US4855186A - Coated plastic film and plastic laminate prepared therefrom - Google Patents
Coated plastic film and plastic laminate prepared therefrom Download PDFInfo
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- US4855186A US4855186A US07/159,618 US15961888A US4855186A US 4855186 A US4855186 A US 4855186A US 15961888 A US15961888 A US 15961888A US 4855186 A US4855186 A US 4855186A
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- heat reflection
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- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 30
- 239000002650 laminated plastic Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 13
- 239000002651 laminated plastic film Substances 0.000 title 1
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 47
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910052709 silver Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 26
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 239000004332 silver Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 25
- 150000004767 nitrides Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 19
- 230000005855 radiation Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 claims abstract description 14
- 238000002834 transmittance Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 10
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 229910052737 gold Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- 239000010931 gold Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 8
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N gold Chemical compound [Au] PCHJSUWPFVWCPO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000005336 safety glass Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 230000001464 adherent effect Effects 0.000 claims description 14
- PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M copper(1+);methylsulfanylmethane;bromide Chemical compound Br[Cu].CSC PMHQVHHXPFUNSP-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 claims description 10
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 claims description 9
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052581 Si3N4 Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 4
- HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N silicon nitride Chemical compound N12[Si]34N5[Si]62N3[Si]51N64 HQVNEWCFYHHQES-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 4
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 abstract description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 100
- 230000005540 biological transmission Effects 0.000 description 10
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 7
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 229910044991 metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000004706 metal oxides Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 description 4
- XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N tin dioxide Chemical compound O=[Sn]=O XOLBLPGZBRYERU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000010936 titanium Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000005357 flat glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000005340 laminated glass Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000012299 nitrogen atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004065 semiconductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000001228 spectrum Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052719 titanium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052726 zirconium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004698 Polyethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silicium dioxide Chemical compound O=[Si]=O VYPSYNLAJGMNEJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Titanium Chemical compound [Ti] RTAQQCXQSZGOHL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004833 X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zirconium Chemical compound [Zr] QCWXUUIWCKQGHC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004458 analytical method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000012298 atmosphere Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005452 bending Methods 0.000 description 1
- JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N bismuth atom Chemical compound [Bi] JCXGWMGPZLAOME-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000416 bismuth oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N butan-1-olate;titanium(4+) Chemical compound [Ti+4].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-].CCCC[O-] YHWCPXVTRSHPNY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003989 dielectric material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001941 electron spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N indium atom Chemical compound [In] APFVFJFRJDLVQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910003437 indium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 238000011835 investigation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052748 manganese Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000573 polyethylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 230000003236 psychic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229910052711 selenium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052710 silicon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010703 silicon Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052814 silicon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010944 silver (metal) Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052715 tantalum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N titanium oxide Inorganic materials [Ti]=O OGIDPMRJRNCKJF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001930 tungsten oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910001928 zirconium oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10009—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets
- B32B17/10036—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the number, the constitution or treatment of glass sheets comprising two outer glass sheets
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10165—Functional features of the laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/10174—Coatings of a metallic or dielectric material on a constituent layer of glass or polymer
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B32—LAYERED PRODUCTS
- B32B—LAYERED PRODUCTS, i.e. PRODUCTS BUILT-UP OF STRATA OF FLAT OR NON-FLAT, e.g. CELLULAR OR HONEYCOMB, FORM
- B32B17/00—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres
- B32B17/06—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material
- B32B17/10—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin
- B32B17/10005—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing
- B32B17/1055—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer
- B32B17/10761—Layered products essentially comprising sheet glass, or glass, slag, or like fibres comprising glass as the main or only constituent of a layer, next to another layer of a specific material of synthetic resin laminated safety glass or glazing characterized by the resin layer, i.e. interlayer containing vinyl acetal
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B5/00—Optical elements other than lenses
- G02B5/20—Filters
- G02B5/208—Filters for use with infrared or ultraviolet radiation, e.g. for separating visible light from infrared and/or ultraviolet radiation
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
- Y10T428/24942—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.] including components having same physical characteristic in differing degree
- Y10T428/2495—Thickness [relative or absolute]
- Y10T428/24967—Absolute thicknesses specified
- Y10T428/24975—No layer or component greater than 5 mils thick
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/26—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension
- Y10T428/266—Web or sheet containing structurally defined element or component, the element or component having a specified physical dimension of base or substrate
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31551—Of polyamidoester [polyurethane, polyisocyanate, polycarbamate, etc.]
- Y10T428/31627—Next to aldehyde or ketone condensation product
- Y10T428/3163—Next to acetal of polymerized unsaturated alcohol [e.g., formal butyral, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31681—Next to polyester, polyamide or polyimide [e.g., alkyd, glue, or nylon, etc.]
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31678—Of metal
- Y10T428/31692—Next to addition polymer from unsaturated monomers
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
- Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
- Y10T428/31504—Composite [nonstructural laminate]
- Y10T428/31786—Of polyester [e.g., alkyd, etc.]
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a transparent coated plastic film of high transmittance for visible light and high reflectance for infrared radiation comprising a carrier film of a transparent polymer and a reflection metal layer embedded between two dielectric layers, and to a plastic laminate prepared therefrom.
- Transparent coated plastic films are used as transparent heat reflectors, which are to be understood as optical filters which reflect infrared or heat radiation and are transparent to visible light, i.e. radiation in the visible region of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- Such transparent heat filters should transmit the greatest possible proportion of visible light and reflect the greatest possible proportion of the incident heat radiation. These filters may be employed to prevent heating of the interior of a room by solar radiation.
- One way of preventing an undue rise of the temperatures in the vehicle interior, even in summer, is to provide the glass panes of the vehicle with a coating, which has a high transparency in the visible spectral region and is strongly reflecting throughout the infrared region.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,548,691 discloses a process for the manufacture of glass panes of high transmittance behavior in the visible region and high reflection behavior towards heat radiation in which flat glass panes are directly coated by cathodic sputtering.
- a first layer of the group comprising In 2 O 3 , SnO 2 or mixed oxides thereof is produced on the flat glass panes.
- a second layer of silver, a third layer of the group comprising Al, Ti, Ta, Cr, Mn and Zr and a fourth layer of the group comprising In 2 O 3 , SnO 2 or mixed oxides thereof are applied to this first layer.
- Transparent heat reflectors can be produced in this way, but the process has disadvantages: it is very involved and expensive to coat individual glass panes.
- a further difficulty is that, to manufacture windshields for motor vehicles, the flat, coated glass panes must undergo an additional bending process, which adversely affects the quality of the coating. Furthermore, a coating, which manages without the layer which serves purely to protect the second layer of silver, is desirable.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,465,736 discloses a light-transmitting film comprising a transparent polymer carrier film and a light-transmitting metal layer of a metal from the group comprising Ag, Au, Cu and alloys thereof.
- a dielectric layer of titanium, bismuth, tungsten, indium, zirconium or silicon oxide is applied to one or both sides of the metal layer.
- a protective layer of Ti, Zr, Se or C can also be formed on one or both sides of the metal layer.
- the light-transmitting film is bonded on both sides to polyvinyl butyral to give a laminate which is, for example, inserted between two glass panes and integrated with the latter to form a laminated safety glass pane.
- the carrier film of the laminate is in general composed of polyethylene terephalate.
- the two dielectric layers applied to both sides of the metal layer are precipitated on the metal layer, for example, by hydrolysis of tetrabutyl titanate in alcohol.
- the present invention relates to a coated plastic film possessing a high transmittance for visible light and a high reflectance for infrared radiation
- a transparent plastic carrier film having a transparent heat reflection layer on at least one surface, said transparent heat reflection layer consisting of
- the present invention relates to a plastic laminate possessing a high transmittance for visible light and a high reflectance for infrared radiation comprising two layers of polyvinyl butyral separated by a transparent plastic carrier film having a transparent heat reflection layer on at least one surface, said transparent heat reflection layer consisting of
- the present invention relates to a coated plastic film possessing a high transmittance for visible light and a high reflectance for infrared radiation
- a transparent plastic carrier film having a transparent heat reflection layer on at least one surface, said transparent heat reflection layer consisting of
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-section through a coated plastic film according to the invention.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-section through a plastic laminate comprising a coated plastic film and, on each side thereof, laminated polyvinyl butyral films.
- FIG. 3 shows the light transmission and reflection of a coated plastic film of carrier film/aluminum nitride/silver/aluminum nitride structure, as a function of the wavelength of the incident radiation.
- each of the two dielectric layers is composed of a metal nitride.
- the heat reflection metal layer is composed of a metal from the group comprising silver, gold and copper.
- the dielectric layers are preferably composed of aluminum nitride or silicon nitride.
- the reflection metal layer has a thickness of from 5 to 40 nm and the thickness of each of the dielectric layers is from 20 to 60 nm.
- the carrier film comprises, for example, polyethylene terephthalate having a thickness of from 5 to 100 ⁇ m.
- the transparency of the coated plastic film in the visible spectral region for a wavelength of 550 nm is greater than or equal to 73% and the reflectance of the coated plastic film in the near infrared region for a wavelength of 2500 nm is at least 80%.
- the layers are applied successively to the carrier film by cathodic sputtering.
- the coated plastic film is the starting material for a plastic laminate and, for this purpose, each of the two sides of the plastic film are laminated with a film of polyvinyl butyral.
- the thickness of the individual polyvinyl butyral film is typically in the range of from 0.2 to 0.8 mm.
- This plastic laminate embedded between the two shaped glass panes forms with these a laminated safety glass pane of glass/plastic laminate/glass structure.
- Such laminated safety glass panes are, in particular, fitted as windshields in motor vehicles.
- High reflection in the infrared region is a characteristic property of metals of high electric conductivity.
- the light transmission in the visible spectral region is in turn typical of semiconductors having a band gap E ⁇ 3 eV.
- transparent heat reflectors can be produced in two ways, either by means of semiconductors, which have a large band gap and a non-stoichiometric composition and/or have been suitably doped, as the layer material' or by means of very thin metal layers which have a thickness of the order of 10 nm or less and are provided on both sides with a dielectric layer.
- the first method of production requires layer thicknesses of about 1 ⁇ m and higher, which are too large to make them suitable for use in windshields. For this reason, only that embodiment can be used for transparent heat reflectors in laminated safety glass panes for motor vehicles, wherein very thin metal layers, which are provided on both sides with a dielectric layer, can be used.
- Metals suitable for this metal layer are primarily silver, gold, and copper, and alloys of these metals. At wavelengths less than 600 nm, i.e. in a region where the solar spectrum has its maximum, the absorptivity of copper and gold is substantially greater than that of silver.
- the reduced light transmission of a silver layer in the visible spectral region is to be ascribed to the higher reflectance of silver as compared with gold and copper.
- the high reflectance of the silver layer in the visible spectral region is reduced by embedding the silver layer between two dielectric anti-reflection layers. Dielectric materials believed useful for the anti-reflection layers are metal oxides or metal nitrides.
- the carrier film namely the polyester film
- the carrier film is first coated with a metal oxide layer and then with a silver layer of a layer thickness of less than 25 nm
- the measured optical properties such as the reflectance and transmittance, more or less coincide with the theoretical predictions.
- a further oxide layer is applied to the silver layer
- the coated film has a light transmission of about 75% and - contrary to expectation - a reflectance for heat radiation of only 35% as a maximum.
- Investigations using a scanning electron microscope and an electron spectroscopy instrument for the chemical analysis of surfaces (ESCA instrument) show that, when the top metal oxide layer is applied, the initially closed silver layer is torn open by the action of the cathodic sputtering process when the top metal oxide layer is applied, i.e.
- Transparent heat reflectors can be produced in this way, wherein the individual layers are each applied by cathodic sputtering.
- the transparent heat reflectors prepared according to the invention manage without this additional metal layer.
- FIG. 1 shows a cross-section of a coated plastic film 5 composed of a carrier film 1 and a layer structure thereon, which comprises several layers.
- a first metal nitride layer, a metal layer and a second metal nitride layer have been applied to the carrier film 1 by cathodic sputtering.
- the carrier film 1 is a polyester film, for example, polyethylene terephthalate film, having a thickness of from 10 to 50 ⁇ m.
- Dielectric layers 2 and 4 are comprised of a metal nitride and form anti-reflection layers which enclose the metal layer 3. The thickness of each of the dielectric metal layers is in the range of from 20 to 60 nm.
- the metal nitride of the two dielectric layers 2 and 4 is preferably aluminum nitride.
- the metal layer 3 forms a heat reflection metal layer and is composed of a metal from the group comprising silver, gold and copper, with silver being preferred.
- the metal layer 3 has in general a thickness of from 5 to 40 nm.
- Dielectric layers 2 and 4 can also be composed of silicon nitride, rather than aluminum nitride, each having a thickness of from 20 to 60 nm.
- FIG. 2 shows a cross-section of a plastic laminate 8 which is composed of a coated plastic film 5, as shown in FIG. 1, and two films 6 and 7 each of polyvinyl butyral, which are each laminated to one side of the plastic film 5.
- PVB films polyvinyl butyral films
- Bonding between the PVB films 6 and 7 and the coated plastic film 5 can be effected by suitable transparent adhesives which are not shown in FIG. 2.
- the thickness of the individual PVB film 6 or 7 is in the range of from 0.2 to 0.4 mm, so that the overall thickness of the plastic laminate 8 reaches 0.85 mm as a maximum.
- the first metal nitride layer 2 can be omitted.
- FIG. 3 shows a transmission curve 9 in the wavelength region between 400 and 2,500 nm of a coated plastic film which has a carrier film/aluminum nitride/silver/aluminum nitride layer structure.
- the maximum of the transmission curve is at a wavelength length of 550 nm and amounts to 86%.
- the reflection curve 10 shows that the maximum of reflection at a wavelength of 2,500 nm is over 90%.
- the thickness of the carrier film of polyethylene terephthalate (Hostaphan®4400 from Hoechst AG) is 36 ⁇ m.
- Example illustrates the practice and advantages of the present invention. This Example is intended to be illustrative only, and in no event constitutes a limitation upon the scope of the invention.
- the three layers 2 to 4 according to the drawing in FIG. 1 were applied to a polyethylene terephthalate film 1 of 36 ⁇ m thickness in a cathodic sputtering unit.
- the aluminum was sputtered in a nitrogen atmosphere, so that the layers 2 and 4 were precipitated as aluminum nitride layers.
- the sputtering of silver was carried out in an unreactive atmosphere and gave the silver layer 3.
- the two aluminum nitride layers 2 and 4 and the silver layer 3 have a total layer thickness of 96 nm.
- the optical properties of the cated plastic film 5 are shown in FIG. 3, the transmission at a wavelength of 550 nm being 86% and the reflection at a wavelength of 2,500 nm being more than 90%.
- the spectral behavior of the coated plastic film 5 in the wavelength region from 400 to 2,500 nm is evident from the transmission curve 9 and the reflection curve 10 in FIG. 3.
- the dielectric layers comprised of silicon nitride which is obtained by sputtering silicon in a nitrogen atmosphere in the cathodic sputtering unit give similarly high values of transmission and reflection.
- the transmission and reflection will decrease, but the thicknesses of the layers should be selected such in each case that the transparency of the coated plastic film in the visible spectral region for a wavelength of 550 nm is greater than or equal to 73% and the reflectance in the near infrared region for a wavelength of 2,500 nm is at least 80%.
- plastic films coated in this way provide very high resistance to salt water and other aggressive atmospheres. Moreover, the water absorption of such films over prolonged periods is very low, so that the plastic films are stable on storage.
Abstract
Description
Claims (10)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3707214 | 1987-03-06 | ||
DE19873707214 DE3707214A1 (en) | 1987-03-06 | 1987-03-06 | COATED PLASTIC FILM AND PLASTIC LAMINATE MADE THEREOF |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4855186A true US4855186A (en) | 1989-08-08 |
Family
ID=6322417
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US07/159,618 Expired - Lifetime US4855186A (en) | 1987-03-06 | 1988-02-23 | Coated plastic film and plastic laminate prepared therefrom |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4855186A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0281048B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS63230334A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3707214A1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2043701T3 (en) |
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US5091258A (en) * | 1990-08-20 | 1992-02-25 | Monsanto Company | Laminate for a safety glazing |
US5153062A (en) * | 1989-02-13 | 1992-10-06 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Process and device for producing laminated safety glass and laminated safety glass produced thereby |
US5336565A (en) * | 1991-02-28 | 1994-08-09 | Nippon Sheet Glass Co., Ltd. | Automotive window glass |
US5433988A (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1995-07-18 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Multi-layer reflection mirror for soft X-ray to vacuum ultraviolet ray |
US5834103A (en) * | 1994-05-03 | 1998-11-10 | Cardinal Ig Company | Transparent article having protective silicon nitride film |
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US6673438B1 (en) * | 1994-05-03 | 2004-01-06 | Cardinal Cg Company | Transparent article having protective silicon nitride film |
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- 1988-02-23 US US07/159,618 patent/US4855186A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-29 DE DE88102977T patent/DE3884237D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1988-02-29 ES ES88102977T patent/ES2043701T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-02-29 EP EP88102977A patent/EP0281048B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1988-03-04 JP JP63049952A patent/JPS63230334A/en active Pending
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US5433988A (en) * | 1986-10-01 | 1995-07-18 | Canon Kabushiki Kaisha | Multi-layer reflection mirror for soft X-ray to vacuum ultraviolet ray |
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0281048A2 (en) | 1988-09-07 |
DE3707214A1 (en) | 1988-09-15 |
EP0281048A3 (en) | 1990-08-22 |
JPS63230334A (en) | 1988-09-26 |
DE3884237D1 (en) | 1993-10-28 |
ES2043701T3 (en) | 1994-01-01 |
EP0281048B1 (en) | 1993-09-22 |
DE3707214C2 (en) | 1989-10-19 |
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