are opened to a greater degree than slits situated further from said dimples.
- 53. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 47 wherein said dimples are from about 0.075 to about 0.150 inch diameter.
- 54. A disposable baby diaper which comprises in combination: an ethylene-ethyl acrylate film of 0.5 to 2.0 mil thickness as topsheet, for placement adjacent to the body, having a plurality of valvular openings therein, said openings being substantially parallel straight slits disposed in longitudinal rows, each slit being angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of each row and being arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially between the end points of corresponding slits in adjacent rows and are about 0.1 inch in length and of a frequency of about 81 per square inch of topsheet; at least one absorbent pad comprising a stack of layers of absorbent wadding adjacent to said topsheet characterized by its ability to absorb and retain liquid passed through said openings; and a system of dimples disposed on said topsheet, said dimples having a circular configuration and being about from 0.25 to about 0.250 inch diameter, and wherein the total area of said dimples does not exceed more than 20 percent of the area of said absorbent pad, said diaper being further characterized in that the slits closest to said dimples are opened to a greater degree than slits situated further from said dimples.
- 55. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 54 wherein the dimples have a frequency of about 1 to about 100 per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 56. A disPosable baby diaper according to claim 54 wherein the dimples have a frequency of about 3 to about 25 per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 57. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 54 wherein the dimples have a frequency of about 6 to about 15 per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 58. A disposable baby diaper which comprises in combination: a hydrophobic topsheet, for placement adjacent to the body, having a plurality of valvular openings therein, said openings being substantially parallel straight slits disposed in longitudinal rows; at least one absorbent pad adjacent to said topsheet characterized by its ability to absorb and retain liquid passed through said openings; a substantially liquid impermeable backing sheet adjacent to the absorbent layer on the side opposite the topsheet, the openings in said topsheet being substantially closable to prevent contact of said absorbent pad with the body and to retard backflow of liquid from said absorbent pad, and said topsheet and said backing sheet being of substantially the same dimensions and being at least partially adhered to each other around their periphery to form an integral diaper structure having the absorbent pad substantially enclosed and sandwiched between the topsheet and backing sheet; and a system of depressed areas disposed on said topsheet the lower portion of said depressed areas extending below the plane of said topsheet and being substantially liquid impermeable and in nonadhering relation with said absorbent pad, said depressed areas having a frequency of at least 1 per square inch of absorbent pad area.
- 59. A disposable baby diaper according to claim 58 further characterized in that the slits are angularly disposed with respect to the longitudinal axis of each row and are arranged in a manner such that the end points of each slit lie in a line substantially between the end points of corresponding slits in adjacent rows.
Priority Applications (16)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
CH328323D CH328323A (en) | 1955-02-18 | 1955-02-18 | Electric spray gun |
US00312131A US3814101A (en) | 1970-09-17 | 1972-12-04 | Disposable absorbent articles |
DE2358394A DE2358394C2 (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1973-11-23 | Disposable diaper |
JP48135688A JPS4987456A (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1973-12-03 | |
CH1691373A CH557152A (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1973-12-03 | GARNITURE ABSORBANTE A JETER APRES USAGE. |
GB5585373A GB1450714A (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1973-12-03 | Disposable absorbent articles |
DK653273AA DK137942B (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1973-12-03 | Disposable absorbent article, especially a diaper or sanitary napkin. |
SE7316288A SE388763B (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1973-12-03 | ABSORBED DISPOSABLE ARTICLES |
NLAANVRAGE7316522,A NL174803C (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1973-12-03 | ABSORBENT DISPOSABLE OBJECT. |
NO4608/73A NO141590C (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1973-12-03 | Absorbent disposable articles. |
BE138454A BE808148R (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1973-12-03 | ABSORBENT FILLINGS TO DISCARD AFTER USE |
ZA739158A ZA739158B (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1973-12-03 | Disposable absorbent articles |
IT54071/73A IT1046223B (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1973-12-03 | IMPROVEMENT IN REMOVABLE ABSORBING OBJECTS, SUCH AS PANELS AND SIMILAR |
AT1009973A AT341463B (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1973-12-03 | DISPOSABLE SUCTION CUSHIONS FOR BODY CARE, e.g. BABY DIAPER |
AU63131/73A AU470792B2 (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1973-12-03 | Disposable absorbent articles |
HK186/77A HK18677A (en) | 1972-12-04 | 1977-04-20 | Disposable absorbent articles |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US7318570A | 1970-09-17 | 1970-09-17 | |
US00312131A US3814101A (en) | 1970-09-17 | 1972-12-04 | Disposable absorbent articles |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3814101A true US3814101A (en) | 1974-06-04 |
Family
ID=26754212
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00312131A Expired - Lifetime US3814101A (en) | 1955-02-18 | 1972-12-04 | Disposable absorbent articles |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3814101A (en) |
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