US3924281A

US3924281A - Bed

Info

Publication number: US3924281A
Application number: US505577A
Authority: US
Inventors: John Reynell Gibbs
Original assignee: Individual
Current assignee: Individual
Priority date: 1974-03-13
Filing date: 1974-09-12
Publication date: 1975-12-09
Anticipated expiration: 1992-12-09
Also published as: AU7685974A; GB1447163A

Abstract

A bed for preventing bed sores and enabling a patient to be turned, in which net material is secured to two spaced apart substantially parallel bars. In one construction at least one bar can be raised and lowered to cause movement of the net material under the patient thereby causing a rolling motion. In another construction the bars are rotatable about their axis to wind the net material onto or off the bars so that when they are rotated in opposite directions the patient is either raised or lowered and when they are rotated in the same direction the patient is caused to roll or turn.

Description

United States Patent 1191 1111 3,924,281

Gibbs 5] Dec. 9, 1975 1 BED 3,108,290 10/1963 Partridge 5/88 3,252,169 5/1966 Propst 5/8l R [76] Inventor Reyna" Stone Cross 3,401,410 9/1968 Welborn et al. 5/61 liouserwadhurslisussexiEngland 3,673,620 7/1972 Saunders 5/83 [22] Filed: Sept. 12, 1974 Primary Examiner-Casmir A. Nunberg [21] Appl. No.: 505,577

Attorney, Agent, or FirmFleit & Jacobson 30 Foreign Application Priority Data [571 ABSTRACT Man 131 1974 Unhed Kingdom 1 1223/74 A bed for preventing bed sores and enabling a patient to be turned, in which net material is secured to two [52] U.S. Cl..., 5/81 R; 5/61 spaced apart Substantially Parallel bars- In one 51 1111. (:1. A6lG 7/10 Struction at least one bar can be raised and lowered to 5 Field f Search N 5/61, 81 83 84, 88 cause movement of the net material under the patient thereby causing a rolling motion. In another construc- 5 References Cied tion the bars are rotatable about their axis to wind the UNITED STATES PATENTS net material onto or off the bars so that when they are rotated in opposite directions the patient is either raised or lowered and when they are rotated in the M81150 3H924 Deakms 5/84 same direction the atient is caused to roll or turn 1,694,084 12/1928 Straight..... 5/87 p 1,977,944 10/1934 Haskett 5/84 5 Claims, 6 Drawing Figures 658,217 9/1900 Mungu 5/88 US. Patent Dec. 9 1975 Sheet 1 of2 3,924,281

US. Patent Dec. 9 1975 Sheet 2 of2 3,924,281

1 BED The present invention relates to beds.

People who have to stay in bed for a prolonged period either in hospital or at home often suffer from bed sores as a result of lying in the same position for a prolonged period. The problem is particularly acute where the patient is unconscious or partly paralysed making it difficult for him to move himself. The normal procedure in hospital is for the nursing staff to turn the patient slightly, so that the weight of the patient is carried by a different part of the body. If the patient is severely incapacitated or particularly heavy this can be very hard work indeed, particularly as it needs to be done at frequent intervals, for example once every two hours, if bed sores are to be prevented.

It is now proposed, according to the invention, to provide a bed comprising a pair of elongate members, means for mounting said members so that their axes are substantially parallel, a web extending between said members and secured thereto and means for moving at least one of said members so that the portion of the web adjacent thereto moves in a plane generally parallel to itself, to effect a rolling motion of a patient supported on said web.

The effect of causing the portion of the web adjacent to one of the elongate members moving parallel to itself is to cause a movement of the web material immediately underneath the patient. It will be appreciated that the patient is lying in the web material in a manner similar to a hammock during this operation and that this causes a rolling or turning movement of the patient. Thus, by applying a relatively small force to the elongate member a patient can easily be turned.

The elongate member can be moved in a number of different ways. According to a first construction, the elongate member is lifted or lowered by any suitable means. This construction lends itself to self operation, since the lifting and lowering can be effected by winding a cord attached to the elongate member around a shaft mounted on an arrangement over the bed. The rotation of the shaft can be effected in a number of different ways. Thus, it can be effected by one or more electric motors, or it can be carried out by means of a hand lever which can be reciprocated back and forth in a form of pendulum motion to cause a pawl carried thereby to rotate a ratchet wheel. In another arrangement the rotation can be effected by a worm and pinion which itself is driven by a cord, such as a bead cord, passing over a pulley carried on the worm shaft. As indicated, any of these means enable the patient to operate the raising and lowering, and therefore the turning, himself.

In another arrangement according to the invention the web material is made very wide and is wound up on the two elongate members. Means are provided for rotating the two members about their own axes and for locking them in a particular rotational position. Thus, if the two members are rotated in opposite directions the patient is either raised or lowered and if the two members are rotated in the same direction the patient is turned.

Preferably the web mate rial is in the form of a net, for example, a nylon net. This has been found particularly advantageous for a number of reasons. Firstly, net material is slightly resilient which gives considerable comfort to the patient and, secondly, when net material is used the patient can see through the net sideways, so

that he does not feel so enclosed. An underblanket and a sheet may be placed over the central portion of the net and a pillow provided for the patient to have greater comfort. The net may be secured to the elongate members, which may be simply poles or tubes, by any suitable means. Where the net is moved by raising and lowering of the elongate members, the latter can simply be threaded through side edge portions of the net. Where the net is wound up on the elongate members, however, it is preferred to provide a line of pins on each elongate member over which the net material is hooked, and to hold it in place by a gutter shaped clamping bar which is held in place at each end by a hoop construction on the elongate member. The gutter shaped clamping member is preferably formed of a plastics material so that it is resilient and can be bowed to put it in place.

In order that the invention may more readily be understood, the following description is given, merely by way of example, reference being made to the accompanying drawings, in which:

FIG. 1 is a perspective view of one embodiment of bed constructed in accordance with the present inventlon;

FIGS. 2 and 3 both illustrate further arrangements for lifting and lowering the support bar;

FIG. 4 is a perspective view of a second embodiment of bed according to the invention;

FIG. 5 is a fragmentary side elevation illustrating a method of securing the net material to the support bar of the construction of FIG. 4; and

FIG. 6 is a section taken along the line VI-VI of FIG. 5.

Referring now to FIG. 1, there is illustrated a bed having four uprights 10 each provided, as is conventional, with a wheel at the bottom, these uprights being arranged in the manner of a four poster bed at the foot and head of a bed and the uprights of a pair being spaced apart by cross members l1, l2 and 13 at each end. The longitudinal sides-of the bed are made up by

longitudinal bars

14 and 15 approximately at the height of a normal bed and at a height of about 2 and 6 feet respectively. A mattress (not shown) may be arranged between bars 14in which

case bars

12 and 14 would be at the same level. Extending approximately centrally from between the two bars 15 are a pair of supports 16 and 17 which carry two

motors

18 and 19 each having a shaft 20 around which is wound a cord 21 which passes around two

pulleys

22 and 23 and to the ends of which are secured an elongate'member 24, for example in the form of a metal tube. At each of its ends, the member 24 has a plastics material, e.g. nylon or polytetrafluoroethylene, guide member 25 which is vertically slidable on the adjacent upright 10. Extending between the two elongate members 24 is a web in the form of a nylon net material 26, for example, secured to the members 24 by the latter being threaded through alternate meshes about 2 inches from the margin.

In use, one of the

motors

18 or 19 is operated, in the embodiment illustrated the motor 18 is operated, and the elongate member 24 is lowered to approximately the level of the bar 14. A patient can be placed in the bed and can lie on the net material. The motor 18 is then operated in the reverse sense and this causes lifting of the bar. The patient will get to a position where he is completely suspended in the net 26 in a manner similar to a hammock. In order to ensure more comfort one or more underblankets may be provided in the central portion of the net and a sheet and pillow if desired. When it is decided to turn the patient, the motor is operated thus causing a further lifting or lowering of one or both of the members 24. If the member 24 illustrated on the right in the drawing is lifted. then the web material will move under the patient from left to right as viewed in the drawing. This will cause the patient to tilt towards the other side thus giving a turning movement. A control switch for the motors can be positioned to enable the patient to control the movement himself.

Instead of having the motors, in the embodiment illustrated in FIG. 3, the shafts 20 are provided with a ratchet wheel 27 keyed or otherwise secured to the shaft and this can be caused to rotate by a lever arm 28 provided with a pawl (not shown). A suitable braking arrangement can also be associated with the handle 28. Thus reciprocation, in the manner of the movement of a pendulum, of the lever arm 28 will cause rotation of the shaft 20 to raise the associated elongate element 24. The patient can therefore lift himself. When he decides he wishes the bar to be lowered he can gently release the brake allowing his weight to unwind the cord from the shaft 20.

In the construction illustrated in FIG. 3 in a schematic manner, the shaft 20 is driven by means of a pinion 29 secured thereon and in turn is driven by a worm 30 having a pulley 31 with a cord 32 therearound. This cord may be a continuous cord and is preferably of the bead cord type, the bead fittingin recesses in the pulley 31. Again pulling of the cord in the appropriate direction by the patient himself can cause raising or lowering. The advantage of using the worm is that it itself acts as a brake and the patient can simply operate the mechanism in one way or the other. Furthermore, if desired the worm and pinion can be used in cooperation with the motors l8 and 19 rather than having a direct drive or a reduction gear drive to the shaft 20, the worm and pinion preventing undesired rotation of the shaft.

Referring to FIGS. 4, and 6, a conventional hospital bed is shown having legs 40, cross-members 41 and longitudinal members 42, the bed fitted with a support arrangement 43 at its foot and with a further support arrangement 44 at its head. The arrangement at the foot includes uprights 45 having a cross bar 47, the uprights having a double bend so that they are wider at the top than the bottom. The uprights 45 fit into a false leg 53 in the form of a tube which is held in place by an inverted U-shaped wire support hook bolted through the false leg and hooked around the leg of the bed. The cross-bar of the support 43 has two upwardly projecting bearing assemblies 49, one towards each side of the bed. Two pairs of

rollers

50, 51 the roller 51 being higher than the roller 50, are mounted on the crossbars 47 and on these bearing assemblies 49 respectively.

In each instance, the upright support members 45 are rotatable about their own axis and then can be clamped to the cross-bar 47, to adapt the support 43 to a particular bed.

A similar arrangement is provided for the support 44 except that here, instead of fitting into the false legs, the foot of the substantially vertical support members 52 are in fact engaged in sockets normally used for the head of the bed. Again a cross-bar 55 is provided, this consisting of two spaced apart strips bolted together to ensure that the uprights 52 are in the correct positions for the particular bed. The top pair of strips forming the cross-bar 25 have therebetween an arcuate piece of metal effectively forming a recess 56, one adjacent each end of the cross-bar 55. This provides a support for a nylon bearing 57, which is also illustrated in FIG. 5, to which is secured a tubular elongate member 58. The other end of the tubular elongate member 58 is fixed between the pulleys and 51, so that the two members 58 extend substantially parallel to one another.

As illustrated in more detail in FIGS. 5 and 6, the elongate members are in the form of tubes having diametrally extending pins 59 welded at 60 to the outer surface of the elongate member 58 and projecting approximately one eighth of an inch beyond the opposite sides. The pins are spaced apart in a straight line at about one and a half inch intervals. Along the length of the elongate member are disposed a number of hoops, preferably four hoops, 61 which are secured as illustrated in FIG. 6. An arcuate member in the form of a gutter shaped clamping bar 62 extends along the bar a distance slightly greater than the distance between the nearest edges of two adjacent hoops. The spacing of the hoops is such that all the members 62 can be of the same length.

A nylon net 63 similar to that used in FIG. 1 is held in place byhooking over the projecting portions of the pin 59 and by the clamping bars being bowed and slipped under the hoops 61 before springing back into position.

At the ends adjacent the

rollers

50, 51, i.e., at the foot end of the bed, a handle is provided on each elongate member, this handle including two spaced apart strips pivoted about a pivot pin 71 perpendicular to the axis of the elongate member 58. Parallel to the elongate members 58, and at the other end of the strip 71, are handle grips 72 similar to a conventional car starting handle. The upper cross-bar 47 is provided with two lugs 73 each having an upturned end portion, so positioned as to be able to engage the strips 70 and the latter are in a plane passing through the pivot 71 and perpendicular to the axis of the elongate member A marker, e.g. a ribbon, is positioned approximately at the centre of the net. In this instance the net is approximately 12 feet from side to side and 9 feet from head to foot.

Two hooking arrangements 74 are provided one on each leg on each side of the bed.

In use, the elongate member 58 illustrated on the right in the drawing is placed on the hook 74 and the patient once again is put onto the bed. The elongate member 58 is then lifted and placed in the position illustrated. Then, by rotating the two elongate members, by means of a handle, which are pulled forwardly to clear the lugs, so that the elongate members rotate in opposite directions, the net is wound up to lift the patient clear of the bed mattress. The patient can remain in this manner until he requires turning. Turning can simply be effected by rotation of the two handles in the same direction which moves the net beneath the patient in a manner similar to the movement of a conveyor belt. The patient then is caused to roll or be turned. With this arrangement it is readily possible to turn the patient completely over from one side to the other or from his back onto his face. The marker ribbon is provided to ensure that after a number of uses the net is approximately centrally disposed on the two elongate members. Again, with this construction, the net can be covered with blankets and a sheet and a pillow in the centre.

Although it has not been shown, the rotation of the elongate members could again be effected by other means, e.g. by a motor or by a pulley arrangement which could be operated by the patient himself.

I claim:

1. A bed comprising, in combination:

a. a pair of elongate members;

b. means for mounting said members so that their axes are substantially parallel;

c. on each elongate member, a plurality of radially outwardly projecting pins arranged in a line parallel to the axis of the elongate member;

(1. at least one wide mesh web of net material extending between said members and secured thereto, by hooking over said radially outwardly projecting pins;

e. hoop portions connected to said elongate members and extending radially outwardly therefrom along the line of said pins;

f. curved cross section locking bars securable under said hoops effective to retain the net material in position on said pins;

g. means for rotating said members about their axes;

and

h. means for locking said members against rotation.

2. A bed as claimed in claim 1, wherein said mounting means comprise a substantially rectangular frame, having end portions and side portions, laterally spaced apart recesses in one end portion, two laterally spaced apart pairs of rollers in the other end portion and a bearing disc carried adjacent one end of said elongate member, said bearing discs each being positionable in one of said recesses and a portion of each elongate member then resting in contact with the two rollers of a pair, so that the elongate members extend substantially parallel to one another.

3. A bed as claimed in claim 2 wherein said end portions each comprise laterally extending strips and four uprights releasably securable in pairs to each pair of strips, the uprights each comprising members having a double bend whereby the frame can be adjusted to suit a particular size of hospital bed.

4. A bed as claimed in claim 2, wherein the means for rotating the members comprise a handle pivotally mounted about an axis perpendicular to the axis of the associated elongate member adjacent to the other end of each member.

5. A bed as claimed in claim 4, wherein the locking means comprise lugs on said other end portions, engageable by said handle when the latter are in a plane passing through their pivots and substantially perpendicular to the axes of the elongate members.

Claims

1. A bed comprising, in combination: a. a pair of elongate members; b. means for mounting said members so that their axes are substantially parallel; c. on each elongate member, a plurality of radially outwardly projecting pins arranged in a line parallel to the axis of the elongate member; d. at least one wide mesh web of net material extending between said members and secured thereto, by hooking over said radially outwardly projecting pins; e. hoop portions connected to said elongate members and extending radially outwardly therefrom along the line of said pins; f. Curved cross section locking bars securable under said hoops effective to retain the net material in position on said pins; g. means for rotating said members about their axes; and h. means for locking said members against rotation.