US4350021A - Device for preventing icing in an air conditioning unit for motor vehicles - Google Patents

Device for preventing icing in an air conditioning unit for motor vehicles Download PDF

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Publication number
US4350021A
US4350021A US06/204,080 US20408080A US4350021A US 4350021 A US4350021 A US 4350021A US 20408080 A US20408080 A US 20408080A US 4350021 A US4350021 A US 4350021A
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air
evaporator
sensor
thermostat
speed
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US06/204,080
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Gustaf B. Lundstrom
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Volvo AB
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Volvo AB
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H1/00—Heating, cooling or ventilating [HVAC] devices
    • B60H1/32—Cooling devices
    • B60H1/3204—Cooling devices using compression
    • B60H1/3205—Control means therefor
    • B60H1/3207—Control means therefor for minimizing the humidity of the air
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60H—ARRANGEMENTS OF HEATING, COOLING, VENTILATING OR OTHER AIR-TREATING DEVICES SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR PASSENGER OR GOODS SPACES OF VEHICLES
    • B60H3/00—Other air-treating devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25D—REFRIGERATORS; COLD ROOMS; ICE-BOXES; COOLING OR FREEZING APPARATUS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • F25D21/00—Defrosting; Preventing frosting; Removing condensed or defrost water
    • F25D21/04—Preventing the formation of frost or condensate

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for preventing icing in a thermostat-controlled evaporator in an air conditioning unit for motor vehicles.
  • the temperature in the evaporator must not be allowed to fall below a certain, predetermined level. This level varies, however, depending on the speed and humidity of the air flowing through the evaporator. High speed permits a lower temperature flow while high humidity displaces the permissible temperature upwards.
  • the temperature of the evaporator is usually kept at a constant lowest level with the aid of an evaporator thermostat with a permanently set command valve or a permanently set suction pressure valve.
  • the air conditioning unit must then be dimensioned on the basis of the worst conditions under which the unit is to operate; that being low air speed and high humidity.
  • the purpose of the present invention is to achieve a device which removes the above-mentioned disadvantages by automatically varying the evaporator temperature, so that the cooling capacity of the air conditioning unit can receive maximum use.
  • a device which in its simplest embodiment has a sensor for directly or indirectly sensing the speed of the air flowing through the evaporator, and a control means which is coordinated with the sensor and the thermostat to receive information on the air speed and send a control order dependent thereon to the thermostat to reduce the lower limit for the permissible evaporator temperature with increasing air speed, and vice versa.
  • the device is provided with a second sensor which is arranged to send the control means information on the humidity of the air stream through the evaporator, said control means being adapted to send a control order, dependent on both the air speed and the humidity, to the thermostat, so that the lowest limit for permissible evaporator temperature is lowered with increasing speed and/or dropping humidity, and vice versa.
  • the cooling capacity can be increased by up to 40% over units having a thermostat which is permanently set for the worst conditions, i.e. low air speed and high humidity.
  • FIGURE shows a simplified block diagram of a climate control unit with components for both cooling and heating of the air.
  • 1 designates an air duct, the left-hand end of which opens into the vehicle.
  • the right-hand end of the duct separates into two branches 2 and 3, one branch 2 being an inlet duct for fresh air and the other branch 3 being an inlet duct for recirculation of conditioned air.
  • duct 1 there is a fan 4, an evaporator 5 and a heating element 6.
  • a shunt duct 7 with a controllable damper 8 conducts air past the heating element 6.
  • the temperature of the air flowing into the vehicle is selected by cooled and heated air being mixed via a suitable setting of the damper 8.
  • the evaporator 5 is provided with a thermostat body 9 which senses the temperature of the coolant flowing through the evaporator.
  • a thermostat unit 10 cooperates with means 11 for regulating the evaporator temperature. These can comprise means for controlling the compressor drive shaft clutch or the suction pressure valve.
  • a control unit 12 which can comprise a microcomputer, is coupled between the thermostat body 9 and the thermostat unit 10.
  • An air speed sensor 13 and a humidity sensor 14 are arranged in the air duct 1 and are connected to the control unit 12.
  • Said control unit is programmed to compute, in response to the speed and humidity values obtained, the lowest temperature which can be permitted in the evaporator 5 without giving rise to icing, and to send control signals to the thermostat unit to set the computed lowest permissible temperature.
  • the air speed is regulated with a manually adjustable fan control 15 which is connected directly to the fan motor, the air speed being sensed directly by means of the sensor 13.
  • the air speed can be measured indirectly by measuring the fan motor power by means of a measuring device which can be integrated in the control unit 12.
  • the temperature of the air flowing into the vehicle is selected by means of a manually adjustable temperature control 16 which is connected to the control unit 12, whereby the control unit regulates a setting motor for the shunt damper 8.
  • the control unit 12 sends a signal to the setting motor to completely close the damper 8, as shown in the FIGURE, so that there is no mixing-in of heated air into the cooled air.
  • the control unit 12 can control a valve which regulates the supply of heated water to the heating element 6. This type of regulation, however, is slower and more difficult to accurately adjust.
  • the cooling unit always operates at maximum refrigerating capacity, with the temperature regulation being effected by mixing-in of a suitable amount of heated air.
  • the evaporator temperature is then always at the lowest temperature which the control unit has computed on the basis of the values for the air speed and humidity.
  • the thermostat unit 10 can be adjustable, so that the refrigerating effect of the unit can be reduced in relation to the maximum permissible refrigerating effect.
  • the control unit 12 determines, as above, the lowest permissible evaporator temperature, but permits setting of the thermostat unit 10 at a higher temperature.

Abstract

A device for preventing icing in a thermostat-controlled evaporator in an air conditioning unit for motor vehicles including a first sensor for sensing the speed of the air through the evaporator and preferably also a second sensor for sensing the humidity of the air. A control unit sets the thermostat to a lowest permissible evaporator temperature which is dependent on the speed and humidity of the air.

Description

The present invention relates to a device for preventing icing in a thermostat-controlled evaporator in an air conditioning unit for motor vehicles.
It is important in air conditioning units to prevent icing of the evaporator in order that the airflow through the cooling flanges of the evaporator is not impeded. Therefore, the temperature in the evaporator must not be allowed to fall below a certain, predetermined level. This level varies, however, depending on the speed and humidity of the air flowing through the evaporator. High speed permits a lower temperature flow while high humidity displaces the permissible temperature upwards. The temperature of the evaporator is usually kept at a constant lowest level with the aid of an evaporator thermostat with a permanently set command valve or a permanently set suction pressure valve. The air conditioning unit must then be dimensioned on the basis of the worst conditions under which the unit is to operate; that being low air speed and high humidity. This results in the permissible evaporator temperature being relatively high (about 0° C.) and in the unit having a relatively low cooling capacity when the climate is dry and the air speed is high, e.g. when used in a desert climate with the fan at full speed.
In the past few years attempts have been made to remove the above-mentioned disadvantage by providing the air conditioning unit with a thermostat which can be adjusted with the aid of a manual control on the instrument panel of the vehicle. It has proved very difficult, however, in practice to achieve the correct setting without using "trial and error", easily resulting in icing. Since a vehicle must be able to be used by several different people, it is not a practical solution to install a control which requires lengthy experience in order to be properly used.
The purpose of the present invention is to achieve a device which removes the above-mentioned disadvantages by automatically varying the evaporator temperature, so that the cooling capacity of the air conditioning unit can receive maximum use.
This is achieved according to the invention by means of a device which in its simplest embodiment has a sensor for directly or indirectly sensing the speed of the air flowing through the evaporator, and a control means which is coordinated with the sensor and the thermostat to receive information on the air speed and send a control order dependent thereon to the thermostat to reduce the lower limit for the permissible evaporator temperature with increasing air speed, and vice versa.
In a further developed embodiment, the device is provided with a second sensor which is arranged to send the control means information on the humidity of the air stream through the evaporator, said control means being adapted to send a control order, dependent on both the air speed and the humidity, to the thermostat, so that the lowest limit for permissible evaporator temperature is lowered with increasing speed and/or dropping humidity, and vice versa.
With a device of this type, the cooling capacity can be increased by up to 40% over units having a thermostat which is permanently set for the worst conditions, i.e. low air speed and high humidity.
The invention will be described in more detail with reference to an embodiment shown in the accompanying drawing. The FIGURE shows a simplified block diagram of a climate control unit with components for both cooling and heating of the air.
In the FIGURE, 1 designates an air duct, the left-hand end of which opens into the vehicle. The right-hand end of the duct separates into two branches 2 and 3, one branch 2 being an inlet duct for fresh air and the other branch 3 being an inlet duct for recirculation of conditioned air. In duct 1 there is a fan 4, an evaporator 5 and a heating element 6. A shunt duct 7 with a controllable damper 8 conducts air past the heating element 6. The temperature of the air flowing into the vehicle is selected by cooled and heated air being mixed via a suitable setting of the damper 8.
The evaporator 5 is provided with a thermostat body 9 which senses the temperature of the coolant flowing through the evaporator.
A thermostat unit 10 cooperates with means 11 for regulating the evaporator temperature. These can comprise means for controlling the compressor drive shaft clutch or the suction pressure valve.
A control unit 12, which can comprise a microcomputer, is coupled between the thermostat body 9 and the thermostat unit 10. An air speed sensor 13 and a humidity sensor 14 are arranged in the air duct 1 and are connected to the control unit 12. Said control unit is programmed to compute, in response to the speed and humidity values obtained, the lowest temperature which can be permitted in the evaporator 5 without giving rise to icing, and to send control signals to the thermostat unit to set the computed lowest permissible temperature.
In the embodiment shown in the FIGURE, the air speed is regulated with a manually adjustable fan control 15 which is connected directly to the fan motor, the air speed being sensed directly by means of the sensor 13. In an alternative embodiment, which is not shown, the air speed can be measured indirectly by measuring the fan motor power by means of a measuring device which can be integrated in the control unit 12.
The temperature of the air flowing into the vehicle is selected by means of a manually adjustable temperature control 16 which is connected to the control unit 12, whereby the control unit regulates a setting motor for the shunt damper 8. When setting the control 16 for the lowest temperature, the control unit 12 sends a signal to the setting motor to completely close the damper 8, as shown in the FIGURE, so that there is no mixing-in of heated air into the cooled air. As an alternative to controlling of a shunt damper, the control unit 12 can control a valve which regulates the supply of heated water to the heating element 6. This type of regulation, however, is slower and more difficult to accurately adjust.
In the simplest case, the cooling unit always operates at maximum refrigerating capacity, with the temperature regulation being effected by mixing-in of a suitable amount of heated air. The evaporator temperature is then always at the lowest temperature which the control unit has computed on the basis of the values for the air speed and humidity.
In another embodiment within the scope of the invention, the thermostat unit 10 can be adjustable, so that the refrigerating effect of the unit can be reduced in relation to the maximum permissible refrigerating effect. The control unit 12 determines, as above, the lowest permissible evaporator temperature, but permits setting of the thermostat unit 10 at a higher temperature.

Claims (6)

What I claim is:
1. A device for preventing icing in a thermostat-controlled evaporator in an air conditioning unit for motor vehicles, comprising a first sensor for sensing the speed of the air flowing through the evaporator, and control means which cooperates with the sensor and the thermostat to receive information on the air speed and to send a control order dependent thereon to the thermostat to reduce the lower limit for permissible evaporator temperatur with increasing air speed, and vice versa.
2. A device according to claim 1, in which the first sensor is a sensor body placed in the air stream for direct sensing of the air speed.
3. A device according to claim 1, in which the first sensor is a measuring device for indirect sensing of the air speed by measuring the consumption of electricity by an electric motor, which drives a fan producing the air stream.
4. A device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, and a second sensor which is arranged to send to the control means information on the humidity of the air stream through the evaporator, the control means being disposed to send a control order dependent on both the air speed and humidity to the thermostat, so that the lower limit for permissible evaporator temperature is reduced with dropping humidity, and vice versa.
5. A device according to any one of claims 1-3, in which the control means comprises a microcomputer.
6. A device according to claim 4 in which the control means comprises a microcomputer.
US06/204,080 1979-11-12 1980-11-04 Device for preventing icing in an air conditioning unit for motor vehicles Expired - Lifetime US4350021A (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
SE7909329A SE418829B (en) 1979-11-12 1979-11-12 AIR CONDITIONING DEVICE FOR MOTOR VEHICLES
SE7909329 1979-11-12

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JP (1) JPS5682629A (en)
DE (1) DE3041787A1 (en)
FR (1) FR2469304B1 (en)
GB (1) GB2064083B (en)
IT (1) IT1127927B (en)
SE (1) SE418829B (en)

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US4856293A (en) * 1987-12-10 1989-08-15 Diesel Kiki Co., Ltd. Air-conditioning control system for automotive vehicles
US5704217A (en) * 1995-09-22 1998-01-06 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Air conditioner for vehicle, improved for frost deposition
US6185958B1 (en) 1999-11-02 2001-02-13 Xdx, Llc Vapor compression system and method
US6223543B1 (en) * 1999-06-17 2001-05-01 Heat-Timer Corporation Effective temperature controller and method of effective temperature control
US6314747B1 (en) 1999-01-12 2001-11-13 Xdx, Llc Vapor compression system and method
US6393851B1 (en) 2000-09-14 2002-05-28 Xdx, Llc Vapor compression system
US6401471B1 (en) 2000-09-14 2002-06-11 Xdx, Llc Expansion device for vapor compression system
US6581398B2 (en) 1999-01-12 2003-06-24 Xdx Inc. Vapor compression system and method
US6751970B2 (en) 1999-01-12 2004-06-22 Xdx, Inc. Vapor compression system and method
US6857281B2 (en) 2000-09-14 2005-02-22 Xdx, Llc Expansion device for vapor compression system
US6915648B2 (en) 2000-09-14 2005-07-12 Xdx Inc. Vapor compression systems, expansion devices, flow-regulating members, and vehicles, and methods for using vapor compression systems
US7225627B2 (en) 1999-11-02 2007-06-05 Xdx Technology, Llc Vapor compression system and method for controlling conditions in ambient surroundings
US20070251251A1 (en) * 2006-04-26 2007-11-01 Valeo Climate Control Corp. HVAC heat exchanger freeze control means
US20090071175A1 (en) * 2007-09-19 2009-03-19 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Refrigeration monitoring system and method
US7878006B2 (en) 2004-04-27 2011-02-01 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Compressor diagnostic and protection system and method
US20110041539A1 (en) * 2009-08-20 2011-02-24 Maersk Container Industri A/S Dehumidifier
US20110126560A1 (en) * 2008-05-15 2011-06-02 Xdx Innovative Refrigeration, Llc Surged Vapor Compression Heat Transfer Systems with Reduced Defrost Requirements
US20110302937A1 (en) * 2009-03-17 2011-12-15 Bujak Jr Walter E Demand defrost for heat pumps
US8160827B2 (en) 2007-11-02 2012-04-17 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Compressor sensor module
US8475136B2 (en) 2003-12-30 2013-07-02 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Compressor protection and diagnostic system
US8590325B2 (en) 2006-07-19 2013-11-26 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Protection and diagnostic module for a refrigeration system
CN103940162A (en) * 2013-01-21 2014-07-23 福特环球技术公司 Vehicle evaporator core icing prevention
US20140216705A1 (en) * 2013-02-05 2014-08-07 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Coolest a/c discharge temperature for all operating conditions
US8964338B2 (en) 2012-01-11 2015-02-24 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. System and method for compressor motor protection
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US20150082824A1 (en) * 2013-09-24 2015-03-26 Walter Stark Low temperature cooling and dehumidification device with reversing airflow defrost for applications where cooling coil inlet air is above freezing
US9140728B2 (en) 2007-11-02 2015-09-22 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Compressor sensor module
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US9310439B2 (en) 2012-09-25 2016-04-12 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Compressor having a control and diagnostic module
US9310094B2 (en) 2007-07-30 2016-04-12 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Portable method and apparatus for monitoring refrigerant-cycle systems
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US9551504B2 (en) 2013-03-15 2017-01-24 Emerson Electric Co. HVAC system remote monitoring and diagnosis
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US9765979B2 (en) 2013-04-05 2017-09-19 Emerson Climate Technologies, Inc. Heat-pump system with refrigerant charge diagnostics
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CN107379926A (en) * 2017-06-21 2017-11-24 浙江吉利汽车研究院有限公司 Control device and control method caused by a kind of pre- anti-vehicle musty
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US5704217A (en) * 1995-09-22 1998-01-06 Nippondenso Co., Ltd. Air conditioner for vehicle, improved for frost deposition
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FR2469304B1 (en) 1985-09-13
DE3041787A1 (en) 1981-05-21
JPS5682629A (en) 1981-07-06
FR2469304A1 (en) 1981-05-22
IT1127927B (en) 1986-05-28
SE7909329L (en) 1981-05-13
IT8050097A0 (en) 1980-11-06
GB2064083A (en) 1981-06-10
GB2064083B (en) 1983-06-29
SE418829B (en) 1981-06-29

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