US4592372A - Pacing/sensing electrode sleeve and method of forming same - Google Patents
Pacing/sensing electrode sleeve and method of forming same Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4592372A US4592372A US06/612,855 US61285584A US4592372A US 4592372 A US4592372 A US 4592372A US 61285584 A US61285584 A US 61285584A US 4592372 A US4592372 A US 4592372A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- catheter
- conductor
- sleeve
- rhenium
- end portion
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- A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
- A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
- A61N—ELECTROTHERAPY; MAGNETOTHERAPY; RADIATION THERAPY; ULTRASOUND THERAPY
- A61N1/00—Electrotherapy; Circuits therefor
- A61N1/02—Details
- A61N1/04—Electrodes
- A61N1/05—Electrodes for implantation or insertion into the body, e.g. heart electrode
- A61N1/056—Transvascular endocardial electrode systems
Definitions
- the present invention relates to multi-electrode pacing/sensing leads. More specifically, the invention relates to a new material utilized in electrode sleeves in an isodiametric multi-electrode pacing/sensing lead.
- Electrodes have included stainless steel, elgiloy, platinum/irridium, tantalum or MP35N. All of these materials have exhibited properties required of such electrode sleeve material, such properties being ductility, radio-opacity and a desired degree of impedance to signal transmission to and from organic tissue.
- proximal and distal electrode assemblies on a catheter each comprise a plurality of spaced apart conductive metal rings.
- the rings are made of solid platinum irridium and are fitted snugly about a molded silicone rubber casing, with a spacing between the rings being provided to allow for flexibility of the electrode.
- the Harmjanz U.S. Pat. No. 3,664,347 discloses an electric heart stimulation device wherein a filament or tubing of polyurethane is received over a plastic core. Between the filament and the core are two flexible wire conductors with portions of the filament cut away to expose the conductors at the desired locations. Sleeve electrodes can be slid over the tubing to contact the exposed conductors.
- the Crites U.S. Pat. No. 3,568,660 discloses a pacemaker catheter which comprises a thin first layer of rubber over the exterior surface of a length of flexible tubing, and at least two electrical conductors helically wound over the surface of the tubing and embedded within the layer of rubber. An end portion of each conductor is then extracted from the rubber and wound around the tubing. Metal contact sleeves are then placed over the wound end portions to form spaced electrodes.
- the Blake et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,995,623 discloses a catheter which is flow directed through the heart by a balloon on its distal end.
- the catheter preferably comprises two distal and three proximal electrodes, all of which are identical.
- Each electrode comprises a split collar of spring metal with the ends slidably overlapping.
- Each collar has an inner diameter slightly smaller than the outer diameter of the catheter over which they are positioned. Once the collars are relaxed, they grip the surface of the tube. The tube is softened by heating, allowing each collar to further contract into the body of the catheter to lock each electrode in a fixed position on the catheter.
- Each electrode is further sealed to the tube by annular deposits of adhesive.
- the Muench U.S. Pat. No. 3,769,984 discloses a bipolar transverse pacing catheter with conductors therein formed of stranded tantalum which conductors are connected to respective electrodes by means of crimp rings.
- the crimp rings are also preferably formed of tantalum.
- the Berkovits U.S. Pat. No. 3,825,015 discloses a single catheter that provides for separate electrical stimulation to the atrium or ventricle of a heart on mutually related conductors.
- the conductors within the catheter are welded to respective conductive rings, the rings being made from a platinum compound.
- the conductors themselves may be ordinary conductive copper wire or coiled wire. Means are provided for preventing electromagnetic interference between the atrial and ventricular stimulating conductors.
- the O'Neill U.S. Pat. No. 4,280,511 discloses a multi-electrode lead assembly wherein an isodiametric multi-electrode assembly is formed by provision of a ring electrode of undisclosed material swaged into the lead insulation and wherein a soft metal such as silver is utilized between the ring electrode and a coiled wire core to provide electrical contact therebetween.
- a hole for the silver slug or ball is provided in a catheter wall.
- an isodiametric continuous non-split sleeve electrode received about and over a bared end of a wire conductor which is looped and knotted about a tubing in a pacing lead electrode assembly is disclosed in copending application Ser. No. 377,461 for: CARDIAC LEAD HAVING MULTIPLE RING ELECTRODES.
- the electrode sleeve of the present invention is fabricated from a rhenium/tungsten alloy and is crimped or swaged around a catheter in the area of the catheter where a conductor is brought from within the catheter through the catheter wall and wrapped in a coil around the exterior of the catheter.
- the electrode sleeve is swaged or crimped to compress the sleeve against the catheter wall thereby providing a uniform external diameter to the lead assembly then formed.
- the rhenium/tungsten alloy material provides high ductility, radio-opacity and low impedance in signal transmission through living tissue.
- the Weiger U.S. Pat. No. 1,877,261 discloses electrical make-and-break contacts for closing and opening electrical circuits with the contacts being formed from rhenium or an alloy containing rhenium, such as an alloy of rhenium and tungsten.
- the Hensel U.S. Pat. No. 2,391,458 discloses metallic electrodes suitable for use in spark plugs, ignition systems, high frequency generators, high frequency induction furnaces, etc.
- the electrodes may be formed of various compositions, one of which is a rhenium plated rod having a core of tungsten, molybdenum or an alloy of tungsten and copper, or tungsten and silver.
- the Morgan U.S. Pat. No. 3,307,198 discloses an electrode material for use in electrostatic recording heads comprising an alloy of tungsten and rhenium.
- the Dickinson U.S. Pat. No. 3,359,082 and the Delgrosso U.S. Pat. No. 3,573,903 discloses various rhenium/tungsten alloys and methods for forming same.
- the Osovitz et al U.S. Pat. No. 3,508,975 discloses a rhenium/tungsten alloy thermocouple with compensating lead wires.
- the present invention differs from the various electrodes disclosed in the prior art patents listed above by providing a rhenium/tungsten electrode sleeve in an electrode assembly at the end of a pacing lead.
- a rhenium/tungsten electrode sleeve in an electrode assembly at the end of a pacing lead.
- Such an electrode sleeve has superior properties to ring electrodes presently in use in pacing lead electrode assemblies.
- a pacing/sensing lead comprising a catheter; first and second conductors in said catheter; a tip electrode fixed to the distal end of said catheter and in electrical contact with a distal end of said first conductor within said catheter; said catheter having an opening in the wall thereof; a bared end portion of said second conductor extending through said opening, out of said catheter, and around said catheter; a thin walled electrode sleeve made of a rhenium/tungsten alloy positioned about and in direct electrical contact with said bared end portion of said second conductor and compressed about said conductor end portion and said catheter to an extent where the outer diameter of said sleeve is substantially the same as the outer diameter of said catheter said alloy having as its major component at least 80% rhenium by weight.
- a method for making a pacing/sensing lead comprising the steps of: fixing a tip electride onto the distal end of a flexible catheter; connecting a distal end of a first wire conductor fed through the flexible catheter to said tip electrode; feeding a second wire conductor part way into the flexible catheter and through an opening in the wall of said catheter; baring the distal end portion of said second wire conductor; coiling the bared end of said second wire conductor about the catheter; positioning an electrode sleeve made of a rhenium/tungsten alloy over the coiled bared conductor end portion and catheter; and compressing said sleeve over the coiled bare wire conductor end portion such that the outer diameter of said sleeve is substantially the same as the outer diameter of said catheter, said alloy having as its major component at least 80% rhenium by weight.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a distal end of a pacing lead utilized in the formation of a multi-electrode lead assembly constructed according to the teachings of the present invention.
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the distal end shown in FIG. 1 and shows an electrical wire conductor being brought through an opening in a catheter wall and wound therearound and a sleeve being placed over the distal end.
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the distal end shown in FIG. 2 and shows the sleeve now crimped or swaged over the wound coiled wire conductor to form an electrode sleeve of the multi-electrode lead assembly of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a sectional view taken along line 4-4 of FIG. 3.
- FIG. 1 there is illustrated therein a distal end 10 of a pacing lead 11.
- An electrode assembly 12 (FIG. 3) is formed at the distal end 10.
- the electrode assembly 12 includes a tip electrode 13 extending from and fixed to the distal end 14 of a flexible catheter 15 of the lead 11.
- First and second wire conductors 16 and 18 are inserted, as shown, into the catheter 15 or the lead 11.
- the wire conductors 16 and 18 are fed into the catheter 15 with the conductor 18 being fed to the tip electrode 13. Meanwhile a bared end portion 19 of the conductor 16 is brought out of the catheter 15 through an opening 20 in the wall of the catheter 15. The bared end portion 19 of the conductor 16 is coiled or wound around the catheter 15 several times. Then, a thin walled electrode sleeve 22 constructed according to the teachings of the present invention is slid over the tip electrode 13 to a position directly over the coiled conductor end portion 19 as shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the electrode sleeve 22 is compressed, such as by swaging or crimping, over the conductor 16 to form a compression contact with the bared conductor end portion 19.
- the circumference of the sleeve 22 is compressed just far enough to form an isodiametric assembly 10, that is, an assembly 10 where the outer diameters of the catheter 15 and of the sleeve 22 are identical.
- the isodiametric configuration of the electrode assembly 12 is best illustrated in FIG. 4 where it will be seen that the sleeve 22 is compressed just far enough so that its outer diameter is the same as the outer diameter of the flexible catheter 15 immediately adjacent the sleeve 22 to form a smooth outer surface to the electrode assembly 12.
- the compression contact formed between the sleeve 22 and the coiled conductor 16 is simple to make and requires no extraneous material such as solder to complete the connection.
- the sleeve 22 is made of a rhenium/tungsten alloy. Empirical tests have shown this alloy to possess properties superior to the properties of the materials previously used in the formation of electrode rings or sleeves. In this respect, such tests have shown the following:
- one electrode sleeve alloy material the rhenium/tungsten alloy
- the percentage (by weight) of rhenium was between 80% and 99%.
- the tip electrode 13 also can be made of the rhenium/tungsten alloy.
Abstract
Description
______________________________________ U.S. Pat. No. PATENTEE ______________________________________ 3,942,536 Mirowski et al 3,664,347 Harmjanz 3,568,660 Crites 3,995,623 Blake et al 3,769,984 Muench 3,825,015 Berkovits 4,280,511 O'Neill ______________________________________
______________________________________ U.S. Pat. No. PATENTEE ______________________________________ 1,877,261 Weiger 2,391,458 Hensel 3,307,198 Morgan 3,359,082 Dickinson et al 3,508,975 Osovitz et al 3,573,903 Delgrosso ______________________________________
______________________________________ RADIO- STIMU- MATERIAL COST DUCTILITY OPACITY LATION ______________________________________ Rhenium/ high very good very good good Tungsten Tantalum high very poor good fair Platinum/ high fair good good Iridium 304 Stainless low fair poor fair ______________________________________
Claims (13)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US06/612,855 US4592372A (en) | 1984-05-22 | 1984-05-22 | Pacing/sensing electrode sleeve and method of forming same |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
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US06/612,855 US4592372A (en) | 1984-05-22 | 1984-05-22 | Pacing/sensing electrode sleeve and method of forming same |
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US4592372A true US4592372A (en) | 1986-06-03 |
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US06/612,855 Expired - Lifetime US4592372A (en) | 1984-05-22 | 1984-05-22 | Pacing/sensing electrode sleeve and method of forming same |
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Cited By (46)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4777955A (en) * | 1987-11-02 | 1988-10-18 | Cordis Corporation | Left ventricle mapping probe |
US4934049A (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1990-06-19 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method for fabrication of a medical electrode |
US4944088A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1990-07-31 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ring electrode for multiconductor pacing leads |
EP0428279A2 (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1991-05-22 | Telectronics N.V. | Braid electrode leads and catheters for using the same |
US5042143A (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1991-08-27 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method for fabrication of implantable electrode |
WO1994022366A1 (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1994-10-13 | Cardiac Pathways Corporation | Apparatus and method for ventricular mapping and ablation |
WO1994024931A1 (en) * | 1993-05-05 | 1994-11-10 | Arrow International Investment Corp. | Electrode-carrying catheter and method of making same |
WO1995022371A1 (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ring electrode construction and implantable leads using the same |
US5465717A (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1995-11-14 | Cardiac Pathways Corporation | Apparatus and Method for ventricular mapping and ablation |
US5855552A (en) * | 1994-09-21 | 1999-01-05 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Catheter having ring electrodes secured thereon |
US5876783A (en) * | 1995-06-20 | 1999-03-02 | The Microspring Company, Inc. | Radiopaque medical devices |
US5992418A (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 1999-11-30 | Irvine Biomedical , Inc. | Catheter system having safety means and methods thereof |
US6032061A (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 2000-02-29 | Boston Scientifc Corporation | Catheter carrying an electrode and methods of assembly |
US6156035A (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 2000-12-05 | Pioneer Laboratories, Inc. | Electrocautery method and apparatus |
US6185463B1 (en) | 1997-05-01 | 2001-02-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable short resistant lead |
WO2001023034A1 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2001-04-05 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | High impedance electrode assembly |
US6216045B1 (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2001-04-10 | Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. | Implantable lead and method of manufacture |
US6296633B1 (en) * | 1998-01-09 | 2001-10-02 | Schneider (Usa) Inc. | Medical device tubing assembly and method of making the same |
US6456888B1 (en) | 2000-08-18 | 2002-09-24 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Geometry for coupling and electrode to a conductor |
US6535762B1 (en) | 1999-02-24 | 2003-03-18 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Combination ICD and pacemaker system having integrated distal electrode |
US20030093136A1 (en) * | 2001-11-09 | 2003-05-15 | Osypka Thomas P. | Cardiac lead with steroid eluting ring |
US20040039434A1 (en) * | 1999-09-16 | 2004-02-26 | Schrom Mark G. | Neurostimulating lead |
US20040044277A1 (en) * | 2002-08-30 | 2004-03-04 | Fuimaono Kristine B. | Catheter and method for mapping Purkinje fibers |
US20040249430A1 (en) * | 2003-06-03 | 2004-12-09 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable medical electrical lead |
US20050004642A1 (en) * | 1998-11-09 | 2005-01-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable medical lead including overlay |
US20050097737A1 (en) * | 2003-11-12 | 2005-05-12 | Webster Wilton W.Jr. | Method for making a low ohmic pressure-contact electrical connection between the ring electrode under surface and the lead wire |
US6952616B2 (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2005-10-04 | Micronet Medical, Inc. | Medical lead and method for electrode attachment |
US7039470B1 (en) | 2000-09-26 | 2006-05-02 | Micronet Medical, Inc. | Medical lead and method for medical lead manufacture |
US20060111768A1 (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2006-05-25 | Micronet Medical, Inc. | Lead body and method of lead body construction |
US20070142890A1 (en) * | 2005-12-19 | 2007-06-21 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Interconnections of implantable lead conductors and electrodes and reinforcement therefor |
US20080057784A1 (en) * | 2006-08-31 | 2008-03-06 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Lead assembly including a polymer interconnect and methods related thereto |
US20080125638A1 (en) * | 2005-01-12 | 2008-05-29 | Christer Sinderby | Electrode for Physiological Signal Measurements and Method for Making Same |
US20080178449A1 (en) * | 2007-01-31 | 2008-07-31 | Huotari Craig T | Conductor junctions for medical electrical leads |
US20100036229A1 (en) * | 2006-12-13 | 2010-02-11 | Koninklijke Philips Electronics N. V. | Feeding tube |
US20100168827A1 (en) * | 2008-12-30 | 2010-07-01 | Schultz Jeffrey W | Deflectable sheath introducer |
EP2422839A1 (en) * | 2010-08-31 | 2012-02-29 | BIOTRONIK SE & Co. KG | Electrode catheter, in particular for cardiac therapy |
US20120302857A1 (en) * | 2010-01-25 | 2012-11-29 | Kyushu Institute Of Technology | Brain signal measurement system and measurement system |
US8442648B2 (en) | 2008-08-15 | 2013-05-14 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Implantable medical lead having reduced dimension tubing transition |
US20130150808A1 (en) * | 2010-08-13 | 2013-06-13 | Cathrx Ltd | Catheter sheath and a method of manufacturing |
US20140068934A1 (en) * | 2010-03-03 | 2014-03-13 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Crimp terminations for conductors in implantable medical lead and method of making same |
US8688235B1 (en) * | 2008-07-22 | 2014-04-01 | Boston Scientific Neuromodulation Corporation | Lead with transition and methods of manufacture and use |
JP2014176653A (en) * | 2013-03-13 | 2014-09-25 | Biosense Webster (Israel) Ltd | Method for making electrical connection of low ohmic pressure contact between split ring electrode and lead wire |
US9314299B2 (en) | 2012-03-21 | 2016-04-19 | Biosense Webster (Israel) Ltd. | Flower catheter for mapping and ablating veinous and other tubular locations |
US9456760B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2016-10-04 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Closed catheter tip including electrically conductive pathway |
US9700224B2 (en) | 2013-03-14 | 2017-07-11 | C. R. Bard, Inc. | Electrically conductive pathway in a closed-ended catheter |
US20210046287A1 (en) * | 2014-06-05 | 2021-02-18 | St. Jude Medical, Cardiology Division, Inc. | Medical device with a nested lap joint and a fused conductive element and method for fabricating the same |
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1984
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Cited By (98)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4777955A (en) * | 1987-11-02 | 1988-10-18 | Cordis Corporation | Left ventricle mapping probe |
US4944088A (en) * | 1988-05-25 | 1990-07-31 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ring electrode for multiconductor pacing leads |
US4934049A (en) * | 1989-07-07 | 1990-06-19 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method for fabrication of a medical electrode |
EP0428279A2 (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1991-05-22 | Telectronics N.V. | Braid electrode leads and catheters for using the same |
EP0428279A3 (en) * | 1989-11-13 | 1992-08-05 | Telectronics N.V. | Braid electrode leads and catheters and methods for using the same |
US5042143A (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1991-08-27 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method for fabrication of implantable electrode |
AU628771B2 (en) * | 1990-02-14 | 1992-09-17 | Medtronic, Inc. | Method for fabrication of implantable electrode |
US5465717A (en) * | 1991-02-15 | 1995-11-14 | Cardiac Pathways Corporation | Apparatus and Method for ventricular mapping and ablation |
WO1994022366A1 (en) * | 1993-04-07 | 1994-10-13 | Cardiac Pathways Corporation | Apparatus and method for ventricular mapping and ablation |
WO1994024931A1 (en) * | 1993-05-05 | 1994-11-10 | Arrow International Investment Corp. | Electrode-carrying catheter and method of making same |
US5458629A (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-10-17 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable lead ring electrode and method of making |
WO1995022371A1 (en) * | 1994-02-18 | 1995-08-24 | Medtronic, Inc. | Ring electrode construction and implantable leads using the same |
US5855552A (en) * | 1994-09-21 | 1999-01-05 | Ep Technologies, Inc. | Catheter having ring electrodes secured thereon |
US5876783A (en) * | 1995-06-20 | 1999-03-02 | The Microspring Company, Inc. | Radiopaque medical devices |
US6156035A (en) * | 1997-01-13 | 2000-12-05 | Pioneer Laboratories, Inc. | Electrocautery method and apparatus |
US6032061A (en) * | 1997-02-20 | 2000-02-29 | Boston Scientifc Corporation | Catheter carrying an electrode and methods of assembly |
US6185463B1 (en) | 1997-05-01 | 2001-02-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable short resistant lead |
US5992418A (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 1999-11-30 | Irvine Biomedical , Inc. | Catheter system having safety means and methods thereof |
US6001095A (en) * | 1997-06-23 | 1999-12-14 | Irvine Biomedical, Inc. | Catheter system having closely spaced distal bipolar electrodes |
US6296633B1 (en) * | 1998-01-09 | 2001-10-02 | Schneider (Usa) Inc. | Medical device tubing assembly and method of making the same |
US20050004642A1 (en) * | 1998-11-09 | 2005-01-06 | Medtronic, Inc. | Implantable medical lead including overlay |
US6535762B1 (en) | 1999-02-24 | 2003-03-18 | Pacesetter, Inc. | Combination ICD and pacemaker system having integrated distal electrode |
US8671566B2 (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2014-03-18 | Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. | Method of forming a lead |
US7047627B2 (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2006-05-23 | Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. | Method for fabricating an implantable apparatus for delivering electrical stimulation from a pulse generator |
US20050192655A1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2005-09-01 | Black Damon R. | Method of forming a lead |
US6981314B2 (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2006-01-03 | Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. | Method of forming a lead |
US20020055765A1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2002-05-09 | Black Damon Ray | Implantable lead and method of manufacture |
US6216045B1 (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2001-04-10 | Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. | Implantable lead and method of manufacture |
US8316537B2 (en) | 1999-04-26 | 2012-11-27 | Advanced Neuromodulation Systems, Inc. | Method of forming a lead |
US20050246005A1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2005-11-03 | Black Damon R | Method for fabricating an implantable apparatus for delivering electrical stimulation from a pulse generator |
US20100077606A1 (en) * | 1999-04-26 | 2010-04-01 | Damon Ray Black | Method of forming a lead |
US7051419B2 (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2006-05-30 | Micronet Medical, Inc. | Neurostimulating lead |
US20040039434A1 (en) * | 1999-09-16 | 2004-02-26 | Schrom Mark G. | Neurostimulating lead |
US7047082B1 (en) | 1999-09-16 | 2006-05-16 | Micronet Medical, Inc. | Neurostimulating lead |
WO2001023034A1 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2001-04-05 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | High impedance electrode assembly |
US6889092B2 (en) | 1999-09-24 | 2005-05-03 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | High impedance electrode assembly |
US6363286B1 (en) | 1999-09-24 | 2002-03-26 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | High impedance electrode assembly |
US20020058981A1 (en) * | 1999-09-24 | 2002-05-16 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | High impedance electrode assembly |
US6456888B1 (en) | 2000-08-18 | 2002-09-24 | Cardiac Pacemakers, Inc. | Geometry for coupling and electrode to a conductor |
US20060111768A1 (en) * | 2000-09-26 | 2006-05-25 | Micronet Medical, Inc. | Lead body and method of lead body construction |
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