US4208432A - Powdery anti-stick agent for keeping the sticky surface of candy or chewing gum non-adhesive - Google Patents

Powdery anti-stick agent for keeping the sticky surface of candy or chewing gum non-adhesive Download PDF

Info

Publication number
US4208432A
US4208432A US05/865,336 US86533677A US4208432A US 4208432 A US4208432 A US 4208432A US 86533677 A US86533677 A US 86533677A US 4208432 A US4208432 A US 4208432A
Authority
US
United States
Prior art keywords
stick agent
lactose
product
chewing gum
releasing
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
US05/865,336
Inventor
Ken-Ichi Noborio
Masao Maeda
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Kracie Foods Ltd
Original Assignee
Kanebo Foods Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Kanebo Foods Ltd filed Critical Kanebo Foods Ltd
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4208432A publication Critical patent/US4208432A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/02—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of chewing gum
    • A23G4/025—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of chewing gum for coating or surface-finishing
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/02—Apparatus specially adapted for manufacture or treatment of sweetmeats or confectionery; Accessories therefor
    • A23G3/0236—Shaping of liquid, paste, powder; Manufacture of moulded articles, e.g. modelling, moulding, calendering
    • A23G3/0252—Apparatus in which the material is shaped at least partially in a mould, in the hollows of a surface, a drum, an endless band, or by a drop-by-drop casting or dispensing of the material on a surface, e.g. injection moulding, transfer moulding
    • A23G3/0284—Removing articles from the mould; Associated manipulation
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/343—Products for covering, coating, finishing, decorating
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G3/00—Sweetmeats; Confectionery; Marzipan; Coated or filled products
    • A23G3/34—Sweetmeats, confectionery or marzipan; Processes for the preparation thereof
    • A23G3/346—Finished or semi-finished products in the form of powders, paste or liquids
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G4/00—Chewing gum
    • A23G4/18—Chewing gum characterised by shape, structure or physical form, e.g. aerated products
    • A23G4/20—Composite products, e.g. centre-filled, multi-layer, laminated
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23P—SHAPING OR WORKING OF FOODSTUFFS, NOT FULLY COVERED BY A SINGLE OTHER SUBCLASS
    • A23P10/00—Shaping or working of foodstuffs characterised by the products
    • A23P10/30—Encapsulation of particles, e.g. foodstuff additives
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G2200/00—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing organic compounds, e.g. synthetic flavouring agents
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A23—FOODS OR FOODSTUFFS; TREATMENT THEREOF, NOT COVERED BY OTHER CLASSES
    • A23G—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF
    • A23G2210/00—COCOA; COCOA PRODUCTS, e.g. CHOCOLATE; SUBSTITUTES FOR COCOA OR COCOA PRODUCTS; CONFECTIONERY; CHEWING GUM; ICE-CREAM; PREPARATION THEREOF containing inorganic compounds or water in high or low amount

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an inexplosive and innoxious powdery releasing agent for keeping the surface of a sticky surface of candy or chewing gum non-adhesive, and more particularly, it pertains to such agent described above which is applicable to edible materials and chewing materials.
  • a powdery or liquid releasing agent to facilitate the removal of a molded article from a mold, and to facilitate the cutting of the article into pieces of an appropriate size, and also to keep the sticky surface of such piece non-adhesive to its wrapping sheet.
  • powdery releasing agent usually includes crystalline saccharoid, starch, calcium carbonate, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate and the like.
  • liquid releasing agents there have been extensively used edible oils and fats, liquid edible emulsifiers and the like.
  • powder of crystalline saccharoid, starch and calcium carbonate are poor in ductility (malleability) and lubricating property so that such powder requires to be spreaded in a large amount on the entire contacting surfaces of a mold and of a viscous material charged therein for facilitating the removal of the molded article off the mold, or on the entire surfaces of the thus removed article to facilitate its handling for subsequent treatments.
  • the use of a large amount of such powdery releasing agent inevitably is accompanied by spontaneous scattering of a considerable amount thereof in the ambient air, causing adverse effects in terms of economy and sanitation for the workers engaged in the production of the aimed cakes.
  • a powder of magnesium stearate has the temdency to be electrostatically charged and is susceptible to causing explosion when scattered in the ambient air.
  • powdery crystalline saccharoid is disadvantageously hygroscopic so that the surfaces of commercially produced article tend to become moist and damp when the article covered with this powder is left to stand for an extended period of time.
  • Starch is poor in solubility in an aqueous medium at low temperature.
  • starch undesirably has a unique odor and this odor will act so as to deprive the desired fragrance of the article and to make the product rejectable due to the resulting modified smell.
  • Powder of talc itself, has an effective releasing property due to its ductility (malleability) and lubricating property.
  • talc is used ordinarily in the form of a very fine powder. Accordingly, there is the risk that a considerable amount of powder becomes afloat in the ambient air to effect the working environment.
  • talc powder has frequently to be used in such an amount over the upper limit defined by the rules for food additives to obtain effective releasability and storageability in acceptable conditions at the time the product is brought into the mouth of a person. According to such rules, the officially designated limit of talc powder to be used is 0.5% or less by weight as an additive to food materials. Thus, the use of an excessively large amount of talc powder will be problematical from the point of view of the food sanitation requirements.
  • liquid edible fats and oils and liquid edible emulsifiers to be used as releasing agents are, of course, liquid at room temperature so that the surfaces of products coated with these releasing agents are held in the moist state, giving an appearance like an aged food material if the product is food, and also a tendency to stick to wrapping sheets such as paper, coated film or metalized paper.
  • the liquid releasing agents may disadvantageously tend to penetrate into the body of the products with the lapse of time, and may cause rancidity to generate rejectable odor and taste.
  • an inexplosive and innoxious powdery releasing agent which is capable of effectively and efficiently allowing the removal of a sticky article off a mold, and which has an excellent stability during an extended use.
  • an object of the present invention is to provide a powdery releasing agent of the type as described above for use in the production and preservation of, for example, shaped food and chewing materials, which agent is tasteless, odorless and not harmful for the health of human being and satisfies the rules for food additives, and which has a less scattering and flying tendency during its handling without the accompaniment of any risk of becoming electrostatically charged or of explosion, and which has excellent lubricating and releasing properties and long-standing stability with no degradation.
  • Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing the powdery releasing agent as described above.
  • a releasing agent comprising a compound selected from a group consisting of ⁇ - and ⁇ -lactoses, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof, which are coated with saturated fatty acid monoglycerides or derivatives thereof.
  • Saturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof which are used in the present invention include those monoglycerides containing a saturated fatty acid moiety having at least 12 carbon atoms and mono- or di-acetylation products of saturated fatty acid monoglycerides having an acid value of 2 or less and an iodine value of 2 or less.
  • Saturated fatty acid monoglyceride includes lauric acid monoglyceride (glycerol monolaurate), palmitic acid monoglyceride (glycerol monopalmitate), stearic acid monoglyceride (glycerol monosterate) and the like.
  • Mono- or di-acetylation products of saturated fatty acid monoglycerides include monostearomonoacetyl glyceride, monolauro-diacetyl glyceride and the like.
  • stearic acid monoglyceride, monostearo-monoacetyl glyceride and monolauro-diacetyl glyceride are especially preferable because they are advantageous in terms of cost, and lubricating and releasing properties.
  • fine particles of a compound selected from a group consisting of ⁇ - and ⁇ -lactoses, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof are coated with a compound selected from a group consisting of saturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof in a coating amount of 2 to 5% by weight, preferably 3 to 4% by weight, based on the weight of the compound which is to be coated. If the coating amount is less than 2% by weight, the lubricating and releasing abilities of resulting coated particles are unacceptably reduced.
  • coated particles unpreferably have an excessive flowing property so that they may non-uniformly spread on the contacting surfaces of a mold and also on the surfaces of the material charged in the mold for being shaped, adversely affecting the release of the product from the mold.
  • the coated particles of the above-stated releasing agents of the present invention for use in shaping food materials or chewing materials including confectionary foods such as candies and chewing gums have a particle size of 100 mesh or less, preferably 150 to 200 mesh. If the particle size is higher than 100 mesh, the particles are too rough to spread uniformly on the contacting surfaces of a mold and also on the surfaces of the material charged therein, so that the charged material would still tend to stick partly at such interfaces as not containing enough particles between the contacting surfaces of both the material and the mold, resulting, in other words, a reduction in the lubricating and releasing abilities of the particles. Thus, when the shaped material is cut into an appropriate size, the cut segments would stick to one another at the surfaces of the cut ends. Moreover, such large particles of releasing agent coated on edible materials or chewing materials give an unattractive feeling of coarseness to one's mouth.
  • the particles of releasing agents for use in the production and preservation of shaped edible and chewing materials according to the present invention may be produced by emulsifying a compound selected from a group consisting of ⁇ -lactose, ⁇ -lactose, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof together with a compound selected from a group of consisting saturated fatty acid monoglycerides, derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof in water and atomizing the emulsion at an appropriate temperature to produce dried coated particles.
  • the atomizing temperature depends upon thermal stabilities of ⁇ - or ⁇ -lactose, calcium carbonate, saturated fatty acid monoglycerides or derivatives thereof which are used. Hydrated ⁇ -lactose has a melting (decomposition) point of about 203° C.
  • ⁇ -lactose is usually of anhydride and has a melting point of about 252° C. and a property of absorbing water at room temperature to produce ⁇ -lactose hydrate. Therefore, the present invention encompasses such transformation from ⁇ -lactose to ⁇ -lactose hydride which may occur during preparation of the emulsion in water and atomization thereof.
  • the present invention also encompasses the transformation of ⁇ -lactose hydride to ⁇ -lactose anhydride during atomization of the emulsion if the latter is produced only in such a small amount as not giving deleterious effect on the releasing and preservation properties of the resulting particles.
  • the atomizing temperature should be preferably lower enough to minimize the production of ⁇ -lactose anhydride. Therefore, the atomizing temperature should be lower than 120° C., preferably 50° C. to 120° C., and more preferably 80° to 100° C. However, if only a short time period is required for atomizing the emulsion, temperatures higher than 120° C.
  • An amount of water to be used for preparing the emulsion may vary in a wide range depending upon the drying effect exhibited by the atomizing device. However, it should be as little as possible to facilitate the drying of coated particles, provided that the core particles of a compound selected from a group consisting of ⁇ -, ⁇ -lactoses, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof are coated with a compound selected from a group consisting of saturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof.
  • the coated particles of releasing agents according to the present invention are tasteless, odorless and harmless for one's health, which consist of cores of ⁇ -, ⁇ -lactoses and/or calcium carbonate coated with saturated fatty acid monoglycerides and/or derivatives thereof.
  • the ⁇ - and ⁇ -lactoses have an appropriate solubility in water.
  • Calcium carbonate is tasteless and odorless and superior in long-standing stability, and can be used as an eutrophic.
  • calcium carbonate can be used as a releasing agent in an amount within the range defined under the rules for food additives, if it is treated to be afforded a lubricating property.
  • the saturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof which are used as coating material have a high lubricating property. Therefore, the coated particles of the present invention have an improved ductility and an improved releasing property, so that they can uniformly cover the surfaces of a material charged in a mold even with a small amount of the particles in the production of shapes of very viscous edible materials or chewing material, and that they allow the cutting of shaped materials without causing any stickiness at the surfaces of the cut edges of the materials. Moreover, they have a less tendency to be scattered and to float in ambient air during their handling. Thus, the production of cakes of food or chewing stuff can be easily conducted by using the releasing agent particles provided according to the present invention.
  • the releasing agent particles of the present invention may be used in a mixture with known powdery releasing agents.
  • the releasing agent particles for use in shaping edible materials or chewing materials which are produced according to the present invention as described above are tasteless, odorless and harmless for one's health, and has a less tendency to be scattered and to float in the ambient air during processing operations, and has a high lubricating property, a high releasing property and a high stability for an extended period of time. Therefore, they are of high utility value and can be applied to a wide variety of use and purposes, though in this specification there are mentioned only instances where the invention is applied to chewing gum.
  • the samples After leaving ten completely enveloped product samples to stand in a chamber maintained at the temperature of 35° C. and relative humidity of 80% for two weeks, the samples are evaluated as to durability by examining the presence of marking of sticking on the envelopes with the same basis as that for the evaluation of releasing ability described above. Moreover, evaluation of odor is conducted by relying on the sense of smell of the testing persons.
  • One hundred parts of ⁇ -lactose and 4 parts of stearic acid monoglyceride are emulsified with 150 parts of warm water. Thereafter, the emulsion is atomized at a temperature of 100° C. to produce releasing agent particles each having an average size of 150 mesh.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated, except that stearic acid monoglyceride is replaced by monolauro-diacetyl glyceride, to produce coated releasing agent particles.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated, except that ⁇ -lactose and stearic acid monoglyceride are replaced by calcium carbonate and monostearo-monoacetyl glyceride, respectively, to produce coated releasing agent particles.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated, except that stearic acid monoglyceride is replaced by palmitic acid monoglyceride, to produce coated releasing agent particles.
  • Example 1 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated, except that stearic acid monoglyceride is replaced by monostearo-diacetyl glyceride, to produce coated releasing agent particles.
  • Tricapryl glyceride is used as a liquid releasing agent.
  • a mixture of 50 parts of powdery sugar having a particle size of about 150 mesh and 50 parts of starch is used as a powdery releasing agent.
  • Calcium carbonate having a particle size of about 150 mesh is used as a releasing agent.
  • ⁇ -lactose having a particle size of about 150 mesh is used as a releasing agent.
  • a mixture of 100 parts of ⁇ -lactose having a particle size of 160 mesh and 3 parts of stearic acid monoglyceride is used as a releasing agent.
  • Examples 1 to 5 are superior in releasing and lubricating properties as well as in stability for an extended period of time as compared to Controls 1 to 5. Therefore, Examples 1 to 5 attain the object of the present invention. Moreover, Examples 1 to 3 are noted to be superior in releasing and lubricating properties to Examples 4 to 5.

Abstract

A powdery anti-stick agent for keeping the surface of a sticky surface of candy or chewing gum non-adhesive, comprising: a compound selected from a group consisting of α-lactose, β-lactose, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof coated with a compound selected from a group consisting of saturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof. A process for producing the above powdery releasing agent.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
(a) Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to an inexplosive and innoxious powdery releasing agent for keeping the surface of a sticky surface of candy or chewing gum non-adhesive, and more particularly, it pertains to such agent described above which is applicable to edible materials and chewing materials.
(b) Description of the Prior Art
In the production of articles of taste such as chewing gum, caramel, or fudge and so on from viscous edible materials, there have been used a powdery or liquid releasing agent to facilitate the removal of a molded article from a mold, and to facilitate the cutting of the article into pieces of an appropriate size, and also to keep the sticky surface of such piece non-adhesive to its wrapping sheet. Such powdery releasing agent usually includes crystalline saccharoid, starch, calcium carbonate, talc, magnesium stearate, calcium stearate and the like. As liquid releasing agents, there have been extensively used edible oils and fats, liquid edible emulsifiers and the like. However, powder of crystalline saccharoid, starch and calcium carbonate are poor in ductility (malleability) and lubricating property so that such powder requires to be spreaded in a large amount on the entire contacting surfaces of a mold and of a viscous material charged therein for facilitating the removal of the molded article off the mold, or on the entire surfaces of the thus removed article to facilitate its handling for subsequent treatments. The use of a large amount of such powdery releasing agent inevitably is accompanied by spontaneous scattering of a considerable amount thereof in the ambient air, causing adverse effects in terms of economy and sanitation for the workers engaged in the production of the aimed cakes. Especially, a powder of magnesium stearate has the temdency to be electrostatically charged and is susceptible to causing explosion when scattered in the ambient air. Moreover, powdery crystalline saccharoid is disadvantageously hygroscopic so that the surfaces of commercially produced article tend to become moist and damp when the article covered with this powder is left to stand for an extended period of time. Starch is poor in solubility in an aqueous medium at low temperature. Moreover, starch undesirably has a unique odor and this odor will act so as to deprive the desired fragrance of the article and to make the product rejectable due to the resulting modified smell.
Furthermore, in case a powder of calcium carbonate alone is used as a releasing agent, there is the tendency that the amount of this powder required for the releasing purpose becomes large owing to such reasons as described above. Especially when this powder is used for edible candy or chewing gums, the amount of this powder used to keep the article in commercially acceptable condition for subsequent treatment and storage tends to be considerably great. Thus the amount of the powder at the time the article is brought into a mouth of a person would exceed the upper limit which is defined by the official rules for food additives. In case of chewing gum, the amount of such additive powder as calcium carbonate which is allowed to be used is 2% or less by weight. For other foods, the permissible amount of calcium carbonate is designated to be 1% or less by weight.
Powder of talc, itself, has an effective releasing property due to its ductility (malleability) and lubricating property. However, talc is used ordinarily in the form of a very fine powder. Accordingly, there is the risk that a considerable amount of powder becomes afloat in the ambient air to effect the working environment. Moreover, talc powder has frequently to be used in such an amount over the upper limit defined by the rules for food additives to obtain effective releasability and storageability in acceptable conditions at the time the product is brought into the mouth of a person. According to such rules, the officially designated limit of talc powder to be used is 0.5% or less by weight as an additive to food materials. Thus, the use of an excessively large amount of talc powder will be problematical from the point of view of the food sanitation requirements.
Still further, in case crystalline saccharoid or starch is used by coating it with saturated fatty acid monoglyceride or a derivative thereof, the releasability and the lubricating property of such agent will become improved. However, such enclosed saccharoid or starch still has drawbacks in terms of stability during an elongated time period and of odor which are required for marketing the products.
As such, there has been a demand for a releasing agent having a satisfactorily long stability and having no rejectable odor when enclosed in a coating substance.
On the other hand, liquid edible fats and oils and liquid edible emulsifiers to be used as releasing agents are, of course, liquid at room temperature so that the surfaces of products coated with these releasing agents are held in the moist state, giving an appearance like an aged food material if the product is food, and also a tendency to stick to wrapping sheets such as paper, coated film or metalized paper. In some cases, the liquid releasing agents may disadvantageously tend to penetrate into the body of the products with the lapse of time, and may cause rancidity to generate rejectable odor and taste.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
In order to overcome the above difficulties and disadvantages encountered in known releasing agents, there is provided, according to the present invention, an inexplosive and innoxious powdery releasing agent which is capable of effectively and efficiently allowing the removal of a sticky article off a mold, and which has an excellent stability during an extended use.
That is, an object of the present invention is to provide a powdery releasing agent of the type as described above for use in the production and preservation of, for example, shaped food and chewing materials, which agent is tasteless, odorless and not harmful for the health of human being and satisfies the rules for food additives, and which has a less scattering and flying tendency during its handling without the accompaniment of any risk of becoming electrostatically charged or of explosion, and which has excellent lubricating and releasing properties and long-standing stability with no degradation.
Another object of the present invention is to provide a process for producing the powdery releasing agent as described above.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS
The above object can be achieved according to the present invention by providing a releasing agent comprising a compound selected from a group consisting of α- and β-lactoses, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof, which are coated with saturated fatty acid monoglycerides or derivatives thereof.
Saturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof which are used in the present invention include those monoglycerides containing a saturated fatty acid moiety having at least 12 carbon atoms and mono- or di-acetylation products of saturated fatty acid monoglycerides having an acid value of 2 or less and an iodine value of 2 or less.
Saturated fatty acid monoglyceride includes lauric acid monoglyceride (glycerol monolaurate), palmitic acid monoglyceride (glycerol monopalmitate), stearic acid monoglyceride (glycerol monosterate) and the like. Mono- or di-acetylation products of saturated fatty acid monoglycerides include monostearomonoacetyl glyceride, monolauro-diacetyl glyceride and the like. Among them, stearic acid monoglyceride, monostearo-monoacetyl glyceride and monolauro-diacetyl glyceride are especially preferable because they are advantageous in terms of cost, and lubricating and releasing properties.
According to the present invention, fine particles of a compound selected from a group consisting of α- and β-lactoses, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof are coated with a compound selected from a group consisting of saturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof in a coating amount of 2 to 5% by weight, preferably 3 to 4% by weight, based on the weight of the compound which is to be coated. If the coating amount is less than 2% by weight, the lubricating and releasing abilities of resulting coated particles are unacceptably reduced. If the coating amount is higher than 5% by weight, coated particles unpreferably have an excessive flowing property so that they may non-uniformly spread on the contacting surfaces of a mold and also on the surfaces of the material charged in the mold for being shaped, adversely affecting the release of the product from the mold.
The coated particles of the above-stated releasing agents of the present invention for use in shaping food materials or chewing materials including confectionary foods such as candies and chewing gums, have a particle size of 100 mesh or less, preferably 150 to 200 mesh. If the particle size is higher than 100 mesh, the particles are too rough to spread uniformly on the contacting surfaces of a mold and also on the surfaces of the material charged therein, so that the charged material would still tend to stick partly at such interfaces as not containing enough particles between the contacting surfaces of both the material and the mold, resulting, in other words, a reduction in the lubricating and releasing abilities of the particles. Thus, when the shaped material is cut into an appropriate size, the cut segments would stick to one another at the surfaces of the cut ends. Moreover, such large particles of releasing agent coated on edible materials or chewing materials give an unattractive feeling of coarseness to one's mouth.
The particles of releasing agents for use in the production and preservation of shaped edible and chewing materials according to the present invention may be produced by emulsifying a compound selected from a group consisting of α-lactose, β-lactose, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof together with a compound selected from a group of consisting saturated fatty acid monoglycerides, derivatives thereof and mixtures thereof in water and atomizing the emulsion at an appropriate temperature to produce dried coated particles. The atomizing temperature depends upon thermal stabilities of α- or β-lactose, calcium carbonate, saturated fatty acid monoglycerides or derivatives thereof which are used. Hydrated α-lactose has a melting (decomposition) point of about 203° C. and a property of gradually losing crystal water at a temperature of 120° to 130° C. to produce hygroscopic α-lactose anhydride which is undesirable for use as a releasing agent. β-lactose is usually of anhydride and has a melting point of about 252° C. and a property of absorbing water at room temperature to produce α-lactose hydrate. Therefore, the present invention encompasses such transformation from β-lactose to α-lactose hydride which may occur during preparation of the emulsion in water and atomization thereof. The present invention also encompasses the transformation of α-lactose hydride to α-lactose anhydride during atomization of the emulsion if the latter is produced only in such a small amount as not giving deleterious effect on the releasing and preservation properties of the resulting particles. However, the atomizing temperature should be preferably lower enough to minimize the production of α-lactose anhydride. Therefore, the atomizing temperature should be lower than 120° C., preferably 50° C. to 120° C., and more preferably 80° to 100° C. However, if only a short time period is required for atomizing the emulsion, temperatures higher than 120° C. may be used during the period, provided that produced α-lactose anhydride is negligible or not so much as deleteriously affecting the properties of the product particles. An amount of water to be used for preparing the emulsion may vary in a wide range depending upon the drying effect exhibited by the atomizing device. However, it should be as little as possible to facilitate the drying of coated particles, provided that the core particles of a compound selected from a group consisting of α-, β-lactoses, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof are coated with a compound selected from a group consisting of saturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof.
The coated particles of releasing agents according to the present invention are tasteless, odorless and harmless for one's health, which consist of cores of α-, β-lactoses and/or calcium carbonate coated with saturated fatty acid monoglycerides and/or derivatives thereof. The α- and β-lactoses have an appropriate solubility in water. Calcium carbonate is tasteless and odorless and superior in long-standing stability, and can be used as an eutrophic. Moreover, calcium carbonate can be used as a releasing agent in an amount within the range defined under the rules for food additives, if it is treated to be afforded a lubricating property. The saturated fatty acid monoglycerides and derivatives thereof which are used as coating material have a high lubricating property. Therefore, the coated particles of the present invention have an improved ductility and an improved releasing property, so that they can uniformly cover the surfaces of a material charged in a mold even with a small amount of the particles in the production of shapes of very viscous edible materials or chewing material, and that they allow the cutting of shaped materials without causing any stickiness at the surfaces of the cut edges of the materials. Moreover, they have a less tendency to be scattered and to float in ambient air during their handling. Thus, the production of cakes of food or chewing stuff can be easily conducted by using the releasing agent particles provided according to the present invention.
The releasing agent particles of the present invention may be used in a mixture with known powdery releasing agents.
The releasing agent particles for use in shaping edible materials or chewing materials which are produced according to the present invention as described above are tasteless, odorless and harmless for one's health, and has a less tendency to be scattered and to float in the ambient air during processing operations, and has a high lubricating property, a high releasing property and a high stability for an extended period of time. Therefore, they are of high utility value and can be applied to a wide variety of use and purposes, though in this specification there are mentioned only instances where the invention is applied to chewing gum.
The present invention will hereunder be described with respect to the following examples, wherein parts of percentages (%) are based upon weight.
Tests on releasing ability and durability referred to in the following examples are carried out in a manner as follows:
(a) Releasing Ability Test
After coating all the surfaces of a rectangular sample of 17 cm×10 cm+1 cm with 5 g of a releasing agent, the rectangular sample is passed through a clearance between rollers of 5 mm and examined for the presence of markings of sticking. This cycle is repeated ten times. Releasing ability is evaluated by an average value calculated with "non-sticking" representing three points, "spot-sticking" two points, "partial face-sticking" one point and "overall face-sticking" zero, and counting fractions 0.5 and over as unity and disregarding the smaller fractions.
(b) Durability Test
After leaving ten completely enveloped product samples to stand in a chamber maintained at the temperature of 35° C. and relative humidity of 80% for two weeks, the samples are evaluated as to durability by examining the presence of marking of sticking on the envelopes with the same basis as that for the evaluation of releasing ability described above. Moreover, evaluation of odor is conducted by relying on the sense of smell of the testing persons.
EXAMPLE 1
One hundred parts of β-lactose and 4 parts of stearic acid monoglyceride are emulsified with 150 parts of warm water. Thereafter, the emulsion is atomized at a temperature of 100° C. to produce releasing agent particles each having an average size of 150 mesh.
EXAMPLE 2
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated, except that stearic acid monoglyceride is replaced by monolauro-diacetyl glyceride, to produce coated releasing agent particles.
EXAMPLE 3
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated, except that β-lactose and stearic acid monoglyceride are replaced by calcium carbonate and monostearo-monoacetyl glyceride, respectively, to produce coated releasing agent particles.
EXAMPLE 4
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated, except that stearic acid monoglyceride is replaced by palmitic acid monoglyceride, to produce coated releasing agent particles.
EXAMPLE 5
The procedure of Example 1 is repeated, except that stearic acid monoglyceride is replaced by monostearo-diacetyl glyceride, to produce coated releasing agent particles.
CONTROL 1
Tricapryl glyceride is used as a liquid releasing agent.
CONTROL 2
A mixture of 50 parts of powdery sugar having a particle size of about 150 mesh and 50 parts of starch is used as a powdery releasing agent.
CONTROL 3
Calcium carbonate having a particle size of about 150 mesh is used as a releasing agent.
CONTROL 4
β-lactose having a particle size of about 150 mesh is used as a releasing agent.
CONTROL 5
A mixture of 100 parts of β-lactose having a particle size of 160 mesh and 3 parts of stearic acid monoglyceride is used as a releasing agent.
Results obtained by testing above releasing agents as to releasing ability and durability with chewing gum are summerized in the following Table 1.
                                  Table 1                                 
__________________________________________________________________________
       Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Ex- Con-                                           
                              Con-                                        
                                 Con-                                     
                                    Con-                                  
                                       Con-                               
Sample ample                                                              
           ample                                                          
               ample                                                      
                   ample                                                  
                       ample                                              
                           trol                                           
                              trol                                        
                                 trol                                     
                                    trol                                  
                                       trol                               
Item   1   2   3   4   5   1  2  3  4  5                                  
__________________________________________________________________________
Just after                                                                
production:                                                               
Releasing                                                                 
       3   3   3   2   2   3  0  1  1  1                                  
Sticking                                                                  
to Envelope                                                               
       3   3   3   3   3   2  2  2  2  2                                  
Odor   none                                                               
           none                                                           
               none                                                       
                   none                                                   
                       none                                               
                           a  yes                                         
                                 none                                     
                                    none                                  
                                       none                               
                           little                                         
After two                                                                 
weeks:                                                                    
Sticking                                                                  
to Envelope                                                               
       3   3   3   3   3   1  0  0  0  0                                  
Odor   none                                                               
           none                                                           
               none                                                       
                   none                                                   
                       none                                               
                           yes                                            
                              yes                                         
                                 none                                     
                                    none                                  
                                       none                               
__________________________________________________________________________
As will be apparent from the above-mentioned results, Examples 1 to 5 (the products according to the present invention) are superior in releasing and lubricating properties as well as in stability for an extended period of time as compared to Controls 1 to 5. Therefore, Examples 1 to 5 attain the object of the present invention. Moreover, Examples 1 to 3 are noted to be superior in releasing and lubricating properties to Examples 4 to 5.

Claims (8)

What is claimed is:
1. A solid candy or chewing gum having the outer surface coated with an effective amount of a powdery anti-stick agent to keep the stick surface of the candy or chewing gum non-sticking; said powdery anti-stick agent comprising fine particles of a base compound (1) selected from the group consisting of α-lactose, β-lactose, calcium carbonate and mixtures thereof coated with a coating compound (2) selected from the group consisting of solid monoglycerides of a saturated fatty acid having 12 to 18 carbon atoms and mono- or diacetylation products of said saturated fatty acid monoglycerides; said coating amount present in about 2 to 5% by weight based on the weight of the base compound (1).
2. A product according to claim 1 wherein chewing gum is coated with the anti-stick agent.
3. A product with an anti-stick agent according to claim 1, in which said coating amount is about 3 to 4% by weight.
4. A product with an anti-stick agent according to claim 1, having a particle size of 100 mesh or less.
5. A product with an anti-stick agent according to claim 4, having a particle size of 150 mesh to 200 mesh.
6. A product with an anti-stick agent according to claim 1 wherein compound (1) comprises β-lactose.
7. A product with an anti-stick agent according to claim 1 wherein compound (1) comprises α-lactose.
8. A product with an anti-stick agent according to claim 1 wherein compound (1) comprises calcium carbonate.
US05/865,336 1977-06-13 1977-12-28 Powdery anti-stick agent for keeping the sticky surface of candy or chewing gum non-adhesive Expired - Lifetime US4208432A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP7024277A JPS545063A (en) 1977-06-13 1977-06-13 Powdery mold releasing agent for confectionery
JP52-70242 1977-06-13

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
US4208432A true US4208432A (en) 1980-06-17

Family

ID=13425894

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
US05/865,336 Expired - Lifetime US4208432A (en) 1977-06-13 1977-12-28 Powdery anti-stick agent for keeping the sticky surface of candy or chewing gum non-adhesive

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US4208432A (en)
JP (1) JPS545063A (en)
AU (1) AU515992B2 (en)
DE (1) DE2801472A1 (en)
GB (1) GB1590970A (en)
IT (1) IT1089294B (en)

Cited By (21)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4952407A (en) * 1988-09-12 1990-08-28 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Chewing gum containing glycerol mono laurate
US4971787A (en) * 1984-08-27 1990-11-20 Warner-Lambert Company Antacid chewing gum
FR2785534A1 (en) * 1998-11-09 2000-05-12 Rhodia Chimie Sa FLUORINATED TOOTHPASTE COMPOSITION COMPRISING FLUORINE-COMPATIBLE ABRASIVE PARTICLES OF CALCIUM MATERIAL
WO2000055043A1 (en) * 1999-03-12 2000-09-21 The Trustees Of The Hilldale Trust A food product made releasable from its wrapper by coating or baking
US20030008042A1 (en) * 2000-05-04 2003-01-09 Khalsa Soram Singh Food product with nutraceuticals and packaging for same
WO2003059081A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-07-24 Mars Incorporated Solid fat based materials as flow agents
SG97969A1 (en) * 1999-12-02 2003-08-20 Nestle Sa Preventing stickness of high-boiled confections
US20040096495A1 (en) * 2000-12-08 2004-05-20 Yasushi Watanabe Method and apparatus for producing tablets
US20040109927A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-10 Ang Jit Fu Carbonate-based anti-caking agent with reduced gas release properties
US20040185145A1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2004-09-23 Ehrman Richard A. Food product and related method
US20060159803A1 (en) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-20 Gottemoller Thomas V Polyol coated particles
US20070158399A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2007-07-12 The Trustees Of The Hilldale Trust, Sanford B. Weiss, ...Andrew I Wolf... Food product with nutraceuticals and packaging for same
US20080026106A1 (en) * 2006-07-28 2008-01-31 Weiss Sanford B Fruit based food product and related method
AU2003281947B2 (en) * 2002-10-10 2010-01-28 Oskar Hauke Building material for the erection or renovation of a construction, in particular dykes and use and method for production thereof
US20110123672A1 (en) * 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Xiaohu Xia Gum bases, chewing gums based thereupon, and methods for making the same
EP2068642A4 (en) * 2006-08-17 2012-02-29 Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc Dusting compositions for chewing gum products
WO2015086388A1 (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-18 Nestec S.A. Emulsions stabilized by particles of an edible inorganic salt
US9468224B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2016-10-18 Avery Dennison Corporation Removable polymer compositions
US9783627B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2017-10-10 Avery Dennison Corporation Removable composition with polymer microspheres
US10820608B1 (en) 2015-10-26 2020-11-03 The Hershey Company Hard candy confections with low hygroscopicity
US11800880B2 (en) 2013-12-06 2023-10-31 Intercontinental Great Brands Llc System and method for scoring and/or cutting chewing gum

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPH0223879Y2 (en) * 1985-06-14 1990-06-29
DE3838066C1 (en) * 1988-11-10 1989-12-14 Mars Gmbh, 4060 Viersen, De Process for treating pieces of Turkish delight
IL126746A0 (en) * 1998-10-26 1999-08-17 Nutragal Ltd Dev Production An Calcium salt compositions having improved solubility and method for preparing them

Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2076112A (en) * 1930-01-30 1937-04-06 Sweets Lab Inc Masticable material
US2913342A (en) * 1956-07-27 1959-11-17 Gen Foods Corp Powdered fat composition and process
US2970915A (en) * 1958-06-27 1961-02-07 Short Milling Co J Method of preparing bread
US3052560A (en) * 1961-04-07 1962-09-04 Kadison Lab Inc Dry, free-flowing meat curing compositions
US3285750A (en) * 1964-03-09 1966-11-15 Daiwa Chemical Ind Ltd Chewing gum compositions having low adherence when discarded and methods of preparation thereof
US3291614A (en) * 1958-03-03 1966-12-13 Nat Dairy Prod Corp Soluble dry milk product and a method of producing the same
US3293043A (en) * 1964-01-08 1966-12-20 Borden Co Unbaked bakery products for refrigerator storage coated with acetylated monoglycerides
US3295992A (en) * 1963-08-28 1967-01-03 Richardson Merrell Inc Reducing the stickiness of hot candy
US3734748A (en) * 1970-12-18 1973-05-22 Ueno Fine Chemical Ind Method of preventing the spoilage of bread
US3974293A (en) * 1975-11-26 1976-08-10 Life Savers, Inc. Non-adhesive chewing gum composition
US3984574A (en) * 1975-04-11 1976-10-05 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Non-tack chewing gum composition

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS50153457A (en) * 1974-05-31 1975-12-10

Patent Citations (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2076112A (en) * 1930-01-30 1937-04-06 Sweets Lab Inc Masticable material
US2913342A (en) * 1956-07-27 1959-11-17 Gen Foods Corp Powdered fat composition and process
US3291614A (en) * 1958-03-03 1966-12-13 Nat Dairy Prod Corp Soluble dry milk product and a method of producing the same
US2970915A (en) * 1958-06-27 1961-02-07 Short Milling Co J Method of preparing bread
US3052560A (en) * 1961-04-07 1962-09-04 Kadison Lab Inc Dry, free-flowing meat curing compositions
US3295992A (en) * 1963-08-28 1967-01-03 Richardson Merrell Inc Reducing the stickiness of hot candy
US3293043A (en) * 1964-01-08 1966-12-20 Borden Co Unbaked bakery products for refrigerator storage coated with acetylated monoglycerides
US3285750A (en) * 1964-03-09 1966-11-15 Daiwa Chemical Ind Ltd Chewing gum compositions having low adherence when discarded and methods of preparation thereof
US3734748A (en) * 1970-12-18 1973-05-22 Ueno Fine Chemical Ind Method of preventing the spoilage of bread
US3984574A (en) * 1975-04-11 1976-10-05 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Non-tack chewing gum composition
US3974293A (en) * 1975-11-26 1976-08-10 Life Savers, Inc. Non-adhesive chewing gum composition

Cited By (32)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4971787A (en) * 1984-08-27 1990-11-20 Warner-Lambert Company Antacid chewing gum
US4952407A (en) * 1988-09-12 1990-08-28 Wm. Wrigley Jr. Company Chewing gum containing glycerol mono laurate
FR2785534A1 (en) * 1998-11-09 2000-05-12 Rhodia Chimie Sa FLUORINATED TOOTHPASTE COMPOSITION COMPRISING FLUORINE-COMPATIBLE ABRASIVE PARTICLES OF CALCIUM MATERIAL
WO2000027338A2 (en) * 1998-11-09 2000-05-18 Rhodia Chimie Fluorinated toothpaste composition comprising calcic material abrasive particles compatible with fluorine
WO2000027338A3 (en) * 1998-11-09 2000-10-05 Rhodia Chimie Sa Fluorinated toothpaste composition comprising calcic material abrasive particles compatible with fluorine
WO2000055043A1 (en) * 1999-03-12 2000-09-21 The Trustees Of The Hilldale Trust A food product made releasable from its wrapper by coating or baking
US20020197361A1 (en) * 1999-03-12 2002-12-26 Ehrman Richard A. Food product and related method
US7101581B2 (en) 1999-03-12 2006-09-05 The Trustees Of The Hildale Trust Food product and related method
US20040185145A1 (en) * 1999-07-22 2004-09-23 Ehrman Richard A. Food product and related method
SG97969A1 (en) * 1999-12-02 2003-08-20 Nestle Sa Preventing stickness of high-boiled confections
US6616956B2 (en) 1999-12-02 2003-09-09 Nestec S.A. Preventing stickiness of high-boiled confections
US20030008042A1 (en) * 2000-05-04 2003-01-09 Khalsa Soram Singh Food product with nutraceuticals and packaging for same
US20040096495A1 (en) * 2000-12-08 2004-05-20 Yasushi Watanabe Method and apparatus for producing tablets
US20030152677A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-08-14 Mars, Incorporated Solid fat based materials as flow agents
WO2003059081A1 (en) * 2002-01-15 2003-07-24 Mars Incorporated Solid fat based materials as flow agents
US20070158399A1 (en) * 2002-08-30 2007-07-12 The Trustees Of The Hilldale Trust, Sanford B. Weiss, ...Andrew I Wolf... Food product with nutraceuticals and packaging for same
AU2003281947B2 (en) * 2002-10-10 2010-01-28 Oskar Hauke Building material for the erection or renovation of a construction, in particular dykes and use and method for production thereof
US20040109927A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-10 Ang Jit Fu Carbonate-based anti-caking agent with reduced gas release properties
WO2004049821A1 (en) * 2002-11-27 2004-06-17 International Fiber Corporation Carbonate-based anti-caking agent with reduced gas release
US20060159803A1 (en) * 2004-12-30 2006-07-20 Gottemoller Thomas V Polyol coated particles
US20080026106A1 (en) * 2006-07-28 2008-01-31 Weiss Sanford B Fruit based food product and related method
EP2068642A4 (en) * 2006-08-17 2012-02-29 Kraft Foods Global Brands Llc Dusting compositions for chewing gum products
US20110123672A1 (en) * 2009-11-23 2011-05-26 Xiaohu Xia Gum bases, chewing gums based thereupon, and methods for making the same
US9783627B2 (en) 2011-01-14 2017-10-10 Avery Dennison Corporation Removable composition with polymer microspheres
US9468224B2 (en) 2011-08-31 2016-10-18 Avery Dennison Corporation Removable polymer compositions
US11800880B2 (en) 2013-12-06 2023-10-31 Intercontinental Great Brands Llc System and method for scoring and/or cutting chewing gum
WO2015086388A1 (en) * 2013-12-13 2015-06-18 Nestec S.A. Emulsions stabilized by particles of an edible inorganic salt
CN105792660A (en) * 2013-12-13 2016-07-20 雀巢产品技术援助有限公司 Emulsions stabilized by particles of an edible inorganic salt
AU2014363887B2 (en) * 2013-12-13 2018-04-05 Société des Produits Nestlé S.A. Emulsions stabilized by particles of an edible inorganic salt
RU2667744C1 (en) * 2013-12-13 2018-09-24 Нестек С.А. Emulsions stabilised by particles of edible inorganic salt
CN105792660B (en) * 2013-12-13 2019-12-27 雀巢产品有限公司 Emulsion stabilized with particles of edible inorganic salts
US10820608B1 (en) 2015-10-26 2020-11-03 The Hershey Company Hard candy confections with low hygroscopicity

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
GB1590970A (en) 1981-06-10
JPS569090B2 (en) 1981-02-27
AU3221578A (en) 1979-07-12
JPS545063A (en) 1979-01-16
IT1089294B (en) 1985-06-18
AU515992B2 (en) 1981-05-14
DE2801472A1 (en) 1978-12-21

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US4208432A (en) Powdery anti-stick agent for keeping the sticky surface of candy or chewing gum non-adhesive
US3527646A (en) Method of coating foods with pregelatinized starch
US4293572A (en) Process for applying a moisture barrier coating to baked and fried food products
US2809895A (en) Solid flavoring composition and method of preparing the same
US3573058A (en) Microcrystalline cellulose compositions co-dried with hydrocolloids
US4812445A (en) Starch based encapsulation process
US2909435A (en) Coating of raisins and other foods
FI104459B (en) Tobacco item and tobacco element
US4172154A (en) Process of preparing a baked flour-containing product
US2218592A (en) Vitamin preparation and method of making same
US3976794A (en) Encapsulation of sugar and its use in sweetened coconut
US2791509A (en) Method of producing zein-coated confectionery
WO1986000787A1 (en) Stabilized fat-containing systems and methods of producing same
JPS5951241B2 (en) Method for improving bread and other flour products
AU2003264460A1 (en) Edible moisture barrier for food products
JPS5854787B2 (en) New Kazai High Gobutsu
US3743512A (en) Monoglyceride product and method of preparing the same
US2856294A (en) Mold inhibiting processes and products thereof
US2120020A (en) Preserving bakery products
US2431498A (en) Shortening
US5518756A (en) Powder mixture
US3464828A (en) Method of preparing puffed cereal product
US3226239A (en) Confectioners' molding starch
US3258396A (en) Rodenticidal bait compositions
US3297806A (en) Method of protecting unstable materials