US3841219A - Decoy rounds for counter measures system - Google Patents

Decoy rounds for counter measures system Download PDF

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Publication number
US3841219A
US3841219A US00555641A US55564166A US3841219A US 3841219 A US3841219 A US 3841219A US 00555641 A US00555641 A US 00555641A US 55564166 A US55564166 A US 55564166A US 3841219 A US3841219 A US 3841219A
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decoy
round
charge
igniting
explosive
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US00555641A
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G Schillreff
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General Dynamics Corp
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General Dynamics Corp
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63G—OFFENSIVE OR DEFENSIVE ARRANGEMENTS ON VESSELS; MINE-LAYING; MINE-SWEEPING; SUBMARINES; AIRCRAFT CARRIERS
    • B63G9/00—Other offensive or defensive arrangements on vessels against submarines, torpedoes, or mines
    • B63G9/02—Means for protecting vessels against torpedo attack
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F41—WEAPONS
    • F41H—ARMOUR; ARMOURED TURRETS; ARMOURED OR ARMED VEHICLES; MEANS OF ATTACK OR DEFENCE, e.g. CAMOUFLAGE, IN GENERAL
    • F41H11/00—Defence installations; Defence devices
    • F41H11/02—Anti-aircraft or anti-guided missile or anti-torpedo defence installations or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/56—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies
    • F42B12/70—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing discrete solid bodies for dispensing radar chaff or infrared material
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G01—MEASURING; TESTING
    • G01S—RADIO DIRECTION-FINDING; RADIO NAVIGATION; DETERMINING DISTANCE OR VELOCITY BY USE OF RADIO WAVES; LOCATING OR PRESENCE-DETECTING BY USE OF THE REFLECTION OR RERADIATION OF RADIO WAVES; ANALOGOUS ARRANGEMENTS USING OTHER WAVES
    • G01S7/00—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00
    • G01S7/02—Details of systems according to groups G01S13/00, G01S15/00, G01S17/00 of systems according to group G01S13/00
    • G01S7/38—Jamming means, e.g. producing false echoes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/60—Jamming involving special techniques
    • H04K3/65—Jamming involving special techniques using deceptive jamming or spoofing, e.g. transmission of false signals for premature triggering of RCIED, for forced connection or disconnection to/from a network or for generation of dummy target signal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/60—Jamming involving special techniques
    • H04K3/68—Jamming involving special techniques using passive jamming, e.g. by shielding or reflection
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K3/00—Jamming of communication; Counter-measures
    • H04K3/80—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by its function
    • H04K3/82—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by its function related to preventing surveillance, interception or detection
    • H04K3/825—Jamming or countermeasure characterized by its function related to preventing surveillance, interception or detection by jamming
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K2203/00—Jamming of communication; Countermeasures
    • H04K2203/10—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application
    • H04K2203/14—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application for the transfer of light or images, e.g. for video-surveillance, for television or from a computer screen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K2203/00—Jamming of communication; Countermeasures
    • H04K2203/10—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application
    • H04K2203/22—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application for communication related to vehicles
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H04—ELECTRIC COMMUNICATION TECHNIQUE
    • H04K—SECRET COMMUNICATION; JAMMING OF COMMUNICATION
    • H04K2203/00—Jamming of communication; Countermeasures
    • H04K2203/10—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application
    • H04K2203/24—Jamming or countermeasure used for a particular application for communication related to weapons

Definitions

  • ABSTRACT This disclosure relates to decoy rounds for launching Related Apphcatlon Data from launcher systems which may be installed aboard [62] of 3891525 Aug 1964- a ship or the like, orwhich may be of a portable type.
  • the decoy rounds provide a protective cover for craft Q -J l92W 3 11 i such as war ships, against homing devices operating [51] Int. Cl.
  • the decoy rounds contain one or more bundles of either RF chaff, infrared energy creating pel- [561 References C'ted lets, or bubble creating pellets, or any combination UNITED STATES PATENTS thereof, and are provided with a launch charge and a 3,049,080 8/1962 Scherniuly l02/37.6 dispersion Charge for each Of the bundles of y 3,064,575 ll/l962 Schermuly lO2/37.6 material therein.
  • This invention relates to countermeasures systems, and mbre particularly to a system for providing a protective cover for war ships against homing and/or fire control devices operating upon infrared or microwavereflected energy.
  • This invention is directed to a system for dispensing infrared and/or microwave-reflected energy by firing a projectile or a plurality thereof from ships or the like which carries the energy sources and dispenses the same at a predetermined point in time or position along its trajectory or path of travel whereby these additional energy sources confuse the sensor system of the incoming missile and divert it from its intended target.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a countermeasure system for providing a protection cover for craft against homing and/or fire control devices operating upon infrared or microwave-reflected energy.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a countermeasure system including means for dispensing infrared and/or microwave-reflected energy sources for confusing the homing devices.
  • FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a craft utilizing the invention
  • FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the decoy launcher of the invention
  • FIG. 3 is a view partially in cross-section of a decoy round of the invention.
  • FIG. 4 is a view partially in cross-section of decoy round for sonar applications.
  • FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the invention.
  • This invention broadly relates to a system for providing a protective cover for craft such as war ships against homing devices operating upon infrared on microwavereflected energy.
  • the warship is provided with decoy launchers which fire a round containing chaff and infrared pellets into the area surrounding the vessel, the chaff being of three bands x, s, and c and being adapted to form an artificial cloud which can be intermittently. illuminated by shipboard radar.
  • the cover devices are operated from a countermeasure control console.
  • FIG. 1 shows a warship incorporating a fast reaction fighting system (FRFS) which includes sensors, computers, launchers, and missiles for effectively conducting anti-air and antisurface ship combat.
  • FRFS fast reaction fighting system
  • a modern volume scanning radar indicated generally at ll is employed as the primary input.
  • Target information from the primary radar 11 is processed for display by a digital computer (not shown).
  • Target tracks and predicted tracks as gener ated in the digital computer are used to analyze the battle situation.
  • the same track predictions from the digital computer are used to provide information for aiming target illuminators, for aiming a missile launcher 12, and for generating prelaunch instructions for the missile which may be of the Tartar guided missile class.
  • a countermeasures/counter-countermeasures control center is included. All enemy countermeasurestECM) information is collected and displayed at this control display console. The operator then has the option of selecting the optimum counter-countermeasures (CCM) mode for the equipment being jammed, or alternately, to esallow a flexible reaction to changing enemy tactics and strategies. Information concerning the enemys jamming and the general tactical situation is fed to a central point. Analysis of this information allows a rapid determination of the best strategy. A combination of multiple receivers, decoys, and RF jamming transmitters allows facilitation of the selected strategy.
  • CCM counter-countermeasures
  • the CM portion of the system is designed to deceive, confuse, and/or deny information to the enemy.
  • the CCM portion of the system is designed to gain information the enemy is trying to conceal.
  • the CM operator has the option of trying to deceive, confuse or deny information to the enemy by the use of the following techniques:
  • c. Multiple target response can be transmittergenerated.
  • Confusion a. Conical scan inversion responses can be trans mitted.
  • Range gate-stealing or track-breaking modulated RF can be transmitted. 0. With consort ship cooperation, blinking of jammers of each type can be produced. 3.
  • Denial a. Selective, programmedor responsive barrage jamming can be provided.
  • Spot, multi-spot or enhanced multi-spot jamming can be provided.
  • smoke generators for visual denial are available.
  • Directional antennas can be employed on the intership link (aimed by track information from central computer).
  • the CCM operator has a number of ways to gain information the enemy is trying to conceal. These methods can be grouped into those based on frequency diversity, geometry, burn-through, or the use of homeon-jamming.
  • This invention is directed primarily to the countermeasure (CM) system of the fast reaction fighting system (FRFS) and specifically to the deception techniques utilizing infrared and RF chaff decoys which can be enhanced by RF illuminators.
  • Ship is provided with a plurality of multicell mortar type decoy dispensers or launchers 13 (shown in detail in FIG. 2). As shown in FIG. 1, dispensers or launchers 13 are mounted starboard and port in the forward end of main superstructure l4 and on the outboard thereof (only the starboard outboard launcher being shown). Launchers 13 may also be positioned in the aft portion of ship 10. Each launcher is operatively connected into the firing circuit connectors and the intervalometer (not shown). Data as to number of rounds fired is automatically displayed on the CM control console launcher status panel (not shown). Fail safe and automatic protection for the magazine handling crew isprovided.
  • CM countermeasure
  • FRFS fast reaction fighting system
  • Launcher or dispenser 13 as shown in FIG. 2, comprises a mounting base 15 and a disposable launcher portion 16, portion 16 being provided with a plurality of mortar-like cells 17. Each of cells 17 is adapted to fire decoy rounds 18 shown and described with respect to FIG. 3.
  • decoy rounds 18 are combination chaff and infrared rounds, the chaff being radiant energy-reflecting metallic particles such as aluminum, for example, which are quickly and widely scattered so that an effective radar target is promptly obtained.
  • Rounds 18 are self-contained mortar-type projectiles.
  • Each round 18 carries two (2) C-, S-, and X-band chaff bundles 19, a bundle of infrared (sodium or potassium pellets) candles 20, a launch charge 21, three (3) expelling charges 22 for bundles l9 and 20, and necessary wiring all contained within a casing 23.
  • a separator plate 24 is positioned between an expelling charge 22 and the adjacent decoy bundle; while a plate 25 separates the launch charge 21 from the wiring connections adjacent the aft separator plate 24.
  • the decoy rounds 18 are electrically fired by the CM controller as individual rounds, in intervalometer timed automatic sequences, or as massive simultaneous launches where all fore, aft, port and starboard rounds are fired simultaneously. Each round is automatically fused at launch to fire the chaff and infrared bundles 19 and 20 at or near the apogee of the flight path or at a preset altitude. The individual expelling or powder charges between each bundle are fired to separate and deploy the payload.
  • Each decoy round 18 produces a radar and infrared target similar to the launching ship 10.
  • decoy rounds 18 having been fired from launchers 13 of ship 10 disintegrate by the explosion of charges 22 and disperse the chaff 19 and infrared candles 20 at a predetermined distance from the ship where the chaff spreads due to the air currents, and creates microwave or infrared-sensing targets thereby providing a deceptive countermeasure system against an impending attack.
  • the round 18 comprises a propellant charge attached to a decoy cartridge casing 31.
  • Casing 31 contains ballast material 32, a sub-surface load chamber 33, an above-surface load chamber 34, a delay fuse 35 interconnecting chambers 33 and 34, a fuze initiator 36, a delay fuze 37 interconnecting initiator 36 and chamber 34, an electric squib 38 operatively connected with initiator 36, a fuze 39 interconnecting propellant charge 30 with initiator 36, a fuze 40 interconnecting delay fuzes 35 and 37, and electric wiring 41 connected to squib 38.
  • Wiring 41 is removably connected to electrical leads 42 which extend into casing 31 and which are connected with a battery 43 through a switch 44 and electronic apparatus 45.
  • Sub-surface load chamber 33 includes a dispensing explosive charge 46 which is adapted to be fired by a fuze 47 connected with delay fuze 35, a pair of lithium hydroxide capsule containers 48, and a lithium powder container 49.
  • the above-surface load chamber 34 includes a dispensing explosive charge 50 which is adapted to be fired by fuze 40, and a pair of lithium hydroxide capsule containers 51.
  • closing of switch 44 directs electrical energy from battery 43 through leads 42 and wires 41 to the electric squib 38 which activates fuze initiator 36 which ignites fuze 39 and delay fuze 37.
  • Ignition of fuze 39 fires the propellant charge 30 which propells the round 18' from launcher or dispenser 13 into a predetermined trajectory.
  • delay fuze 37 ignites fuze 40 which in turn ignites the dispensing explosive charge 50 which disintegrates containers 51 and dispenses the lithium hydroxide capsules above the surface of the water.
  • Ignition of fuze 40 also ignites delay fuze 35.
  • the remainder of the round namely, chamber 33 and ballast 32 enters the water while delay fuze 35 is burning.
  • fuze 47 which in turn ignites the dispensing explosive charge 46 which disintegrates containers 48 and 49 and dispenses the lithium hydroxide capsules and the lithium powder under the surface of the water, thus generating bubbles in the water for sonar deception.
  • the control system of the invention as shown in FIG. 5 comprises a control center or console which controls the operation of decoy dispenser or launcher 13 TWT 61 and antenna 62 corresponds discretely in frequency and phase with that being received from enemy radars, as presently described. The effect will be equivalent to multiple-blinking coherent jammers which will provide a curtain of confusion in front or surrounding the ship.
  • the transmitted RF energy to the TWT 61 is modulated by modulator 63.
  • Signals from an invader or target 64 are received by primary radar ll, processed v through an RF receiver 65 to a plan position indicator (PPI) 66, whereby a visual indication of the invader 64 is observed at the control center or console 60.
  • PPI plan position indicator
  • a signal of an approaching invader or target 64 is received by the primary radar 11, it is processed through RF receiver 65to the plan position indicator 66 of control console 60.
  • the controller or operator at the console 60 determines the type of countermeasures necessary and if the deceptive technique is to be utilized the controller activates the dispenser or launcher 13 to fire decoy rounds 18 and/or 18' as individual rounds in automatic sequence, or all fore, aft, port and starboard rounds fired simultaneously, or any combination thereof.
  • the RF chaff 19 can be intermittently illuminated by the TWT 61 through antenna 62 at an energy levelwhich corresponds discretely in frequency and phase with the signal received from invader or target 64.
  • the enemy sensor picks up blips from each illuminated bundle thereby confusing the homing system and diverting the invader from its initial course and proposed target.
  • the infrared decoy bundles 20 similarly function to confuse an approaching invader utilizing a homing system sensitive to infrared energy.
  • the invention has been described with respect to a ship incorporating the fast reaction fighting system, it may be utilized on any type of ship or the launcher and rounds may be of the portable type and thus utilized in a variety of applications.
  • the FIG. 4 embodiment may be of the same general configuration as the FIG. 3 embodiment.
  • the rounds may contain only infrared, sonar, or microwave-reflecting decoys or any combination thereof.
  • this invention provides an effective and yet relatively simple and inexpensive countermeasure system for providing a protective cover for craft, such as war ships, against homing devices operating upon infrared or microwave-reflected energy. While the invention has been illustrated and described with respect to a war ship, it can be effectively used for any land, sea or air vehicle requiring protection from homing devices operating on infrared or microwave-reflected energy.
  • a decoy round adapted to be fired from a launcher comprising: a launch charge, a plurality of RF chaff bundles, a bundle containing material capable of creating infrared'energy, and a plurality of explosive charges for individually dispersing said bundles.
  • a decoy round for sonar confusion comprising: means'for launching said round, means for dispensing a portion of said round above surface of the water, means for sinking the remainder of said round beneath the water surface, and means for dispensing the remainder of said round beneath the water surface, said round including means capable of creating a sonar siguii reflector.
  • said means for launching said round includes a propellant charge and a fuze means for igniting said charge; wherein said round dispensing means includes a pair of explosive charges and fuze means, said last mentioned fuze means includes a pair of delay fuzes and a pair of fuzes for igniting said pair of explosive charges, one of said delay fuzes interconnecting said explosive charge igniting fuzes, the other of said delay fuzes and said material in each of said portions of said round includes at least an; amount of lithium hydroxide, whereby contact of said lithium hydroxide with water generates bubbles.
  • a decoy round adapted to be fired from a launcher comprising: a launch charge, means for igniting said launch charge, dispersible decoy material, explosive material for dispersing said decoy material, fuse means for igniting said explosive material, and means for substantially simultaneously actuating said launch charge igniting meansand said explosive material igniting fuse means,

Abstract

This disclosure relates to decoy rounds for launching from launcher systems which may be installed aboard a ship or the like, or which may be of a portable type. The decoy rounds provide a protective cover for craft such as war ships, against homing devices operating upon infrared or microwave-reflected energy or against craft utilizing sound navigation and ranging systems. The decoy rounds contain one or more bundles of either RF chaff, infrared energy creating pellets, or bubble creating pellets, or any combination thereof, and are provided with a launch charge and a dispersion charge for each of the bundles of decoy material therein.

Description

DECOY ROUNDS FOR COUNTER MEASURES SYSTEM 1451 Oct. 15,1974
3,229,291 l/l966 DellAria et al. 343/18 OTHER PUBLICATIONS [75] Inventor: George H. Schillreff, Glendora, Underseas Technology; VOL 4, N0 4, P H Apr Cahf. 1963 [73] Assignee: General Dynamics Corporation,
Pomona, Calif- Primary Examiner-Robert F. Stahl [22] Filed: Apr. 25, 1966 1211 Appl. No.: 555,641 [57] ABSTRACT This disclosure relates to decoy rounds for launching Related Apphcatlon Data from launcher systems which may be installed aboard [62] of 3891525 Aug 1964- a ship or the like, orwhich may be of a portable type. The decoy rounds provide a protective cover for craft Q -J l92W 3 11 i such as war ships, against homing devices operating [51] Int. Cl. H04k 3/00 upon infrared or microwave reflected energy or [58] Field of Search lO2/34.4, 37.6, 49, 63; against Craft utilizing Sound navigation and ranging 340/5i343/18 systems. The decoy rounds contain one or more bundles of either RF chaff, infrared energy creating pel- [561 References C'ted lets, or bubble creating pellets, or any combination UNITED STATES PATENTS thereof, and are provided with a launch charge and a 3,049,080 8/1962 Scherniuly l02/37.6 dispersion Charge for each Of the bundles of y 3,064,575 ll/l962 Schermuly lO2/37.6 material therein. 3,093,107 6/1963 Grand et al 340/5 3,137,231 6/1964 Johnson 102/63 x 10 Clams, 5 Dl'flwlng Flglll'es 1 2i. 45f I PAtiminnmsim sum 10F 3 Rf 19 l [In/F4 rear 20 Iva Erma rfam.
'DECOY ROUNDS FOR COUNTER MEASURES SYSTEM This application is a divisional application of US.
- Pat. application Ser. No. 389,525, filed Aug. I2, 1964,
and assigned to the same assignee.
This invention relates to countermeasures systems, and mbre particularly to a system for providing a protective cover for war ships against homing and/or fire control devices operating upon infrared or microwavereflected energy.
It is well known that many missiles are capable of homing on objects which emit infrared or microwavereflected energy. If there is more than one energy radiating object within the homing cone of the missile, the point it will target on will depend on the intensity, distance to, and distribution of the several energy sources. This invention is directed to a system for dispensing infrared and/or microwave-reflected energy by firing a projectile or a plurality thereof from ships or the like which carries the energy sources and dispenses the same at a predetermined point in time or position along its trajectory or path of travel whereby these additional energy sources confuse the sensor system of the incoming missile and divert it from its intended target.
Therefore, it is an object of this invention to provide a countermeasure system.
Another object of the invention is to provide a countermeasure system for providing a protection cover for craft against homing and/or fire control devices operating upon infrared or microwave-reflected energy.
Another object of the invention is to provide a countermeasure system including means for dispensing infrared and/or microwave-reflected energy sources for confusing the homing devices.
These and other objects of the invention will become readily apparent from the following description and accompanying drawings wherein:
FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a craft utilizing the invention;
FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the decoy launcher of the invention;
FIG. 3 is a view partially in cross-section of a decoy round of the invention;
FIG. 4 is a view partially in cross-section of decoy round for sonar applications; and
FIG. 5 is a block diagram illustrating the invention.
This invention broadly relates to a system for providing a protective cover for craft such as war ships against homing devices operating upon infrared on microwavereflected energy. Specifically, the warship is provided with decoy launchers which fire a round containing chaff and infrared pellets into the area surrounding the vessel, the chaff being of three bands x, s, and c and being adapted to form an artificial cloud which can be intermittently. illuminated by shipboard radar. The cover devices are operated from a countermeasure control console.
Referring now to the drawings, FIG. 1 shows a warship incorporating a fast reaction fighting system (FRFS) which includes sensors, computers, launchers, and missiles for effectively conducting anti-air and antisurface ship combat. A modern volume scanning radar indicated generally at ll is employed as the primary input. Target information from the primary radar 11 is processed for display by a digital computer (not shown). Target tracks and predicted tracks as gener ated in the digital computer are used to analyze the battle situation. In addition to providing the information for data displays, the same track predictions from the digital computer are used to provide information for aiming target illuminators, for aiming a missile launcher 12, and for generating prelaunch instructions for the missile which may be of the Tartar guided missile class.
To maintain the fighting ability of the FRFS in a heavy countermeasures environment, a countermeasures/counter-countermeasures control center is included. All enemy countermeasurestECM) information is collected and displayed at this control display console. The operator then has the option of selecting the optimum counter-countermeasures (CCM) mode for the equipment being jammed, or alternately, to esallow a flexible reaction to changing enemy tactics and strategies. Information concerning the enemys jamming and the general tactical situation is fed to a central point. Analysis of this information allows a rapid determination of the best strategy. A combination of multiple receivers, decoys, and RF jamming transmitters allows facilitation of the selected strategy.
The CM portion of the system is designed to deceive, confuse, and/or deny information to the enemy. The CCM portion of the system is designed to gain information the enemy is trying to conceal.
The CM operator has the option of trying to deceive, confuse or deny information to the enemy by the use of the following techniques:
1. Deception a. Chaff and infrared decoys can be launched. b. The decoys can be enhanced by RF illuminators.
c. Multiple target response can be transmittergenerated. 2. Confusion a. Conical scan inversion responses can be trans mitted. b. Range gate-stealing or track-breaking modulated RF can be transmitted. 0. With consort ship cooperation, blinking of jammers of each type can be produced. 3. Denial a. Selective, programmedor responsive barrage jamming can be provided. b. Spot, multi-spot or enhanced multi-spot jamming can be provided. c. Smoke generators for visual denial are available.
d. Many chaff decoys can be launched toward the enemy to screen and prevent radar penetration.
e. Directional antennas can be employed on the intership link (aimed by track information from central computer).
The CCM operator has a number of ways to gain information the enemy is trying to conceal. These methods can be grouped into those based on frequency diversity, geometry, burn-through, or the use of homeon-jamming.
l. Diversity a. Radar receivers b. Stabilized optical sight 2. Geometry 21. Directional antennas of known pattern on each radar receiver.
b. Two servo-driven parabolic dish antennas (port and starboard).
c. Angular information on jammers from consort ship allowing triangulation.
3. Burn-through a. Long pulse burn-through mode on primary 3D radar.
b. Can use maximum power (flight time duty factor) from single illuminator.
4. Home-on-Jam a. The Tartar missiles Home-on-Jam" mode will allow destruction of X-band jamming targets within range.
This invention is directed primarily to the countermeasure (CM) system of the fast reaction fighting system (FRFS) and specifically to the deception techniques utilizing infrared and RF chaff decoys which can be enhanced by RF illuminators. Ship is provided with a plurality of multicell mortar type decoy dispensers or launchers 13 (shown in detail in FIG. 2). As shown in FIG. 1, dispensers or launchers 13 are mounted starboard and port in the forward end of main superstructure l4 and on the outboard thereof (only the starboard outboard launcher being shown). Launchers 13 may also be positioned in the aft portion of ship 10. Each launcher is operatively connected into the firing circuit connectors and the intervalometer (not shown). Data as to number of rounds fired is automatically displayed on the CM control console launcher status panel (not shown). Fail safe and automatic protection for the magazine handling crew isprovided.
Launcher or dispenser 13, as shown in FIG. 2, comprises a mounting base 15 and a disposable launcher portion 16, portion 16 being provided with a plurality of mortar-like cells 17. Each of cells 17 is adapted to fire decoy rounds 18 shown and described with respect to FIG. 3.
As shown in FIG. 3, decoy rounds 18 are combination chaff and infrared rounds, the chaff being radiant energy-reflecting metallic particles such as aluminum, for example, which are quickly and widely scattered so that an effective radar target is promptly obtained. Rounds 18 are self-contained mortar-type projectiles. Each round 18 carries two (2) C-, S-, and X-band chaff bundles 19, a bundle of infrared (sodium or potassium pellets) candles 20, a launch charge 21, three (3) expelling charges 22 for bundles l9 and 20, and necessary wiring all contained within a casing 23. A separator plate 24 is positioned between an expelling charge 22 and the adjacent decoy bundle; while a plate 25 separates the launch charge 21 from the wiring connections adjacent the aft separator plate 24. The decoy rounds 18 are electrically fired by the CM controller as individual rounds, in intervalometer timed automatic sequences, or as massive simultaneous launches where all fore, aft, port and starboard rounds are fired simultaneously. Each round is automatically fused at launch to fire the chaff and infrared bundles 19 and 20 at or near the apogee of the flight path or at a preset altitude. The individual expelling or powder charges between each bundle are fired to separate and deploy the payload. Each decoy round 18 produces a radar and infrared target similar to the launching ship 10.
As shown in FIG. 1, decoy rounds 18 having been fired from launchers 13 of ship 10 disintegrate by the explosion of charges 22 and disperse the chaff 19 and infrared candles 20 at a predetermined distance from the ship where the chaff spreads due to the air currents, and creates microwave or infrared-sensing targets thereby providing a deceptive countermeasure system against an impending attack.
Referring now to FIG. 4, an embodiment of a decoy round 18' is provided for applications above and beneath the water. The round 18 comprises a propellant charge attached to a decoy cartridge casing 31. Casing 31 contains ballast material 32, a sub-surface load chamber 33, an above-surface load chamber 34, a delay fuse 35 interconnecting chambers 33 and 34, a fuze initiator 36, a delay fuze 37 interconnecting initiator 36 and chamber 34, an electric squib 38 operatively connected with initiator 36, a fuze 39 interconnecting propellant charge 30 with initiator 36, a fuze 40 interconnecting delay fuzes 35 and 37, and electric wiring 41 connected to squib 38. Wiring 41 is removably connected to electrical leads 42 which extend into casing 31 and which are connected with a battery 43 through a switch 44 and electronic apparatus 45. Sub-surface load chamber 33 includes a dispensing explosive charge 46 which is adapted to be fired by a fuze 47 connected with delay fuze 35, a pair of lithium hydroxide capsule containers 48, and a lithium powder container 49. The above-surface load chamber 34 includes a dispensing explosive charge 50 which is adapted to be fired by fuze 40, and a pair of lithium hydroxide capsule containers 51.
In operation, closing of switch 44 directs electrical energy from battery 43 through leads 42 and wires 41 to the electric squib 38 which activates fuze initiator 36 which ignites fuze 39 and delay fuze 37. Ignition of fuze 39 fires the propellant charge 30 which propells the round 18' from launcher or dispenser 13 into a predetermined trajectory. At a certain point in the trajectory of the round, delay fuze 37 ignites fuze 40 which in turn ignites the dispensing explosive charge 50 which disintegrates containers 51 and dispenses the lithium hydroxide capsules above the surface of the water. Ignition of fuze 40 also ignites delay fuze 35. The remainder of the round, namely, chamber 33 and ballast 32 enters the water while delay fuze 35 is burning. At a predetermined time after the chamber 33 enters the water delay fuze 35 ignites fuze 47 which in turn ignites the dispensing explosive charge 46 which disintegrates containers 48 and 49 and dispenses the lithium hydroxide capsules and the lithium powder under the surface of the water, thus generating bubbles in the water for sonar deception.
The control system of the invention as shown in FIG. 5 comprises a control center or console which controls the operation of decoy dispenser or launcher 13 TWT 61 and antenna 62 corresponds discretely in frequency and phase with that being received from enemy radars, as presently described. The effect will be equivalent to multiple-blinking coherent jammers which will provide a curtain of confusion in front or surrounding the ship. The transmitted RF energy to the TWT 61 is modulated by modulator 63. Signals from an invader or target 64 are received by primary radar ll, processed v through an RF receiver 65 to a plan position indicator (PPI) 66, whereby a visual indication of the invader 64 is observed at the control center or console 60.
In operation, when a signal of an approaching invader or target 64 is received by the primary radar 11, it is processed through RF receiver 65to the plan position indicator 66 of control console 60. The controller or operator at the console 60 determines the type of countermeasures necessary and if the deceptive technique is to be utilized the controller activates the dispenser or launcher 13 to fire decoy rounds 18 and/or 18' as individual rounds in automatic sequence, or all fore, aft, port and starboard rounds fired simultaneously, or any combination thereof. Firing of decoys 18, for example, dispenses RF chaff bundles l9 and infrared bundles (see FIG. 3) as shown in FIG. I which spread out due to wind currents, etc. On command from control console 60, the RF chaff 19 can be intermittently illuminated by the TWT 61 through antenna 62 at an energy levelwhich corresponds discretely in frequency and phase with the signal received from invader or target 64. Thus as the plurality of dispersed RF chaff bundles 19 are illuminated the enemy sensor picks up blips from each illuminated bundle thereby confusing the homing system and diverting the invader from its initial course and proposed target. The infrared decoy bundles 20 similarly function to confuse an approaching invader utilizing a homing system sensitive to infrared energy.
While the invention has been described with respect to a ship incorporating the fast reaction fighting system, it may be utilized on any type of ship or the launcher and rounds may be of the portable type and thus utilized in a variety of applications. Also, the FIG. 4 embodiment may be of the same general configuration as the FIG. 3 embodiment. In addition, the rounds may contain only infrared, sonar, or microwave-reflecting decoys or any combination thereof.
It has thus been shown that this invention provides an effective and yet relatively simple and inexpensive countermeasure system for providing a protective cover for craft, such as war ships, against homing devices operating upon infrared or microwave-reflected energy. While the invention has been illustrated and described with respect to a war ship, it can be effectively used for any land, sea or air vehicle requiring protection from homing devices operating on infrared or microwave-reflected energy.
While particular embodiments have been illustrated and described, modifications thereof will bereadily apparent to personsskilled in the art, and it is intended to cover. in the appended claims all such modifications ascome within the spirit and scope of the invention.
What I claim is:
1. A decoy round adapted to be fired from a launcher comprising: a launch charge, a plurality of RF chaff bundles, a bundle containing material capable of creating infrared'energy, and a plurality of explosive charges for individually dispersing said bundles.
2. The decoy round defined in claim I, wherein said launch charge, said plurality of RF chaff bundles, said bundle containing material capable of creating infrared energy, and said plurality of explosive chargesare positioned longitudinally within a housing, said plurality of explosive charges being separated from one another by one of said bundles.
3. A decoy round for sonar confusion comprising: means'for launching said round, means for dispensing a portion of said round above surface of the water, means for sinking the remainder of said round beneath the water surface, and means for dispensing the remainder of said round beneath the water surface, said round including means capable of creating a sonar siguii reflector. j
4. The decoy round defined in claim 3, wherein said means for launching said round includes a propellant charge and a fuze means for igniting said charge; wherein said round dispensing means includes a pair of explosive charges and fuze means, said last mentioned fuze means includes a pair of delay fuzes and a pair of fuzes for igniting said pair of explosive charges, one of said delay fuzes interconnecting said explosive charge igniting fuzes, the other of said delay fuzes and said material in each of said portions of said round includes at least an; amount of lithium hydroxide, whereby contact of said lithium hydroxide with water generates bubbles.
6. The decoy round defined in claim 3, wherein said material in at least said portion of said round dispensed under water includes at least lithium powder.
7. A decoy round adapted to be fired from a launcher comprising: a launch charge, means for igniting said launch charge, dispersible decoy material, explosive material for dispersing said decoy material, fuse means for igniting said explosive material, and means for substantially simultaneously actuating said launch charge igniting meansand said explosive material igniting fuse means,
8. The decoy round defined in claim 7, wherein said dispersible decoy material includes at least one bundle containing RF'chaff.
9. The decoy round defined in claim 7, wherein said dispersible decoy material includes at least one bundle containing material capable of creating infrared energy.
10. The decoy round defined in claim 7, wherein said dispersible decoy material includes at least one bundle containing means capable of creating a sonar signal reflector.

Claims (10)

1. A decoy round adapted to be fired from a launcher comprising: a launch charge, a plurality of RF chaff bundles, a bundle containing material capable of creating infrared energy, and a plurality of explosive charges for individually dispersing said bundles.
2. The decoy round defined in claim 1, wherein said launch charge, said plurality of RF chaff bundles, said bundle containing material capable of creating infrared energy, and said plurality of explosive charges are positioned longitudinally within a housing, said plurality of explosive charges being separated from one another by one of said bundles.
3. A decoy round for sonar confusion comprising: means for launching said round, means for dispensing a portion of said round above surface of the water, means for sinking the remainder of said round beneath the water surface, and means for dispensing the remainder of said round beneath the water surface, said round including means capable of creating a sonar signal relector.
4. The decoy round defined in claim 3, wherein said means for launching said round includes a propellant charge and a fuze means for igniting said charge; wherein said round dispensing means includes a pair of explosive charges and fuze means, said last mentioned fuze means includes a pair of delay fuzes and a pair of fuzes for igniting said pair of explosive charges, one of said delay fuzes interconnecting said explosive charge igniting fuzes, the other of said delay fuzes and said propellant charge igniting fuze means being operatively connected such that each are activated substantially simultaneously.
5. The decoy round defined in claim 3, wherein said material in each of said portions of said round includes at least an amount of lithium hydroxide, whereby contact of said lithium hydroxide with water generates bubbles.
6. The decoy round defined in claim 3, wherein said material in at least said portion of said round dispensed under water includes at least lithium powder.
7. A decoy round adapted to be fired from a launcher comprising: a launch charge, means for igniting said launch charge, dispersible decoy material, explosive material for dispersing said decoy material, fuse means for igniting said explosive material, and means for substantially simultaneously actuating said launch charge igniting means and said explosive material igniting fuse means.
8. The decoy round defined in claim 7, wherein said dispersible decoy material includes at least one bundle containing RF chaff.
9. The decoy round defined in claim 7, wherein said dispersible decoy material includes at least one bundle containing material capable of creating infrared energy.
10. The decoy round defined in claim 7, wherein said dispersible decoy material includes at least one bundle containing means capable of creating a sonar signal reflector.
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US4019421A (en) * 1974-11-22 1977-04-26 U.S. Philips Corporation Arrangement for selective firing of so-called IR-torches
US4060435A (en) * 1974-07-11 1977-11-29 Dow Corning Corporation Floatable incendiary composition
US4069762A (en) * 1975-01-29 1978-01-24 Societe E. Lacroix Emissive decoys
US4171669A (en) * 1978-02-13 1979-10-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Decoy flare
US4222306A (en) * 1977-03-07 1980-09-16 Societe E. Lacroix Decoy-launching packs for foiling guided weapon systems
FR2521716A1 (en) * 1982-02-17 1983-08-19 Lacroix E MULTI-LOAD ELECTROMAGNETIC LURE LAUNCHER CARTRIDGE
US4498392A (en) * 1981-06-03 1985-02-12 Etienne Lacroix - Tous Artifices Infrared decoy launching device to be deployed rapidly with a double safety device
US4621579A (en) * 1984-06-12 1986-11-11 Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke Gmbh & Co. Device for producing a decoy cloud, in particular an infrared decoy cloud
EP0204115A2 (en) * 1985-04-26 1986-12-10 Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke GmbH & Co. Projectile for emitting IR radiation
US4838167A (en) * 1973-11-30 1989-06-13 Firma Buck Kg Method and device for protection of targets against approaching projectiles, which projectiles are provided with infrared-sensitive target finders
US5074218A (en) * 1989-08-18 1991-12-24 Joseph Castro Grenade with dual fuses for simulating small arms fire
US5117731A (en) * 1991-11-04 1992-06-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Tactical acoustic decoy
US5143007A (en) * 1989-03-16 1992-09-01 Gunther Laukien Method of operating submerged submarines and submarine
EP0512202A2 (en) * 1991-05-10 1992-11-11 Buck Werke GmbH & Co Method for protecting an IR-radiation emitting object and projectile for putting this method in practice
US5212488A (en) * 1992-01-21 1993-05-18 Konotchick John A Ellipsoidal chaff
US5602362A (en) * 1981-12-11 1997-02-11 Lacroix Soc E Electromagnetic decoy with delayed ejection
US5661257A (en) * 1996-01-16 1997-08-26 Thiokol Corporation Multispectral covert target marker
EP0805333A2 (en) * 1996-05-03 1997-11-05 Buck Werke GmbH & Co Method for creating a decoy target
US5703314A (en) * 1996-11-20 1997-12-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Infrared projector countermeasure system
FR2769580A1 (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-04-16 Lacroix Soc E Decoy for wake-tracking torpedoes
US6222794B1 (en) * 1999-09-17 2001-04-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Underwater noise generator actuated by magneto-inductive/acoustic signals
GB2355783A (en) * 1999-10-27 2001-05-02 Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh IR and RF decoys
US6420992B1 (en) * 1975-08-26 2002-07-16 Martin R. Richmond On board jammer
US6429800B1 (en) * 1975-08-26 2002-08-06 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration, Inc. Expendable jammer
EP1371934A1 (en) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-17 Giat Industries Masking ammunition
EP1371935A1 (en) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-17 Giat Industries Device and ammunition for the protection of a vehicle or platform against threats
US6782826B1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2004-08-31 Metal Storm Limited Decoy
US20080148930A1 (en) * 2006-04-10 2008-06-26 Henry Roger Frick Protective device and protective measure for a radar system
GB2459526A (en) * 1994-03-15 2009-11-04 Pourdes Et Explosifs Soc Nat D Protection from attack
US20100288111A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2010-11-18 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Method and launching apparatus for protection of an object against a threat, in particular a missile, as well as munition
US20110146482A1 (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-23 Neff Daniel R Impulse cartridge
WO2022231501A1 (en) * 2021-04-26 2022-11-03 Saab Ab Electronic countermeasure cartridge arranged to be loaded into countermeasure dispenser and arranged to irradiate dispensed electromagnetically reflective material
US11549787B1 (en) 2020-01-25 2023-01-10 Alexandra Catherine McDougall System for preemptively defeating passive-infrared sensors

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Cited By (53)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4838167A (en) * 1973-11-30 1989-06-13 Firma Buck Kg Method and device for protection of targets against approaching projectiles, which projectiles are provided with infrared-sensitive target finders
US4060435A (en) * 1974-07-11 1977-11-29 Dow Corning Corporation Floatable incendiary composition
US4019421A (en) * 1974-11-22 1977-04-26 U.S. Philips Corporation Arrangement for selective firing of so-called IR-torches
US4069762A (en) * 1975-01-29 1978-01-24 Societe E. Lacroix Emissive decoys
US6429800B1 (en) * 1975-08-26 2002-08-06 Bae Systems Information And Electronic Systems Integration, Inc. Expendable jammer
US6420992B1 (en) * 1975-08-26 2002-07-16 Martin R. Richmond On board jammer
DK151516B (en) * 1977-03-07 1987-12-07 Lacroix Soc E CASSETTE FOR DISPOSAL OF ELECTROMAGNETIC DEVIATORS TO GUIDE A RADIO-MISSED MISSILE
US4222306A (en) * 1977-03-07 1980-09-16 Societe E. Lacroix Decoy-launching packs for foiling guided weapon systems
US4171669A (en) * 1978-02-13 1979-10-23 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Decoy flare
US4498392A (en) * 1981-06-03 1985-02-12 Etienne Lacroix - Tous Artifices Infrared decoy launching device to be deployed rapidly with a double safety device
US5602362A (en) * 1981-12-11 1997-02-11 Lacroix Soc E Electromagnetic decoy with delayed ejection
US4549489A (en) * 1982-02-17 1985-10-29 Societe E. Lacroix - Tous Artifices Cartridge for launching electromagnetic decoys with multiple charges
EP0086708A1 (en) * 1982-02-17 1983-08-24 Etienne Lacroix - Tous Artifices Sa Chaff dispersing cartridge containing a plurality of individual charges
FR2521716A1 (en) * 1982-02-17 1983-08-19 Lacroix E MULTI-LOAD ELECTROMAGNETIC LURE LAUNCHER CARTRIDGE
US4621579A (en) * 1984-06-12 1986-11-11 Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke Gmbh & Co. Device for producing a decoy cloud, in particular an infrared decoy cloud
EP0204115A3 (en) * 1985-04-26 1988-09-21 Chemisch-Technische Werke Gmbh & Co. Buck Projectile for emitting ir radiation
EP0204115A2 (en) * 1985-04-26 1986-12-10 Buck Chemisch-Technische Werke GmbH & Co. Projectile for emitting IR radiation
US5143007A (en) * 1989-03-16 1992-09-01 Gunther Laukien Method of operating submerged submarines and submarine
US5074218A (en) * 1989-08-18 1991-12-24 Joseph Castro Grenade with dual fuses for simulating small arms fire
EP0512202A3 (en) * 1991-05-10 1993-09-01 Buck Werke Gmbh & Co Method for protecting an ir-radiation emitting object and projectile for putting this method in practice
EP0512202A2 (en) * 1991-05-10 1992-11-11 Buck Werke GmbH & Co Method for protecting an IR-radiation emitting object and projectile for putting this method in practice
US5117731A (en) * 1991-11-04 1992-06-02 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Tactical acoustic decoy
US5212488A (en) * 1992-01-21 1993-05-18 Konotchick John A Ellipsoidal chaff
GB2459526B (en) * 1994-03-15 2010-03-31 Pourdes Et Explosifs Soc Nat D Protection from attack
GB2459526A (en) * 1994-03-15 2009-11-04 Pourdes Et Explosifs Soc Nat D Protection from attack
US5661257A (en) * 1996-01-16 1997-08-26 Thiokol Corporation Multispectral covert target marker
EP0805333A2 (en) * 1996-05-03 1997-11-05 Buck Werke GmbH & Co Method for creating a decoy target
EP0805333A3 (en) * 1996-05-03 1998-01-14 Buck Werke GmbH & Co Method for creating a decoy target
EP1026473A1 (en) 1996-05-03 2000-08-09 Buck Neue Technologien GmbH Method for creating a decoy target
US5703314A (en) * 1996-11-20 1997-12-30 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Infrared projector countermeasure system
FR2769580A1 (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-04-16 Lacroix Soc E Decoy for wake-tracking torpedoes
WO1999019207A1 (en) * 1997-10-09 1999-04-22 Etienne Lacroix Tous Artifices S.A. Decoy for countering torpedoes with resurfacing wake
US6889590B2 (en) * 1997-10-09 2005-05-10 Etienne Lacroix Tous Artifices S,A Decoy device against wake-tracking torpedoes
US6222794B1 (en) * 1999-09-17 2001-04-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Underwater noise generator actuated by magneto-inductive/acoustic signals
US6513438B1 (en) * 1999-10-27 2003-02-04 Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh Method for offering a phantom target, and decoy
GB2355783B (en) * 1999-10-27 2003-11-12 Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh Method for offering a phantom target,and decoy
GB2355783A (en) * 1999-10-27 2001-05-02 Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh IR and RF decoys
US6782826B1 (en) * 1999-11-18 2004-08-31 Metal Storm Limited Decoy
FR2840977A1 (en) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-19 Giat Ind Sa DEVICE AND MUNITION FOR PROTECTING A VEHICLE OR A FIXED PLATFORM AGAINST A THREAT
EP1371935B1 (en) 2002-06-12 2016-01-13 NEXTER Munitions Device and ammunition for the protection of a vehicle or platform against threats
EP1371935A1 (en) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-17 Giat Industries Device and ammunition for the protection of a vehicle or platform against threats
EP1371934A1 (en) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-17 Giat Industries Masking ammunition
FR2840978A1 (en) * 2002-06-12 2003-12-19 Giat Ind Sa MASKING AMMUNITION
US20080148930A1 (en) * 2006-04-10 2008-06-26 Henry Roger Frick Protective device and protective measure for a radar system
US7903019B2 (en) * 2006-04-10 2011-03-08 Rheinmetall Air Defence Ag Protective device and protective measure for a radar system
US20100288111A1 (en) * 2007-07-09 2010-11-18 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh Method and launching apparatus for protection of an object against a threat, in particular a missile, as well as munition
US20110146482A1 (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-23 Neff Daniel R Impulse cartridge
US8250979B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2012-08-28 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Multiple bay ejection device system
US8267014B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2012-09-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Multiple-bay ejection device
US8365664B2 (en) 2009-12-22 2013-02-05 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Impulse cartridge
US20110146483A1 (en) * 2009-12-22 2011-06-23 Neff Daniel R Multiple-bay ejection device
US11549787B1 (en) 2020-01-25 2023-01-10 Alexandra Catherine McDougall System for preemptively defeating passive-infrared sensors
WO2022231501A1 (en) * 2021-04-26 2022-11-03 Saab Ab Electronic countermeasure cartridge arranged to be loaded into countermeasure dispenser and arranged to irradiate dispensed electromagnetically reflective material

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