US3900062A - Zero degree belted tires built with high soft stretch belt-forming tapes - Google Patents
Zero degree belted tires built with high soft stretch belt-forming tapes Download PDFInfo
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- US3900062A US3900062A US359118A US35911873A US3900062A US 3900062 A US3900062 A US 3900062A US 359118 A US359118 A US 359118A US 35911873 A US35911873 A US 35911873A US 3900062 A US3900062 A US 3900062A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- cords
- cord
- tape
- tire according
- belt
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- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
- D04B—KNITTING
- D04B23/00—Flat warp knitting machines
- D04B23/12—Flat warp knitting machines with provision for incorporating unlooped wefts extending from selvedge to selvedge
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/0042—Reinforcements made of synthetic materials
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
- B60C—VEHICLE TYRES; TYRE INFLATION; TYRE CHANGING; CONNECTING VALVES TO INFLATABLE ELASTIC BODIES IN GENERAL; DEVICES OR ARRANGEMENTS RELATED TO TYRES
- B60C9/00—Reinforcements or ply arrangement of pneumatic tyres
- B60C9/18—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers
- B60C9/20—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel
- B60C9/22—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel the plies being arranged with all cords disposed along the circumference of the tyre
- B60C9/2204—Structure or arrangement of belts or breakers, crown-reinforcing or cushioning layers built-up from rubberised plies each having all cords arranged substantially parallel the plies being arranged with all cords disposed along the circumference of the tyre obtained by circumferentially narrow strip winding
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T152/00—Resilient tires and wheels
- Y10T152/10—Tires, resilient
- Y10T152/10495—Pneumatic tire or inner tube
- Y10T152/10765—Characterized by belt or breaker structure
- Y10T152/10783—Reinforcing plies made up from wound narrow ribbons
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24058—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including grain, strips, or filamentary elements in respective layers or components in angular relation
- Y10T428/24074—Strand or strand-portions
Definitions
- the tape is composed of a plurality of cords each having formed therein a multiplicity ofundulations which in any given straight length of the tape are substantially planar, the cords being disposed in side by side relation so that the planes of the undulations of each ,rd are generally parallel to the planes of the undulations of each adjacent cord, and the cords together with a relatively weak and frangible but only minimally undulated stabilizing yarn for the tape being secured to each other and held in their undulating state by a relative weak, chain stitch knitted, frangible stitching yarn or thread.
- the belt-forming structure is built by helically winding such tape circumferentially of the building drum in the medial region of the still cylindrical or flat band carcass at an angle of substantially 90 to a plane including the common axis of the carcass and the building drum, with the undulations of the cords on end", i.e., in planes generally normal to the surface of the building drum.
- This invention relates to belted pneumatic rubber tires, as well as to high soft stretch tapes made of substantially inextensible reinforcing cords and adapted for use in the building and protection of 0 belted tires and in particular for use in the formation of the belts of such tires.
- the belt is made of one or more pieces of generally inextensible reinforcing cord which, in any given ply, are parallel to each other and confined between ply-wide skim coats of rubber and may be oriented at a predetermined angle of up to about 35 or so to the mediam equatorial of mid-circumferential plane of the tire.
- plies are generally provided in pairs, with the cords in paired plies being oriented at equal but opposite angles to said plane.
- the terms 0 belt” and 0 belted are used to describe tire constructions in which the belt cords are oriented either truly circumferentially of the tire or at an angle of substantially 0, i.e. preferably less than l but in any event no more than about 2, to that direction.
- the terms bias belt and bias belted are used to describe tire construction in which the belt cords are oriented at angles greater than 2 relative to the circumferential direction.
- the term low angle is used to designate bias belts having a cord angle of up to about 25 to the circumferential direction, while the term high angle is used to designate bias belts having a cord angle above about 25 to the circumferential direction.
- rubber as used herein is intended to denote both natural and synthetic rubbes or rubberlike materials, and blends thereof, specific formulations of which for a wide variety of different tire applications are well known and need not be explicitly set forth herein.
- substantially inextensible is used herein to designate the essential characteristics of filamentary reinforcing cords, which may be made of metalic materials such as steel wire or the like or of non-metallic materials such as cotton, rayon, nylon, polyester, polyvinyl alcohol, glass fiber, or the like, of being able to withstand, without substantial elongation, the tensile stresses in the belt normally encountered in service.
- any such plies must, however, be spliced at their abutting or overlapped ends, which introduces a source of possible errors and defects into the tire structures.
- strechable cords be used in the belt plies in lieu of the conventional cords, each such cord being composed of one or more reinforcing yarns helically wrapped at a wide pitch about an elongated, precured, rubber core.
- the ply splicing problem nevertheless remains, and the use of stretchable cords in the plies does not eliminate the pantographing thereof during the shaping operation.
- it is an important object of the present invention ot provide a novel high soft stretch reinforcing cord tape construction designed for use in building the belt-forming structures of belted tires and capable of rendering feasible the single-stage building of such tires, i.e. the building of the belt-forming structure of a 0 belted tire while the carcass of the tire is still in its original or as built state.
- a high soft stretch tape according to the basic aspects of the present invention comprises a continuous, longitudinally extensible strand of one or more substantially inextensible cords each having formed therein a multiplicity of undulations which in any given straight length of the tape are substantially planar, the undulations preferably being of a generally sinusoidal nature.
- the term soft stretch is used herein to denote the ability of the tape to be longitudinally considerably extended by the straightening of its component cord or cords without the latter being stretched.
- the tape is made by passing the required number of individual cords, each of which may be untreated or may have a coating of rubber or latex or other rubberadhesion promoting material pre-applied thereto, through an apparatus including an undulating and tying device by which they are both undulated and secured to each other in the desired relation, and means for controlling and synchronizing the cord feed rate into, and the tape feed rate out of, said device so as to ensure that the final tape has the desired stretch ratio (the ratio of straightened cord length to unextended tape length).
- the undulating and tying device preferably is a warp knitting mechanism or the like and is operated to knit a relatively weak and frangible cotton or like yarn or thread into a chain-stitch form while simultaneously therewith each cord to be included in the tape is being shuttled reciprocally across the needle path and laid into the stitches or loops of the yarn.
- the latter thus hold each cord in its undulating state, and where the tape includes a plurality of cords, more than one of these may also be tied to each other by the stitches.
- the cords are disposed side by side and laid into the stitches with the undulations of laterally adjacent cords in parallel planes and out of phase with each other.
- another relatively weak and frangible cotton or like thread or yarn is preferably also laid into and held by the stitches but in almost straight condition with only minimal undulation.
- each cord may also be provided with a multiplicity of longitudinally spaced locally weakened portions to enhance its ability to be stretched and elongated somewhat after being fully straightened out.
- the weakening of the cords which may be effected mechanically, chemically, or otherwise, is preferably effected by a weakening device included in the apparatus so as to be traversed by the cords before they reach the undulating and tying device, and is carried out in such a manner as to leave them with a relatively low residual tensile strength, generally on the order of about 5 to of their full tensile strength but nevertheless sufficient to permit the cords to be fed and processed through the undulating and tying device.
- the weakening interval i.e. the cord length betwen successive weakened portions
- the weakening interval is selected and preset to be different than, but not equal to a regular fraction or multiple of, the ultimately intended circumferential length of a full turn of the belt cord in the finished tire.
- the apparatus in addition to the components so far described, also includes, when a weakening device is present, means for phasing the cords entering the undulating and tying device in such a manner that when they have been fashioned into a tape, the weakened portions of each cord of that tape are out of lateral alignment with the respective weakened portions of each next adjacent cord.
- the apparatus further includes, in addition to the facilities for making as many low cord number tapes as are required, means for bringing the low cord number tapes together into side by side relation after they leave the undulating and tying device, and means for causing the tapes to adhere firmly to each other so as to create the final high cord number tape.
- the apparatus will also include means for phasing the respective low cord number tapes as they leave the undulating and tying device in such a manner that when they are brought together, the weakened portions of the respective proximate or facing side cords of the tapes are out of lateral alignment with each other.
- the degree of soft stretch, i.e. the stretch ratio, of the tape will depend on the extent to which, for any given tire, the beltforming structure built up of such tape will have to expand radially from its building diameter to the final belt diameter.
- the stretch ratio will then be no greater than,substantially equal-to the expansion ratio of the tire, defined as the ratio of the diameter of the final belt in the shaped tire to the mean diameter of the belt-forming structure on the building drum (or, in other words, as the ratio of the circumferential length of one full turn of the belt cord in the shaped tire to the circumferential length of one full turn of the starting tape on the building drum).
- the stretch ratio may be less than the expansion ratio, it is contemplated by the present invention that it will be no smaller than the expansion ratio less the elastic strain capability of the cord in the case of an unweakened cord tape, and in the case of a weakened cord tape no smaller than the expansion ratio less approximately the capability of the cord to elongate by strain, by partial untwisting, and by ultimate rupture at the weakened positions.
- the belt-forming structure is built up (either on the same drum or on another one of the same diameter and either at the same station or at a different one if the carcass is being built at one place and the belt and tread rubber are to be added another) by winding an appropriate amount of high soft stretch tape helically about the medial region of the still as built, e.g. cylindrical or flat band, carcass at an angle of substantially 90 to a plane including the axis of the carcass, i.e. at an angle of substantially 0 to a plane perpendicular to the said axis.
- the tape is preferably Wound so as to dispose the undualtions thereof on end relative to the carcass, i.e., in plane generally normal to the surface of the carcass or the drum surface. It will be understood that the tape,
- the winding operation may be either unidirectional or bidirectional with reference to the axis of the building drum and is continued until the tape-constituted belt-forming structure extends over the desired width of the medial region of the carcass.
- the rubber tread and sidewall stocks as well as any other still missing tire components are then applied to the carcass, with any tread splices being stitched under conditions ensuring that no undesired bunching of the belt cord tape turns will occur.
- the raw or green tire in its as built form is removed from the building drum and is ready to be subjected to the final shaping and curing operations.
- the tape used may have a soft stretch or stretch ratio as nearly as possible exactly equal to that actually required for the full expansion.
- the tape used will normally have a stretch ratio somewhat less than the full expansion ratio, say between about 1 and 3 percent less, so that the cords become fully straigtened and the undulations disappear therefrom shortly before the shaping operation is completed. In such a case, of course. during the final expansion of the tire, cg.
- the belt cords upon the forcing of the tire against the mold surfaces under high internal pressure after the mold is closed.
- the belt cords will be subjected to fairly high tensile stresses and will stretch and elongate to the extent required.
- the cords by virtue of their construction and the stress-strain characteristics of the cord material. can accommodate the resultant strain and elongation without exceeding their elastic limit, the fact that they are weakened will not lead to any problems.
- the cords are locally weakened, on the other hand, they will additionally have an increased ability to undergo a hard stretch" without adverse effect, i.e., they will be able to elongate either by the strain of the cord material, or by being able to untwist somewhat between the weakened portions, or by actually breaking at one or more of the locations of the various weakened portions thereof, or by a combination of these characteristics.
- the weakening of the cords of the tape at a multiplicity of longitudinally spaced points as described thus can be seen to provide a margin of safety, due to the presence of which a possible choice of a tape stretch ratio lower than ordinary relative to the tire expansion ratio can be tolerated and compensated for.
- the 0 belt-forming structure When a tape of multiple side by side cords wound on end is used to build the 0 belt-forming structure, the latter can be built with appreciably reduced expenditures of time and labor and the resultant belt is a plural-wind structure with the various cords in a multiple lead screw thread-like arrangement.
- the formation of the ultimate 0 belt is, furthermore, effected without the kind of pantographing cord movement which characterizes the known bias belted tire manufacturing operations, even though the final belt diameter in the mold is considerably greater than the starting mean diameter of the beltforming structure on the drum.
- the final belt is devoid of splices, the ab sence of which leads to a greater degree of uniformity and dynamic balance in the finished tire.
- the belt is also devoid of circumferentially contiguous, obliquely laterally directed, cut cord ends in the shoulder regions of the tire, which would be inevitably present in any tire utilizing bias belts constituted by one or more biascut fabric plies circumferentially laid about the carcass and could become a source of weakness, e.g. ply separa' tion.
- the 0 belt leads to another advantage, i.e. a maximized hoop modulus of the tire in the circumferential direction relative to the hoop modulus which a tire utilizing a bias belt would have.
- cords of the tape constituting the belt-forming structure are locally weakened, the strength and function of the final belt in the tire are nevertheless not impaired, since the weakened portions (and breaks, if any) in adjacent cords are staggered around the circumference of the tire and are not disposed laterally adjacent one another due to their having been phased relative to each other when the tape was made.
- Each weakened cord portion in the belt is, in fact, laterally confined between a relatively large number of fullstrength cord sections, so that there is no continuous line of weakness created in the belt in the axial direction of the tire, i.e. transversely of the tread, and there is no appreciable diminution of stress transfer between the rubber of the tread and the belt cords. This will be true whether or not any of the cords are broken and even if all the cords are broken at all the weakened portions thereof.
- FIG. 1 is a fragmentary elevational view. partly in section. of a high soft stretch tape according to the basic principles of the present invention and composed of a single rubber-coated cord with planar undulations, the cord being held in the undulating state by a frangible chain stitch knitted yarn;
- FIG. 1a is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken along the line la-la in FIG. 1;
- FIG. 2 is a fragmentary elevational view, partly in section, of a similar but two-cord high soft stretch tape, with the respective sets of undulations being disposed in parallel, side by side planes and out of phase with each other;
- FIG. 3 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic, perspective view of a three-cord high soft stretch tape similar to that shown in FIG. 2;
- FIGS. 3a and 3b are sectional views, on enlarged scales, taken along the lines Btu-3a and 3l23b, respectively, in FIG. 3;
- FIGS. 4 and 5 are fragmentary, diagrammatic, perspective views, respectively, of six-cord and ninecord high soft stretch tapes each made of an appropriate number of laterally joined three-cord tapes of the type shown in FIG. 3;
- FIGS. 4a and 5a are sectional views, on an enlarged scale, taken along the lines 411-40 and 5a5a, respectively, in FIGS. 4 and 5;
- FIG. 6 is a fragmentary elevational view, partly in section, of a one-cord wide high soft stretch tape formed of two cords having their respective undulations disposed in a single common plane and in nesting relation to each other;
- FIG. 7 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken along the line 7-7 in FIG. 6;
- FIG. 8 is a fragmentary elevational view of a fivecord wide high soft stretch tape formed of five side by side nested-cord tapes of the type shown in FIGS. 6 and
- FIG. 9 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken along the line 99 in FIG. 8;
- FIG. 10 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic, elevational view of a one-cord wide high soft stretch tape formed of four mutually nested coplanar cords held in their undulating state by a strip of frangible sheet material;
- FIG. 11 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken along the line 11-11 in FIG. 10;
- FIG. 12 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken along the line 12-12 in FIG. 10 but shows a fivecord wide tape of nested-cord tapes of the type shown in FIG. 11;
- FIGS. 13 and 14 are fragmentary, diagrammatic, plan views, the latter partly broken away, of a raw 0 belted tire according to the present invention in an intermediate state and in the final state of the building thereof, respectively, the 0 belt-forming structure being illustrated as constituted by a helically on end wound sixcord tape of the type shown in FIGS. 4 and 4a;
- FIG. 15 is a fragmentary, partly sectional, perspective view of a 0 belted tire having a monoply belt and produced from a single-stage built raw tire including a belt-forming structure made of on end wound tape such as those shown in FIGS. 1 to 5;
- FIGS. 16 and 17 are fragmentary axial sectional views of the crown regions of single-stage built 0 belted tires similar to that shown in FIG. 15 but including, respectively, a two-ply belt resulting from a beltforming structure made of one end wound tape such as those shown in FIGS. 6 to 9, and a four-ply belt resulting from a beltforming structure made of on end wound tape such as those shown in FIGS. 10 and 12;
- FIG. 18 is a fragmentary, diagrammatic illustration, in perspective but not drawn to scale, of a monoply sixcord plural-wind 0 belt the starting high soft stretch tape of which utilized locally weakened cords according to one of the embodiments of the present invention, the belt being shown in full circumferential extent and as it would be after the radial expansion of the raw tire to illustrate a preferred distribution of the weakened portions of the various cords;
- FIG. 18a is a graphic representation of a developed plan view of slightly more than two full turns of the belt shown in FIG. 18 and illustrates the staggering of the weakened cord portions across the width of the sixcord winding entity;
- FIG. 19 is a schematic illustration of the basic methods of making high soft stretch tapes according to the present invention.
- FIG. 20 is a fragmentary, partly diagrammatic, perspective illustration of an apparatus designed for the practice of one variant of the tape-forming methods represented in FIG. 19;
- FIG. 21 is a fragmentary perspective illustration, on an enlarged scale, of one type of weakening device which can be utilized in the apparatus shown in FIG. 20 for locally deteriorating and weakening the cords being formed into tape;
- FIGS. 22 and 22a are fragmentary sectional views, on an enlarged scale, taken along the line 2222 in FIG.
- FIG. 23 is a fragmentary elevational view, partly in section, of a weakened cord emanating from the device shown in FIG. 21;
- FIG. 24 is a fragmentary perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of an undulating and tying device which can be utilized in the apparatus shown in FIG. 20 for undulating the starting code and securing them to each other in that state to form the desired tapes;
- FIG. 24a is a graphic representation of the relative motions of the various tape-forming cords and the stabilizing yarn in the device shown in FIG. 24;
- FIG. 25 is a fragmentary perspective view, on an enlarged scale, of a joining device utilized in the apparatus shown in FIG. 20 for combining two lower cord number tapes into one higher cord number tape;
- FIG. 26 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken along line 2626 of FIG. 25;
- FIG. 27 is a sectional view, on an enlarged scale, taken along the line 27-27 in FIG. 26.
- FIG. 1 shows a high soft stretch tape 1 according to one aspect of the present invention, the tape being constituted by a single, undulating cord 2 shown, merely by way of example, as being composed of a substantially inextensible filamentary cord member 3 encased in an outer covering or sheath 3' of rubber.
- the cord is held in its undulating state by a series of loops or stitches of a relatively weak thread or yarn 4, hereinafter referred to as the stitching yarn or thread, with the line of stitches extending along the longitudinal center line or axis of symmetry of the series of undulations.
- the loops of the stitching yarn which are illustrated in greatly exaggerated fashion in FIG.
- the term relatively weak as used in the foregoing context is intended to denote any thread or yarn which is made to have the strength to withstand moderate tensile forces such as might be encountered in normal handling of the tape, and yet is made to be easily frangible so as not to interfere with the straightening of the cord when the tape is subjected to relatively high forces such as might be encountered during the radial expansion and shaping of a new tire in which the tape, helically wound circumferentially about the medial region of the tire carcass, constitutes the belt-forming structure.
- the stitching yarn will be a conventional spun staple fiber yarn or thread of cotton, rayon or the like.
- the undulations of the cord 2 are generally sinusoidal, i.e. they have a configuration approximating that of a regular sine wave, but within the ambit of the present invention they may have any other type of analogously repeating substantially planar configuration. eg. that of a square wave, a series of loops, etc., if desired.
- the soft stretch of stretch ratio of the tape is, of course, determined by the magnitude of the undulations imparted to the cord, and for any given case the particular magnitude selected will, subject to the hereinbefore described variations, depend on the degree of radial expansion or increase in circumferential dimension which the helical belt-forming structure in the tire will undergo when the latter is transformed from its as built shape to its toroidal shape.
- a stretch ratio in the range of about 1.5 to 1.9 to a tape composed of rubber-coated rayon cord about one-sixteenth inch in diameter.
- the cord may be undulated to a peak to peak amplitude of about threesixteenth inch and a pitch length of about five-sixteenth inch.
- FIG. 2 shows a similar high soft stretch tape la which is composed of two generally sinusoidally undulating, individually rubber-coated cords 2.
- the respective sets of undulations of the cords are shown as being parallel to and out of phase with each other, and the cords are held in their undulating states and tied to each other by a relatively weak stitching yarn 4 knitted in the same manner as described above in connection with the onecord tape 1, with the two cords being laid into the yarn stitches so that each loop embraces both cords at their region of intersection.
- the actual arrangement in cross-section is not explicitly shown but can be readily visualized from the one-cord arrangement illustrated in FIG. ila.
- FIGS. 3, 3a and 3b a three-cord tape 11
- the two outer cords 2 having their undulations out of phase with those of the middle cord, and all cords being laid into the stitches of the yarn 4 during the knitting thereof as previously described, so that each loop embraces all three cords at their region of intersection.
- the exaggerated representation of the tape lb in FIG. 3b is rather idealized for the sake of clarity.
- the stitching yarn loops will be tight enough to bite into the rubber coatings 3 of the two outer cords, as indicated in FIG. 3a, and to exert sufficient lateral forces on the portions of the cords embraced in and tied together by each stitch to squash or compact the cords somewhat. This, of course, will not effect any material change in the general parallelism and side by side relationship between the cords.
- the undulations of the side by side adjacent cords in any such plural-cord tape be longitudinally offset with respect to each other, most preferably in a out of phase relationship as shown for the sine wave undulations in FIGS. 2 and 3 (FIG. 2 thus may be considered in effect as being a representation of all plural-cord tapes with 180 out of phase generally sinusoidal undulations when viewed in side elevation).
- the undulations of such side by side adjacent cords in any given plural-cord type may just as well be in lateral alignment, i.e. in phase, with each other (any such tape when viewed in side elevation would have the same appearance as the tape 1 in FIG.
- FiGS. 5 and 5a show a nine-cord tape Id built up in a similar manner of three three-cord tapes 1b.
- any high soft stretch tape utilizing a relatively weak stitching yarn as the tying means an additional relatively weak thread or yarn, such as is indicated schematically at 6 in FIG. la for the one-cord tape 1 and in FIGS. 3, 3a and 3/: for the three-cord tape 11:.
- an additional relatively weak thread or yarn such as is indicated schematically at 6 in FIG. la for the one-cord tape 1 and in FIGS. 3, 3a and 3/: for the three-cord tape 11:.
- no such yarn 6 has been shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.
- the yarn 6 is preferably of the same type and physical properties as the stitching yarn 4 but is laid into the stitches or loops of the latter in the same manner as the cords 2 themselves except with only a very small degree of waviness (in a plane parallel to those of the undulations of the cords) and while being maintained under a relatively high tension equal to about 70-80 percent of its full tensile strength.
- the yarn 6 thus enhances the integrity of the tape and serves as a means for stablizing the tape against premature stretching thereof and a consequent undesired straightening of the cords during handling, thereby enabling the tape to be kept under the proper degree of tension without any risk of the stitching yarn opening up or breaking either while the tape is being drawn onto a take-up roll from the tape-forming apparatus or while the tape is being drawn from such a roll for the belt-building operation.
- the six-cord tape (FIGS. 4 and 40) has two stabilizing yarns 6 incorporated therein, while for the same reason the nine-cord tape Id (FIGS. 5 and 511) has three stabilizing yarns 6 incorporated therein.
- FIGS. 6 and 7 show a tape 1e composed of two cords 2 each composed of a cord member 3 and a rubber coating 3'. the two cords being arranged in nesting relation, i.e. with each two interfitted undulations disposed in a single plane.
- the cords are again shown as being held together in their undulating state by a relatively weak stitching yarn 4 the loops of which (not shown in plan) are formed in the same manner as described hereinbefore in connection with FIGS. la and 3/2.
- FIGS. 8 and 9 show a five cord wide tape If composed of five such one cord wide dual-cord components 10 cemented to each other in side by side relation and arranged with their undulations out of phase with each other.
- any nested-cord tape more than one cord wide can also be formed as a unit, by jointly undulating the respective pairs of cords and so laying them into the loops of a common stitching yarn in the same manner as described above for the cords of the tape 1/) (for example, the actual arrangement for a three cord wide nested-cord tape. not shown, can be visualized by imagining the presence of three pairs of longitudinally ie. right/left, adjacent sectioned cord portions confined in each loop shown in FIG. 3/
- nestedeord principles outlined above may also be applied to greater numbers of cords than two. Thus.
- FIGS. 10 and 11 show a one cord wide highsoft-stretch tape lg composed of four generally sinusoidally undulating cords 2' arranged in nesting relation, i.e. with each four interfitted undulations disposed in a single plane.
- the cords are illustrated as being devoid ofa rubber covering (they may, for example, be either untreated or treated in any of the ways hereinbefore referred to) and are shown as being held in their undulating state by means of a relatively weak and easily frangible strip'5 of'a thin gauzelike fabric or like sheet material to which they are secured by means of parallel rows of sewn stitches 4' of a relatively weak cotton'or like thread or yarn.
- the width of the strip 5 preferably will be appreciably less than the outside peak to outside peak dimension of the tape, as shown.
- the cords may, of course, be adhered to the strip in other ways than by sewing, as by means of a suitable cement or adhesive. This latter approach is actually to be preferred where rubber-covered cords 2 are used in the tape, since the rubber would normally tend to foul the sewing needles in short order and prevent the stitching operation from being properly carried out.
- a nested-cord tape 111 more than one cord wide and composed of a number of the tapes lg of FIGS.
- FIG. 12 is a somewhat idealized representation of the tape 1/1, but although in actual practice its form may not be as precise as shown, the indicated basic relationships between the tape components will be present at all times).
- the undulations of each cord may, concomitantly, be either out of phase with the undulations of each next adjacent cord,
- All of the foregoing high soft stretch tape constructions may utilize either cords which are unweakened or cords which are locally weakened or deteriorated in any suitable manner at a multiplicity of longitudinally spaced locations, as indicated schematically at 3" in FIG. 23 for a cord 2, to a residual tensile strength between about 5 and 20 percent of their starting tensile strength.
- the cords of any given tape will be combined so that the weakened portions of each cord are laterally out of alignment with the weakened portions of at least each next adjacent cord and preferably also with the weakened portions of all the cords of the same tape across the entire width thereof.
- the starting six cords 2 which may be considered as being in two sets of three cords each, are taken from a creel-mounted set of supply spools 7.
- the cords are brought into parallel side by side relation by suitable guides 8 and 9, and then moved along parallel paths of travel straddled by and extending through an intermittently activated weakening device 10 where they are periodically jointly subjected to an appropriate deterioration or weakening action.
- the weakening of the cords may be achieved either by physical means (omechanical, electrical, thermal, etc.) or by chemical means (acid treatment, saponification, plasticization, etc). It will be understood.
- the weakening interval i.e. the cord length between successive weakened portions for each cord of any intended tape construction, is selected to be different than, and in particular to be either an irregular fraction or an irregular multiple of, the circumferential length of one full turn of the cord in the final belt of the ultimate tire. This will ensure a non-alignment of the weakened cord portions of the belt in the axial direction of the tire, i.e. transversely of the tread, at least in successive turns of the cord.
- the cord paths lead coextensively around a continuously driven metering roll 11 to an idler roll 12.
- the metering roll 11, the operation of which is synchronized with that of the weakening device 10, has a roughened or otherwise high friction exterior surface and provides the force for drawing the cords at the desired feed rate and in a slip-free manner from the supply spools 7.
- the paths of the three cords of each set then diverge, in the manner indicated by the reference characters 2a-2b-2c' and 2a '2b'-2c', so that the first cords travel from the roll 12 directly to a pair of guide rolls 13, while the second and third cords travel over respective phasing rolls 14 and 15 from which they converge again to come together with the first cords at the guide rolls 13.
- the device 17 which for this tape construction includes a warp knitting mechanism to be described in greater detail hereinafter, while two knitting needles and a pair of associated threaders are operated to knit the respective relatively weak stitching yarns 4 into two separate one wale wide chains of loops such as are shown in FIG. 3b, the three cords of each set and the associated stabilizing yarn 6 are fed individually to the location of a respective knitting needle and are jointly shuttled reciprocally thereacross, i.e. transversely of the direction of needle movement, in predetermined phased relationship to each other.
- each three cords and the stabilizing yarn therefor are laid in a generally sinusoidally undulating form, of appropriately large amplitude in the case of the cords, and in side by side relation with each other across the path of movement of the associated needle and into the respective loops formed thereby, so as to be embraced at their crossover portions by the stitching yarn and thus secured and locked together into a three cord tape 18.
- the amplitude of the shuttling movement of the stabilizing yarn is, at the same time, very limited, so that in the final tape the stabilizing yarn is almost straight and provides the integrity, i.e.
- the cord shuttling is so carried out that the undulations of each cord of each tape are out of phase or lateral alignment with the undulations of each next adjacent cord.
- the two three-cord tapes 18 so formed are drawn away from the undulating and tying device 17 by a second continuously driven metering roll 19 disposed in termediate a pair of idler rolls 20 and 20 over which the tape is passed.
- the metering roll 19, like the roll 11, has a high friction exterior surface to provide for a slipfree drawing of the tapes 18 from the device 17, and its operation is synchronized with that of the metering roll 11 and the device 17. The system thus enables the amplitudes of the undulations and thereby the stretch ratio or soft stretch of each of the three-cord tapes 18 to be accurately controlled.
- the paths of travel of the two three-cord tapes first diverge and then reconverge, in the manner indicated by the reference characters 18a and 1817, one tape traveling over a phasing roll 21 and thence to an idler roll 22, and the other tape traveling directly to the roll 22.
- the length of the path of travel of one of the three-cord tapes is varied and adjusted relative to the length of the path of travel of the other, so that when the tapes come together again at the roll 22, the two sets of staggered weakened portions are no longer in lateral alignment with each other but are longitudinally displaced or offset with respect to each other.
- the paths of travel of the two tapes 18 go under a guide roll 23 and then are straddled by and extend through a joining device 24 where a liquid cement or adhesive compatible with the rubber covering 3' of the cords is applied to the facing sides of the tapes and the latter are squeezed together and caused to adhere to each other to form a six-cord tape 25.
- the latter is then wound onto a suitable driven take-up spool or roll 26, its path of travel extending through and being straddled by a tensioning device 27 which is operable to control the driving of the take-up roll 26 so as to maintain the tape under a controlled tension.
- FIG. 20 A representative form of an apparatus A designed for the practice of the method of making such a six-cord tape is illustrated in FIG. 20.
- the apparatus which for the sake of clarity is shown without its framework and without any indication of the passage of the cords, yarns and tapes therethrough, includes (see also FIG. 19) a comr on drive means 28 for all the synchronized components Eh. i.e. the weakening device 10, the metering rolls 11 and 19, the undulating and tying device 17 and the joining device 24, and a secondary drive means 29 for the take-up roll 26.
- the main drive means comprises an electric motor 38 driving a sprocket 39 which is connected by a chain 40 to a sprocket 41.
- the latter is connected via a clutch 42 to a main drive shaft 43 which carries a bevel gear 44 that is in meshing engagement with a bevel gear 45 mounted on a transverse auxiliary drive shaft 46.
- the shaft 46 carries a sprocket 47 which is connected by a chain 48 to a sprocket 49 mounted on a shaft 49a connected via an adjustable reducing mechanism 50 to a shaft 510 carrying a large spur gear 51.
- the latter is in mesh with another spur gear 52 mounted on the shaft 53 of the metering roll 11.
- the shaft 53 further carries a smaller spur gear 54 which is in mesh with another spur gear 55 drivingly connected to an intermittently actuatable control switch mechanism 56, e.g. a camactuatable solenoid switch, operatively connected, as indicated schematically by the line 57, to the control or operating system 58 of the weakening device 10.
- an intermittently actuatable control switch mechanism 56 e.g. a camactuatable solenoid switch
- the drive train so far described is operable to rotate the metering roll 1 1 at any desired preselected speed for the purpose of controlling the feed rate of the starting cords through the weakening device and into the undulating and tying device, and concurrently to cause the weakening device to be repeatedly activated at time intervals corresponding to the passage of predetermined lengths of the cords through said device.
- the shaft 53 still further carries a sprocket 59 connected by a chain 60 to a sprocket 61 mounted on a shaft 62. Also mounted on the latter is a spur gear 63 which is drivingly connected via a pinion 64 with another spur gear 65 mounted on the shaft 66 of the metering roll 19.
- the shaft 66 further carries a sprocket 67 connected by a chain 68 to a sprocket 69 mounted on the shaft 70 of the guide roll 23.
- a spur gear 71 also carried by the shaft 70 is in mesh with another spur gear 72 mounted on a shaft 73 coaxially with a sprocket 74 which is connected by a chain 75 with a sprocket 76 constituting the driving element of the joining device 24.
- the drive train just described is operable to rotate the metering roll 19 at any desired preselected speed for the purpose of controlling the feed rate of the thrashed three-cord tapes out of the undulating and tying device 17, and that the setting of the speed of the roll 19 relative to that of the metering roll 11 controls the stretch ratio or soft stretch imparted to the three-cord tapes.
- the said drive train serves to operate certain rotary elements of the joining device 24 during the uniting of the two tapes into the final six-cord tape form.
- the secondary drive means 29 comprises an electric motor 77 driving a sprocket 78 which is connected by a chain 79 to a sprocket 80 secured to a shaft 80a adapted to support the take-up roll or spool 26.
- the motor 77 which also drives (in a manner not shown) a reciprocating traversing guide 81 through the intermediary of a ratchet shaft 81a, is electrically tied in (in a manner not shown) with the motor 38 so as to be deenergized and bring the take-up operation to a halt whenever the operation of the motor 38, and thus the tape formation, is interrupted for any reason.
- the motor 77 is, however, also arranged to be independently stopped and started by the operation of the tension control device 27.
- the latter is shown as comprising a pair of upper, coplanar idler rollers 82 and 83 journaled on spaced, parallel axes, and an intermediate, lower gravity or floating tensioning roller 84 coplanar with the rollers 82 and 83 and journaled in a bushing 85 mounted for vertical sliding movement along an upright rod 86.
- the arrangement is such that the finished tape leaving the joining device 24 is passed in sequence over the roller 82, under the roller 84 and over the roller 83.
- the roller 84 thus is effectively supported by the festooned tape.
- two limit switches 87 and 88 which are connected into the circuit of the motor 77 in a manner not explicitly shown but indicated schematically by the lines 89 and 90, the switch 87 being operable to stop the motor 77 when the roller 84 reaches the upper limit of its travel, and the switch 88 being operable to start the motor 77 when the roller 84 reaches the bottom limit of its travel.
Abstract
Description
Claims (85)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US359118A US3900062A (en) | 1971-07-08 | 1973-05-10 | Zero degree belted tires built with high soft stretch belt-forming tapes |
Applications Claiming Priority (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US16066971A | 1971-07-08 | 1971-07-08 | |
US05/160,675 US3956546A (en) | 1971-07-08 | 1971-07-08 | Zero degree belted tires, and high soft stretch belt-forming tapes therefor |
US359118A US3900062A (en) | 1971-07-08 | 1973-05-10 | Zero degree belted tires built with high soft stretch belt-forming tapes |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US3900062A true US3900062A (en) | 1975-08-19 |
Family
ID=27388488
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US359118A Expired - Lifetime US3900062A (en) | 1971-07-08 | 1973-05-10 | Zero degree belted tires built with high soft stretch belt-forming tapes |
Country Status (1)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US3900062A (en) |
Cited By (15)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4071647A (en) * | 1973-05-08 | 1978-01-31 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Rubber goods |
US4094354A (en) * | 1977-03-09 | 1978-06-13 | Uniroyal, Inc. | Breaker reinforcing tape for belted pneumatic tires, and tires made therefrom |
US4098315A (en) * | 1977-03-09 | 1978-07-04 | Uniroyal, Inc. | Belted pneumatic tires with zero degree breaker reinforcement, and method of building such tires |
US4146415A (en) * | 1976-11-05 | 1979-03-27 | Industrie Pirelli, S.P.A. | Process for manufacturing tires |
FR2404514A1 (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1979-04-27 | Bekaert Sa Nv | STEEL CABLES FOR REINFORCING ELASTOMETER ARTICLES AND REINFORCED ARTICLES THEREFORE OBTAINED |
EP0002299A1 (en) * | 1977-11-30 | 1979-06-13 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Steel fabric for reinforcing elastomeric articles and articles reinforced therewith |
US4201260A (en) * | 1976-05-07 | 1980-05-06 | Uniroyal, Inc. | Method for making a radial ply tire in a single building stage |
FR2534857A1 (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1984-04-27 | Michelin & Cie | PROTECTIVE TABLECLOTH FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE PNEUMATIC ENVELOPE TOP |
US4474633A (en) * | 1982-06-03 | 1984-10-02 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Method of manufacturing radial tires |
EP0137490A2 (en) * | 1983-10-12 | 1985-04-17 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries Limited | Pneumatic tire reinforced with fabric |
US4862939A (en) * | 1984-07-19 | 1989-09-05 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Stiffening ply formed . . . methods for obtaining such articles |
US4869307A (en) * | 1988-03-17 | 1989-09-26 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire and method for making same |
US4877073A (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-10-31 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Cables and tires reinforced by said cables |
US5383507A (en) * | 1991-04-27 | 1995-01-24 | Bridgestone Corporation | Pneumatic radial tires including waved reinforcing elements between belt and carcass |
US5795417A (en) * | 1994-08-23 | 1998-08-18 | Sp Reifenwerke Gmbh | Pneumatic vehicle tire having a breaker arrangement surrounded at least in its edge regions by at least one cover ply and method of making the same |
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Cited By (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4071647A (en) * | 1973-05-08 | 1978-01-31 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Rubber goods |
US4201260A (en) * | 1976-05-07 | 1980-05-06 | Uniroyal, Inc. | Method for making a radial ply tire in a single building stage |
US4146415A (en) * | 1976-11-05 | 1979-03-27 | Industrie Pirelli, S.P.A. | Process for manufacturing tires |
US4094354A (en) * | 1977-03-09 | 1978-06-13 | Uniroyal, Inc. | Breaker reinforcing tape for belted pneumatic tires, and tires made therefrom |
US4098315A (en) * | 1977-03-09 | 1978-07-04 | Uniroyal, Inc. | Belted pneumatic tires with zero degree breaker reinforcement, and method of building such tires |
FR2404514A1 (en) * | 1977-09-30 | 1979-04-27 | Bekaert Sa Nv | STEEL CABLES FOR REINFORCING ELASTOMETER ARTICLES AND REINFORCED ARTICLES THEREFORE OBTAINED |
EP0002299A1 (en) * | 1977-11-30 | 1979-06-13 | N.V. Bekaert S.A. | Steel fabric for reinforcing elastomeric articles and articles reinforced therewith |
US4474633A (en) * | 1982-06-03 | 1984-10-02 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Method of manufacturing radial tires |
EP0107125A1 (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1984-05-02 | MICHELIN & CIE (Compagnie Générale des Etablissements Michelin) Société dite: | Tyre crown protection layer having a three-dimensional structure |
FR2534857A1 (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1984-04-27 | Michelin & Cie | PROTECTIVE TABLECLOTH FOR THREE-DIMENSIONAL STRUCTURE PNEUMATIC ENVELOPE TOP |
US4523619A (en) * | 1982-10-22 | 1985-06-18 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Protective ply for tire crown of three-dimensional structure |
EP0137490A2 (en) * | 1983-10-12 | 1985-04-17 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries Limited | Pneumatic tire reinforced with fabric |
EP0137490A3 (en) * | 1983-10-12 | 1985-10-23 | Sumitomo Rubber Industries Limited | Pneumatic tire reinforced with fabric |
US4862939A (en) * | 1984-07-19 | 1989-09-05 | Compagnie Generale Des Etablissements Michelin | Stiffening ply formed . . . methods for obtaining such articles |
US4877073A (en) * | 1988-02-17 | 1989-10-31 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Cables and tires reinforced by said cables |
US4869307A (en) * | 1988-03-17 | 1989-09-26 | The Goodyear Tire & Rubber Company | Pneumatic tire and method for making same |
US5383507A (en) * | 1991-04-27 | 1995-01-24 | Bridgestone Corporation | Pneumatic radial tires including waved reinforcing elements between belt and carcass |
US5795417A (en) * | 1994-08-23 | 1998-08-18 | Sp Reifenwerke Gmbh | Pneumatic vehicle tire having a breaker arrangement surrounded at least in its edge regions by at least one cover ply and method of making the same |
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