US3884417A - Nozzles for the injection of liquid fuel into gaseous media - Google Patents
Nozzles for the injection of liquid fuel into gaseous media Download PDFInfo
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- US3884417A US3884417A US327905A US32790573A US3884417A US 3884417 A US3884417 A US 3884417A US 327905 A US327905 A US 327905A US 32790573 A US32790573 A US 32790573A US 3884417 A US3884417 A US 3884417A
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- nozzle
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- arrangement
- seat
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- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 54
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 17
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 title abstract description 17
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 19
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 description 5
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011161 development Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000006698 induction Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000012216 screening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012546 transfer Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B05—SPRAYING OR ATOMISING IN GENERAL; APPLYING FLUENT MATERIALS TO SURFACES, IN GENERAL
- B05B—SPRAYING APPARATUS; ATOMISING APPARATUS; NOZZLES
- B05B17/00—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups
- B05B17/04—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods
- B05B17/06—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations
- B05B17/0607—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers
- B05B17/0623—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn
- B05B17/063—Apparatus for spraying or atomising liquids or other fluent materials, not covered by the preceding groups operating with special methods using ultrasonic or other kinds of vibrations generated by electrical means, e.g. piezoelectric transducers coupled with a vibrating horn having an internal channel for supplying the liquid or other fluent material
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M27/00—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like
- F02M27/08—Apparatus for treating combustion-air, fuel, or fuel-air mixture, by catalysts, electric means, magnetism, rays, sound waves, or the like by sonic or ultrasonic waves
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/0603—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using piezoelectric or magnetostrictive operating means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
- F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
- F02M69/041—Injectors peculiar thereto having vibrating means for atomizing the fuel, e.g. with sonic or ultrasonic vibrations
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M69/00—Low-pressure fuel-injection apparatus ; Apparatus with both continuous and intermittent injection; Apparatus injecting different types of fuel
- F02M69/04—Injectors peculiar thereto
- F02M69/042—Positioning of injectors with respect to engine, e.g. in the air intake conduit
- F02M69/043—Positioning of injectors with respect to engine, e.g. in the air intake conduit for injecting into the intake conduit upstream of an air throttle valve
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23D—BURNERS
- F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
- F23D11/34—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by ultrasonic means or other kinds of vibrations
- F23D11/345—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space by ultrasonic means or other kinds of vibrations with vibrating atomiser surfaces
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
- Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
- Y02T10/10—Internal combustion engine [ICE] based vehicles
- Y02T10/12—Improving ICE efficiencies
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S239/00—Fluid sprinkling, spraying, and diffusing
- Y10S239/90—Electromagnetically actuated fuel injector having ball and seat type valve
Definitions
- ABSTRACT Injection of liquid fuel into a combustion-air passage through an ultrasonically vibrated nozzle formed in a body is prevented during the intervals between pulses of vibration by a ball valve element co-operating with a seat at the inlet of the nozzle: passage, this ball valve element being lifted off its seat during the vibration pulses by dynamic action resulting from the impulses it receives from the seat.
- a solenoid may be provided which, when energized, acts on the valve element to lift it off its seat in opposition to the fuel pressure in the supply line and to the action of a return spring.
- OSCILLATOR g E B I P 'PULSE GENERATOR ENGINE NOZZLES FOR THE INJECTION F LIQUID FUEL INTO GASEOUS MEDIA This invention relates to fuel injection devices and has for an object to provide improved nozzle arrangements for the injection of liquid fuel into a gaseous medium and may be applied to the injection of liquid fuel into the combustion air of a turbo-jet engine or other gas turbine or internal combustion engine.
- an injection-nozzle arrangement which will hereinafter be referred-to as of the kind specified, and in which the fuel-injection nozzle is arranged to be subjected to vibrations, generally at ultrasonic or similar frequencies hereinafter called ultrasonic vibrations, the amount of fuel injected within a given period, for example within a revolution of the engine, being arranged to be controlled by varying the length of time in which the ultrasonic vibrations are applied, and thereby varying the length of time of injection, in each such period.
- the present invention has for a more specific object to provide an arrangement of improved efficiency for effecting metered injection of liquid fuel into a flow of combustion air for a combustion engine with the help of a nozzle subjected to pulses of ultrasonic longitudinal vibrations, in which variation of the length of the pulses of vibration is utilized to vary the amount of fuel injected during each revolution of the engine.
- the nozzle of an injection-nozzle arrangement of the kind specified is equipped at its inlet side with a valve, preferably a ball valve, which is arranged to normally close the inlet to the nozzle passage and thus to prevent the transfer of fuel to the combustion air but to be automatically operated to permit flow of fuel through the nozzle passage into the combustion air during the periods in which atomization is intended to be effective.
- a valve preferably a ball valve
- the valve is arranged to be normally held on its seat by fuel pressure, which may be assisted by spring action, although the valve could,
- the fuel pressure tends to open the valve, which is normally held closed in this case by the opposite action of spring pressure.
- Inertia forces will effect, during the times in which longitudinal vibrations are applied to the nozzle, opening of the non-return valve to permit the flow of fuel.
- the opening of the valve may be arranged to be effected by magnetic action upon the valve element, for example with the help of a solenoid coil which is energized to permit injection, during the periods of vibration of the nozzle, and if desired such an arrangement may also be used to assist the above mentioned inertia operation.
- the valve element is made wholly or partly of magnetic material and is so arranged as to be urged in a direction away from its seat by the magnetic action of the energized solenoid.
- FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic axial section of one embodiment of an injection nozzle arrangement according to the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary section illustrating a modification thereof.
- 1 indicates a passage, which may be the induction line of an internalcombustion engine, or, for example, a passage leading from the air-compressor unit to the burners of a turbojet engine or other gas-turbine E.
- a cylindrical nozzle portion 2 of an atomizer 3 is arranged to project with its end 2a through an aperture 4 in the wall of the passage 1 in such a manner as to provide substantially sealing co-operation while permitting mutual movement in the longitudinal direction of the portion 2.
- the cylindrical portion 2 forms a socalled horn at one side of the large-diameter portion 5 of a resonant stepped vibration amplifier which is attached at the opposite surface of the portion 5 to one side of a piezoelectric transducer element 6.
- a balancing body 7 is similarly attached to the opposite side of the transducer element 6, the arrangement being such that when an ac. voltage of a given ultrasonic frequency is applied to the piezoelectric element 6 by means of wires 9 and 10, resonant ultrasonic vibrations in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical horn portion 2 are applied to the large-diameter portion 5 of the vibration amplifier.
- horn portion 2 which is so dimensioned that maximum amplitude of oscillations is generated near the outer end 2a of the horn, which projects into the duct 1.
- a fuel passage 11 Arranged coaxially in cylindrical horn portion 2 is a fuel passage 11, and in order to provide a spray nozzle, this passage 11 is formed, near the end 2a of the horn portion 2, with a restricted throat portion 12 which terminates in an outwardly flared cone portion 13, and the fuel passage 11 is formed at the opposite end of the throat portion. with a conical valve-seat surface 14.
- the latter co-operates with a ball-valve element 15, which is normally held in contact with the seat 14 by a light spring 16. Liquid fuel under suitable pressure is admitted to the passage 11 by a transverse bore 17 formed in the portion 5 of the vibration-amplifier body, in which it is located near the nodal zone of oscillation.
- the ball valve 15 will return on to its seat 14 under the combined action of the fuel pressure in line 17, 11 and of its return spring 16, and will thus prevent the escape of fuel into the air stream in the duct 1 during the intervals between the pulses of ultrasonic vibration of the nozzle.
- the means for producing the required pulses of energization for the transducer element 6 may be substantially as described in the above-mentioned British Patent Specification No. 1,138,536. They are schematically indicated in FIG. 1 as a pulse generator P mechanically coupled to the engine E and having in addition a control input C. An oscillatory voltage of the frequency of the desired ultrasonic vibrations is produced by an oscillator O energized with current from a battery B, a pulse generator P geing operative to apply this oscillatory voltage to the wires 9 and in the form of the requisite pulses.
- the illustrated embodiment also shows other means by which the ball valve 15 can be lifted off its seat 14 during the periods in which injection is desired, and which do not rely on the dynamic action of ultrasonic vibration of the cylindrical horn member 2.
- these means can be used independently, they are used in the illustrated embodiment to increase the rate of flow permitted by the ball valve above the rate achieved when inertia action during the vibration is exclusively relied-upon.
- They comprise a solenoid winding 18 arranged round the cylindrical horn portion 2 at a suitable axial position.
- This cylindrical horn portion 2 is made of non-magnetic material, while the ball valve element 15 consists of magnetizable steel or other ferromagnetic material.
- the winding 18 is so positioned that the valve element 15 will be lifted off its seat 14 by magnetic action when the solenoid winding 18 is energized.
- the energizing current is preferably direct current; otherwise the cylindrical portion 2 should be made of a material having sufficiently low electric conductivity to avoid undue screening action by induced currents.
- Suitable means are provided for timing the energizing current pulses for the winding 18 so as to coincide with pulses of ultrasonic-frequency current applied to the piezoelectric element 6. In the illustrated embodiment this is achieved by connecting the winding, via a rectifier arrangement 19, 20 across the wires 9, 10, as shown by chain-dotted connecting lines 9a,
- FIG. 2 illustrates a further development of the invention which in experiments has been found to improve considerably the effectiveness of atomization at such high rates of fuel supply while retaining the advantages of ultrasonic atomization at lower rates.
- the same references as in FIG. 1 are used as in FIG. 1, and in which the parts not shown may be as shown in FIG.
- the stem 2 is formed with a stepped bore having two parts 11a, 11b, the latter being in the form of a counterbore, in which a valveseat member 14a forming the valve seat 14 and the nozzle passage 12, and a plug 21, which at its circumference is provided with helical grooves 22, are secured in axially spaced positions so as to leave between the plug 21 and the valve seat 14 a swirl chamber 23, in which the ball valve 15 is movable.
- This valve is normally held on its seat 14 by the pressure of the liquid fuel in the chamber 23, no spring having been found necessary in the tests carried out.
- An arrangement for injecting liquid fuel into combustion air for an internal combustion engine comprising: a nozzle body having an end face, a nozzle inlet in said body, a fuel passage for feeding liquid fuel to said nozzle inlet, a nozzle outlet in said end face, vibrator means which when energized apply ultrasonic vibrations to said nozzle body, energization control means for said vibrator means responsive to engine operating data to energize said vibrator means during engine operation to produce periods of vibration varying in duration according to the momentary fuel requirement of the engine, and a normally closed valve in said fuel passage which valve is open only when said ultrasonic vibrations are applied to said nozzle body thereby to atomize fuel from said end face.
- valve is a solenoid valve.
- valve is movable in the nozzle body in the longitudinal direction of the nozzle so that the valve is opened by its inertia when the nozzle is longitudinally vibrated.
- valve seat is provided at the inlet to the nozzle passage and the valve is arranged to co-operate with said seat so as to be urged on to the seat by the pressure of the fuel fed to the nozzle.
Abstract
Injection of liquid fuel into a combustion-air passage through an ultrasonically vibrated nozzle formed in a body is prevented during the intervals between pulses of vibration by a ball valve element co-operating with a seat at the inlet of the nozzle passage, this ball valve element being lifted off its seat during the vibration pulses by dynamic action resulting from the impulses it receives from the seat. In order to achieve a greater amount of opening, a solenoid may be provided which, when energized, acts on the valve element to lift it off its seat in opposition to the fuel pressure in the supply line and to the action of a return spring.
Description
-4 1 May 20, 1975 NOZZLES FOR THE INJECTION OF LIQUID FUEL INTO GASEOUS MEDIA Inventors: Bernard Raymond Sheffield,
Upminster; Mark Wallinger Goodinge, Hutton, both of England Plessey Handel und Investments A.G., Zug, Switzerland Filed: Jan. 30, 1973 Appl. No.: 327,905
Assignee:
Foreign Application Priority Data Feb. 1, 1972 United Kingdom 4609/72 U.S. Cl. 239/102; 239/488; 239/585 Int. Cl. F02m 27/08 Field of Search 239/102, 488, 585;
References Cited UNITED STATES PATENTS Kopa 239/102 X 3,613,649 10/1971 Moss et al.
3,731,880 5/1973 Williams 3,738,578 6/1973 Farrell 3,746,257 7/1973 Broad et al. 239/102 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,138,536 1/1969 United Kingdom 239/102 Primary ExaminerM. Henson Wood, Jr. Assistant Examiner-Andres Kashnikow Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Scrivener, Parker, Scrivener & Clarke [5 7] ABSTRACT Injection of liquid fuel into a combustion-air passage through an ultrasonically vibrated nozzle formed in a body is prevented during the intervals between pulses of vibration by a ball valve element co-operating with a seat at the inlet of the nozzle: passage, this ball valve element being lifted off its seat during the vibration pulses by dynamic action resulting from the impulses it receives from the seat. In order to achieve a greater amount of opening, a solenoid may be provided which, when energized, acts on the valve element to lift it off its seat in opposition to the fuel pressure in the supply line and to the action of a return spring.
8 Claims, 2 Drawing Figures F- PULSE GENERATOR ENGINE PATENTEBWO'WS I 3.884.417
OSCILLATOR g E B I P 'PULSE GENERATOR ENGINE NOZZLES FOR THE INJECTION F LIQUID FUEL INTO GASEOUS MEDIA This invention relates to fuel injection devices and has for an object to provide improved nozzle arrangements for the injection of liquid fuel into a gaseous medium and may be applied to the injection of liquid fuel into the combustion air of a turbo-jet engine or other gas turbine or internal combustion engine.
In order to ensure effective atomization of liquid fuel during its injection into combustion air, for example into the combustion air supplied to the burners of a gasturbine engine, within a wide range of fuel-supply rates, an injection-nozzle arrangement has been proposed which will hereinafter be referred-to as of the kind specified, and in which the fuel-injection nozzle is arranged to be subjected to vibrations, generally at ultrasonic or similar frequencies hereinafter called ultrasonic vibrations, the amount of fuel injected within a given period, for example within a revolution of the engine, being arranged to be controlled by varying the length of time in which the ultrasonic vibrations are applied, and thereby varying the length of time of injection, in each such period. In order to make this control effective, and also to avoid the injection of inadequately atomized fuel, it is necessary in this case to avoid as far as possible the injection of any fuel during the periods at which no vibrations are applied, and for this purpose it has been proposed in British patent specification No. 1,138,536 to maintain the fuel pressure at the nozzle inlet just below the value at which fuel would pass from the nozzle into the gas stream in the absence of vibrations and in US. Pat. No. 3,613,649 it has been proposed, as an alternative solution to this problem, to inject the fuel through the nozzle in such a manner as to form, in the absence of vibration, a solid jet which extends across the flow of combustion air and is intercepted by a collector orifice, from which it is returned to the fuel system without reaching the combustion chamber, while when vibrations are applied to the nozzle, the jet is broken-up by the vibrations into small droplets which are conveyed by the flow of combustion air to the combustion chamber.
The present invention has for a more specific object to provide an arrangement of improved efficiency for effecting metered injection of liquid fuel into a flow of combustion air for a combustion engine with the help of a nozzle subjected to pulses of ultrasonic longitudinal vibrations, in which variation of the length of the pulses of vibration is utilized to vary the amount of fuel injected during each revolution of the engine.
According to the present invention the nozzle of an injection-nozzle arrangement of the kind specified is equipped at its inlet side with a valve, preferably a ball valve, which is arranged to normally close the inlet to the nozzle passage and thus to prevent the transfer of fuel to the combustion air but to be automatically operated to permit flow of fuel through the nozzle passage into the combustion air during the periods in which atomization is intended to be effective. In a preferred arrangement, in which periods in which the nozzle is vibrated in its longitudinal direction to render atomization effective, are separated by periods in which there is no such vibration, and the valve is arranged to be normally held on its seat by fuel pressure, which may be assisted by spring action, although the valve could,
if desired, be alternatively so arranged that the fuel pressure tends to open the valve, which is normally held closed in this case by the opposite action of spring pressure. Inertia forces will effect, during the times in which longitudinal vibrations are applied to the nozzle, opening of the non-return valve to permit the flow of fuel. Alternatively the opening of the valve may be arranged to be effected by magnetic action upon the valve element, for example with the help of a solenoid coil which is energized to permit injection, during the periods of vibration of the nozzle, and if desired such an arrangement may also be used to assist the above mentioned inertia operation. If magnetic operation is required, the valve element is made wholly or partly of magnetic material and is so arranged as to be urged in a direction away from its seat by the magnetic action of the energized solenoid.
In order that the invention may be more readily understood, reference will now be made to the accompanying drawing, in which:
FIG. 1 is a somewhat diagrammatic axial section of one embodiment of an injection nozzle arrangement according to the present invention, and
FIG. 2 is a fragmentary section illustrating a modification thereof.
Referring now first to FIG. 1, 1 indicates a passage, which may be the induction line of an internalcombustion engine, or, for example, a passage leading from the air-compressor unit to the burners of a turbojet engine or other gas-turbine E. In order to inject liquid fuel into the combustion air, which may be assumed to pass through the line 1 in the direction of the arrow A, a cylindrical nozzle portion 2 of an atomizer 3 is arranged to project with its end 2a through an aperture 4 in the wall of the passage 1 in such a manner as to provide substantially sealing co-operation while permitting mutual movement in the longitudinal direction of the portion 2. The cylindrical portion 2 forms a socalled horn at one side of the large-diameter portion 5 of a resonant stepped vibration amplifier which is attached at the opposite surface of the portion 5 to one side of a piezoelectric transducer element 6. A balancing body 7 is similarly attached to the opposite side of the transducer element 6, the arrangement being such that when an ac. voltage of a given ultrasonic frequency is applied to the piezoelectric element 6 by means of wires 9 and 10, resonant ultrasonic vibrations in the longitudinal direction of the cylindrical horn portion 2 are applied to the large-diameter portion 5 of the vibration amplifier. The amplitude of the vibrations is magnified in horn portion 2, which is so dimensioned that maximum amplitude of oscillations is generated near the outer end 2a of the horn, which projects into the duct 1. Arranged coaxially in cylindrical horn portion 2 is a fuel passage 11, and in order to provide a spray nozzle, this passage 11 is formed, near the end 2a of the horn portion 2, with a restricted throat portion 12 which terminates in an outwardly flared cone portion 13, and the fuel passage 11 is formed at the opposite end of the throat portion. with a conical valve-seat surface 14. The latter co-operates with a ball-valve element 15, which is normally held in contact with the seat 14 by a light spring 16. Liquid fuel under suitable pressure is admitted to the passage 11 by a transverse bore 17 formed in the portion 5 of the vibration-amplifier body, in which it is located near the nodal zone of oscillation.
With the arrangement as so far described, it will be readily appreciated that the co-operation of the ballvalve element 15 with its seat 14 will normally prevent any fuel from leaving the passage 11 through the nozzle 12 and thus being injected into the flow of combustion air in the duct 1. When, however, an alternating voltage of the appropriate ultrasonic frequency is applied to the piezoelectric transducer element 6 by the wires 9 and 10, the resultant resonant vibration of the end portion 2a of the cylindrical horn 2 of the resonant vibration amplifier will produce dynamic forces upon the ball-valve element 15 which lift the latter off its seat, thus permitting fuel from the passage 11 to pass through the nozzle passage 12 into the duct 1 and to produce there, while the ultrasonic vibrations take place, a spray of fuel, which is atomized by these vibrations to become intimately mixed with the flow of combustion air in the duct 1 and thus to produce the desired fuel-and-air mixture as long as the ultrasonicfrequency voltage is applied to the piezoelectric transducer element 6. As soon as the application of this ultrasonic-frequency voltage ceases, the ball valve 15 will return on to its seat 14 under the combined action of the fuel pressure in line 17, 11 and of its return spring 16, and will thus prevent the escape of fuel into the air stream in the duct 1 during the intervals between the pulses of ultrasonic vibration of the nozzle.
The means for producing the required pulses of energization for the transducer element 6 may be substantially as described in the above-mentioned British Patent Specification No. 1,138,536. They are schematically indicated in FIG. 1 as a pulse generator P mechanically coupled to the engine E and having in addition a control input C. An oscillatory voltage of the frequency of the desired ultrasonic vibrations is produced by an oscillator O energized with current from a battery B, a pulse generator P geing operative to apply this oscillatory voltage to the wires 9 and in the form of the requisite pulses.
The illustrated embodiment also shows other means by which the ball valve 15 can be lifted off its seat 14 during the periods in which injection is desired, and which do not rely on the dynamic action of ultrasonic vibration of the cylindrical horn member 2. Although these means can be used independently, they are used in the illustrated embodiment to increase the rate of flow permitted by the ball valve above the rate achieved when inertia action during the vibration is exclusively relied-upon. They comprise a solenoid winding 18 arranged round the cylindrical horn portion 2 at a suitable axial position. This cylindrical horn portion 2 is made of non-magnetic material, while the ball valve element 15 consists of magnetizable steel or other ferromagnetic material. The winding 18 is so positioned that the valve element 15 will be lifted off its seat 14 by magnetic action when the solenoid winding 18 is energized. The energizing current is preferably direct current; otherwise the cylindrical portion 2 should be made of a material having sufficiently low electric conductivity to avoid undue screening action by induced currents. Suitable means are provided for timing the energizing current pulses for the winding 18 so as to coincide with pulses of ultrasonic-frequency current applied to the piezoelectric element 6. In the illustrated embodiment this is achieved by connecting the winding, via a rectifier arrangement 19, 20 across the wires 9, 10, as shown by chain-dotted connecting lines 9a,
10a. It will be readily appreciated by a person skilled in the art that the described solenoid arrangement may be modified in various ways, for example by combining a non-magnetic valve element with a magnetic armature connected to it for common movement, and that, on the other hand the function of the ball-valve arrangement in an ultrasonically vibratable nozzle is independent of any particular means applied for producing the ultrasonic vibrations.
It has been found that while the atomization of the fuel achieved by the application of ultrasonic vibrations to the nozzle is highly effective at low and medium rates of fuel supply, it tends to become inadequate beyond a certain flow rate for any given nozzle arrangement, and FIG. 2 illustrates a further development of the invention which in experiments has been found to improve considerably the effectiveness of atomization at such high rates of fuel supply while retaining the advantages of ultrasonic atomization at lower rates. In this arrangement, in which the same references as in FIG. 1 are used as in FIG. 1, and in which the parts not shown may be as shown in FIG. 1, the stem 2 is formed with a stepped bore having two parts 11a, 11b, the latter being in the form of a counterbore, in which a valveseat member 14a forming the valve seat 14 and the nozzle passage 12, and a plug 21, which at its circumference is provided with helical grooves 22, are secured in axially spaced positions so as to leave between the plug 21 and the valve seat 14 a swirl chamber 23, in which the ball valve 15 is movable. This valve is normally held on its seat 14 by the pressure of the liquid fuel in the chamber 23, no spring having been found necessary in the tests carried out.
When during the application to the nozzle of longitudinal vibrations, liquid fuel passes through the nozzle at a relatively high rate, the rate of swirl produced at the circumference of the chamber by the flow through the helical passage 22 increases as the cross-section of the flow is constricted to pass through the small-diameter passage 12, thereby introducing effective swirl atomization action, and it has been found that such an effect can be achieved without the use of additional valveoperating means such as a solenoid arrangement.
What we claim is:
1. An arrangement for injecting liquid fuel into combustion air for an internal combustion engine comprising: a nozzle body having an end face, a nozzle inlet in said body, a fuel passage for feeding liquid fuel to said nozzle inlet, a nozzle outlet in said end face, vibrator means which when energized apply ultrasonic vibrations to said nozzle body, energization control means for said vibrator means responsive to engine operating data to energize said vibrator means during engine operation to produce periods of vibration varying in duration according to the momentary fuel requirement of the engine, and a normally closed valve in said fuel passage which valve is open only when said ultrasonic vibrations are applied to said nozzle body thereby to atomize fuel from said end face.
2. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein said valve is a solenoid valve.
3. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the valve is movable in the nozzle body in the longitudinal direction of the nozzle so that the valve is opened by its inertia when the nozzle is longitudinally vibrated.
4. An arrangement as claimed in claim 3, wherein solenoid-actuating means, and means for energizing these actuating means to open the valve for the period of each vibration pulse, are additionally provided.
5. An arrangement as claimed in claim 3, wherein a valve seat is provided at the inlet to the nozzle passage and the valve is arranged to co-operate with said seat so as to be urged on to the seat by the pressure of the fuel fed to the nozzle.
6. An arrangement as claimed in claim 5, wherein the nozzle body is provided with a swirl chamber of a diameter substantially greater than the seat diameter, the valve seat being arranged at the transition from the
Claims (8)
1. An arrangement for injecting liquid fuel into combustion air for an internal combustion engine comprising: a nozzle body having an end face, a nozzle inlet in said body, a fuel passage for feeding liquid fuel to said nozzle inlet, a nozzle outlet in said end face, vibrator means which when energized apply ultrasonic vibrations to said nozzle body, energization control means for said vibrator means responsive to engine operating data to energize said vibrator means during engine operation to produce periods of vibration varying in duration according to the momentary fuel requirement of the engine, and a normally closed valve in said fuel passage which valve is open only when said ultrasonic vibrations are applied to said nozzle body thereby to atomize fuel from said end face.
2. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1 wherein said valve is a solenoid valve.
3. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein the valve is movable in the nozzle body in the longitudinal direction of the nozzle so that the valve is opened by its inertia when the nozzle is longitudinally vibrated.
4. An arrangement as claimed in claim 3, wherein solenoid-actuating means, and means for energizing these actuating means to open the valve for the period of each vibration pulse, are additionally provided.
5. An arrangement as claimed in claim 3, wherein a valve seat is provided at the inlet to the nozzle passage and the valve is arranged to co-operate with said seat so as to be urged on to the seat by the pressurE of the fuel fed to the nozzle.
6. An arrangement as claimed in claim 5, wherein the nozzle body is provided with a swirl chamber of a diameter substantially greater than the seat diameter, the valve seat being arranged at the transition from the swirl chamber to the nozzle, and an annular-section inlet passage being arranged coaxially with the nozzle and its swirl chamber, said passage being so constructed as to form helical ducts through which the fuel supplied passes into the swirl chamber.
7. An arrangement as claimed in claim 1, wherein said valve is a ball valve.
8. An arrangement as claimed in claim 7, wherein said ball valve is spring biassed to the normally closed position.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB460972A GB1420313A (en) | 1972-02-01 | 1972-02-01 | Nozzles for the injection of liquid fuel into gaseous media |
GB4071575A GB1556998A (en) | 1972-02-01 | 1975-10-04 | Fuel injection systems |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3884417A true US3884417A (en) | 1975-05-20 |
Family
ID=26239266
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US327905A Expired - Lifetime US3884417A (en) | 1972-02-01 | 1973-01-30 | Nozzles for the injection of liquid fuel into gaseous media |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3884417A (en) |
DE (2) | DE2304525A1 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2326590A2 (en) |
Cited By (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4000852A (en) * | 1975-03-05 | 1977-01-04 | Plessey Handel Und Investments A.G. | Fuel atomizers |
US4013223A (en) * | 1974-07-16 | 1977-03-22 | Plessey Handel Und Investments A.G. | Fuel injection nozzle arrangement |
US4060199A (en) * | 1975-10-01 | 1977-11-29 | Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. | Electromagnetic fuel injection valve |
US4127087A (en) * | 1975-09-19 | 1978-11-28 | Plessey Handel Und Investments Ag | Electronic drive signal distribution arrangement for a fuel injection system |
US4166605A (en) * | 1976-01-20 | 1979-09-04 | Plessey Handel Und Investments Ag | Device for metering liquids |
US4389999A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1983-06-28 | Rockwell International Corporation | Ultrasonic check valve and diesel fuel injector |
US4621771A (en) * | 1982-02-16 | 1986-11-11 | Taisan Industrial Co., Ltd. | Flow control nozzle |
US4684104A (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1987-08-04 | Solex and Regie Nationale des Uines Renault | Electrically controlled valve with piezoelectric effect |
WO1990010469A1 (en) * | 1989-03-07 | 1990-09-20 | Karl Holm | An atomizing nozzle device for atomizing a fluid and an inhaler |
US5025766A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1991-06-25 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Fuel injection valve and fuel supply system equipped therewith for internal combustion engines |
US5197675A (en) * | 1991-02-11 | 1993-03-30 | Siemens Automotive L.P. | Fuel rail having rolling ball fuel injectors |
US5366163A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1994-11-22 | Siemens Automotive L.P. | Fuel injector valve having a sphere for the valve element |
US5801106A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1998-09-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Polymeric strands with high surface area or altered surface properties |
US5803106A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1998-09-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic apparatus and method for increasing the flow rate of a liquid through an orifice |
US5868153A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1999-02-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid flow control apparatus and method |
WO1999008030A1 (en) * | 1997-08-12 | 1999-02-18 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Quick-acting valve |
US5878960A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1999-03-09 | Rimrock Corporation | Pulse-wave-modulated spray valve |
WO1999035423A3 (en) * | 1998-01-07 | 1999-08-07 | Dietmar Neuhaus | Quick-acting valve |
US6020277A (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 2000-02-01 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Polymeric strands with enhanced tensile strength, nonwoven webs including such strands, and methods for making same |
US6053424A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2000-04-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Apparatus and method for ultrasonically producing a spray of liquid |
US6209563B1 (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2001-04-03 | Saturn Electronics & Engineering, Inc. | Solenoid control valve |
US6321767B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2001-11-27 | Saturn Electronics & Engineering, Inc. | High flow solenoid control valve |
US6380264B1 (en) | 1994-06-23 | 2002-04-30 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Apparatus and method for emulsifying a pressurized multi-component liquid |
US6395216B1 (en) | 1994-06-23 | 2002-05-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method and apparatus for ultrasonically assisted melt extrusion of fibers |
US6450417B1 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2002-09-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid fuel injection apparatus and method |
US6543700B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2003-04-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic unitized fuel injector with ceramic valve body |
US6581634B2 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2003-06-24 | Saturn Electronics & Engineering, Inc. | Solenoid control valve with particle gettering magnet |
US6663027B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2003-12-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Unitized injector modified for ultrasonically stimulated operation |
US20040079424A1 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2004-04-29 | Masatoshi Takeda | Valve unit and fluid control chip |
US20060102234A1 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-18 | David Meisel | Device for creating a pulsating flow of gas or fluid |
US20090166274A1 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2009-07-02 | Eaton Corporation | Engine valve with a combined engine oil filter and valve actuator solenoid |
US20110005604A1 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2011-01-13 | Fluid Automation Systems S.A. | Electrically actuated valve with a ball sealing element |
RU2465965C1 (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2012-11-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Центр ультразвуковых технологий АлтГТУ" | Method of controlling ultrasound spraying |
US20130299725A1 (en) * | 2011-02-10 | 2013-11-14 | Fluid Automation Systems S.A. | Electrically actuated valve with a sealing ball |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB1471916A (en) * | 1974-03-14 | 1977-04-27 | Plessey Co Ltd | Fuel injection arrangements having vibrating fuel injection nozzles |
GB1552419A (en) * | 1975-08-20 | 1979-09-12 | Plessey Co Ltd | Fuel injection system |
US4132203A (en) * | 1977-03-17 | 1979-01-02 | The Bendix Corporation | Single point intermittent flow fuel injection |
DE3124854C2 (en) * | 1981-06-24 | 1985-03-14 | Reinhard 8057 Eching Mühlbauer | High pressure injection system with ultrasonic atomization |
DE3942449A1 (en) * | 1989-12-22 | 1991-07-04 | Daimler Benz Ag | Fuel injection system for IC engine - comprising vibrating unit with piezoelectric crystal and vibrating horn as fuel disperser and metering valve |
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US3746257A (en) * | 1971-06-21 | 1973-07-17 | Plessey Handel Investment Ag | Fuel injection systems more particularly for liquid fuel burners |
-
1973
- 1973-01-30 US US327905A patent/US3884417A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1973-01-31 DE DE2304525A patent/DE2304525A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1976
- 1976-10-01 DE DE19762644464 patent/DE2644464A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1976-10-01 FR FR7629534A patent/FR2326590A2/en active Granted
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US2410946A (en) * | 1943-04-10 | 1946-11-12 | Caterpillar Tractor Co | Fuel injection mechanism |
US2949900A (en) * | 1958-06-02 | 1960-08-23 | Albert G Bodine | Sonic liquid sprayer |
US3004720A (en) * | 1958-09-24 | 1961-10-17 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | Fuel injection valve arrangement |
US3100084A (en) * | 1961-08-01 | 1963-08-06 | Gulf Research Development Co | Constant flow rate fuel injection nozzle |
US3241768A (en) * | 1963-05-01 | 1966-03-22 | Ass Eng Ltd | Fuel injection valves |
US3376027A (en) * | 1964-02-19 | 1968-04-02 | Univ California | Fuel atomizing carburetors |
US3317139A (en) * | 1965-04-13 | 1967-05-02 | Simms Group Res Dev Ltd | Devices for generating and delivering mechanical vibrations to a nozzle |
US3613649A (en) * | 1969-06-25 | 1971-10-19 | Plessey Co Ltd | Fuel injection systems for internal-combustion engines fed with a fuel-and-air mixture |
US3746257A (en) * | 1971-06-21 | 1973-07-17 | Plessey Handel Investment Ag | Fuel injection systems more particularly for liquid fuel burners |
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Cited By (45)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4013223A (en) * | 1974-07-16 | 1977-03-22 | Plessey Handel Und Investments A.G. | Fuel injection nozzle arrangement |
US4000852A (en) * | 1975-03-05 | 1977-01-04 | Plessey Handel Und Investments A.G. | Fuel atomizers |
US4127087A (en) * | 1975-09-19 | 1978-11-28 | Plessey Handel Und Investments Ag | Electronic drive signal distribution arrangement for a fuel injection system |
US4060199A (en) * | 1975-10-01 | 1977-11-29 | Robert Bosch G.M.B.H. | Electromagnetic fuel injection valve |
US4166605A (en) * | 1976-01-20 | 1979-09-04 | Plessey Handel Und Investments Ag | Device for metering liquids |
US4389999A (en) * | 1980-08-18 | 1983-06-28 | Rockwell International Corporation | Ultrasonic check valve and diesel fuel injector |
US4621771A (en) * | 1982-02-16 | 1986-11-11 | Taisan Industrial Co., Ltd. | Flow control nozzle |
US4684104A (en) * | 1984-07-06 | 1987-08-04 | Solex and Regie Nationale des Uines Renault | Electrically controlled valve with piezoelectric effect |
US5025766A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1991-06-25 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Fuel injection valve and fuel supply system equipped therewith for internal combustion engines |
US5099815A (en) * | 1987-08-24 | 1992-03-31 | Hitachi, Ltd. | Fuel injection valve and fuel supply system equipped therewith for internal combustion engines |
WO1990010469A1 (en) * | 1989-03-07 | 1990-09-20 | Karl Holm | An atomizing nozzle device for atomizing a fluid and an inhaler |
US5193745A (en) * | 1989-03-07 | 1993-03-16 | Karl Holm | Atomizing nozzle device for atomizing a fluid and an inhaler |
US5197675A (en) * | 1991-02-11 | 1993-03-30 | Siemens Automotive L.P. | Fuel rail having rolling ball fuel injectors |
US5366163A (en) * | 1993-09-02 | 1994-11-22 | Siemens Automotive L.P. | Fuel injector valve having a sphere for the valve element |
US6020277A (en) * | 1994-06-23 | 2000-02-01 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Polymeric strands with enhanced tensile strength, nonwoven webs including such strands, and methods for making same |
US6395216B1 (en) | 1994-06-23 | 2002-05-28 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method and apparatus for ultrasonically assisted melt extrusion of fibers |
US6380264B1 (en) | 1994-06-23 | 2002-04-30 | Kimberly-Clark Corporation | Apparatus and method for emulsifying a pressurized multi-component liquid |
US6053424A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 2000-04-25 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Apparatus and method for ultrasonically producing a spray of liquid |
US5868153A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1999-02-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid flow control apparatus and method |
US6659365B2 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2003-12-09 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid fuel injection apparatus and method |
US6450417B1 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2002-09-17 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide Inc. | Ultrasonic liquid fuel injection apparatus and method |
US6315215B1 (en) | 1995-12-21 | 2001-11-13 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Apparatus and method for ultrasonically self-cleaning an orifice |
US5803106A (en) * | 1995-12-21 | 1998-09-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic apparatus and method for increasing the flow rate of a liquid through an orifice |
US5801106A (en) * | 1996-05-10 | 1998-09-01 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Polymeric strands with high surface area or altered surface properties |
US5878960A (en) * | 1997-02-28 | 1999-03-09 | Rimrock Corporation | Pulse-wave-modulated spray valve |
WO1999008030A1 (en) * | 1997-08-12 | 1999-02-18 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Quick-acting valve |
US5967485A (en) * | 1998-01-07 | 1999-10-19 | Deutsches Zentrum Fuer Luft- Un Raumfahrt E.V. | Quick-action valve |
EP0928919A3 (en) * | 1998-01-07 | 1999-09-15 | Deutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt e.V. | Fast-switching valve |
WO1999035423A3 (en) * | 1998-01-07 | 1999-08-07 | Dietmar Neuhaus | Quick-acting valve |
US6209563B1 (en) | 2000-01-07 | 2001-04-03 | Saturn Electronics & Engineering, Inc. | Solenoid control valve |
US6321767B1 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2001-11-27 | Saturn Electronics & Engineering, Inc. | High flow solenoid control valve |
US6581634B2 (en) | 2000-01-10 | 2003-06-24 | Saturn Electronics & Engineering, Inc. | Solenoid control valve with particle gettering magnet |
US20040016831A1 (en) * | 2000-12-11 | 2004-01-29 | Jameson Lee Kirby | Method of retrofitting an unitized injector for ultrasonically stimulated operation |
US6663027B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2003-12-16 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Unitized injector modified for ultrasonically stimulated operation |
US6543700B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2003-04-08 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Ultrasonic unitized fuel injector with ceramic valve body |
US6880770B2 (en) | 2000-12-11 | 2005-04-19 | Kimberly-Clark Worldwide, Inc. | Method of retrofitting an unitized injector for ultrasonically stimulated operation |
US20040079424A1 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2004-04-29 | Masatoshi Takeda | Valve unit and fluid control chip |
US7163026B2 (en) * | 2002-10-16 | 2007-01-16 | Matsushita Electric Industrial Co., Ltd. | Valve unit and fluid control chip |
US20060102234A1 (en) * | 2004-11-17 | 2006-05-18 | David Meisel | Device for creating a pulsating flow of gas or fluid |
US20090166274A1 (en) * | 2007-05-24 | 2009-07-02 | Eaton Corporation | Engine valve with a combined engine oil filter and valve actuator solenoid |
US20110005604A1 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2011-01-13 | Fluid Automation Systems S.A. | Electrically actuated valve with a ball sealing element |
US9695946B2 (en) * | 2008-02-27 | 2017-07-04 | Fluid Automation Systems S.A. | Electrically actuated valve with a ball sealing element |
US20130299725A1 (en) * | 2011-02-10 | 2013-11-14 | Fluid Automation Systems S.A. | Electrically actuated valve with a sealing ball |
US9228671B2 (en) * | 2011-02-10 | 2016-01-05 | Fluid Automation Systems S.A. | Electrically actuated valve with a sealing ball |
RU2465965C1 (en) * | 2011-10-06 | 2012-11-10 | Общество с ограниченной ответственностью "Центр ультразвуковых технологий АлтГТУ" | Method of controlling ultrasound spraying |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE2644464A1 (en) | 1977-04-14 |
DE2304525A1 (en) | 1973-08-16 |
FR2326590A2 (en) | 1977-04-29 |
FR2326590B2 (en) | 1979-08-31 |
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Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: EATON CORPORATION 100 ERIEVIEW PLAZA CLEVELAND, OH Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:PLESSEY OVERSEAS LIMITED;REEL/FRAME:004139/0101 Effective date: 19830607 |