US3830239A - Cryosurgical device - Google Patents

Cryosurgical device Download PDF

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Publication number
US3830239A
US3830239A US00288363A US28836372A US3830239A US 3830239 A US3830239 A US 3830239A US 00288363 A US00288363 A US 00288363A US 28836372 A US28836372 A US 28836372A US 3830239 A US3830239 A US 3830239A
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United States
Prior art keywords
container
tip
refrigerant
housing
needle
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Expired - Lifetime
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US00288363A
Inventor
J Stumpf
J Andera
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FRIGI ACQUISITION Inc
CooperVision Inc
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Frigitronics Inc
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Publication date
Application filed by Frigitronics Inc filed Critical Frigitronics Inc
Priority to US00288363A priority Critical patent/US3830239A/en
Priority to CA170,587A priority patent/CA989633A/en
Priority to AR247890A priority patent/AR195527A1/en
Priority to BR3349/73A priority patent/BR7303349D0/en
Priority to IT68416/73A priority patent/IT986655B/en
Priority to BE131615A priority patent/BE800146A/en
Priority to LU67705A priority patent/LU67705A1/xx
Priority to FR7320034A priority patent/FR2198725B1/fr
Priority to NL7308008A priority patent/NL7308008A/xx
Priority to JP48080778A priority patent/JPS4965088A/ja
Priority to GB3986973A priority patent/GB1438843A/en
Priority to DE2345771A priority patent/DE2345771C2/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US3830239A publication Critical patent/US3830239A/en
Assigned to FRIGITRONICS, INC., A CORP. OF DE reassignment FRIGITRONICS, INC., A CORP. OF DE MERGER (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE DATE: MARCH 14, 1986 AND DECEMBER 8, 1986, RESPECTIVELY DELAWARE Assignors: FRIGITRONICS, INC., A CORP. OF CT., FRIGITRONICS OF CONN., INC., A CORP. OF CT
Assigned to BANK OF NEW YORK COMMERCIAL CORPORATION, THE, 530 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, NEW YORK reassignment BANK OF NEW YORK COMMERCIAL CORPORATION, THE, 530 FIFTH AVENUE, NEW YORK, NEW YORK SECURITY INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: FRIGITRONICS OF CONNECTICUT, INC.,
Assigned to FRIGITRONICS INC., A DE CORPORATION reassignment FRIGITRONICS INC., A DE CORPORATION ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FRIGITRONICS OF CONN., INC.
Assigned to FRIGI ACQUISITION, INC., A CORP. OF DE reassignment FRIGI ACQUISITION, INC., A CORP. OF DE ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST. Assignors: FRIGITRONICS OF CONN., INC.
Assigned to FRIGITRONICS OF CONN., INC. reassignment FRIGITRONICS OF CONN., INC. RELEASED BY SECURED PARTY (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). RECORDED AT REEL 4935, FRAME 0800 ON MAY 20, 1988. Assignors: BANK OF NEW YORK COMMERCIAL CORPORATION, THE
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Assigned to COOPERVISION, INC. A NY CORPORATION reassignment COOPERVISION, INC. A NY CORPORATION NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE ON 03/16/1990 Assignors: FRIGI ACQUISITION, INC., A CORPORATION OF DE
Assigned to FRIGI ACQUISITION, INC. reassignment FRIGI ACQUISITION, INC. NUNC PRO TUNC ASSIGNMENT (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). EFFECTIVE ON 09/30/1991 Assignors: COOPERVISION, INC. A CORP. OF NEW YORK
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    • AHUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61BDIAGNOSIS; SURGERY; IDENTIFICATION
    • A61B18/00Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body
    • A61B18/02Surgical instruments, devices or methods for transferring non-mechanical forms of energy to or from the body by cooling, e.g. cryogenic techniques

Definitions

  • This invention pertains to a cryosurgical device employing a low boiling temperature liquid refrigerant. More particularly, it relates to such a device which is self-contained, disposable, and of small size rendering it particularly useful for the cryoextraction of cata racts.
  • All of the foregoing are characterized by being selfcontained units which enclose a container of pressurized, low boiling temperature, liquid refrigerant.
  • the refrigerant is selectively released from the container into a separate boiler tip. Boiling of the refrigerant reduces the temperature of the tip which is thereupon used for the surgical procedure.
  • One such surgical procedure is adhesion to a cataractous lens for its removal in cataract surgery.
  • Another type of prior art device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,270,744 of Katz et al. That device, however, is not normally in a ready condition. It is always vented and accordingly must be separately filled with liquid nitrogen for each use.
  • a self-contained, disposable, cryosurgical device incorporating an elongated, sealed container having a first end terminating in a heat conductive tip, and a second end.
  • a liquefied refrigerant partially fills the container and is normally maintained therein at superatmospheric pressure.
  • An insulating housing substantially encloses the container and exposes at least a portion of the tip. Means are provided for selectively venting the container to atmosphere to boil the refrigerant and cool the tip.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cryosurgical apparatus in accordance with this invention
  • FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical cross section of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
  • FIG. 3 is a-further enlarged cross section of the operating mechanism of the device of FIG. 2;
  • FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 illustrating an alternative operating mechanism.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 there is illustrated a cryosurgical device in accordance with this invention which has the same size and shape as a conventional ballpoint pen. It comprises a housing 10 comprising an upper housing 10a, a central barrel 10b, and a tip housing 10c.
  • the housing is preferably formed of a material having poor heat conductance, such as nylon, polypropylene, an acrylic, or other suitable material.
  • Upper housing 1.0a is closed at its upper end but defines a crylindrical guideway 12 and small vents 13.
  • the inside of barrel 10b has a substantially cylindrical surface 14.
  • the tip housing 10c has an internal tapering surface 16 terminating in a cylindrical passage 18.
  • a refrigerant container 20 mounted within the housing 10 .
  • the upper end of container 20 defines a circular shoulder 22 defining a central opening 24.
  • a cup shaped cap 26 is crimped over the shoulder 22 and defines a central opening 28.
  • Sealed between the upper end of the container 20 and the cap 26 is a rubber diaphragm 30.
  • the tapered lower end of container 20 terminates at a solid, rod-like tip 32 at a matching conical portion 34 of the tip.
  • the tip portions 32, 34 are fabricated from a suitable heat conductive material. -It is important to note that container 20 is secured within the housing 10 by contact made only at the cap 26 and at the tip portion 34. The remainder of the container is displaced from the housing 10 to provide a dead air insulating space 36.
  • an actuating plunger 38 upon which is mounted a hollow needle 44 aligned with the opening 28 in cap 26.
  • a small vent hole 46 is drilled in the side of the hollow needle 44.
  • Contained within upper housing is a plug 47 of felt or other porous, fibrous, or blotter-like material. The plug 47 defines a passage 49 for needle 44.
  • the device of this invention is supplied to the surgeon with the container 28 partially filled with a suitable liquid refrigerant 51, such as Freon 12 or Freon 500.
  • a suitable liquid refrigerant 51 such as Freon 12 or Freon 500.
  • the apparatus is normally used in an upright position, such as illustrated in FIG. 2. In this position there is a vapor space in the upper region of the container 20.
  • the sealing action of diaphragm 30 causes the vapor and liquid refrigerant to be maintained under pressure at room temperature. When employing Freon 12, this pressure is approximately psig while, when employing Freon 500, the pressure is approximately psig.
  • the function of the plug 47 is to soak up any liquid refrigerant while allowing gaseous refrigerant to pass.
  • liquid refrigerant Several conditions may cause liquid to be present in the upper housing including: the container being too full; violent boiling of the liquid; sloshing of the liquid due to motion of the surgeons hand; or activation while in other than a vertical position.
  • FIG. 4 An alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 4.
  • the needle and diaphragm are replaced by a conventional valve.
  • the puncturable diaphragm is replaced by a valving diaphragm 50 which has an outer annular flange 52 which is engaged by the crimped cap 54 to retain it in place.
  • the valve diaphragm has an enlarged central portion 56 which seals the container by contacting the central opening 58 in the cap.
  • a sidewardly positioned vent 60 in the diaphragm is normally closed by engagement with the cap.
  • the hollow needle is replaced by a reduced diameter stem 62 on the end of a plunger 64.
  • the plunger 64 Downward movement of the plunger depresses the central portion 56 of the diaphragm permitting the vapor to exhaust through vent 60 and opening 58 to atmosphere.
  • the plunger 64 is retained in the open valve position by means of a detent 66 which overrides an internal shoulder 68 in the housing.
  • This construction could be modified by making plunger 64 retractable, such as the button on a ballpoint pen. The valve could then be closed to permit defrosting during a surgical procedure.
  • a self-contained, disposable cryosurgical device which comprises: an elongated, sealed container having a first end terminating in an integral heat conductive applicator tip, and a second end; a liquefied refrigerant partially filling said container to define a vapor space therein and normally maintained at super atmospheric pressure, said liquid being in direct physical contact with said tip; an insulating housing substantially enclosing said container but exposing at least a portion of said tip; and means at said second end for selectively venting the vapor space of said container to atmosphere to boil said refrigerant and cool said container and tip.
  • venting means comprises a porous member for passage of refrigerant therethrough.
  • venting means comprises a needle actuatable to puncture the second end of said container.
  • venting means comprises a porous member surrounding said needle.
  • venting means comprises a needle actuatable to puncture said diaphragm.
  • valve actuator comprises a plunger supported in said housing.
  • valve comprises an elastomeric diaphragm normally sealing said second end but movable to an open position by said plunger.

Abstract

A cryosurgical instrument having a thermally insulating housing containing a cartridge partially filled with a low boiling temperature liquefied refrigerant, such as ''''Freon'''' (a mark of DuPont). The cartridge includes a heat conductive tip in contact with the refrigerant and extending from the housing. The housing carries means for selectively venting the unfilled portion of the cartridge to atmosphere. This permits the refrigerant to boil at a reduced temperature, thereby abstracting heat from, and cooling, the tip. The foregoing abstract is not to be taken either as a complete exposition or as a limitation of the present invention. In order to understand the full nature and extent of the technical disclosure of this application, reference must be had to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings as well as to the claims.

Description

Stumpf et a].
[ CRYOSURGICAL DEVICE [75] Inventors: Joseph G. Stumpf, Fairfield; Joseph F. Andera, Trumbull, both of Conn.
[73] Assignee: Frigitronics 01 Conn., 1nc., Shelton,
Conn.
[22] Filed: Sept. 12, 1972 [2]] Appl. No.: 288,363
[52] U.S. Cl l28/303.1, 62/293, 62/294 [51] Int. Cl A61b 17/36 [58] Field of Search 62/293, 294; 128/303.l; 222/81 [56] References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS 1,617,066 2/1927 Lush 222/81 1,897,723 2/1933 Free 62/294 3,190,081 6/1965 Pytryga l28/303.1 UX 3,434,477 3/1969 Thomas, Jr. 128/303.1 3,524,446 8/1970 Crump 128/303.l 3,575,176 4/1971 Crump 128/3031 3,618,610 11/1971 Hannant 128/303.1
11] 3,830,239 Aug. 20, 1974 Primary Examiner-Channing L. Pace Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Buckles and Bramblett [5 7 ABSTRACT The foregoing abstract is not to be taken either as a complete exposition or as a limitation of the present invention. In order to understand the full nature and extent of the technical disclosure of this application, reference must be had to the following detailed description and the accompanying drawings as well as to the claims.
12 Claims, 4 Drawing Figures CRYOSURGICAL DEVICE BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention pertains to a cryosurgical device employing a low boiling temperature liquid refrigerant. More particularly, it relates to such a device which is self-contained, disposable, and of small size rendering it particularly useful for the cryoextraction of cata racts.
A number of cryosurgical devices have been known to the prior art which are self-contained units and which customarily employ a low boiling refrigerant, such as Freon. Examples of such devices will be found in the following U.S. Pat. Nos.:
2,645,097 Posch 3,343,544 Dunn et al.
3,524,446 Crump et al.
3,529,131 Kanbar et al.
3,575,176 Crump et al.
All of the foregoing are characterized by being selfcontained units which enclose a container of pressurized, low boiling temperature, liquid refrigerant. The refrigerant is selectively released from the container into a separate boiler tip. Boiling of the refrigerant reduces the temperature of the tip which is thereupon used for the surgical procedure. One such surgical procedure is adhesion to a cataractous lens for its removal in cataract surgery. Another type of prior art device is disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 3,270,744 of Katz et al. That device, however, is not normally in a ready condition. It is always vented and accordingly must be separately filled with liquid nitrogen for each use.
It is an object of the present invention to provide a cryosurgical device which is disposable and of small size. Other objects are to provide such a device which is maintained ready for use over long periods of time; which may be simply and quickly actuated when desired; and which does not require transport of liquid refrigerant from its normal container to a separate boiling chamber.
The manner in which the foregoing objects are achieved will be apparent from the following description and appended claims.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with the present invention there is provided a self-contained, disposable, cryosurgical device incorporating an elongated, sealed container having a first end terminating in a heat conductive tip, and a second end. A liquefied refrigerant partially fills the container and is normally maintained therein at superatmospheric pressure. An insulating housing substantially encloses the container and exposes at least a portion of the tip. Means are provided for selectively venting the container to atmosphere to boil the refrigerant and cool the tip.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWING FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a cryosurgical apparatus in accordance with this invention;
FIG. 2 is an enlarged vertical cross section of the apparatus of FIG. 1;
FIG. 3 is a-further enlarged cross section of the operating mechanism of the device of FIG. 2; and
FIG. 4 is a view similar to FIG. 3 illustrating an alternative operating mechanism.
DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT With particular reference to FIGS. 1 and 2, there is illustrated a cryosurgical device in accordance with this invention which has the same size and shape as a conventional ballpoint pen. It comprises a housing 10 comprising an upper housing 10a, a central barrel 10b, and a tip housing 10c. The housing is preferably formed of a material having poor heat conductance, such as nylon, polypropylene, an acrylic, or other suitable material. Upper housing 1.0a is closed at its upper end but defines a crylindrical guideway 12 and small vents 13. The inside of barrel 10b has a substantially cylindrical surface 14. The tip housing 10c has an internal tapering surface 16 terminating in a cylindrical passage 18.
Mounted within the housing 10 is a refrigerant container 20. As will be seen from FIG. 3, the upper end of container 20 defines a circular shoulder 22 defining a central opening 24. A cup shaped cap 26 is crimped over the shoulder 22 and defines a central opening 28. Sealed between the upper end of the container 20 and the cap 26 is a rubber diaphragm 30. The tapered lower end of container 20 terminates at a solid, rod-like tip 32 at a matching conical portion 34 of the tip. The tip portions 32, 34 are fabricated from a suitable heat conductive material. -It is important to note that container 20 is secured within the housing 10 by contact made only at the cap 26 and at the tip portion 34. The remainder of the container is displaced from the housing 10 to provide a dead air insulating space 36.
Mounted in the guideway 12 of upper housing 10a is an actuating plunger 38 upon which is mounted a hollow needle 44 aligned with the opening 28 in cap 26. A small vent hole 46 is drilled in the side of the hollow needle 44. Contained within upper housing is a plug 47 of felt or other porous, fibrous, or blotter-like material. The plug 47 defines a passage 49 for needle 44.
The device of this invention is supplied to the surgeon with the container 28 partially filled with a suitable liquid refrigerant 51, such as Freon 12 or Freon 500. For cataract surgery the apparatus is normally used in an upright position, such as illustrated in FIG. 2. In this position there is a vapor space in the upper region of the container 20. The sealing action of diaphragm 30 causes the vapor and liquid refrigerant to be maintained under pressure at room temperature. When employing Freon 12, this pressure is approximately psig while, when employing Freon 500, the pressure is approximately psig.
When the surgeon wishes to activate the device, he simply depresses the actuating plunger 38. This causes the needle 44 to pierce the diaphragm 30. The vaporized refrigerant then passes into needle 44 and through vent hole 46, plug 47, and vents 13 to atmosphere. Reduction of the pressure within container 20 to atmosphere causes the remaining liquid refrigerant to immediately begin boiling and the entire volume of liquid refrigerant drops to its boiling temperature. For Freon 12 this is -21F, for Freon 500 it is 28F. This causes heat to be rapidly extracted from the tip 32, reducing its temperature and permitting it to be employed for the preferred surgical operation. For a device of the described size, the tip temperature remains at this lower value for approximately 4 minutes, a time amply sufficient to perform the usual cryoextraction. After use, the instrument is simply discarded.
The function of the plug 47 is to soak up any liquid refrigerant while allowing gaseous refrigerant to pass. Several conditions may cause liquid to be present in the upper housing including: the container being too full; violent boiling of the liquid; sloshing of the liquid due to motion of the surgeons hand; or activation while in other than a vertical position.
An alternative embodiment of the invention is illustrated in FIG. 4. In this embodiment, the needle and diaphragm are replaced by a conventional valve. In the illustration of FIG. 4, parts similar to those previously described have been given identical numerals but with a prime attached. In this embodiment, the puncturable diaphragm is replaced by a valving diaphragm 50 which has an outer annular flange 52 which is engaged by the crimped cap 54 to retain it in place. The valve diaphragm has an enlarged central portion 56 which seals the container by contacting the central opening 58 in the cap. A sidewardly positioned vent 60 in the diaphragm is normally closed by engagement with the cap. The hollow needle is replaced by a reduced diameter stem 62 on the end of a plunger 64. Downward movement of the plunger depresses the central portion 56 of the diaphragm permitting the vapor to exhaust through vent 60 and opening 58 to atmosphere. In the version illustrated in FIG. 4, the plunger 64 is retained in the open valve position by means of a detent 66 which overrides an internal shoulder 68 in the housing. This construction could be modified by making plunger 64 retractable, such as the button on a ballpoint pen. The valve could then be closed to permit defrosting during a surgical procedure.
It is believed that the many advantages of this invention will now be apparent to those skilled in the art. It will be particularly apparent that no transfer of the refrigerant is required in order to effectuate the desired cooling. As a result, the device is much smaller and of simpler construction than devices known to the prior art. It will also be apparent that a number of variations and modifications may be made in this invention without departing from its spirit and scope. Accordingly, the foregoing description is to be construed as illustrative only, rather than limiting. This invention is limited only by the scope of the following claims.
We claim:
1. A self-contained, disposable cryosurgical device which comprises: an elongated, sealed container having a first end terminating in an integral heat conductive applicator tip, and a second end; a liquefied refrigerant partially filling said container to define a vapor space therein and normally maintained at super atmospheric pressure, said liquid being in direct physical contact with said tip; an insulating housing substantially enclosing said container but exposing at least a portion of said tip; and means at said second end for selectively venting the vapor space of said container to atmosphere to boil said refrigerant and cool said container and tip.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said venting means comprises a porous member for passage of refrigerant therethrough.
3. The device of claim ll wherein said venting means comprises a needle actuatable to puncture the second end of said container.
4. The device of claim 3 wherein said needle is secured to an actuating plunger supported in said housing.
5. The device of claim 4 wherein said venting means comprises a porous member surrounding said needle.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein the second end of said container comprises an elastomeric diaphragm.
7. The device of claim 6 wherein said venting means comprises a needle actuatable to puncture said diaphragm.
8. The device of claim 7 wherein said needle is secured to an actuating plunger supported in said housmg.
9. The device of claim 1 wherein the second end of said container comprises a valve and said venting means comprises a valve actuator.
10. The device of claim 9 wherein said valve actuator comprises a plunger supported in said housing.
11. The device of claim 10 wherein said valve comprises an elastomeric diaphragm normally sealing said second end but movable to an open position by said plunger.
12. The device of claim 11 wherein said plunger includes means for retaining said diaphragm in its open position.

Claims (12)

1. A self-contained, disposable cryosurgical device which comprises: an elongated, sealed container having a first end terminating in an integral heat conductive applicator tip, and a second end; a liquefied refrigerant partially filling said container to define a vapor space therein and normally maintained at super atmospheric pressure, said liquid being in direct physical contact with said tip; an insulating housing substantially enclosing said container but exposing at least a portion of said tip; and means at said second end for selectively venting the vapor space of said container to atmosphere to boil said refrigerant and cool said container and tip.
2. The device of claim 1 wherein said venting means comprises a porous member for passage of refrigerant therethrough.
3. The device of claim 1 wherein said venting means comprises a needle actuatable to puncture the second end of said container.
4. The device of claim 3 wherein said needle is secured to an actuating plunger supported in said housing.
5. The device of claim 4 wherein said venting means comprises a porous member surrounding said needle.
6. The device of claim 1 wherein the second end of said container comprises an elastomeric diaphragm.
7. The device of claim 6 wherein said venting means comprises a needle actuatable to puncture said diaphragm.
8. The device of claim 7 wherein said needle is secured to an actuating plunger supported in said housing.
9. The device of claim 1 wherein the second end of said container comprises a valve and said venting means comprises a valve actuator.
10. The device of claim 9 wherein said valve actuator comprises a plunger supported in said housing.
11. The device of claim 10 wherein said valve comprises an elastomeric diaphragm normally sealing said second end but movable to an open position by said plunger.
12. The device of claim 11 wherein said plunger includes means for retaining said diaphragm in its open position.
US00288363A 1972-09-12 1972-09-12 Cryosurgical device Expired - Lifetime US3830239A (en)

Priority Applications (12)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US00288363A US3830239A (en) 1972-09-12 1972-09-12 Cryosurgical device
CA170,587A CA989633A (en) 1972-09-12 1973-05-07 Cryosurgical device
AR247890A AR195527A1 (en) 1972-09-12 1973-05-08 A DISPOSABLE INTEGRAL CRYOSURGICAL DEVICE
BR3349/73A BR7303349D0 (en) 1972-09-12 1973-05-09 COMPLETE CRYOSURGICAL APPLIANCE
IT68416/73A IT986655B (en) 1972-09-12 1973-05-16 CRYOSURGICAL INSTRUMENT
BE131615A BE800146A (en) 1972-09-12 1973-05-28 CRYOSURGICAL INSTRUMENT
LU67705A LU67705A1 (en) 1972-09-12 1973-05-30
FR7320034A FR2198725B1 (en) 1972-09-12 1973-06-01
NL7308008A NL7308008A (en) 1972-09-12 1973-06-08
JP48080778A JPS4965088A (en) 1972-09-12 1973-07-20
GB3986973A GB1438843A (en) 1972-09-12 1973-08-22 Cryosurgical device
DE2345771A DE2345771C2 (en) 1972-09-12 1973-09-11 Cryosurgical instrument

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US00288363A US3830239A (en) 1972-09-12 1972-09-12 Cryosurgical device

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US3830239A true US3830239A (en) 1974-08-20

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US (1) US3830239A (en)
JP (1) JPS4965088A (en)
AR (1) AR195527A1 (en)
BE (1) BE800146A (en)
BR (1) BR7303349D0 (en)
CA (1) CA989633A (en)
DE (1) DE2345771C2 (en)
FR (1) FR2198725B1 (en)
GB (1) GB1438843A (en)
IT (1) IT986655B (en)
LU (1) LU67705A1 (en)
NL (1) NL7308008A (en)

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US20080027419A1 (en) * 2006-07-25 2008-01-31 Ams Research Corporation Cryoprobe with Integral Agent Delivery Device
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US20080221561A1 (en) * 2005-07-18 2008-09-11 Jorg Geiger Spray Device for Dispensing a Cooling Fluid
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NL7308008A (en) 1974-03-14
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GB1438843A (en) 1976-06-09

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