US4479690A - Underwater splice for submarine coaxial cable - Google Patents
Underwater splice for submarine coaxial cable Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4479690A US4479690A US06/417,740 US41774082A US4479690A US 4479690 A US4479690 A US 4479690A US 41774082 A US41774082 A US 41774082A US 4479690 A US4479690 A US 4479690A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- coaxial cable
- female
- conductor
- dielectric
- pressure compensating
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 38
- 239000004359 castor oil Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 235000019438 castor oil Nutrition 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N glycerol triricinoleate Natural products CCCCCC[C@@H](O)CC=CCCCCCCCC(=O)OC[C@@H](COC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@@H](O)CCCCCC)OC(=O)CCCCCCCC=CC[C@H](O)CCCCCC ZEMPKEQAKRGZGQ-XOQCFJPHSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 20
- 239000013535 sea water Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 16
- 230000002265 prevention Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 claims description 66
- 230000001681 protective effect Effects 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000003780 insertion Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000037431 insertion Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011800 void material Substances 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 claims 4
- 238000010292 electrical insulation Methods 0.000 claims 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 abstract description 9
- 230000000712 assembly Effects 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000000429 assembly Methods 0.000 abstract description 7
- 238000001125 extrusion Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000007717 exclusion Effects 0.000 abstract 1
- 230000008878 coupling Effects 0.000 description 15
- 238000010168 coupling process Methods 0.000 description 15
- 238000005859 coupling reaction Methods 0.000 description 15
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 229920000915 polyvinyl chloride Polymers 0.000 description 7
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 6
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 6
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 5
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000003981 vehicle Substances 0.000 description 4
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N acrylic acid group Chemical group C(C=C)(=O)O NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 230000015556 catabolic process Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000013459 approach Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000593 degrading effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000000779 depleting effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000011065 in-situ storage Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002955 isolation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012986 modification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004048 modification Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012360 testing method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02G—INSTALLATION OF ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES, OR OF COMBINED OPTICAL AND ELECTRIC CABLES OR LINES
- H02G15/00—Cable fittings
- H02G15/08—Cable junctions
- H02G15/10—Cable junctions protected by boxes, e.g. by distribution, connection or junction boxes
- H02G15/12—Cable junctions protected by boxes, e.g. by distribution, connection or junction boxes for incorporating transformers, loading coils or amplifiers
- H02G15/14—Cable junctions protected by boxes, e.g. by distribution, connection or junction boxes for incorporating transformers, loading coils or amplifiers specially adapted for submarine cables
Definitions
- This invention relates to an underwater mateable coaxial splice and particularly to underwater splice connectors which mate and connect underwater directly with the ends of coaxial cable.
- the purpose of the present invention is to provide a means for splicing a submarine coaxial cable underwater on the seafloor with a simple push-on operation; the splice being operable to restore and maintain electrical and mechanical integrity in the presence of high voltage (e.g., 6,000 VDC) and under conditions requiring high quality impedance match, long life, and depth-independent operation.
- high voltage e.g., 6,000 VDC
- a complete self-contained splice comprises a double-ended unit formed from two identical coupling assemblies connected back-to-back.
- Each of the coupling assemblies comprise a dielectric pressure compensating fluid (e.g., castor oil) filled guide cavity with a gelled castor oil cap and is provided with wiping seals, coaxial shield coupling, pressure compensation for extrusion of the dielectric seal fluid during coupling, and a cable strength restoration means where required.
- Coupling is made underwater by directly inserting prepared ends of the coaxial cable, at the break, into respective coupling assemblies in a simple push-on operation.
- the ideal method of performing a splice on submarine coaxial cables is a "self-contained" splice.
- Self-contained means that the center steel-strength member/inner conductor, the polyethylene dielectric, the outer (shield) conductor, and the outer jacket are all incorporated into one single prefabricated splice mechanism. All that is required to make the splice is to prepare the cable end and insert the cable into the splice. Once the cable is inserted, the splice restores the electrical and mechanical characteristics of the cable. This approach is desirable, and is possible with the present invention.
- FIG. 1 shows a coaxial cable about to be inserted into a splice unit.
- FIG. 2 shows the end of a coaxial cable prepared for splice.
- FIG. 3 is a longitudinal cross-sectional drawing of a splice coupling assembly.
- FIG. 4 is a drawing as in FIG. 3 with the coaxial cable inserted and coupled with the splice unit.
- FIG. 5 is an illustration of a double ended splice unit, two coupling assemblies connected back-to-back.
- FIG. 6 shows a pair of coupling assemblies connected to a precut section of repair cable to form a longer splice unit.
- FIGS. 7a and 7b illustrate a suitable cable strength restoration mechanism that can be used with a coupling assembly.
- FIG. 1 shows the end of a coaxial cable 10 prepared for splice and ready to be inserted into one end of a self-contained splice unit 12.
- the coaxial cable 10 is prepared as shown in FIG. 2 to be accepted by the splice.
- the preparation process consists of removing a portion of the outer jacket, a portion of the outer (shield) conductor, and a portion of the dielectric; then the dielectric is fashioned in a lathe instrument to create the stepped shape; this can be done underwater.
- 1 and 2 consists of a center conductor/strength member 15 covered with a dielectric 16 (e.g., polyethylene) stepped at 17 for interface purposes, outer (shield) conductor 18 (e.g., copper), and an outer dielectric jacket 19 (e.g., polyethylene).
- a dielectric 16 e.g., polyethylene
- outer (shield) conductor 18 e.g., copper
- an outer dielectric jacket 19 e.g., polyethylene
- FIGS. 3 and 4 show a coupling assembly 12, which comprises one-half of a complete splice unit.
- a complete splice unit requires two of the coupling devices shown, joined back-to-back, as in FIGS. 5 and 6, for example.
- FIG. 5 shows a double ended splice unit
- FIG. 6 shows a repair section of cable having a coupling assembly 12 at each end ready for use. In either case the underwater cable that is inserted into the coupling assembly does not require a special mateable coupler.
- Each coupling assembly 12 consists of a central metal housing 20 containing a cable strength restoration mechanism 21, to be described later.
- This central housing 20 includes two O-ring seals 22 which form an hermetic seal about a center conductor 15, a contact band 23 which provides reliable electrical contact with the center conductor and for completing the electrical path of center conductor 15, and a check valve 24 to allow dielectric fluid to pour through during coaxial cable insertion.
- the preferred embodiment uses a Multilam® type contact band as described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,453,587, for contact band 23.
- a typical center conductor/strength member 15 consists of a stranded steel cable covered with a copper sheath.
- O-ring seals 22 and check valve 24 prevent the pressure compensating fluid (e.g., castor oil) from backing up under pressure and hosing up the cable along the spaces around the stranded steel cable in the center conductor 15 which, if allowed to do so, could result in depleting the splice of pressure compensating fluid.
- the contact band 23 electrical contact prevents the degrading of electrical contact during cable movement in an oil bath.
- the contact band 23 is effectively a spring-loaded contact which allows for movement while maintaining good contact with the coaxial cable inner conductor 15.
- Central housing 20 is tapered and fashioned to provide a smooth contour to prevent high voltage corona noise and for impedance matching.
- Central housing 20 is encased in a dielectric 25 of cast acrylic, for example, fashioned for impedance matching to the coaxial cable.
- Channel(s) 28 allow the pressure compensating fluid to move out from central housing 20 during cable insertion while check valve 24 prevents a reverse flow of the fluid back into the central housing.
- Interface area 31 is fashioned to provide a long breakdown path for high voltage and also a smooth transition of the electrical signals from the coaxial cable through the splice; it also provides a tapered path to guide the coaxial cable center conductor 15 into the strength restoration mechanism 21 in central housing 20.
- An aluminum metal housing 37 covers the cast acrylic dielectric 25 to complete the electrical path of the coaxial cable outer (shield) conductor 18.
- a plurality of grooved or slotted sheets of polyvinylchloride (PVC) 38 cover the aluminum metal housing 37.
- the grooves or slots in the PVC sheets 38 run parallel to the longitudinal axis of the assembly and allow for movement of pressure compensating fluid from channel(s) 28 to space 39 between aluminum housing 37 and metal (e.g., steel) wall section 40.
- PVC sheets 38 isolate the splice from the seawater ground, and space 39 isolates wall section 40 from aluminum housing 37.
- an aluminum tubular section 41 which holds a second pair of O-ring seals 42 to hermetically seal against dielectric 16 of the coaxial cable.
- the O-ring seals 42 can be semi-conductive if impedance matching is critical.
- Tubular section 41 also supports an electrical contact band 43 which makes reliable contact to the outer (shield) conductor 18 of the coaxial cable.
- a Multilam® type contact band also is used in the preferred embodiment for electrical contact band 43.
- the double O-ring seals 42 prevent seawater from reaching the interface area 31 and prevent pressure compensating fluid from leaking out from the splice.
- PVC section 44 Attached to tubular section 41 is a PVC cylindrical section 44 which includes two O-ring seals 45 for hermetically sealing against the outer jacket 19 of the coaxial cable.
- PVC section 44 also provides electrical isolation of the splice from seawater ground and an attachment flange 48 for one side of pressure compensating fluid bladder (reservoir) 50.
- the other side of bladder 50 is attached to flange 52 on wall section 40 which is positioned away from aluminum housing 37 to provide space 39 that leads to the pressure compensating fluid reservoir 55 between tubular section 41 and bladder 50.
- bladder 50 Prior to insertion of coaxial cable end, bladder 50 is in a collapsed state, as shown in FIG. 3.
- the bladder 50 serves to form a wall of the reservoir 55 for the pressure compensating fluid.
- a plurality of passageways 58 in tubular section 41 allows for free movement of pressure compensating fluid into and out of the interface area 31.
- the reservoir provides a place for the pressure compensating fluid to flow and prevents an hydraulic lock once the O-ring seals engage the cable.
- a protective pod 60 of steel for example, fits over sections 41, 44 and bladder 50 and attaches to wall section 40.
- a protective cylindrical wall 62 of metal for example, fits about wall section 40 and PVC sheets 38.
- a central flanged passageway 64 at the end of pod 60 has a conical cap section 65 of PVC, for example, which attaches to flanged passageway 64.
- Conical cap section 65 includes a passageway 66 having a first perforated wiping seal 67 at one end and a second perforated wiping seal 68 at the opposite end.
- the space between the wiping seals 67 and 68 is filled with a gelled castor oil 69, for example, and the wiping seals and gelled castor oil serve to remove seawater during insertion of the coaxial cable.
- a clamp section 70 which includes clamping portions 71 used to grip the outer jacket 19 of the coaxial cable; beyond clamp section 70 is a strain relief section 72 for the coaxial cable, made from PVC, for example. Passageways 73 are provided in clamp section 70 adjacent wiping seal 67 to allow the escape of seawater and gelled castor oil during insertion of the coaxial cable 10. If desired, a wiping seal can be included on the outer end 74 of strain relief section 72.
- Clamping portions 71 of clamp section 70 can be tightened together by bolts 75, for example, causing the raised edges of grooves 76, shown in FIG. 3, to press into the polyethylene outer jacket 19, as shown in FIG. 4, to securely grip the jacket and prevent any slipping from the splice unit.
- Openings 80 in protective pod 60 allow seawater to contact bladder 50 for pressure compensation without allowing seawater into the pressure compensating fluid.
- Castor oil is a preferable fluid to use as pressure compensating fluid, and the castor oil also serves as a dielectric to fill all voids to prevent high voltage breakdown and corona noise.
- a castor oil gel is used in the end cap at 69 to prevent the castor oil pressure compensating fluid from leaking out of the splice prior to and during coaxial cable insertion.
- the ends of the coaxial cable to be restored are prepared as shown in FIG. 1 to be acceptable to the splice section.
- the preparation process consists of removing a portion of the outer jacket 19, removing a portion of the (shield) 18, and removing a portion of the dielectric, as shown in FIG. 1.
- the dielectric 16 is fashioned with a lathe instrument to create the stepped interface shape.
- the prepared end of the coaxial cable is stepped, as in FIG. 1, such that conductor 15, dielectric 16/17, shield 18, and jacket 19 will mate with strength restoration device 21/contact band 23, interface 31, contact band 43, and cap 65, respectively.
- the cable is inserted into the splice.
- the center-copper-cladded steel strength member 15 goes through the wiping seal 67 and the gelled castor oil cap 69.
- the wiping seals are designed to fit snugly over the center copper conductor and will stretch over the entire cable. They tear once over the center conductor.
- the gelled castor oil cap begins to flow out of the splice since it is being displaced by the cable.
- liquid castor oil in the inner area begins to flow out of the splice along with the gelled castor oil and prevents seawater from entering. It also helps the wiping seals to remove seawater out of the splice.
- the leading edge of the cable enters the interface area 31 where the tapered interface guides the cable into the center metal housing 20.
- the leading edge engages the Multilam® band 23 and the O-ring seals 22.
- the castor oil in the housing 20 begins to flow through the check valve 24 and into the oil reservoir 55 via the oil channels 28, 38, and 39.
- the cable passes into the strength restoration mechanism at this point.
- the very small amount of oil trapped between the outer jacket seal 45 and dielectric seal 16 is forced to hose up the cable between the outer jacket and copper outer (shield) conductor 18 of the cable and provides positive pressure to the area between the seals. This oil will also force residual seawater, if any, up the cable and out of the electrical contact band 43 area.
- the electrical contact band 43 engages the copper outer conductor 18 to complete the electrical path.
- the splice is designed so that about one inch of movement can be accommodated before the seals disengage from the cable.
- the splice should appear nonexistent from an electrical and mechanical standpoint. Electrical contact bands 23 and 43 provide reliable electrical contact.
- the purpose of the cable mechanical strength restoration mechanism 21 is to restore a high percentage of the cable breaking strength.
- the cable strength restoration mechanism can be any suitable means for securely holding or gripping the center conductor/strength member 15, such as a clamping chuck or similar device.
- a typical quick connect prior art device, a spring-loaded chuck gripper mechanism, is illustrated in FIGS. 7a and 7b. In FIG. 7a, center conductor/strength member 15 is being inserted between two halves 81 and 82 of a long metal chuck in a long shallow tapered metal sleeve 83.
- the spring 84 tends to force the chuck toward the tapered end of the sleeve 83 bringing together the two halves 81 and 82 of the chuck.
- the chuck is forced rearward against the spring until the chuck halves separate sufficiently to allow the conductor to be pushed all the way into sleeve 83.
- Spring 84 continues to pressure the chuck halves toward the narrow end of the sleeve engaging the conductor within the chuck gripping area, as shown in FIG. 7b, such that if the conductor 15 starts to back-out from the sleeve it will be gripped tighter by the chuck 81 and 82.
- a means for splicing the cable in-place on the seafloor is provided by the present invention which eliminates the problems associated with conventional repair methods that require bringing the cable to the surface. No excessive added lengths of cable are required; adjacent components can remain undisturbed; and the buried cables need only the original damaged section exposed to perform the repair.
- a typical in-situ repair scenario is as follows: An underwater splicing vehicle from a surface ship locates the damaged cable and cuts the cable. A test probe is placed on one cable end, and a Time Domain Reflectometer (TDR) is used to determine which portion of cable the fault is in and determines the approximate location of the damage. The cable is marked with a navigation reference (such as a transponder) and a low frequency tone generator is attached to the section in which the TDR detected a fault. The splicing vehicle then maneuvers along the cable, tracking it with TV, magnetometers, and the impressed line signal until the fault is located.
- TDR Time Domain Reflectometer
- the damaged section can be removed and the good cable tested with the TDR to ensure that there is no additional damage.
- the splice is attached to the good end and then the splicing vehicle can maneuver to the other leg of the damaged cable and go through the same procedure. If the damaged section is extensive, then a splice with a repair section is required, rather than a double-ended splice.
- a strength restoration device is not required if the coaxial cable is armoured since the strength then would be in the armour which would be terminated on the exterior of the splice.
Abstract
Description
Claims (15)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US06/417,740 US4479690A (en) | 1982-09-13 | 1982-09-13 | Underwater splice for submarine coaxial cable |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/417,740 US4479690A (en) | 1982-09-13 | 1982-09-13 | Underwater splice for submarine coaxial cable |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US4479690A true US4479690A (en) | 1984-10-30 |
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Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US06/417,740 Expired - Fee Related US4479690A (en) | 1982-09-13 | 1982-09-13 | Underwater splice for submarine coaxial cable |
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Cited By (39)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4673231A (en) * | 1986-02-04 | 1987-06-16 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Underwater electric cable tension termination |
US4693540A (en) * | 1983-03-31 | 1987-09-15 | Bicc Public Limited Company | Pressure regulating devices |
US4795359A (en) * | 1986-06-23 | 1989-01-03 | Tronic Electronic Services Limited | Electrical connector |
US4909751A (en) * | 1988-09-20 | 1990-03-20 | The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy | Underwater mateable electrical connector |
US5645442A (en) * | 1995-01-19 | 1997-07-08 | Ocean Design, Inc. | Sealed, Fluid-filled electrical connector |
US6353695B1 (en) * | 1997-04-03 | 2002-03-05 | Global Marine Systems Limited | Method and apparatus for joining underwater cable |
EP1381117A2 (en) * | 2002-07-11 | 2004-01-14 | Nexans | Subsea connector |
WO2004044949A2 (en) * | 2002-11-08 | 2004-05-27 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Probe station with low noise characteristics |
US20050191910A1 (en) * | 2004-03-01 | 2005-09-01 | Novinium, Inc. | High-pressure power cable connector |
US7138813B2 (en) | 1999-06-30 | 2006-11-21 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Probe station thermal chuck with shielding for capacitive current |
US7164279B2 (en) | 1995-04-14 | 2007-01-16 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | System for evaluating probing networks |
US7176705B2 (en) | 2004-06-07 | 2007-02-13 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Thermal optical chuck |
US7187188B2 (en) | 2003-12-24 | 2007-03-06 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Chuck with integrated wafer support |
US7190181B2 (en) | 1997-06-06 | 2007-03-13 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Probe station having multiple enclosures |
US7206256B1 (en) * | 2005-02-16 | 2007-04-17 | Texas Research International, Inc. | Pressure compensated composite polymer outboard sensor assembly |
US7221146B2 (en) | 2002-12-13 | 2007-05-22 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Guarded tub enclosure |
US7221172B2 (en) | 2003-05-06 | 2007-05-22 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Switched suspended conductor and connection |
US7250779B2 (en) | 2002-11-25 | 2007-07-31 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Probe station with low inductance path |
US7250626B2 (en) | 2003-10-22 | 2007-07-31 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Probe testing structure |
US7268533B2 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2007-09-11 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Optical testing device |
US7330041B2 (en) | 2004-06-14 | 2008-02-12 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Localizing a temperature of a device for testing |
US7330023B2 (en) | 1992-06-11 | 2008-02-12 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Wafer probe station having a skirting component |
US7348787B2 (en) | 1992-06-11 | 2008-03-25 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Wafer probe station having environment control enclosure |
US7352168B2 (en) | 2000-09-05 | 2008-04-01 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Chuck for holding a device under test |
US7368925B2 (en) | 2002-01-25 | 2008-05-06 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Probe station with two platens |
US7492172B2 (en) | 2003-05-23 | 2009-02-17 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Chuck for holding a device under test |
US7538274B2 (en) | 2006-01-23 | 2009-05-26 | Novinium, Inc. | Swagable high-pressure cable connectors having improved sealing means |
US7554322B2 (en) | 2000-09-05 | 2009-06-30 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Probe station |
US20090286413A1 (en) * | 2008-05-13 | 2009-11-19 | Bennex As | Seismic Cable Connection Device |
US7656172B2 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2010-02-02 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | System for testing semiconductors |
US7898281B2 (en) | 2005-01-31 | 2011-03-01 | Cascade Mircotech, Inc. | Interface for testing semiconductors |
US20110312211A1 (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2011-12-22 | John Mezzalingua Associates, Inc. | Strain relief accessory for coaxial cable connector |
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US8319503B2 (en) | 2008-11-24 | 2012-11-27 | Cascade Microtech, Inc. | Test apparatus for measuring a characteristic of a device under test |
US20130267109A1 (en) * | 2010-06-22 | 2013-10-10 | John Mezzalingua Associates, Inc. | Coaxial Cable Connector with Strain Relief Clamp |
US8841919B1 (en) | 2011-09-15 | 2014-09-23 | Northrop Grumman Systems Corporation | Under water connector with sealed access port |
WO2018217081A1 (en) | 2017-05-22 | 2018-11-29 | Baggermaatschappij Boskalis B.V. | System and method for open water cable laying and repair |
US10424867B2 (en) * | 2016-02-02 | 2019-09-24 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Subsea termination gland, connector front end and connector assembly |
US20210364548A1 (en) * | 2020-05-20 | 2021-11-25 | Prysmian S.P.A. | Apparatus and method for testing a submarine high voltage cable system |
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- 1982-09-13 US US06/417,740 patent/US4479690A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
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US4362352A (en) * | 1980-05-08 | 1982-12-07 | Aluminum Company Of America | Splicing device |
US4373767A (en) * | 1980-09-22 | 1983-02-15 | Cairns James L | Underwater coaxial connector |
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