US3849801A - Protective gear with hydraulic liner - Google Patents
Protective gear with hydraulic liner Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US3849801A US3849801A US00316799A US31679972A US3849801A US 3849801 A US3849801 A US 3849801A US 00316799 A US00316799 A US 00316799A US 31679972 A US31679972 A US 31679972A US 3849801 A US3849801 A US 3849801A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- compartments
- hydraulic fluid
- compartment
- fluid
- gear
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 40
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 142
- 239000006260 foam Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 230000000116 mitigating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000004513 sizing Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000003491 array Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 abstract description 14
- 125000000391 vinyl group Chemical group [H]C([*])=C([H])[H] 0.000 abstract description 5
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 5
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 abstract description 4
- 239000000725 suspension Substances 0.000 description 15
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 7
- DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propylene glycol Chemical compound CC(O)CO DNIAPMSPPWPWGF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000000295 complement effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000005012 migration Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000013508 migration Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011148 porous material Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 244000287680 Garcinia dulcis Species 0.000 description 2
- 229920005830 Polyurethane Foam Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000013011 mating Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011496 polyurethane foam Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920001247 Reticulated foam Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 208000027418 Wounds and injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006378 damage Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 210000003414 extremity Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 230000008014 freezing Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007710 freezing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004615 ingredient Substances 0.000 description 1
- 208000014674 injury Diseases 0.000 description 1
- 210000003127 knee Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002984 plastic foam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001105 regulatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000011218 segmentation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 210000003625 skull Anatomy 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A42—HEADWEAR
- A42B—HATS; HEAD COVERINGS
- A42B3/00—Helmets; Helmet covers ; Other protective head coverings
- A42B3/04—Parts, details or accessories of helmets
- A42B3/10—Linings
- A42B3/12—Cushioning devices
- A42B3/121—Cushioning devices with at least one layer or pad containing a fluid
Definitions
- ABSTRACT Protective gear such as head gear for use in sports, industry, and the military, etc. includes a one-piece molded protective outer shell such as a helmet shell with a hydraulic energy absorbing liner which has an array of interconnected compressible vinyl walled compartments arranged around a central crown compartment with shock and energy dissipating fluid in the interconnected compartments.
- Each of the compartments is provided with a porous insert or surge mitigator of open-celled foam, which throttles fluid flow within the compartments as the compartments are compressed and deformed upon impact, thus to absorb or dissipate energy.
- the porous inserts also prevent sloshing of fluid and retain some fluid in the compartments at all times, preventing complete collapse of one 'or more compartments during impact. in
- the fluid includes hydraulic liquid.
- reticulated open-celled polyurethane foam inserts provide a throttling action to hydraulic fluid flow within the compartments. This throttling action causes a fluid pressure drop and consequent substantial energy absorption within the individual compartments as well as absorption of energy as the fluid is squeezed through the small passageways interconnectin g the compartments.
- the porous inserts in adjacent compartments obstruct flow of fluid through the passageways into the adjacent compartments.
- porous inserts or surge mitigators damp liquid flow noise of sloshing within the compartments during use and retain sufficient liquid in a compartment even when the compartments are substantially deformed to prevent complete collapse or bottorning of a compartment and thus loss of energy absorbing capability which can occur in prior art hydraulic liners.
- FIG. 1 is an exploded view of a football helmet shell with an intermediate sizing liner 'and a multicompartment hydraulic liner or suspension with surge mitigators in the liner compartments, in accordance with the invention.
- FIG. 2 is a developed plan view of the hydraulic liner shown in FIG. 1.
- FIG. 4 is an enlarged fragmentary perspective view of a portion of the hydraulic liner shown in FIGS. 1, 2 and 3 showing the hydraulic fluid inlet valve.
- FIG. 5 is an enlarged sectional view along line 55 of FIG. 2.
- FIG. 6 is a perspective view of a surge mitigator.
- the protective gear of the invention can be employed in all types of protective gear and especially head gear for sports, industry, military, etc.
- the invention is illustrated as embodied in a football helmet 10 which includes a one-piece molded helmet shell 12 (FIG. 1) made of an impact resistant plastic such as Cycolac, a sizing liner [6 and a hydraulic liner or suspension 50 provided with hydraulic fluid compartments containing foam inserts or surge mitigators 89.
- a football helmet 10 which includes a one-piece molded helmet shell 12 (FIG. 1) made of an impact resistant plastic such as Cycolac, a sizing liner [6 and a hydraulic liner or suspension 50 provided with hydraulic fluid compartments containing foam inserts or surge mitigators 89.
- the sizing liner 16 is desirably made of 'a firm but resilient plastic foam such as Ensolite to provide additional protection. Sizing liners of various thicknesses are utilized to achieve proper fitting of the helmet for each user.
- the helmet shell can also be constructed in various standard head sizes.
- the sizing liners 16 have four radially projecting segments 18, 20, 22 and 24 (FIG. 1) which diverge or increase in area radially outwardly from a central hub portion 26. When assembled inthe helmet shell l2, the adjacent edges of the segments 21, 23 abut to thus provide substantially complete coverage of the inside surface area of the helmet and the area of the helmet covering the wearers head.
- the sizing liner 16 is detachably secured to the inside surface of the helmet with front and rear soft vinyl snubbers 28 and 30 (FIG. 3) which have a hooked or U-shaped terminal extremity 32 which receives the margin 27 of the liner l6 and securely engages the lower margin 34 of the helmet.
- Tabs 31 on vinyl snubbers 28, 30 are glued or otherwise attached to the liner 16.
- Mating tape tabs such as Velcro tabs 33 can also be employed to connect with complementary tabs adhered to the inside surface of the helmet shell 12.
- the liner 16 is also provided with a plurality of tape tabs 42 arranged around the radially extending segments 18, 20, 22, 24 for detachable engagement with mating tape tabs 44 on the hydraulic liner when the hydraulic liner 50 is assembled in the helmet shell 12.
- Tape tabs 42, 44 are desirably formed of complementary Velcro fastener elements.
- the exemplified hydraulic liner or suspension 50 of the invention includes an assembly of four radially extending multi-compartment segments 60, 62, 64 and 66 (FIG. 2) with each of the segments including three compartments 68, 70 and 72.
- the multi-compartment segments diverge or increase in area radially outwardly from a central or crown compartment 73 and are complementary to the shape of the segments 18, 20, 22, 24 of the sizing liner.
- the segment 62 which spans the inside of the rear 75 of the helmet shell 12 is desirably larger in size than the other segments, thus to cover the larger rear helmet area.
- the individual compartments in each segment are arranged around central openings 76 and are interconnected by fluid passages 78.
- the compartments 72 adjacent the central or crown compartment 73 are interconnected with the central compartment 73 by fluid passages 82.
- the compartments in the liner 50 are desirably vacuum formed from one sheet of tough vinyl plastic 71 laminated to a flat backing sheet 81 of like tough vinyl plastic (FIG. by heat sealed seams 79 around the compartments and passageways 78.
- the crown compartment 73 is provided with a vinyl valve assembly 83 (FIG. 4) for introduction of a hydraulic fluid.
- the valve assembly 83 is heat sealed to the wall 84 of the com partment 83 and includes a valve member or plug 85 having an annular groove 86 which snaps into the internal shoulder 87 in the fill tube 99 to seal the crown compartment 73 when the valve plug and tube 99 are pressed together. This valve is self-closing under pressure from within compartment 73.
- a pull tab 91 facilitates separation of the plug 85 from the shoulder 87 to open the valve.
- the wall 84 which carries the valve 83 is located against the sizing liner 16 when the liner l6 and the liner 50 are assembled in the helmet to prevent accidental opening of the valve without disassembly of the liners.
- the entire valve assembly except for the tab 91 are recessed beneath the surface 84.
- a hydraulic fluid with a low freezing temperature such as a mixture of Propylene Glycol and water is contained in the compartments.
- the viscosity of this fluid is not substantially different from that of water.
- this quantity consists of eight fluid ounces each of water and Propylene Glycol, the same being completely miscible.
- each of the hydraulic fluid compartments in the hydraulic liner 50 is provided with hydraulic fluid surge mitigating and hydraulic fluid and energy absorbing means for retaining the hydraulic fluid and for impeding and throttling hydraulic fluid flow within the compartments and between compartments, thus to dissipate energy caused by an impact on the helmet and deformation or compression of one or more compartments.
- the hydraulic fluid surge mitigating means comprises reticulated open-celled foam inserts 89 which as shown in FIGS. 2 and 6 have a configuration complementary to the configuration of the cell and substantially completely occupy the volume of the interiors of the compartments.
- the surge mitigators or foam inserts.89 internally provide a multiplicity of fluid passages and fluid obstructions which throttle hydraulic fluid flow within the cell to cause a pressure drop resulting in energy absorption or dissipation within compartments.
- the foam inserts also prevent complete evacuation or loss of hydraulic fluid from a particular compartment and thus prevent bottoming out or complete collapse of the compartment or cell and thus loss of energy absorbing capability which can occur with prior art hydraulic liners.
- the foam inserts prevent sloshing of hydraulic fluid within the compartments and the disturbing noise associated with the sloshing of hydraulic fluid.
- the hydraulic fluid retaining characteristics of the foam inserts are such that even if a compartment ruptures, the hydraulic fluid loss from the ruptured compartment is minimal.
- the passageways 78 and 82 provide obstructions to hydraulic fluid flow between the compartments for a secondary energy absorption stage.
- the hydraulic fluid surge mitigators in adjacent compartments also obstruct flow between the compartments. For instance, if the compartment (FIG. 5) is compressed and hydraulic fluid is squeezed through the passageway 78 in the direction of arrow 97, the surge mitigator 89 in compartment 68 will obstruct flow at 92 of hydraulic fluid moving through passageway 78.
- the preferred foam has a density of about 0.2 lbs. /cu. ft. Hence it is very light in weighL
- the pores are so numerous that the skeletal structure of the strand material of the foam occupies only about 3 percent of the foam volume, thus leaving about 97 percent of void space available for fluid retention.
- the absorptive capacity of the foam is so great that even if a chamber is ruptured, there will only be a loss of five percent or less of the hydraulic fluid, the balance remaining absorbed in the foam insert.
- Utilization of the foam inserts makes it possible to reduce the amount of liquid in the suspension without loss of energy absorptive capability. This reduces the weight of the suspension below what would be required in the absence of the surge mitigators and reduces fatigue and annoyance otherwise experienced by the wearer.
- the fluid suspension of the present invention contains air, hydraulic fluid and the foam surge mitigators.
- the percentage mixture for a football helmet suspension containing sixteen fluid ounces of hydraulic fluid is as follows:
- Each segment 60, 62, 64, 66 has but a single channel 82 connecting it to the control compartment 73. Accordingly, .flow of hydraulic fluid out of any such segment and migration of fluid to the control compartment and thence to other segments is restricted.
- the surge mitigators tend to stabilize the hydraulic fluid in approximately equal amounts in each compartment where it is instantly available for impact and shock absorption, regardless of the altitude of the helmet or position of the wearer.
- the foam inserts act as pumps to restore hydraulic liquid to a cell foam inserts resiliently expand.
- the channels 82, 78 are formed adjacent wall 81 (FIG. 5) of the suspension. Accordingly, when the suspension is oriented in the helmet with wall 81 uppermost, as shown in FIG. 3, the channels 82, 78 will be uppermost, thus trapping hydraulic fluid in sump portionsof the compartments therebelow. This arrangement also restricts transfer of liquid from one chamber to another and helps stabilize an even distribution of the liquid throughout the suspension.
- While the invention is primarily intended for use with head gear, it is also applicable to other protective gear such as shoulder pads, shin guards, knee pads, etc.
- Protective gear comprising an outer shall, a hydraulic liner for said shell having an array of interconnected collapsible hydraulic fluid containing compartments, hydraulic fluid in said compartments, the interconnection of one compartment with another allowing displacement of hydraulic fluid from a deformed compartment to other compartments in said array, deformable highly porous hydraulic fluid surge mitigating means having substantial void space in said compartments for throttling hydraulic fluid flow within a compartment and between said interconnected compartments caused by deformation of said compartment and to dissipate and absorb the energy causing the deformation and to retain hydraulic fluid in the deformed compartment regardless of the displacement of some hydraulic fluid to other compartments.
- said surge mitigating means comprises reticulated inserts providing a multiplicity of hydraulic fluid passages and obstructions to hydraulic fluid flow which causes a pressure drop during movement of hydraulic fluid within the insert.
- Protective gear in accordance with claim 1 including an intermediate sizing liner between said hydraulic liner and said shell.
- Protective head gear comprising an outer covering, an energy absorbing liner for said covering including an array of fluid compartments, hydraulic fluid in said compartments, fluid passages interconnecting adjacent compartments to allow displacement of hydraulic fluid from a deformed compartment to other compartments in said array and deformable highly porous means having substantial void space occupying the major portion of the volume of each of said compartments to provide a controlled resistance to movement of hydraulic fluid within said compartment and between said compartments and to retain a quantity of hydraulic fluid in said compartments during use of the head gear nothwithstanding substantial deformation of a compartment due to impact and the tendency of hydraulic fluid to be displaced from said deformed compartment.
- Protective head gear comprising an outer shell shaped to receive a wearers head, an energy absorbing liner for said shell comprising an array of interconnected deformable compartments, the interconnection of one compartment with another allowing displacement of hydraulic fluid from a deformed compartment to other compartments in said array, hydraulic fluid in said compartments, and deformable highly porous resilient hydraulic fluid surge mitigating means having substantial void space materially filling the space within said compartments, said means providing a plurality of fluid orifices and flow obstructions to cause energy dissipating pressure losses upon movement of the hydraulic fluid through said orifices and around said obstructions as a result of deformation of said compartments, said surge mitigating means retaining hydraulic fluid in a deformed compartment regardless of the displacement of some hydraulic fluid to other compartments.
- Protective head gear in accordance with claim 13 in which said array includes compartments at opposite sides of the wearers head, whereby hydraulic fluid displaced from a deformed compartment at one side of the wearers head will migrate through said fluid passages to a compartment at the other side of the wearers head.
Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US00316799A US3849801A (en) | 1972-12-20 | 1972-12-20 | Protective gear with hydraulic liner |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US00316799A US3849801A (en) | 1972-12-20 | 1972-12-20 | Protective gear with hydraulic liner |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3849801A true US3849801A (en) | 1974-11-26 |
Family
ID=23230737
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US00316799A Expired - Lifetime US3849801A (en) | 1972-12-20 | 1972-12-20 | Protective gear with hydraulic liner |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US3849801A (en) |
Cited By (93)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3994022A (en) * | 1975-06-05 | 1976-11-30 | The Kendall Company | Protective helmet with liners |
US3999220A (en) * | 1976-04-22 | 1976-12-28 | Keltner Raymond O | Air-cushioned protective gear |
FR2312981A1 (en) * | 1975-06-05 | 1976-12-31 | Kendall & Co | PERFECTED PROTECTIVE HELMET |
US4023213A (en) * | 1976-05-17 | 1977-05-17 | Pepsico, Inc. | Shock-absorbing system for protective equipment |
US4038700A (en) * | 1975-06-12 | 1977-08-02 | Gyoery Kalman | Safety helmets for motorcyclists or the like |
US4486901A (en) * | 1982-03-12 | 1984-12-11 | Houston Protective Equipment, Inc. | Multi-layered, open-celled foam shock absorbing structure for athletic equipment |
WO1986003655A2 (en) * | 1984-12-21 | 1986-07-03 | Sonda S.R.L. | Protective buffer padding element |
EP0332925A1 (en) * | 1988-03-14 | 1989-09-20 | VELA S.r.L. | A padding element for protection against shocks, particularly for a crash helmet |
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US5014365A (en) * | 1989-01-23 | 1991-05-14 | Maxpro Helmets, Inc. | Gas-fitted protective helmet |
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US5129107A (en) * | 1990-09-28 | 1992-07-14 | Lorenzo Javier M | Inflatable safety helmet, specially for motorcycling |
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US5881395A (en) * | 1993-07-08 | 1999-03-16 | Donzis; Byron A | Impact absorbing pad |
US5890232A (en) * | 1997-11-25 | 1999-04-06 | Park; Nam-Tae | Helmet with an air cushion buffer |
US5913412A (en) * | 1994-03-22 | 1999-06-22 | So Services Ag | Protective helmet |
US5950243A (en) * | 1997-06-13 | 1999-09-14 | Alberta Research Council | Structural shell for protective headgear |
US6073271A (en) * | 1999-02-09 | 2000-06-13 | Adams Usa, Inc. | Football helmet with inflatable liner |
US6122785A (en) * | 1997-07-01 | 2000-09-26 | Airsports Technology, L.L.C. | Air pad |
US6128779A (en) * | 1997-11-14 | 2000-10-10 | Jas D. Easton, Inc. | Limb protector |
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WO2021055332A1 (en) * | 2019-09-16 | 2021-03-25 | Impact Technologies, Llc | Impact-dissipating, fluid-containing helmet liners and helmet liner retainers |
USD935106S1 (en) | 2019-11-22 | 2021-11-02 | Safer Sports, LLC | Helmet |
USD985204S1 (en) | 2019-11-22 | 2023-05-02 | Safer Sports, LLC | Helmet |
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