US3856536A - Low-pressure inking system and ink therefor - Google Patents

Low-pressure inking system and ink therefor Download PDF

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US3856536A
US3856536A US00389682A US38968273A US3856536A US 3856536 A US3856536 A US 3856536A US 00389682 A US00389682 A US 00389682A US 38968273 A US38968273 A US 38968273A US 3856536 A US3856536 A US 3856536A
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ink
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pen
paper
pressure
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US00389682A
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R Pawlak
A Siegelman
R Quoss
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Beckman Coulter Inc
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Beckman Instruments Inc
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    • CCHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09DCOATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00Inks
    • C09D11/16Writing inks

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  • the system includes a low-viscosity aqueous ink containing ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in a concentration of about 20-35 percent, a coloring agent and a soluble resin such as polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene oxide.
  • Low stylus tip pressure may be used so that the pen motor driving torque required to obtain good writing without hysteresis is substantially less than with conventional pressurized ink writing systems and retrofitting of conventional capillary recorders is made possible.
  • This invention relates to an improved ink and hydrostatic inking system useful in oscillographic pen recorders and the like.
  • a lowpressure hydrostatic inking system including a lowviscosity ink under a low hydrostatic head.
  • a further disadvantage of prior systems is that certain of them (e.g., Brown Re. 25,792, Dec. l, 1964) have required high-viscosity ink which had to be forced through the equipment under relatively high pressure.
  • Such systems necessarily included pumps or pressurized gases which forced the ink through ducts to tubular pens.
  • the tubular pens were arranged so that the pen tips were held against record paper or similar material with substantial biasing force, and the ink under relatively high pressure was extruded against the record paper and sheared off as the pen tip moved relative to the latter.
  • These systems have required special high-powered pen motors to move the pens which are biased against the record media.
  • the system of the present invention is an inking mechanism, having all the advantages of the previous liquid ink systems in that it is relatively inexpensive and is instantaneous, and in addition the new system obviates the disadvantages inherent in such liquid ink systerns.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a low-pressure hydrostatic inking system which does not require high viscosity ink, high pressure ink-supplying equipment, high biasing force on the pen tip or a special pen motor to activate the biased pen.
  • a further object of the invention is to provide low viscosity inks for use in such low-pressure hydrostatic inking systems.
  • Another object is to provide a low-viscosity ink which has adequate capillary strength suitable for use in low-pressure inking systems, which is rapidly absorbed by most types of paper, and which does not smear or feather on the'paper.
  • Still another object is to provide a low-viscosity ink which is stable onstorage at high and low pressures, does not bleed from pen tips, even when left in contact with paper for extended times.
  • a still further object is to provide a low-viscosity ink which does not splatter when the pen is moving rapidly or erratically. 7
  • FIGURE illustrates a typical low-pressure inking system arrangement of the present invention.
  • the low-pressure, low viscosity inking system of the present invention is herein illustrated as comprising a pen motor, indicated generally at 10, which is arranged to be energized by any suitable electrical signal and provides rotation of the output shaft 12 thereof in proportion to the amplitude of said electrical input signal.
  • a pen arm 14 is pivotally mounted on a carriage 16 secured to the upper end of the shaft 12 and is provided with a right angle pen tip portion 18 which is biased against the chart paper 20 by means of the spring clip member 22.
  • the pen tip 18 Upon rotation of the shaft 12 the pen tip 18 is moved transversely of the paper 20 and ink stored in the chamber 24 is drawn out of this chamber through the tubing 26 and pen conduit 28 so that a fine, brilliant line is made on the paper 20 corresponding to the electrical input signal.
  • the tubing 26 is of polyethylene or butyl rubber and the conduit 28 is of stainless steel or inconel to avoid undesired interaction with and possible clogging of the ink described in detail hereinafter.
  • the vertical position of the chamber 24 may be ad-- justed by means of a clamp member 30 to provide any desired gravimetric head but it is pointed out that the ink described hereinafter will function .satisfactorily even under negative pressure, i.e., when the level of ink in the chamber 24 is below the pen tip 18.
  • the chart paper 20 is of the Z-fold type, a pack 32 of this type of paper being stored below the writing table 34 and being pulled tautly over the surface of this table by any suitable drive means. It is pointed out, however, that the'chart paper may be of the roll type without folds. Also, in accordance with an important feature of the invention, the ink described hereinafter may be used with chart paper 20 of either the coated or uncoated type. When used with low-cost, uncoated paper the ink does not splatter and yet provides a high contrast, brilliant record trace which is comparable to that obtained with coated paper except for the high gloss of the paper itself.
  • the inking system of the present invention is also particularly suited for use with coated paper of the Z- fold type because the low stylus pressure requirements of the pen tip 18 and the particular characteristics of the ink described hereinafter accomodate the fold portions of this type of paper and the loose paper fibers which are usually present therein without clogging of the pen tip or interfering with the free flow of ink therefrom.
  • a jewel pen tip 18 having a rounded bottom edge is preferably employed with this type of paper to let the pen tip slide over the paper folds easily.
  • the fact that the spring clip 22 need exert only a slight biasing force on the pen tip 18 means that the torque requirements imposed on the pen motor are relatively small, as compared to high-pressure, highviscosity inking systems such as shown in Brown Reissue Pat.
  • low'viscosity inks containing a major proportion of water and about -35 percent by weight ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and a water-soluble resin are particularly desirable in low-pressure inking systems.
  • Such inks do not spatter during operation of the equipment and effectively dry very rapidly, thus avoiding feathering and smearing, and can be used on coated recording paper, such as Kromekote paper, Trycite paper and similar high gloss paper, uncoated papers such as sulfite and sulfate papers, tissue paper, newsprint, tracing vellum, and films of polyamide.
  • the paper stock can include synthetic fibers including the chemically modified fibers, cotton or other cellulosics, bagasse, any kind of mineral fibers such as asbestos, mica, etc.
  • the stock can be mechanically or chemically digested or both-it can be sulfite or sulfate.
  • the stock can be highly beaten and fibrillated even to the point of producing a highly fibrillated and hydrated glassine paper.
  • the ink has been shown effective on glassines, and tracing vellum.
  • the synthetic polymer fibers made into paper are also suitable to be written on with the new ink.
  • Aqueous inks which are pen recorded on papers having water penetrability have a tendency to bleed (the spreading of the ink in a direction different from the direction of pen travel).
  • the accurracy of an oscillographic pen recorder depends upon whether the inked record reflects the exact position of the pen tip during paper travel. When the ink bleeds, it is difficult if not impossible to determine exactly where the pen tip touched the paper in those places where bleeding occurred, making the chart inaccurrate.
  • Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether is a unique ink solvent in that when used in aqueous inks in the concentration of 20-35 percent, by weight bleeding does not occur even on uncoated papers. These uncoated papers may or may not be internally sized, but preferably they have been. Further this solvent in a 20-35 percent by weight concentration also gives extremely clear brilliant unbleeding lines on highly glossy coated papers (coating makes the paper have a smoother surface especially when calendared after a coating as well known in the papermaking art these coating agents cause a decrease in'water penetrability and a filling of the'fiber to fiber interstices and therefore a higher smoothness and gloss).
  • EM Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether
  • Pen dye using EM as the solvent is therefor very conveniently and economically used on the less expensive uncoated papers (sized or unsized) and it gives more brilliant lines of more even width throughout than the ink solvents now used in the art.
  • low viscosity inks can be fed to the pen tip under ordinary gravity pressure (0-8 inches), thus avoiding pumps and other pressurizing equipment called for by prior inking systems, and they can even be used at zero or negative pressure at lower writing rates by reason of their capillary strength.
  • low stylus pressure 1-3 grams is suitable to produce sharp recordings and high torque pen servomotors and position transducers are unnecessary.
  • the preferred viscosity of the ink is 5-10 cps. at 20C.
  • This ink can be supplied to the pen tip under pressures of less than A psig. Pressures up to 2 psig. are satisfactory for all of the inks described herein.
  • the low viscosity ink contains a major proportion of water, and a water soluble dye is used in the ink of a type which will not greatly increase viscosity.
  • the other essential components are ethylene glycol monomethyl ether which constitutes'from about 20 to 35 percent of the weight of the ink, and a water-soluble resin such as polyvinyl-pyrrolidone or polyethylene oxide.
  • the ink contains sufficient water-soluble dye to produce a colored marking on paper or similar sheet material.
  • Many such dyes are well known and can be selected on the basis of desired color, stability and compatibility with the other ink components.
  • PVP polyvinylpyrrolidone
  • Polyethylene oxide serves the same purposes and can be substituted in smaller 7 amounts for PVP.
  • amount of polyethylene volatile, water-soluble amines canbe used, such as diethanolamine, propanolamine and the like.
  • slightly acidic inks with pHs between 5 and 7 are operative.
  • EXAMPLE 1 A low-viscosity ink suitable for both uncoated sulfite and coated (i.e., Kromecote) papers was made of the following materials:
  • the polyethylene oxide was dissolved in the water, followed by the glycol ether and the dye.
  • EXAMPLE 2 A green ink was produced by the procedure of Example 1 from the following:
  • inks described in these Examples write well on both coated and uncoated paper, and other materials, without splattering or bleeding and also exhibit excel lent non-clogging characteristics.
  • a low-viscosity ink designed for use in a low-- pressure writing system comprising a major proportion of water containing 20 to 35 percent by weight ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, a water-soluble coloring agent and a water-soluble resin selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene oxide, the amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone being 0.1 to 5 percent by weight and the amount of polyethylene oxide being 0.01 to 0.3 percent by weight.

Abstract

A low-pressure inking system for oscillographic pen recorders is disclosed in which the pen is biased against the recording medium (paper) at low pressure so that special pen motors are unnecessary. The system includes a low-viscosity aqueous ink containing ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in a concentration of about 20-35 percent, a coloring agent and a soluble resin such as polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene oxide. Low stylus tip pressure may be used so that the pen motor driving torque required to obtain good writing without hysteresis is substantially less than with conventional pressurized ink writing systems and retrofitting of conventional capillary recorders is made possible.

Description

Siegelman et al.
' [451 Dec.24, 1974 LOW-PRESSURE INKING SYSTEM AND INK THEREFOR I Inventors: Abe Siegelman, Morton Grove;
Robert N. Quoss, Clarendon Hills; Raymond M. Pawlak, Addison, all
of I11.
Beckman Instruments, Inc., Fullerton, Calif.
Filed: Aug. 20, 1973 Appl. No.: 389,682
Related US. Application Data Continuation-impart of Ser. No. 263,699, June 16, 1972, which is a continuation of Ser, No. 50,652, June 29, 1970, abandoned.
Assignee:
US. Cl 106/22, 106/19, 106/20, 260/296 E Int. Cl C09d 11/00 Field of Search 106/22, 20, 19; 260/37 AL, 260/296 E References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS ll/l969 Forsyth, Jr 106/22 3,705,043 12/1972 Zabiak 106/20 Primary Examiner-Morris Liebman Assistant ExaminerE. Suzanne Parr Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Mason, Kolehmainen, Rathburn & Wyss [57] ABSTRACT A low-pressure inking system for oscillographic pen recorders is disclosed in which the pen is biased against the recording medium (paper) at low pressure so that special pen motors are unnecessary. The system includes a low-viscosity aqueous ink containing ethylene glycol monomethyl ether in a concentration of about 20-35 percent, a coloring agent and a soluble resin such as polyvinylpyrrolidone or polyethylene oxide. Low stylus tip pressure may be used so that the pen motor driving torque required to obtain good writing without hysteresis is substantially less than with conventional pressurized ink writing systems and retrofitting of conventional capillary recorders is made possible.
4 Claims, 1 Drawing Figure LOW-PRESSURE INKING SYSTEM AND INK THEREFOR CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF INVENTION This invention relates to an improved ink and hydrostatic inking system useful in oscillographic pen recorders and the like. In particular, it relates to a lowpressure hydrostatic inking system including a lowviscosity ink under a low hydrostatic head.
In the past the usual pen recorder of the oscillographic type used a liquid ink to write on a moving paper chart. This system had many advantages over electric writing and photographic systems in that it was relatively inexpensive and was instantaneous. However, it for years has suffered from many disadvantages. These disadvantages were sufficiently great that for many applications electric writing is used in spite of the high cost of the record medium; photographic devices are employed even though the film is expensive and has to be developed over a period of time; special ultraviolet recorders are used; and chemical recorders are used with heat; and straight heat recorders are used.
The chief disadvantages of the inking system as it was heretofore known have been due to the liquid ink which was used. This liquid ink had to dry quickly after it was applied to the moving record medium because otherwise it would smear as the paper was rolled up and the operator would often touch the wet ink causing loss of accuracy of the record, unsightly records, etc. The quick drying quality which was sohighly desirable when the ink was applied to the chart paper was a tremendous disadvantage when the pen recorder was not used for a while, as it caused clogging of the small hole in the tip of the pen and consequently the pen often would not write when the instrument was first started. Systems were employed to force the ink out of the pen tip to clear the passageway so that the capillary forces involved in the pen and in the tube connecting the liquid ink supply to the pen would thereafter supply adequate ink for writing on the moving paper.
Another disadvantage inherent in the liquid ink system is that the rapidly oscillating pen tip would often throw drops of ink around the room.
A further disadvantage of prior systems is that certain of them (e.g., Brown Re. 25,792, Dec. l, 1964) have required high-viscosity ink which had to be forced through the equipment under relatively high pressure. Such systems necessarily included pumps or pressurized gases which forced the ink through ducts to tubular pens. Generally the tubular pens were arranged so that the pen tips were held against record paper or similar material with substantial biasing force, and the ink under relatively high pressure was extruded against the record paper and sheared off as the pen tip moved relative to the latter. These systems have required special high-powered pen motors to move the pens which are biased against the record media.
The system of the present invention is an inking mechanism, having all the advantages of the previous liquid ink systems in that it is relatively inexpensive and is instantaneous, and in addition the new system obviates the disadvantages inherent in such liquid ink systerns.
An object of the present invention is to provide a low-pressure hydrostatic inking system which does not require high viscosity ink, high pressure ink-supplying equipment, high biasing force on the pen tip or a special pen motor to activate the biased pen.
A further object of the invention is to provide low viscosity inks for use in such low-pressure hydrostatic inking systems.
Another object is to provide a low-viscosity ink which has adequate capillary strength suitable for use in low-pressure inking systems, which is rapidly absorbed by most types of paper, and which does not smear or feather on the'paper.
Still another object is to provide a low-viscosity ink which is stable onstorage at high and low pressures, does not bleed from pen tips, even when left in contact with paper for extended times.
A still further object is to provide a low-viscosity ink which does not splatter when the pen is moving rapidly or erratically. 7
These and other objects are apparent from and are achieved in accordance with the following disclosure, taken in connection with the attached drawing in which the single FIGURE illustrates a typical low-pressure inking system arrangement of the present invention.
Referring now to the drawing, the low-pressure, low viscosity inking system of the present invention is herein illustrated as comprising a pen motor, indicated generally at 10, which is arranged to be energized by any suitable electrical signal and provides rotation of the output shaft 12 thereof in proportion to the amplitude of said electrical input signal. A pen arm 14 is pivotally mounted on a carriage 16 secured to the upper end of the shaft 12 and is provided with a right angle pen tip portion 18 which is biased against the chart paper 20 by means of the spring clip member 22. Upon rotation of the shaft 12 the pen tip 18 is moved transversely of the paper 20 and ink stored in the chamber 24 is drawn out of this chamber through the tubing 26 and pen conduit 28 so that a fine, brilliant line is made on the paper 20 corresponding to the electrical input signal. Preferably, the tubing 26 is of polyethylene or butyl rubber and the conduit 28 is of stainless steel or inconel to avoid undesired interaction with and possible clogging of the ink described in detail hereinafter.
The vertical position of the chamber 24 may be ad-- justed by means of a clamp member 30 to provide any desired gravimetric head but it is pointed out that the ink described hereinafter will function .satisfactorily even under negative pressure, i.e., when the level of ink in the chamber 24 is below the pen tip 18.
In the illustrated embodiment the chart paper 20 is of the Z-fold type, a pack 32 of this type of paper being stored below the writing table 34 and being pulled tautly over the surface of this table by any suitable drive means. It is pointed out, however, that the'chart paper may be of the roll type without folds. Also, in accordance with an important feature of the invention, the ink described hereinafter may be used with chart paper 20 of either the coated or uncoated type. When used with low-cost, uncoated paper the ink does not splatter and yet provides a high contrast, brilliant record trace which is comparable to that obtained with coated paper except for the high gloss of the paper itself. The inking system of the present invention is also particularly suited for use with coated paper of the Z- fold type because the low stylus pressure requirements of the pen tip 18 and the particular characteristics of the ink described hereinafter accomodate the fold portions of this type of paper and the loose paper fibers which are usually present therein without clogging of the pen tip or interfering with the free flow of ink therefrom. A jewel pen tip 18 having a rounded bottom edge is preferably employed with this type of paper to let the pen tip slide over the paper folds easily. Furthermore, the fact that the spring clip 22 need exert only a slight biasing force on the pen tip 18 means that the torque requirements imposed on the pen motor are relatively small, as compared to high-pressure, highviscosity inking systems such as shown in Brown Reissue Pat. No. 25,692, and hence conventional capillary discovered that low'viscosity (i.e., 1-30 cps.) inks containing a major proportion of water and about -35 percent by weight ethylene glycol monomethyl ether and a water-soluble resin are particularly desirable in low-pressure inking systems. Such inks do not spatter during operation of the equipment and effectively dry very rapidly, thus avoiding feathering and smearing, and can be used on coated recording paper, such as Kromekote paper, Trycite paper and similar high gloss paper, uncoated papers such as sulfite and sulfate papers, tissue paper, newsprint, tracing vellum, and films of polyamide.
This ink has been shown to write effectively on literally every type of paper produced today. The paper stock can include synthetic fibers including the chemically modified fibers, cotton or other cellulosics, bagasse, any kind of mineral fibers such as asbestos, mica, etc. The stock can be mechanically or chemically digested or both-it can be sulfite or sulfate. The stock can be highly beaten and fibrillated even to the point of producing a highly fibrillated and hydrated glassine paper. The ink has been shown effective on glassines, and tracing vellum. The synthetic polymer fibers made into paper are also suitable to be written on with the new ink. It does not matter what type of common beater additives have been used in producing the papers written on with the EM ink disclosed herein. We are therefore in no way limited by the type of paper used with our oscillographic pen recorder. Because of this, substantial savings can be appreciated while achieving accurracy even greater than that heretofore known with oscillographic pen recorders.
Aqueous inks which are pen recorded on papers having water penetrability have a tendency to bleed (the spreading of the ink in a direction different from the direction of pen travel). The accurracy of an oscillographic pen recorder depends upon whether the inked record reflects the exact position of the pen tip during paper travel. When the ink bleeds, it is difficult if not impossible to determine exactly where the pen tip touched the paper in those places where bleeding occurred, making the chart inaccurrate.
Ethylene glycol monomethyl ether (EM) is a unique ink solvent in that when used in aqueous inks in the concentration of 20-35 percent, by weight bleeding does not occur even on uncoated papers. These uncoated papers may or may not be internally sized, but preferably they have been. Further this solvent in a 20-35 percent by weight concentration also gives extremely clear brilliant unbleeding lines on highly glossy coated papers (coating makes the paper have a smoother surface especially when calendared after a coating as well known in the papermaking art these coating agents cause a decrease in'water penetrability and a filling of the'fiber to fiber interstices and therefore a higher smoothness and gloss). One such paper is. manufactured by coating with clay prior to calendaring (i.e., Kromecote made by Champion Papers of Hammilton, Ohio). Pen dye using EM as the solvent is therefor very conveniently and economically used on the less expensive uncoated papers (sized or unsized) and it gives more brilliant lines of more even width throughout than the ink solvents now used in the art.
It has been found that if too low a EM concentration is used, the ink will bleed or spread on the paper especially on the coated paper. For example, when used at 12-14 percent concentration as are the glycerins (common prior art solvents see the Forsyth U.S. Pat. No. 3,477,862) bleeding occurs. When EM is used in a concentration of greater than 35 percent, feathering occurs on the uncoated paper. It has been found, however, that in the 20-35 percent by weight concentration, EM gives clear brilliant lines of substantially constant thickness throughout the entire oscilliscopic path, without bleeding on both coated and uncoated papers.
It is quite surprising that EM ink writes on both coated and uncoated papers without bleeding since the prior art glycols cause bleeding and since even the ethylene glycol lower alkyl ethers cause bleeding on uncoated papers.
Moreover, such low viscosity inks can be fed to the pen tip under ordinary gravity pressure (0-8 inches), thus avoiding pumps and other pressurizing equipment called for by prior inking systems, and they can even be used at zero or negative pressure at lower writing rates by reason of their capillary strength. As a consequence, low stylus pressure (1-3 grams) is suitable to produce sharp recordings and high torque pen servomotors and position transducers are unnecessary.
The preferred viscosity of the ink is 5-10 cps. at 20C. This ink can be supplied to the pen tip under pressures of less than A psig. Pressures up to 2 psig. are satisfactory for all of the inks described herein.
The low viscosity ink contains a major proportion of water, and a water soluble dye is used in the ink of a type which will not greatly increase viscosity. The other essential components are ethylene glycol monomethyl ether which constitutes'from about 20 to 35 percent of the weight of the ink, and a water-soluble resin such as polyvinyl-pyrrolidone or polyethylene oxide.
The ink contains sufficient water-soluble dye to produce a colored marking on paper or similar sheet material. Many such dyes are well known and can be selected on the basis of desired color, stability and compatibility with the other ink components.
A small percentage of a water-soluble resin such as polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) is used to prevent splattering at high speed pen travel. PVP is usually present in an amount from about 0.1 to 5 percent of the weight of the ink. It prevents breaking of the capillary in the pen tip, reduces friction in the pen and tubing, keeps the ink cohesive, aids in holding the dye in solution,
and prevents bleeding of the ink from the pen tip when the system is not in use. Polyethylene oxide serves the same purposes and can be substituted in smaller 7 amounts for PVP. Usually the amount of polyethylene volatile, water-soluble amines canbe used, such as diethanolamine, propanolamine and the like. However,
slightly acidic inks with pHs between 5 and 7 are operative. Some inks which are slightly acidic (e.g., pH 4) are suitable but usually slightly alkaline inks are preferred.
It has been found in some cases that the addition of a small amount of phenol or similar agent reduces or prevents the growth of bacteria, mold and other microorganisms in the ink. These materials need be present only in low effective amounts (e.g. 0.01 to 0.5 percent). Usually they are not required because the glycol ether suppresses the growth of bacteria and mold.
The following examples illustrate formulations of suitable inks for the inking system of this application.
EXAMPLE 1 A low-viscosity ink suitable for both uncoated sulfite and coated (i.e., Kromecote) papers was made of the following materials:
150 g. water (deionized) 50 g. ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 6 g. Pontacyl violet 84B 0125 g. polyethylene oxide WSR-30l (approx. mol.
The polyethylene oxide was dissolved in the water, followed by the glycol ether and the dye. An intense violet ink, pH 8, viscosity 7 cps, was produced.
EXAMPLE 2 A green ink was produced by the procedure of Example 1 from the following:
150 g. water 50 g. ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 6 g. Keco acid green 4LEX 0.125 g. polyethylene oxide WSR-30I I 6 It had pH 6.4 and viscosity 7 cps.
EXAMPLE 3 A red ink was produced by the procedure of Example 2 from the following:
450 g. water g. ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 18 g. Pontacyl carmine' 26 0.375 g. polyethylene oxide WSR-30l lt had pH 9.7 and viscosity 6 cps.
EXAMPLE 4 A violet ink was produced from the following materials:
450 g. water 150 g. ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 0.375 g. polyethylene oxide WSR-30l 12 g. Crystal violet 6B conc.
It was adjusted to pH 7.9 with two drops of ethanolamine; viscosity 6.5 cps.
EXAMPLE 5 The following formula produces a suitable red ink:
150 g. water 50 g. ethylene glycol monomethyl ether 6 g. Keco acid red 6BC 0.125 g. polyethylene oxide WD R-ZSO (approx. mol.
It had pH 9.7 and viscosity 7 cps.
The inks described in these Examples write well on both coated and uncoated paper, and other materials, without splattering or bleeding and also exhibit excel lent non-clogging characteristics.
We claim:
1. A low-viscosity ink designed for use in a low-- pressure writing system comprising a major proportion of water containing 20 to 35 percent by weight ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, a water-soluble coloring agent and a water-soluble resin selected from polyvinylpyrrolidone and polyethylene oxide, the amount of polyvinylpyrrolidone being 0.1 to 5 percent by weight and the amount of polyethylene oxide being 0.01 to 0.3 percent by weight.
2. The ink of claim 1 wherein the water-soluble resin is polyethylene oxide.
3. The ink of claim 1 which further comprises phenol in an amount effective to kill bacteria in said ink.
4. The ink of claim 3 wherein the phenol is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 percent by weight of the ink composition.

Claims (4)

1. A LOW-VISCOSITY INK DESIGNED FOR USE IN A LOW-PRESSURE WRITING SYSTEM COMPRISING A MAJOR PROPORTION OF WATER CONTAINING 20 TO 35 PERCENT BY WEIGHT ETHYLENE GLYCOL MONOMETHYL ETHER, A WATER-SOLUBLE COLORING AGENT AND A WATERSOLUBLE RESIN SELECTED FROM POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE AND POLYETHYLENE OXIDE, THE AMOUNT OF POLYVINYLPYRROLIDONE BEING 0.1 TO 5 PERCENT BY WEIGHT AND THE AMOUNT OF POLYETHYLENE OXIDE BEING 0.01 TO 0.03 PERCENT BY WEIGHT.
2. The ink of claim 1 wherein the water-soluble resin is polyethylene oxide.
3. The ink of claim 1 which further comprises phenol in an amount effective to kill bacteria in said ink.
4. The ink of claim 3 wherein the phenol is present in an amount of 0.01 to 0.5 percent by weight of the ink composition.
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Cited By (7)

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US4014833A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-03-29 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Aqueous printing ink with polyethylene oxide
US4213887A (en) * 1979-07-16 1980-07-22 American Hoechst Corporation Lithographic plate finisher
EP0122348A2 (en) * 1982-11-29 1984-10-24 Adger Kogyo Co., Ltd. Ink composition for writing instrument
US4853036A (en) * 1986-11-25 1989-08-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ink for ink-jet recording and ink-jet recording process using the same
US5948910A (en) * 1996-09-30 1999-09-07 Clariant Gmbh Water-soluble perylene dyestuffs, their preparation and their use
US10379670B1 (en) 2017-04-27 2019-08-13 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Increasing low-force accuracy at a device
US10459538B2 (en) 2017-05-15 2019-10-29 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Pressure sensitive stylus

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US4014833A (en) * 1975-11-28 1977-03-29 Owens-Illinois, Inc. Aqueous printing ink with polyethylene oxide
US4213887A (en) * 1979-07-16 1980-07-22 American Hoechst Corporation Lithographic plate finisher
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US4853036A (en) * 1986-11-25 1989-08-01 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ink for ink-jet recording and ink-jet recording process using the same
US5124718A (en) * 1986-11-25 1992-06-23 Canon Kabushiki Kaisha Ink-jet recording process using ink
US5948910A (en) * 1996-09-30 1999-09-07 Clariant Gmbh Water-soluble perylene dyestuffs, their preparation and their use
US10379670B1 (en) 2017-04-27 2019-08-13 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Increasing low-force accuracy at a device
US10459538B2 (en) 2017-05-15 2019-10-29 Microsoft Technology Licensing, Llc Pressure sensitive stylus

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