US3868663A

US3868663A - Smoke detecting apparatus with multiple detectors connected to coincidence circuit

Info

Publication number: US3868663A
Application number: US380148A
Authority: US
Inventors: Brian Ray
Original assignee: Wilkinson Sword Ltd
Current assignee: Wilkinson Sword Ltd
Priority date: 1972-07-27
Filing date: 1973-07-18
Publication date: 1975-02-25
Anticipated expiration: 1992-02-25
Also published as: GB1430091A; FR2195019A1; FR2195019B3; ZA735107B; AU5853073A

Abstract

Smoke detecting apparatus comprising a number of smoke detectors of the ionisation chamber type which are distributed over an area to be protected and have their outputs connected together in groups to respective AND gates which in turn feed an alarm unit through an OR gate. In this way, at least two detectors must be simultaneously operative to produce an alarm indication.

Description

United States Patent 1191 11}, 3,868,663 1451 FebQZS, 1975 Ray [ SMOKE DETECTING APPARATUS WITH [56] References Cited MULTIPLE DETECTORS CONNECTED TO UNITED STATES PATENTS COINCI E C CIRCUIT 3,074,053 1/1963 McDonough et a1. 340/227 R ux 3,541,539 11/1970 Trumble 340/227 R [75] Inventor Bmn Bumham England 3,753,258 8/1973 Honda 340/237 5 [73] Assignee: Wilkinson Sword Limited, High Wy m k gh m hir Primary Examiner-John W. Caldwell ngla d Assistant Examiner-Daniel Myer [22] Filed: July 18, 1973 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Brooks Haidt & Haffner [21] Appl. No.: 380,148 [57] ABSTRACT Smoke detecting apparatus comprising a number of [30] Foreign Application p o Data smoke detectors of the ionisation chamber type which July 27 1972 Great Britain 5073/72 are distributed over an area to be protected and have their outputs connected together in groups to respective AND gates which in turn feed an alarm unit through an OR gate In this y at least two detectors [58] Fie'ld 250/381 must be simultaneously operative to produce an alarm indication.

' 6 Claims, 5 Drawing Figures 1 ALARM SMOKE DETECTOR SHEET 1 OF 3 5- SMOKE DETECTOR/ SMOIOE AND / DETECTOR SMOKE DETECTOR AND PMENTEU SMOKE DETECTORS- PATENTEB FEB25 I975 SHEET 3 95 5 AMPLIFIER AND TRIGGER SMOKE DETECTING APPARATUS WITH MULTIPLE DETECTORS CONNECTED TO COINCIDENCE CIRCUIT BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION The invention relates to apparatus and systems for detecting smoke, vapor mist, and other suspensions which can be detected by the effect they produce on an atmospheric ionisation current. References hereinafter to smoke are to be interpreted as including reference to any suspensions which can be detected in this way.

More particularly, the invention relates to such apparatus and systems incorporating detectors in which an ionisation current is set up in the atmosphere between electrodes in a chamber to which the atmosphere in which smoke is to be detected has ingress, the presence of the smoke being indicated by a change in the ionisation current. An example of such a detector is disclosed in US. Pat. No. 2,408,051 to K. O. Donelian.

Ionisation smoke detectors of the general type referred to abovehave foundquite widespread application but suffer from the disadvantage that, unless they are adjusted to have low sensitivity (with consequent risk of failure to detect a hazardous condition), they may produce spurious alarms in response to such conditions as convection currents, drafts or tobacco smoke.

Accordingly, it is an object of the invention to reduce the likelihoodof such spurious alarms in smoke detectors of the ionisation chamber type.

BRIEF SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION According to the invention, there is provided a smoke detecting system, comprising a plurality of smoke detectors of the ionisation chamber type having respective outputs at which are produced electrical warning signals in the presence of smoke, coincidence means having the same number of inputs as the number of said detectors, the said inputs being respectively connected to the outputs of the detectors, the coincidence means having an output at which is produced an output signal only when both or all its inputs simultaneously receive said warning signals, and output means connected to the output of the coincidence means to produce an alarm indication in response to the said outputsignal.

DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Smoke detecting apparatus or systems embodying the invention will now be described by way of example with reference to the accompanying diagrammatic drawings in which:

' FIG. 1 shows the physical layout of one of the sys- DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS As shown in FIG. 1, the system comprisesfour

smoke detectors

5, 6, 8, 10, each of the form described above in which an ionisation current is set up in the atmocomprises a chamber 50 having at least some of its sphere between electrodes in a chamber to which the atmosphere in which the smoke is to be detected has access. Each detector receives a power supply by means of a line 11 and may incorporate its own means for stabilising the power supply.

Each detector incorporates circuitry which produces an output signal on a respective output line l2, l4, l6, 18 when its ionisation current is reduced below a predetermined level. As shown in FIG. 2, the outputs l2, 14 of the

detectors

5, 6 are connected to the two inputs of an AND gate 20, while the

outputs

16, 18 of the

detectors

8, 10 are connected to the two inputs of a further AND gate 22. FIG. 2 shows the two outputs of the

AND gates

20, 22 connected to control an alarm via an OR gate 26.

In operation, the alarm 24 will be actuated only when both

detectors

5, 6 are producing outputs together and- /or when both

detectors

8, 10 are producing outputs together. If only one detector of a pair produces an output, the alarm will not be actuated. The arrangement therefore very considerably reduces the possibility of spurious alarm indications being given such as due to convection currents, drafts, tobacco smoke and the like. If each detector were able to actuate the alarm on its own, then false alarms might be quite frequently given unless the sensitivity of the detector were held at a relatively low value with consequent risk of nondetection of a hazardous condition.

In FIGS. 3 and 4, parts performing similar functions to parts in FIGS. 1 and 2 are similarly referenced. As shown in FIG. 4, the outputs l2, 14 of the

detectors

5, 6 are connected to the two inputs of AND gate 20, while the

outputs

16, 18 of the

detectors

8, 10 are connected to the two inputs of AND gate 22. The two outputs of the

AND gates

20, 22 are connected to control the alarm 24 via OR gate 26. However, the apparatus of FIGS. 3 and 4 differs in that an extra AND gate 30 is provided which receives the outputs from

detectors

6 and 8, and feeds the alarm 24 through OR gate 26.

In operation of the apparatus of FIG. 4, the alarm 24 will be actuated when both

detectors

5, 6 are producing outputs together and/or when both

detectors

8, 10 are producing outputs together, and/or when both

detectors

6 and 8 are producing outputs together. If only one detector of a pair produces an output, the alarm will not be actuated. As before, the arrangement therefore very considerably reduces the possibility of spurious alarm indications being given such as due to convection currents, drafts, tobacco smoke and the like and each detector can be operated at relatively high sensitivity.

In FIG. 1 the area between the two lines A, and B, indicates the area in which a standard fire has to be present to produce smoke which operates both detectors S and 6 together when they are setto a low sensitivity. Lines C and D, delimit the corresponding area when the detectors have medium sensitivity, and lines E and F, the area when the detectors have high sensitivity. The corresponding areas for the

detectors

8 and 10 are delimited by the lines A and B C, and D and E2 and F2.

II'I 3, the lines A 8;, C D E F1, Ag, B3, Czy

D E and F correspond to those in FIG. 1 while the lines A, and B delimit the areas for the detectors'6 and 8 when they have low sensitivity.

FIG. 5 shows, by way of example only, one form which each detector can take. As shown the detector sides in the form of gauze to allow ingress of the atmosphere in which smoke is to be detected. The chamber is made of metal and contains a radioactive source 52 on one internal wall face which ionises the atmosphere in the chamber. An electrode 54 is mounted in the chamber on an electrically insulating support 56. An electrical power supply (not shown) applies a voltage across a potential divider comprising a resistor 58 in series with the gap between the electrode 54 and the metal wall of the chamber, and a field effect transistor 60 monitors the voltage at the junction between the chamber and the resistor 58. When smoke enters the chamber 50, the ionisation current between the electrode 54 and the chamber wall changes, thus altering the voltage sensed by the FET 60. The resultant output activates an amplifier and trigger unit 62 to produce a pended claims.

What is claimed is:

l. A smoke detecting system, comprising a plurality of smoke detectors of the ionisation chambertype having respective outputs at which are produced electrical warning signals in the presence of smoke,

coincidence means having the same number of inputs as the number of saiddetectors, the said inputs being respectively connected to the outputs'of the detectors, the coincidence means having an output at which is produced an output signal only when the plurality of its inputs simultaneously receive said warning signals, and

outputmeans connected to theoutput of the coincidence means to produce an alarm indication in re- SPOI1SC t0- the said output signal. 2. A system according to claim 1-, including a. secondplurality of smoke detectors of the ionisation chamber type having respective outputs at.

Whichare produced electricalwarning signals in the presence of smoke,

' second coincidence means having the same number of inputs as the number of detectors in the said secother said coincidence means to produce a said alarm indication in response signal. '3. Asystem according to claim 2, in which the said output signal connecting means comprises'an OR gate.

4. In a smoke detecting-system, comprising a plurality of ionisation smoke detectors physically distributed about an area to be protected, each deto either said output 4 tector of p which plurality includes a chamber to. which the atmosphere in'which smoke is to be detected has ingress and having two polarised electrode means, means for ionising the atmosphere in i the chamber, and means responsive to a change in the ionisation current between the electrode means to produceat a detector output a warning signal indicative of the presence of smoke in the chamber, the improvement comprising at least two coincidence means each having a plurality of inputs and a single output, 7

means connecting the said outputs of a first group of the said detectors to the inputs of one said coincidence means whereby the coincidence means produces an output signal at its said output only when all its said inputs simultaneously receive said warning signals,

means connecting the said outputs of a second group of the said detectors to the inputsof the other said coincidence means, the second group of detectors including at least one detector from the first group thereof, whereby the saidvother coincidence means produces an output signal at its said output only when all of its said inputs simultaneously receive said warning signals, and

output means connected to'the outputs of both the coincidence means to produce an alarm indication in response to either said output signal.

5. A smoke detecting system, comprising first and second pluralities of smoke detectors of the ionization chamber type having respective outputs at which are produced respective electrical warning signals in the presence of smoke,

. first and second coincidence means each having the same number of inputs as the'number of said detectors in the first and second pluralities of detectors respectively, the inputs of the first coincidence means being respectively connected to the outputs j of the detectors of the firstplurality and the inputs of the second coincidence means being respectively connected tothe outputs of the detectorsof the second plurality, each coincidence means having anoutput at which is produced an'output signal only'wh'en the plurality of itsinputs simultaneously receive 'saidjwarning signals,

third coincidence means having two inputs and an i output, means-connectin'gthe said output of one of the detectors of the first plurality'the'reof to one of, the inputs of the third coincidence means in parallel with the input of the first coincidence means to which that.

output is also connected,

means connecting the said output of one of the detectors of the second plurality thereof to the other input of the third coincidence means in parallel with the input ofthessecond coincidence means to which that output is also connected, the third coincidence means producing an output signal at its said output only when both of its said in- I puts simultaneously receive saidw'arning signals,.

output means for producing an alarm indication in response to the said output signal, and

output signal connecting means connecting the outoutput signal connecting means comprises an OR gate.

# k I t 6. A system according to claim 5, in which the said.

Claims

1. A smoke detecting system, comprising a plurality of smoke detectors of the ionisation chamber type having respective outputs at which are produced electrical warning signals in the presence of smoke, coincidence means having the same number of inputs as the number of said detectors, the said inputs being respectively connected to the outputs of the detectors, the coincidence means having an output at which is produced an output signal only when the plurality of its inputs simultaneously receive said warning signals, and output means connected to the output of the coincidence means to produce an alarm indication in response to the said output signal.

2. A system according to claim 1, including a second plurality of smoke detectors of the ionisation chamber type having respective outputs at which are produced electrical warning signals in the presence of smoke, second coincidence means having the same number of inputs as the number of detectors in the said second plurality, the inputs of the second coincidence means being respectively connected to the outputs of the detectors of the second plurality, the second coincidence means having an output at which is produced an output signal only when the plurality of its inputs simultaneously receive said warning signals, and output signal connecting means connecting the output of the second coincidence means to the said output means in parallel with the output of the other said coincidence means to produce a said alarm indication in response to either said output signal.

3. A system according to claim 2, in which the said output signal connecting means comprises an OR gate.

4. In a smoke detecting system, comprising a plurality of ionisation smoke detectors physically distributed about an area to be protected, each detector of which plurality includes a chamber to which the atmosphere in which smoke is to be detected has ingress and having two polarised electrode means, means for ionising the atmosphere in the chamber, and means responsive to a change in the ionisation current between the electrode means to produce at a detector output a warning signal indicative of the presence of smoke in the chamber, the improvement comprising at least two coincidence means each having a plurality of inputs and a single output, means connecting the said outputs of a first group of the said detectors to the inputs of one said coincidence means whereby the coincidence means produces an output signal at its said output only when all its said inputs simultaneously receive said warning signals, means connecting the said outputs of a second group of the said detectors to the inputs of the other said coincidence means, the second group of detectors including at least one detector from the first group thereof, whereby the said other coincidence means produces an output signal at its said output only when all of its said inputs simultaneously receive said warning signals, and output means connected to the outputs of both the coincidence means to produce an alarm indication in response to either said output signal.

5. A smoke detecting system, comprising first and second pluralities of smoke detectors of the ionization chamber type having respective outputs at which are produced respective electrical warning signals in the presence of smoke, first and second coincidence means each having the same number of inputs as the number of said detectors in the first and second pluralities of detectors respectively, the inputs of the first coincidence means being respectively connected to the outputs of the detectors of the first plurality and the inputs of the second coincidence means being respectively connected to the outputs of the detectors of the second plurality, each coincidence means having an output at which is produced an output signal only when the plurality of its inputs simultaneously receive said warning signals, third coincidence means having two inputs and an output, means connecting the said output of one of the detectors of the first plurality thereof to one of the inputs of the third coincidence means in parallel with the input of the first coincidence means to which that output is also connected, means connecting the said output of one of the detectors of the second plurality thereof to the other input of the third coincidence means in parallel with the input of the second coincidence means to which that output is also connected, the third coincidence means producing an output signal at its said output only when both of its said inputs simultaneously receive said warning signals, output means for producing an alarm indication in response to the said output signal, and output signal connecting means connecting the outputs of the first, second and third coincidence means to the said output means in parallel so that the said output means produces an alarm indication in response to any one of the said output signals.

6. A system according to claim 5, in which the said output signal connecting means comprises an OR gate.