US4268117A - Sheet assembly for forming imaged retroreflective sheeting - Google Patents

Sheet assembly for forming imaged retroreflective sheeting Download PDF

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Publication number
US4268117A
US4268117A US06/098,738 US9873879A US4268117A US 4268117 A US4268117 A US 4268117A US 9873879 A US9873879 A US 9873879A US 4268117 A US4268117 A US 4268117A
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United States
Prior art keywords
film
sheeting
layer
retroreflective sheeting
assembly
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Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
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US06/098,738
Inventor
Charles V. Sevelin
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3M Co
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Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co filed Critical Minnesota Mining and Manufacturing Co
Priority to US06/098,738 priority Critical patent/US4268117A/en
Priority to DE19803045012 priority patent/DE3045012A1/en
Priority to FR8025246A priority patent/FR2470680A1/en
Priority to GB8038199A priority patent/GB2065551B/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US4268117A publication Critical patent/US4268117A/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B27/00—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin
    • B32B27/06—Layered products comprising a layer of synthetic resin as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B15/00—Layered products comprising a layer of metal
    • B32B15/04—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material
    • B32B15/08—Layered products comprising a layer of metal comprising metal as the main or only constituent of a layer, which is next to another layer of the same or of a different material of synthetic resin
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B7/00—Layered products characterised by the relation between layers; Layered products characterised by the relative orientation of features between layers, or by the relative values of a measurable parameter between layers, i.e. products comprising layers having different physical, chemical or physicochemical properties; Layered products characterised by the interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/04—Interconnection of layers
    • B32B7/12—Interconnection of layers using interposed adhesives or interposed materials with bonding properties
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G02—OPTICS
    • G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
    • G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
    • G02B5/12—Reflex reflectors
    • G02B5/126—Reflex reflectors including curved refracting surface
    • G02B5/128—Reflex reflectors including curved refracting surface transparent spheres being embedded in matrix
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/41—Opaque
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2307/00—Properties of the layers or laminate
    • B32B2307/40—Properties of the layers or laminate having particular optical properties
    • B32B2307/416—Reflective
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
    • B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
    • B32B2590/00—Signboards, advertising panels, road signs

Definitions

  • retroreflective sheeting Rather elaborate equipment is conventionally used to form images on retroreflective sheeting.
  • license plates are often formed by laminating retroreflective sheeting to a metal plate, embossing the plate to raise alphanumeric characters on the plate, and then roller-printing the raised characters to make them visibly distinctive from the reflective background.
  • Other imaged reflective markings such as traffic-control signs are conventionally prepared by silkscreen printing techniques, which require equipment and materials for preparing the imaged screen as well as for printing with the screen.
  • retroreflective sheeting For some uses of retroreflective sheeting, a more simple imaging technique is needed, as when the images are to be applied not by one large central agency but by many smaller individual agencies. For example, in some jurisdictions it is desired to issue and image license plates at local agencies, which cannot economically justify the cost of owning conventional embossing and printing equipment.
  • the present invention provides a sheet assembly from which graphically imaged retroreflective markings may be rapidly and conveniently made with little equipment.
  • this new sheet assembly comprises a base retroreflective sheeting that retroreflects light shined at the front surface of the sheeting; a film that overlies the front surface of the base retroreflective sheeting and is visibly distinctive from that surface; a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive disposed between the film and base retroreflective sheeting; and a heat-susceptible low-adhesion layer interposed between the layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive and either the film or base retroreflective sheeting.
  • the heat-susceptible layer has low adhesion to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer prior to heat-exposure such that the assembly can be manually peeled apart at the interface between the low-adhesion and pressure-sensitive adhesive layers. But upon heating of the assembly to an elevated temperature, the low-adhesion layer and pressure-sensitive adhesive layer develop a firm and long-lasting bond between the film and base retroreflective sheeting. After cooling of the assembly to room temperature, the film generally cannot be manually peeled intact from the assembly.
  • the sheet assembly may be supplied with the overlying film cut along lines that define graphic symbols, or such lines may be cut into the film whenever it is desired to prepare imaged retroreflective markings.
  • the portions of the overlying film adjacent to the image portions are peeled away from the base retroreflective sheeting, and the sheet assembly is placed in an oven or passed through a heating apparatus so as to remove the low-adhesion character of the heat-susceptible layer and form a strong bond between the base retroreflective sheeting and imaging portions of the film.
  • the drawing is an enlarged sectional view through a sheet assembly of the invention 10, which comprises a base retroreflective sheeting 11 comprising, in this embodiment, a layer of glass microspheres 12, a transparent binder layer 13, a transparent top layer 14, a transparent spacing layer 15 having a contoured back surface appropriately spaced from the microspheres, a layer 16 of specularly reflecting material such as vapor-deposited aluminum coated on the contoured back surface of the layer 15, a layer 17 of adhesive, and a liner 18 which covers the layer of adhesive.
  • the base retroreflective sheeting retroreflects light shined at the front surface 19 of the sheeting.
  • pressure-sensitive adhesives develop adhesion to a substrate at ambient temperature using moderate pressure such as thumb pressure, and a variety of materials are available for that purpose.
  • the layer 22 has low adhesion to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 21, although there is sufficient adhesion for the film 20 to be held to the base retroreflective sheeting under normal handling conditions. The assembly will remain intact until a peeling force is applied to peel the film 20 away from the base retroreflective sheeting 11, with separation taking place at the interface between the layer of adhesive 21 and low-adhesion layer 22.
  • retroreflective sheeting could be used instead of that shown, including sheeting such as described in McKenzie, U.S. Pat. No. 3,190,178, which is another form of microsphere-containing sheeting, and sheeting such as described in Stamm, U.S. Pat. No. 3,712,706, which uses cube-corner retroreflective elements instead of microspheres; the cube corners can be cast or embossed in the back surface of a transparent film.
  • the film adhered over the base retroreflective sheeting can be opaque or transparent, but should be visibly distinctive from the base retroreflective sheeting.
  • the most common visible distinction between the overlying film and the base retroreflective sheeting is a difference in color.
  • the base retroreflective sheeting will be a white or silver color (arising from the generally metallic specularly reflective layer) and the overlying film will be a different color, often black or a color that carries a traffic-control meaning, such as red or yellow.
  • the visibly distinctive film is generally a polymerbased film, comprising a polymer such as a polyester, polyvinyl chloride, or polyurethane.
  • the thickness of the film can vary over a range of at least 10 to 200 micrometers.
  • the film is quite flexible, for example, being rollable around a one-centimeter-diameter mandrel, so that it can be readily peeled from the base retroreflective sheeting.
  • the sheet assembly of the invention is typically adhered to a substrate, using adhesive carried on the assembly or coated onto the assembly or substrate at the time of application.
  • the sheet assembly may serve as a marking by itself.
  • a base retroreflective sheeting of the type shown in the drawing was coated on the front surface with a solution of a polyurethane made from polyvinyl alcohol and octadecylisocyanate.
  • the coating was applied with a squeeze-roll coater and dried in an oven, leaving a dry low-adhesion layer about 0.25 micrometer thick.
  • the coated sheeting was then passed through laminating rollers with a 50-micrometer-thick black polyvinyl-chloride-based film which carried a 25-micrometer-thick layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive that comprised 90 parts of 2-methyl butyl acrylate and 10 parts of acrylic acid, with the low-adhesion layer disposed against the adhesive layer.
  • the sheeting and film remained adhered to one another even when the assembly was rolled in a tight roll (for example, around a one-centimeter-diameter mandrel) or flexed; but the film could be readily peeled away by lifting one corner of the film and pulling on the corner.
  • a section of the resulting sheet assembly was adhered to a metal plate and graphic symbols were cut in the overlying film using a razor blade.
  • the background portions of the film were peeled away leaving the symbols in place on the base retroreflective sheeting.
  • the whole composite was then placed for two minutes in an oven heated to 300° F. (150° C.). Upon removal from the oven the symbols could not be removed from the base retroreflective sheeting by scraping with a fingernail or by attempting to penetrate the interface between the sheeting and film with a spatula.
  • Example 1 was repeated except that the low-adhesion layer was formed in Example 2 from a solution of a polymer comprising 60 parts of octadecylacrylate and 40 parts of acrylic acid and in Example 3 from a solution of a tetrapolymer comprising 51 parts octadecylacrylate, 29 parts of acrylonitrile, 11 parts of methylacrylate and 9 parts of acrylic acid.
  • the film was readily removed from the base retroreflective sheeting prior to heating of the sheet assembly, but graphic symbols cut from the overlying film became strongly adhered when the sheet assembly was heated in an oven.

Abstract

Sheet assembly useful to form graphically imaged retroreflective markings comprises a base retroreflective sheeting and a film overlying the sheeting. The film is visibly distinctive from the base retroreflective sheeting and is held to the sheeting by a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive. A heat-susceptible low-adhesion layer is interposed between the layer of adhesive and either the sheeting or overlying film. In use of the assembly, graphic symbols are cut in the film, and the background areas of the film manually peeled away. The assembly is then heated, whereupon a firm bond develops at the interface between the non-removed image portions of the film and the base retroreflective sheeting.

Description

Rather elaborate equipment is conventionally used to form images on retroreflective sheeting. For example, license plates are often formed by laminating retroreflective sheeting to a metal plate, embossing the plate to raise alphanumeric characters on the plate, and then roller-printing the raised characters to make them visibly distinctive from the reflective background. Other imaged reflective markings such as traffic-control signs are conventionally prepared by silkscreen printing techniques, which require equipment and materials for preparing the imaged screen as well as for printing with the screen.
For some uses of retroreflective sheeting, a more simple imaging technique is needed, as when the images are to be applied not by one large central agency but by many smaller individual agencies. For example, in some jurisdictions it is desired to issue and image license plates at local agencies, which cannot economically justify the cost of owning conventional embossing and printing equipment.
The present invention provides a sheet assembly from which graphically imaged retroreflective markings may be rapidly and conveniently made with little equipment. Briefly, this new sheet assembly comprises a base retroreflective sheeting that retroreflects light shined at the front surface of the sheeting; a film that overlies the front surface of the base retroreflective sheeting and is visibly distinctive from that surface; a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive disposed between the film and base retroreflective sheeting; and a heat-susceptible low-adhesion layer interposed between the layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive and either the film or base retroreflective sheeting. The heat-susceptible layer has low adhesion to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer prior to heat-exposure such that the assembly can be manually peeled apart at the interface between the low-adhesion and pressure-sensitive adhesive layers. But upon heating of the assembly to an elevated temperature, the low-adhesion layer and pressure-sensitive adhesive layer develop a firm and long-lasting bond between the film and base retroreflective sheeting. After cooling of the assembly to room temperature, the film generally cannot be manually peeled intact from the assembly.
The sheet assembly may be supplied with the overlying film cut along lines that define graphic symbols, or such lines may be cut into the film whenever it is desired to prepare imaged retroreflective markings. To form an image, the portions of the overlying film adjacent to the image portions are peeled away from the base retroreflective sheeting, and the sheet assembly is placed in an oven or passed through a heating apparatus so as to remove the low-adhesion character of the heat-susceptible layer and form a strong bond between the base retroreflective sheeting and imaging portions of the film.
The drawing is an enlarged sectional view through a sheet assembly of the invention 10, which comprises a base retroreflective sheeting 11 comprising, in this embodiment, a layer of glass microspheres 12, a transparent binder layer 13, a transparent top layer 14, a transparent spacing layer 15 having a contoured back surface appropriately spaced from the microspheres, a layer 16 of specularly reflecting material such as vapor-deposited aluminum coated on the contoured back surface of the layer 15, a layer 17 of adhesive, and a liner 18 which covers the layer of adhesive. The base retroreflective sheeting retroreflects light shined at the front surface 19 of the sheeting.
A film 20 that is visibly distinctive from the front surface of the base retroreflective sheeting overlies that surface, and a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 21 and heat-susceptible layer 22 are interposed between the base retroreflective sheeting and the overlying film. As is well known, pressure-sensitive adhesives develop adhesion to a substrate at ambient temperature using moderate pressure such as thumb pressure, and a variety of materials are available for that purpose. The layer 22 has low adhesion to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer 21, although there is sufficient adhesion for the film 20 to be held to the base retroreflective sheeting under normal handling conditions. The assembly will remain intact until a peeling force is applied to peel the film 20 away from the base retroreflective sheeting 11, with separation taking place at the interface between the layer of adhesive 21 and low-adhesion layer 22.
Various other kinds of retroreflective sheeting could be used instead of that shown, including sheeting such as described in McKenzie, U.S. Pat. No. 3,190,178, which is another form of microsphere-containing sheeting, and sheeting such as described in Stamm, U.S. Pat. No. 3,712,706, which uses cube-corner retroreflective elements instead of microspheres; the cube corners can be cast or embossed in the back surface of a transparent film.
Many materials are known that may be coated on a substrate to provide a surface having low adhesion toward a pressure-sensitive adhesive. For example, such materials have been used for many years as "low-adhesion backsizes" on backings for pressure-sensitive adhesive tapes to prevent the backings from adhering to overlying layers of tape when the tape is wound in a roll. Generally, sheet material treated with a low-adhesion backsize has an adhesion of less than about 10 ounces/inch width to the adhesive layer which it is intended to contact. In any event the adhesion is sufficiently low in products of the invention so that the base retroreflective sheeting and overlying film may be manually peeled apart.
We have now found that when an assembly of two sheets, which carry, respectively, a pressure-sensitive adhesive layer and a low-adhesion layer disposed in contact with one another, is heated above the softening point of the low-adhesion layer and then cooled, a strong bond develops between the sheets. In fact, in preferred embodiments of the invention the bond that develops is of greater strength than would have developed during heating in the absence of the low-adhesion layer.
The film adhered over the base retroreflective sheeting can be opaque or transparent, but should be visibly distinctive from the base retroreflective sheeting. The most common visible distinction between the overlying film and the base retroreflective sheeting is a difference in color. Quite often the base retroreflective sheeting will be a white or silver color (arising from the generally metallic specularly reflective layer) and the overlying film will be a different color, often black or a color that carries a traffic-control meaning, such as red or yellow.
The visibly distinctive film is generally a polymerbased film, comprising a polymer such as a polyester, polyvinyl chloride, or polyurethane. The thickness of the film can vary over a range of at least 10 to 200 micrometers. Generally, the film is quite flexible, for example, being rollable around a one-centimeter-diameter mandrel, so that it can be readily peeled from the base retroreflective sheeting.
Many techniques are available for cutting through the film without penetrating into the underlying base retroreflective sheeting. Such techniques include die cutting and cutting by hand with a razor blade.
Either before or after imaging, the sheet assembly of the invention is typically adhered to a substrate, using adhesive carried on the assembly or coated onto the assembly or substrate at the time of application. Alternatively, the sheet assembly may serve as a marking by itself.
The invention will be further illustrated with the following examples (parts are by weight).
EXAMPLE 1
A base retroreflective sheeting of the type shown in the drawing was coated on the front surface with a solution of a polyurethane made from polyvinyl alcohol and octadecylisocyanate. The coating was applied with a squeeze-roll coater and dried in an oven, leaving a dry low-adhesion layer about 0.25 micrometer thick. The coated sheeting was then passed through laminating rollers with a 50-micrometer-thick black polyvinyl-chloride-based film which carried a 25-micrometer-thick layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive that comprised 90 parts of 2-methyl butyl acrylate and 10 parts of acrylic acid, with the low-adhesion layer disposed against the adhesive layer. The sheeting and film remained adhered to one another even when the assembly was rolled in a tight roll (for example, around a one-centimeter-diameter mandrel) or flexed; but the film could be readily peeled away by lifting one corner of the film and pulling on the corner.
A section of the resulting sheet assembly was adhered to a metal plate and graphic symbols were cut in the overlying film using a razor blade. The background portions of the film were peeled away leaving the symbols in place on the base retroreflective sheeting. The whole composite was then placed for two minutes in an oven heated to 300° F. (150° C.). Upon removal from the oven the symbols could not be removed from the base retroreflective sheeting by scraping with a fingernail or by attempting to penetrate the interface between the sheeting and film with a spatula.
EXAMPLES 2 AND 3
Example 1 was repeated except that the low-adhesion layer was formed in Example 2 from a solution of a polymer comprising 60 parts of octadecylacrylate and 40 parts of acrylic acid and in Example 3 from a solution of a tetrapolymer comprising 51 parts octadecylacrylate, 29 parts of acrylonitrile, 11 parts of methylacrylate and 9 parts of acrylic acid. Again, the film was readily removed from the base retroreflective sheeting prior to heating of the sheet assembly, but graphic symbols cut from the overlying film became strongly adhered when the sheet assembly was heated in an oven.

Claims (3)

What we claim is:
1. Sheet assembly useful to form graphically imaged retroreflective markings comprising a base retroreflective sheeting that retroreflects light shined against its front surface, a film overlying and visibly distinctive from the front surface of the base retroreflective sheeting, a layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive disposed between the film and base retroreflective sheeting, and a heat-susceptible low-adhesion layer interposed between the layer of pressure-sensitive adhesive and either the film or base retroreflective sheeting, the low adhesion layer having low adhesion to the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer prior to heat-exposure of the assembly such that the assembly may be manually peeled apart at the interface between the low-adhesion layer and pressure-sensitive adhesive layer, but developing in combination with the pressure-sensitive adhesive layer a firm and long-lasting bond between the film and base retroreflective sheeting when the assembly is heated to an elevated temperature.
2. Sheeting of claim 1 in which said overlying film has been cut along lines that define graphic symbols.
3. Sheeting of claim 1 in which said overlying film is visibly opaque.
US06/098,738 1979-11-30 1979-11-30 Sheet assembly for forming imaged retroreflective sheeting Expired - Lifetime US4268117A (en)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/098,738 US4268117A (en) 1979-11-30 1979-11-30 Sheet assembly for forming imaged retroreflective sheeting
DE19803045012 DE3045012A1 (en) 1979-11-30 1980-11-28 "LAYER ARRANGEMENT FOR THE PRODUCTION OF IMAGED REFLECTIVE BOW OR SHEET MATERIAL"
FR8025246A FR2470680A1 (en) 1979-11-30 1980-11-28 COMPOSITE SHEET FOR FORMING A RETROREFLECTIVE IMAGE SUPPORT
GB8038199A GB2065551B (en) 1979-11-30 1980-11-28 Retroreflective sheet assembly

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US06/098,738 US4268117A (en) 1979-11-30 1979-11-30 Sheet assembly for forming imaged retroreflective sheeting

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US4268117A true US4268117A (en) 1981-05-19

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DE (1) DE3045012A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2470680A1 (en)
GB (1) GB2065551B (en)

Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2561168A1 (en) * 1984-03-15 1985-09-20 Seibu Polymer Kasei Kk RETROREFLECTIVE CELLULAR SHEET
EP0227448A2 (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-07-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Encapsulated flattop retroreflective sheeting and method for producing the same
US4684217A (en) * 1985-07-18 1987-08-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Hydrofluoric acid-resistant composite window and method for its fabrication
US4922585A (en) * 1987-07-14 1990-05-08 Yoshida Kogyo K. K. Light-reflective slide fastener
WO1992019994A1 (en) * 1991-05-08 1992-11-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Retroreflective security laminates with dual level verification
WO1996024867A1 (en) * 1995-02-09 1996-08-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Retroreflective signage articles, kits for producing same, and methods of making signage articles
US5624731A (en) * 1995-03-10 1997-04-29 Desjardins; Alexander Multi-color, multi-image retroflective goniochromatic display
US6024455A (en) * 1998-01-13 2000-02-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Reflective article with concealed retroreflective pattern
WO2000052502A1 (en) * 1999-03-03 2000-09-08 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Retroreflective sheet
US6157486A (en) * 1998-01-13 2000-12-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective dichroic reflector
US6376135B2 (en) 1999-05-11 2002-04-23 The Standard Register Company Image bonding treatment for retroreflective surfaces
US20030099495A1 (en) * 2001-11-05 2003-05-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of printing film and articles
US20030211299A1 (en) * 2001-09-27 2003-11-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Adhesion-enhancing surfaces for marking materials
US6899944B2 (en) * 2000-11-10 2005-05-31 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Retroreflective sheeting having printed layer
US20110033696A1 (en) * 2009-08-06 2011-02-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective stickers and forms
CN109425920A (en) * 2017-08-16 2019-03-05 3M创新有限公司 Reflective membrane
WO2020261119A1 (en) * 2019-06-28 2020-12-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective film and method for making retroreflective film
WO2023039743A1 (en) * 2021-09-15 2023-03-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting for digital cutting

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US3190178A (en) * 1961-06-29 1965-06-22 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Reflex-reflecting sheeting
GB1202330A (en) * 1968-07-04 1970-08-12 Canrad Prec Ind Inc Retro-reflector and method of making the same
US3712706A (en) * 1971-01-04 1973-01-23 American Cyanamid Co Retroreflective surface
US3801183A (en) * 1973-06-01 1974-04-02 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Retro-reflective film
US3877786A (en) * 1973-06-28 1975-04-15 Yankee Artists Multicolored reflective article and its manufacture
US3994086A (en) * 1974-01-09 1976-11-30 Seibu Polymer Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Reflex light reflector
DE2632667A1 (en) * 1976-07-16 1978-01-19 Josef Tisch Car number plate with background coloured in stripes - and fixed on by thief-proof rivets
US4085314A (en) * 1976-02-09 1978-04-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Encodable retroreflective sheeting

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3190178A (en) * 1961-06-29 1965-06-22 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Reflex-reflecting sheeting
GB1202330A (en) * 1968-07-04 1970-08-12 Canrad Prec Ind Inc Retro-reflector and method of making the same
US3712706A (en) * 1971-01-04 1973-01-23 American Cyanamid Co Retroreflective surface
US3801183A (en) * 1973-06-01 1974-04-02 Minnesota Mining & Mfg Retro-reflective film
US3877786A (en) * 1973-06-28 1975-04-15 Yankee Artists Multicolored reflective article and its manufacture
US3994086A (en) * 1974-01-09 1976-11-30 Seibu Polymer Kasei Kabushiki Kaisha Reflex light reflector
US4085314A (en) * 1976-02-09 1978-04-18 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Encodable retroreflective sheeting
DE2632667A1 (en) * 1976-07-16 1978-01-19 Josef Tisch Car number plate with background coloured in stripes - and fixed on by thief-proof rivets

Cited By (28)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2561168A1 (en) * 1984-03-15 1985-09-20 Seibu Polymer Kasei Kk RETROREFLECTIVE CELLULAR SHEET
US4684217A (en) * 1985-07-18 1987-08-04 The United States Of America As Represented By The United States Department Of Energy Hydrofluoric acid-resistant composite window and method for its fabrication
EP0227448A2 (en) * 1985-12-23 1987-07-01 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Encapsulated flattop retroreflective sheeting and method for producing the same
EP0227448A3 (en) * 1985-12-23 1989-01-25 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Encapsulated flattop retroreflective sheeting and method for producing the same
US4922585A (en) * 1987-07-14 1990-05-08 Yoshida Kogyo K. K. Light-reflective slide fastener
US5169707A (en) * 1991-05-08 1992-12-08 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Retroreflective security laminates with dual level verification
AU658437B2 (en) * 1991-05-08 1995-04-13 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Retroreflective security laminates with dual level verification
WO1992019994A1 (en) * 1991-05-08 1992-11-12 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Retroreflective security laminates with dual level verification
WO1996024867A1 (en) * 1995-02-09 1996-08-15 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Retroreflective signage articles, kits for producing same, and methods of making signage articles
US5706133A (en) * 1995-02-09 1998-01-06 Minnesota Mining And Manufacturing Company Retroreflective signage articles, kits for producing same, and methods of making signage articles
US5624731A (en) * 1995-03-10 1997-04-29 Desjardins; Alexander Multi-color, multi-image retroflective goniochromatic display
US6157486A (en) * 1998-01-13 2000-12-05 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective dichroic reflector
US6024455A (en) * 1998-01-13 2000-02-15 3M Innovative Properties Company Reflective article with concealed retroreflective pattern
EP1158315A1 (en) * 1999-03-03 2001-11-28 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Retroreflective sheet
WO2000052502A1 (en) * 1999-03-03 2000-09-08 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Retroreflective sheet
US6520651B1 (en) 1999-03-03 2003-02-18 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Retroreflective sheet
EP1158315A4 (en) * 1999-03-03 2003-06-04 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kk Retroreflective sheet
US6376135B2 (en) 1999-05-11 2002-04-23 The Standard Register Company Image bonding treatment for retroreflective surfaces
US6416911B1 (en) 1999-05-11 2002-07-09 The Standard Register Company Image bonding treatment of retroreflective surfaces
US6899944B2 (en) * 2000-11-10 2005-05-31 Nippon Carbide Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Retroreflective sheeting having printed layer
US20030211299A1 (en) * 2001-09-27 2003-11-13 3M Innovative Properties Company Adhesion-enhancing surfaces for marking materials
US6712532B2 (en) 2001-11-05 2004-03-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of printing film and articles
US20030099495A1 (en) * 2001-11-05 2003-05-29 3M Innovative Properties Company Method of printing film and articles
US20110033696A1 (en) * 2009-08-06 2011-02-10 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective stickers and forms
CN109425920A (en) * 2017-08-16 2019-03-05 3M创新有限公司 Reflective membrane
CN109425920B (en) * 2017-08-16 2022-04-29 3M创新有限公司 Reflective film
WO2020261119A1 (en) * 2019-06-28 2020-12-30 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective film and method for making retroreflective film
WO2023039743A1 (en) * 2021-09-15 2023-03-23 3M Innovative Properties Company Retroreflective sheeting for digital cutting

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2470680A1 (en) 1981-06-12
DE3045012A1 (en) 1981-08-27
GB2065551B (en) 1984-01-04
FR2470680B1 (en) 1984-11-16
GB2065551A (en) 1981-07-01

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