US4893887A - Holographic image transfer process - Google Patents
Holographic image transfer process Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4893887A US4893887A US06/560,747 US56074783A US4893887A US 4893887 A US4893887 A US 4893887A US 56074783 A US56074783 A US 56074783A US 4893887 A US4893887 A US 4893887A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- hologram
- liquid adhesive
- adhesive resin
- contact
- metallic hologram
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Fee Related
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 16
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 23
- 239000004840 adhesive resin Substances 0.000 claims description 15
- 229920006223 adhesive resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 15
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 229920001169 thermoplastic Polymers 0.000 claims description 6
- 239000004416 thermosoftening plastic Substances 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004049 embossing Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 230000008021 deposition Effects 0.000 claims 2
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 abstract description 24
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 abstract description 24
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 abstract description 6
- 239000010408 film Substances 0.000 description 22
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 7
- 239000011241 protective layer Substances 0.000 description 6
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000123 paper Substances 0.000 description 4
- -1 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004775 Tyvek Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920000690 Tyvek Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229920006255 plastic film Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004743 Polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011111 cardboard Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910000856 hastalloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000011104 metalized film Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000139 polyethylene terephthalate Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 239000005020 polyethylene terephthalate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920001155 polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002966 varnish Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Silver Chemical compound [Ag] BQCADISMDOOEFD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000012790 adhesive layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006378 biaxially oriented polypropylene Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011127 biaxially oriented polypropylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N butyl prop-2-enoate;methyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate;prop-2-enoic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C=C.COC(=O)C(C)=C.CCCCOC(=O)C=C QHIWVLPBUQWDMQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002131 composite material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012792 core layer Substances 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011159 matrix material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001465 metallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000013008 moisture curing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920003023 plastic Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000098 polyolefin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920005749 polyurethane resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004544 sputter deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002803 thermoplastic polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000001771 vacuum deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002023 wood Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/328—Diffraction gratings; Holograms
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/405—Marking
- B42D25/425—Marking by deformation, e.g. embossing
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/40—Manufacture
- B42D25/45—Associating two or more layers
- B42D25/465—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives
- B42D25/47—Associating two or more layers using chemicals or adhesives using adhesives
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H1/00—Holographic processes or apparatus using light, infrared or ultraviolet waves for obtaining holograms or for obtaining an image from them; Details peculiar thereto
- G03H1/02—Details of features involved during the holographic process; Replication of holograms without interference recording
- G03H1/0276—Replicating a master hologram without interference recording
- G03H1/028—Replicating a master hologram without interference recording by embossing
-
- B42D2033/04—
-
- B42D2033/10—
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B42—BOOKBINDING; ALBUMS; FILES; SPECIAL PRINTED MATTER
- B42D—BOOKS; BOOK COVERS; LOOSE LEAVES; PRINTED MATTER CHARACTERISED BY IDENTIFICATION OR SECURITY FEATURES; PRINTED MATTER OF SPECIAL FORMAT OR STYLE NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; DEVICES FOR USE THEREWITH AND NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; MOVABLE-STRIP WRITING OR READING APPARATUS
- B42D25/00—Information-bearing cards or sheet-like structures characterised by identification or security features; Manufacture thereof
- B42D25/30—Identification or security features, e.g. for preventing forgery
- B42D25/351—Translucent or partly translucent parts, e.g. windows
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2250/00—Laminate comprising a hologram layer
- G03H2250/10—Laminate comprising a hologram layer arranged to be transferred onto a carrier body
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03H—HOLOGRAPHIC PROCESSES OR APPARATUS
- G03H2270/00—Substrate bearing the hologram
- G03H2270/10—Composition
- G03H2270/13—Metallic
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
- Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y10S359/00—Optical: systems and elements
- Y10S359/90—Methods
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a metallic reflecting hologram supported in a transparent matrix and its method of preparation.
- U.S. Pat. No. 3,658,526 discloses preparing copies of a hologram using a photopolymer as the copy material.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,215,170 discloses a process of metallizing a substrate wherein a transfer member is metallized by vacuum deposition of the metal, a varnish is applied to the metal and the resulting assembly applied to the final substrate. The varnish is cured and the transfer member is removed leaving the metallized substrate.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,250,209 discloses a process for metallizing a substrate wherein a polymeric film is treated with a release agent, and a layer of metal is vacuum deposited over the release agent. An adhesive is applied to the metal, the adhesive is adhered to a substrate, and the polymeric film removed.
- U.S. Pat. No. 4,313,984 discloses a laminated identity card containing core layers carrying security markings.
- the present invention discloses a metallic reflecting hologram and its preparation by use of a die having a holographic image formed in the embossing surface thereof. Using the die, an image is replicated into a metallic film. A plastic adhesive is applied as a liquid to the metal hologram (film) and the metal hologram applied to a substrate and the liquid adhesive cured to convert it to a solid. A liquid is applied to the hologram surface and cured to convert it to a solid.
- FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of the process steps carried out in accordance with Example 1.
- FIG. 2 is a pictorial representation of the process steps carried out in accordance with Example 3.
- the metallic holograms of the present invention can be applied to any flat surface. Suitable surfaces include, but are not limited to, paper, wood, sheet metal, glass, plastic films, Tyvek® (a spunbonded polyolefin sheet material sold by Du Pont), etc. Generally the holograms of the present invention are useful in marking valuable documents such as money or passports to prevent their being counterfeited and for mass media images (illustrations) in magazines, books, or on advertising material.
- the first step in producing the metallic holograms of the present invention is to prepare a die for forming the hologram.
- the master from which the die is fabricated is prepared by conventional means.
- the preferred method is to coat an incompletely cross-linked photopolymer on a glass plate.
- the light from a laser is split into two beams which are collimated.
- One collimated beam is reflected from the object to be holographed onto the partially cross-linked photopolymer.
- the other beam of collimated light is transmitted directly onto the partially cross-linked photopolymer and serves as a reference beam.
- the photopolymer forms a pattern of raised areas and valleys which are a holograph of the object being holographed.
- the holograph is sprayed with colloidal silver, placed in a bath, and electroplated with nickel.
- the thusly formed nickel die is separated from the master and mounted on a pressure roll or other stamping means.
- the metal hologram can be fabricated using the die by any of several means.
- One method is to vacuum deposit a metal layer directly on the die. Liquid adhesive is applied over the metallized die. The adhesive-coated metal layer, while still attached to the die, is then pressed against a substrate, the adhesive cured, and the die removed. The resulting metal hologram may then be covered with additional liquid adhesive, which is cured after application, to provide protection for the hologram.
- Another method for producing the metallic hologram is to metallize a plastic film by vacuum metallization or by sputtering.
- the deposited metal may be continuous or discontinuous.
- the metallized film is embossed on the metallized surface using the die.
- a liquid adhesive is applied to the metallized surface, and the adhesive-coated surface of the composite is pressed against a substrate.
- the adhesive is cured and the plastic film removed.
- the embossed metal hologram is covered with a layer of the liquid adhesive which is cured to complete the process.
- Another technique for forming the metallic hologram is to emboss a thermoplastic film with the die and then vacuum deposit a metal onto the embossed film. A liquid adhesive is applied to the deposited metal; the film, metal and adhesive is pressed against a substrate and the adhesive cured. The film is removed and the metal hologram covered with more of the liquid adhesive which is cured to solidify it.
- any transparent adhesive which is a liquid curable to a solid can be used in the present invention.
- the adhesive is a cross-linkable polymer that cures to form a tough solvent-resistant film.
- Suitable adhesives include, but are not limited to, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, acrylic resins, and alkyd resins.
- the metal hologram is very thin, about 0.02 to 0.1 micron in thickness. This thinness is necessary when using the two film transfer techniques described above because the metal surface which was not in contact with the die surface will ultimately be the reflective holographic surface; and if the metal is much thicker, it will not adequately reproduce the detailed topology of the holographic master from which the die was fabricated.
- Aluminum and nickel base alloys such as Hastelloy® are the preferred metals.
- the wave pattern must be covered with a protective layer.
- this protective layer should have chemical characteristics similar to the adhesive (i.e., solubility, adhesion). Such is preferred to prevent the removal of the protective layer. For example, if various solvents are tried to dissolve the protective layer, the adhesive layer will be destroyed as well, thus preventing access to the image.
- the use of the protective layer could, of course, be eliminated for end uses that do not require high security. In such cases, the metal should be resistant to oxidation and the elements. Hastelloy® has been found to be quite durable and is suitable for direct exposure to the elements. Otherwise, aluminum is adequate for the metal when it is covered by the protective layer.
- a biaxially oriented 1 mil thick polyethylene terephthalate film was vacuum metallized with 0.025 micron aluminum using a conventional commercial metallizing unit.
- the vacuum vessel was set to 0.012 mm Hg rather than 0.002 mm Hg so to produce a product with a low metal-to-film adhesion.
- the metallized film was then embossed on the metallized surface with the desired holographic image.
- Equipment for this embossing process comprised two steel rolls heated to 90° C. One of the rolls was covered with a nickel sleeve which was electroformed from a photopolymer coated glass plate hologram. The film to be embossed is fed between the pressure loaded rollers with the metallized side against the nickel sleeve.
- epoxy FE-7235A and B H. B. Fuller Co. structural adhesive
- the mixed resin was then applied evenly to the image areas on the metallized side of the polyester film. Then the film was cut up and individual image areas were pressed onto a variety of surfaces which were ultimately to support the holographic image. Among the surfaces were notebook paper, cardboard, and Tyvek®. Pressure was maintained on the film/adhesive/substrate surface sandwich by use of weights.
- the adhesive resin was cured by heating at 60° C. for three hours. The polyethylene terephthalate film was peeled off of the images by hand. Left behind were exact replicas of the original holographic image on the support surface complete with reflecting aluminum surfaces.
- Example 1 is repeated except Spensole® L53 moisture cure urethaneresin (Spencer Kellogg Co.) (no further description available) is substituted for the two part epoxy resin and cured at the same conditions as used for Ex. 1.
- Biaxially oriented polypropylene film of 2 mil thickness was embossed with the embossing rolls used in Example 1 heated to 72° C.
- the embossed film was vacuum metallized with aluminum using a conventional metallizing unit at the standard vacuum setting to provide a 0.025 micron thick aluminum coating.
- epoxy FE-7235A and B were mixed.
- the mixed resin was applied evenly to the image areas on the metallized side of the polypropylene film.
- the film was cut up and the image areas were pressed on to various surfaces which were ultimately to support the holographic image.
- the surfaces were notebook paper, cardboard, and Tyvek®. Pressure was maintained on the film of resin/substrate surface sandwich by means of weights.
- the adhesive resin was cured by heating at 60° C. for three hours.
- the polypropylene film was peeled off the images by hand. Left behind were exact replicas of the original holographic image on the support surface complete with reflecting aluminum surface.
Abstract
A supported thin metal hologram is formed and mounted on a substrate using an adhesive. In a preferred aspect, the hologram is covered with a transparent resin which preferably is identical to the adhesive.
Description
1. Field of the Invention
The present invention relates to a metallic reflecting hologram supported in a transparent matrix and its method of preparation.
2. Prior Art
U.S. Pat. No. 3,658,526 discloses preparing copies of a hologram using a photopolymer as the copy material.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,215,170 discloses a process of metallizing a substrate wherein a transfer member is metallized by vacuum deposition of the metal, a varnish is applied to the metal and the resulting assembly applied to the final substrate. The varnish is cured and the transfer member is removed leaving the metallized substrate.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,250,209 discloses a process for metallizing a substrate wherein a polymeric film is treated with a release agent, and a layer of metal is vacuum deposited over the release agent. An adhesive is applied to the metal, the adhesive is adhered to a substrate, and the polymeric film removed.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,313,984 discloses a laminated identity card containing core layers carrying security markings.
The present invention discloses a metallic reflecting hologram and its preparation by use of a die having a holographic image formed in the embossing surface thereof. Using the die, an image is replicated into a metallic film. A plastic adhesive is applied as a liquid to the metal hologram (film) and the metal hologram applied to a substrate and the liquid adhesive cured to convert it to a solid. A liquid is applied to the hologram surface and cured to convert it to a solid.
FIG. 1 is a pictorial representation of the process steps carried out in accordance with Example 1.
FIG. 2 is a pictorial representation of the process steps carried out in accordance with Example 3.
The metallic holograms of the present invention can be applied to any flat surface. Suitable surfaces include, but are not limited to, paper, wood, sheet metal, glass, plastic films, Tyvek® (a spunbonded polyolefin sheet material sold by Du Pont), etc. Generally the holograms of the present invention are useful in marking valuable documents such as money or passports to prevent their being counterfeited and for mass media images (illustrations) in magazines, books, or on advertising material.
The first step in producing the metallic holograms of the present invention is to prepare a die for forming the hologram. The master from which the die is fabricated is prepared by conventional means. The preferred method is to coat an incompletely cross-linked photopolymer on a glass plate. The light from a laser is split into two beams which are collimated. One collimated beam is reflected from the object to be holographed onto the partially cross-linked photopolymer. The other beam of collimated light is transmitted directly onto the partially cross-linked photopolymer and serves as a reference beam. Upon exposure, the photopolymer forms a pattern of raised areas and valleys which are a holograph of the object being holographed. The holograph is sprayed with colloidal silver, placed in a bath, and electroplated with nickel. The thusly formed nickel die is separated from the master and mounted on a pressure roll or other stamping means.
The metal hologram can be fabricated using the die by any of several means. One method is to vacuum deposit a metal layer directly on the die. Liquid adhesive is applied over the metallized die. The adhesive-coated metal layer, while still attached to the die, is then pressed against a substrate, the adhesive cured, and the die removed. The resulting metal hologram may then be covered with additional liquid adhesive, which is cured after application, to provide protection for the hologram.
Another method for producing the metallic hologram is to metallize a plastic film by vacuum metallization or by sputtering. The deposited metal may be continuous or discontinuous. The metallized film is embossed on the metallized surface using the die. A liquid adhesive is applied to the metallized surface, and the adhesive-coated surface of the composite is pressed against a substrate. The adhesive is cured and the plastic film removed. The embossed metal hologram is covered with a layer of the liquid adhesive which is cured to complete the process.
Another technique for forming the metallic hologram is to emboss a thermoplastic film with the die and then vacuum deposit a metal onto the embossed film. A liquid adhesive is applied to the deposited metal; the film, metal and adhesive is pressed against a substrate and the adhesive cured. The film is removed and the metal hologram covered with more of the liquid adhesive which is cured to solidify it.
Any transparent adhesive which is a liquid curable to a solid can be used in the present invention. In a preferred aspect the adhesive is a cross-linkable polymer that cures to form a tough solvent-resistant film. Suitable adhesives include, but are not limited to, epoxy resins, polyurethane resins, acrylic resins, and alkyd resins.
The metal hologram is very thin, about 0.02 to 0.1 micron in thickness. This thinness is necessary when using the two film transfer techniques described above because the metal surface which was not in contact with the die surface will ultimately be the reflective holographic surface; and if the metal is much thicker, it will not adequately reproduce the detailed topology of the holographic master from which the die was fabricated. Aluminum and nickel base alloys such as Hastelloy® are the preferred metals.
Since the holographic image information is contained in the wave pattern, it would be possible to "pirate" the image by making an electroform or casting of the wave surface. To prevent such a counterfeiting ploy, the wave pattern must be covered with a protective layer. Additionally, this protective layer should have chemical characteristics similar to the adhesive (i.e., solubility, adhesion). Such is preferred to prevent the removal of the protective layer. For example, if various solvents are tried to dissolve the protective layer, the adhesive layer will be destroyed as well, thus preventing access to the image. The use of the protective layer could, of course, be eliminated for end uses that do not require high security. In such cases, the metal should be resistant to oxidation and the elements. Hastelloy® has been found to be quite durable and is suitable for direct exposure to the elements. Otherwise, aluminum is adequate for the metal when it is covered by the protective layer.
A biaxially oriented 1 mil thick polyethylene terephthalate film was vacuum metallized with 0.025 micron aluminum using a conventional commercial metallizing unit. The vacuum vessel was set to 0.012 mm Hg rather than 0.002 mm Hg so to produce a product with a low metal-to-film adhesion.
The metallized film was then embossed on the metallized surface with the desired holographic image. Equipment for this embossing process comprised two steel rolls heated to 90° C. One of the rolls was covered with a nickel sleeve which was electroformed from a photopolymer coated glass plate hologram. The film to be embossed is fed between the pressure loaded rollers with the metallized side against the nickel sleeve.
Next, equal parts of epoxy FE-7235A and B (H. B. Fuller Co.) structural adhesive were mixed. This is a very clear epoxy resin that has appropriate optical, viscosity, adhesion, and flexibility characteristics for use in the present invention. The mixed resin was then applied evenly to the image areas on the metallized side of the polyester film. Then the film was cut up and individual image areas were pressed onto a variety of surfaces which were ultimately to support the holographic image. Among the surfaces were notebook paper, cardboard, and Tyvek®. Pressure was maintained on the film/adhesive/substrate surface sandwich by use of weights. The adhesive resin was cured by heating at 60° C. for three hours. The polyethylene terephthalate film was peeled off of the images by hand. Left behind were exact replicas of the original holographic image on the support surface complete with reflecting aluminum surfaces.
Finally, a fresh batch of the epoxy resin was made as before. The transferred surfaces were then smoothly top coated with the resin and cured at 60° C. for one hour. The resulting images were bright and very durable.
Example 1 is repeated except Spensole® L53 moisture cure urethaneresin (Spencer Kellogg Co.) (no further description available) is substituted for the two part epoxy resin and cured at the same conditions as used for Ex. 1.
Biaxially oriented polypropylene film of 2 mil thickness was embossed with the embossing rolls used in Example 1 heated to 72° C. The embossed film was vacuum metallized with aluminum using a conventional metallizing unit at the standard vacuum setting to provide a 0.025 micron thick aluminum coating.
Next, equal parts of epoxy FE-7235A and B were mixed. The mixed resin was applied evenly to the image areas on the metallized side of the polypropylene film. The film was cut up and the image areas were pressed on to various surfaces which were ultimately to support the holographic image. Among the surfaces were notebook paper, cardboard, and Tyvek®. Pressure was maintained on the film of resin/substrate surface sandwich by means of weights. The adhesive resin was cured by heating at 60° C. for three hours.
The polypropylene film was peeled off the images by hand. Left behind were exact replicas of the original holographic image on the support surface complete with reflecting aluminum surface.
Finally, a fresh batch of the epoxy resin is made as before. The transferred surface was then smoothly top coated with the resin and cured at 60° C. for one hour. The resulting images were bright and very durable.
Using these techniques, a hologram similar in size and complexity to the Department of the Treasury seal found on the face of U.S. currency was applied to the surface of security paper as described in U.S 4,310,591. The image was bright and durable and judged acceptable for its intended use as an anti-counter-fitting device.
Claims (3)
1. A process for applying a metallic hologram to a solid substrate which comprises the following steps in sequence:
(a) forming a thin metallic hologram;
(b) coating a first side of said thin metallic hologram with a crosslinkable liquid adhesive resin;
(c) contacting the coating on the thin metallic hologram with a solid substrate;
(d) curing said crosslinkable liquid adhesive resin to form a tough solvent-resistant film while said metallic hologram and said solid substrate are in contact with said crosslinkable liquid adhesive resin;
(e) coating a second side of the thin metallic hologram with a transparent crosslinkable liquid adhesive resin; and
(f) curing the transparent liquid adhesive resin to form a tough solvent-resistant film while it is in contact with said second side of the thin metallic hologram.
2. A process for applying a metallic hologram to a solid substrate which comprises the following steps in sequence:
(a) forming a thin metallic hologram on the surface of a metal die by deposition of metal onto the surface of a metal die that contains a holographic image, said metallic hologram having two major sides, one of said major sides hereinafter designated: first side, being out of contact with the surface of the metal die, the second of said major sides hereinafter being designated: second side, being initially in contact with the surface of the metal die;
(b) coating the first side of said thin metallic hologram with a crosslinkable liquid adhesive resin;
(c) contacting the coating on the thin metallic hologram with a solid substrate;
(d) curing said crosslinkable liquid adhesive resin to form a tough solvent-resistant film while said metallic hologram and said solid substrate are in contact with said crosslinkable liquid adhesive resin, and said metal die is in contact with said second side;
(e) removing said metallic die from contact with said second side;
(f) coating said second side with a crosslinkable liquid adhesive resin; and
(g) curing the coating applied in step (f) to form a tough solvent-resistant film.
3. A process for applying a metallic hologram to a solid substrate which comprises the following steps in sequence:
(a) forming a thin metallic hologram by deposition of a metal film onto a thermoplastic layer and then embossing the metal film with a holographic image, said metallic hologram having two major sides, one of said major sides hereinafter designated: first side, being out of contact with the thermoplastic layer, the second of said major sides hereinafter being designated: second side, being initially in contact with the thermoplastic layer;
(b) coating the first side of said thin metallic hologram with a crosslinkable liquid adhesive resin;
(c) contacting the coating on the thin metallic hologram with a solid substrate;
(d) curing said crosslinkable liquid adhesive resin to form a tough solvent-resistant film while the first side of said metallic hologram and said solid substrate are in contact with the crosslinkable liquid adhesive resin and said thermoplastic layer is in contact with said second side;
(e) removing said thermoplastic layer from contact with said second side;
(f) coating said second side with a crosslinkable liquid adhesive resin; and
(g) curing the coating applied in step (f) to form a tough solvent-resistant film.
Priority Applications (3)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/560,747 US4893887A (en) | 1983-12-12 | 1983-12-12 | Holographic image transfer process |
JP59259433A JPS60191284A (en) | 1983-12-12 | 1984-12-10 | Improved halographic image transfer |
EP84308594A EP0145481A3 (en) | 1983-12-12 | 1984-12-11 | Improved holographic image transfer process |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US06/560,747 US4893887A (en) | 1983-12-12 | 1983-12-12 | Holographic image transfer process |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
US4893887A true US4893887A (en) | 1990-01-16 |
Family
ID=24239191
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
US06/560,747 Expired - Fee Related US4893887A (en) | 1983-12-12 | 1983-12-12 | Holographic image transfer process |
Country Status (3)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4893887A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0145481A3 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS60191284A (en) |
Cited By (25)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5239396A (en) * | 1991-06-06 | 1993-08-24 | Thompson Marion E | Safety application of holographic material |
US5318816A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1994-06-07 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Laminated hologram decals for identification cards and the like |
US5464690A (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 1995-11-07 | Novavision, Inc. | Holographic document and method for forming |
GB2300379A (en) * | 1995-04-05 | 1996-11-06 | Applied Holographics | Application to substrates of elements or films which have a surface relief pattern providing an optically variable effect |
US5724161A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-03-03 | Delco Electronics Corp. | Holographic information display for exterior vehicle application |
WO1998008681A1 (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1998-03-05 | Tomas Meinen | Process and device for manufacturing id cards |
US5762573A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1998-06-09 | Lisco, Inc. | Game ball with a hologram image |
US5871608A (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1999-02-16 | Hampshire Holographic Manufacturing Corp. | Method for transferring a metallized holographic image |
US5902436A (en) * | 1996-07-09 | 1999-05-11 | Hampshire Holographic Manufacturing Corp. | Method for transferring a metallized holographic image |
US5922455A (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 1999-07-13 | Hampshire Holographic Manufacturing Corp. | Holographically enhanced wrapping elements |
WO2001015122A2 (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2001-03-01 | Bautista Perez Salazar Ramon | Removable security optical coating placed on a printed surface and/or product containing such coating |
US6381924B1 (en) | 1999-08-13 | 2002-05-07 | Southpac Trust International, Inc. | Floral wrapper having printed design with shaded and highlighted areas |
US6442894B2 (en) | 1998-02-10 | 2002-09-03 | Southpac Trust International, Inc. | Floral wrapper having printed design with shaded and highlighted areas |
US6497778B1 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2002-12-24 | Novavision, Inc. | Method for making holographic foil |
US20030165746A1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2003-09-04 | Stefan Stadler | Holographic data memory |
US6638386B2 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2003-10-28 | Novavision, Inc. | Method for making holographic foil |
KR100482181B1 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2005-04-13 | 롯데알미늄 주식회사 | Transcript Film for Hologram and Method for Producing the same |
US20050082697A1 (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2005-04-21 | Klaser Technology Inc. | Solvent-resisting holographic film and manufacture thereof |
US20050186400A1 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2005-08-25 | Vladek Kasperchik | Durable printed composite materials and associated methods |
US20050235606A1 (en) * | 1994-01-07 | 2005-10-27 | Weder Donald E | Floral grouping wrapper having a holographic design and methods of use |
US20060154050A1 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2006-07-13 | Toray Plastics (America), Inc., A Corporation Of Rhode Island | Holographic transfer thermoplastic sheet |
US20060194024A1 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-08-31 | Tefco Aomori Co., Ltd. | Decorative pattern and production method therefor |
KR100815474B1 (en) | 2007-02-20 | 2008-03-20 | 주식회사 라임텍 | A method for implementing hologram in aluminium plate |
US20090229206A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Daniel Christman | Decorative holographic tile |
US20170207114A1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2017-07-20 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor Device and Method of Manufacturing the Same |
Families Citing this family (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CA1328363C (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1994-04-12 | Yoichi Fukushima | Optical recording card having hologram contained therein and method of producing the same |
US5010243A (en) * | 1986-10-15 | 1991-04-23 | Kyodo Printing Co., Ltd. | Method of producing an optical recording card having a hologram contained therein |
GB8702573D0 (en) * | 1987-02-05 | 1987-03-11 | Amblehurst Ltd | Adhesive sheet material |
GB8708290D0 (en) * | 1987-04-07 | 1987-05-13 | Marks Spencer Plc | Decorated fabric structures |
GB8715179D0 (en) * | 1987-06-29 | 1987-08-05 | Metal Closures Group Plc | Articles carrying reflective holograms |
FR2671032A1 (en) * | 1990-12-28 | 1992-07-03 | Hologram Ind | INFALSIFIABLE DOCUMENT LAMINATED WITH HOLOGRAM AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING SUCH A DOCUMENT. |
DE4211235C2 (en) * | 1992-04-03 | 2003-04-17 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Method and device for producing metallic surface elements on substrates and their use |
DE4404128A1 (en) † | 1993-02-19 | 1994-08-25 | Gao Ges Automation Org | Security document and method for its manufacture |
GB9406794D0 (en) * | 1994-04-06 | 1994-05-25 | Applied Holographics | Protected relief patterns |
AU2002239528A1 (en) | 2000-11-02 | 2002-05-27 | Taylor Corporation | Lenticular card and processes for making |
Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3658526A (en) * | 1969-08-25 | 1972-04-25 | Du Pont | Hologram recording in photopolymerizable layers |
AU488652B2 (en) * | 1973-09-26 | 1976-04-01 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Improvements in or relating to security tokens |
US4215170A (en) * | 1978-02-28 | 1980-07-29 | Eurographics Holding, N. V. | Metallization process |
US4250209A (en) * | 1978-05-10 | 1981-02-10 | Lurex B.V. | Transfer metallizing process and product produced thereby |
US4250217A (en) * | 1975-11-17 | 1981-02-10 | Lgz Landis & Gyr Zug Ag | Documents embossed with machine-readable information by means of an embossing foil |
US4310591A (en) * | 1979-01-30 | 1982-01-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Security paper from film-fibril sheets |
US4313984A (en) * | 1978-12-30 | 1982-02-02 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Laminated identity card having separation-resistant laminae and method of manufacturing same |
US4352706A (en) * | 1981-08-31 | 1982-10-05 | Miller Lee H | Process for applying a metallic image in register to a document of value |
WO1983000653A1 (en) * | 1981-08-24 | 1983-03-03 | Solomon, David, Henry | Production of embossed thermoplastic sheets |
Family Cites Families (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3585113A (en) * | 1965-12-23 | 1971-06-15 | Rca Corp | Process for fabricating replicating masters |
US3565978A (en) * | 1967-09-11 | 1971-02-23 | Xerox Corp | Replication of surface deformation images |
US3552853A (en) * | 1968-07-01 | 1971-01-05 | Chain Lakes Res Assoc | Hologramic identification system |
US3619024A (en) * | 1969-09-29 | 1971-11-09 | Rca Corp | Packing of holotape |
JPS5835579A (en) * | 1981-08-28 | 1983-03-02 | Toppan Printing Co Ltd | Manufacture of reflection type hologram |
JPS5865466A (en) * | 1981-10-15 | 1983-04-19 | Dainippon Printing Co Ltd | Duplicating method for hologram |
-
1983
- 1983-12-12 US US06/560,747 patent/US4893887A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
1984
- 1984-12-10 JP JP59259433A patent/JPS60191284A/en active Pending
- 1984-12-11 EP EP84308594A patent/EP0145481A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (9)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3658526A (en) * | 1969-08-25 | 1972-04-25 | Du Pont | Hologram recording in photopolymerizable layers |
AU488652B2 (en) * | 1973-09-26 | 1976-04-01 | Commonwealth Scientific And Industrial Research Organisation | Improvements in or relating to security tokens |
US4250217A (en) * | 1975-11-17 | 1981-02-10 | Lgz Landis & Gyr Zug Ag | Documents embossed with machine-readable information by means of an embossing foil |
US4215170A (en) * | 1978-02-28 | 1980-07-29 | Eurographics Holding, N. V. | Metallization process |
US4250209A (en) * | 1978-05-10 | 1981-02-10 | Lurex B.V. | Transfer metallizing process and product produced thereby |
US4313984A (en) * | 1978-12-30 | 1982-02-02 | Hoechst Aktiengesellschaft | Laminated identity card having separation-resistant laminae and method of manufacturing same |
US4310591A (en) * | 1979-01-30 | 1982-01-12 | E. I. Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Security paper from film-fibril sheets |
WO1983000653A1 (en) * | 1981-08-24 | 1983-03-03 | Solomon, David, Henry | Production of embossed thermoplastic sheets |
US4352706A (en) * | 1981-08-31 | 1982-10-05 | Miller Lee H | Process for applying a metallic image in register to a document of value |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
Title |
---|
High Technology, vol. 4, No. 2, Aug. 1982, pp. 68 73. * |
High Technology, vol. 4, No. 2, Aug. 1982, pp. 68-73. |
Wall Street Journal, Jun. 30, 1982, p. 14. * |
Cited By (44)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5239396A (en) * | 1991-06-06 | 1993-08-24 | Thompson Marion E | Safety application of holographic material |
US5318816A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1994-06-07 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Laminated hologram decals for identification cards and the like |
US5401346A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1995-03-28 | Hughes Aircraft Company | Laminated hologram decals for identification cards and the like |
US20050235606A1 (en) * | 1994-01-07 | 2005-10-27 | Weder Donald E | Floral grouping wrapper having a holographic design and methods of use |
US20060254215A1 (en) * | 1994-01-07 | 2006-11-16 | Weder Donald E | Methods for wrapping a floral grouping with a wrapper having a holographic design |
US5464690A (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 1995-11-07 | Novavision, Inc. | Holographic document and method for forming |
US5643678A (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 1997-07-01 | Novavision, Inc. | Holographic film and method for forming |
US5674580A (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 1997-10-07 | Novavision, Inc. | Plastic foil for hot leaf stamping and method for forming |
US5810957A (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 1998-09-22 | Novavision, Inc. | Method for forming holographic foil |
US5753349A (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 1998-05-19 | Novavision, Inc. | Document having security image and composite sheet and method for forming |
US5759683A (en) * | 1994-04-04 | 1998-06-02 | Novavision, Inc. | Holographic document with holographic image or diffraction pattern directly embossed thereon |
GB2300379B (en) * | 1995-04-05 | 1998-09-09 | Applied Holographics | Application of diffractive elements to substrates |
GB2300379A (en) * | 1995-04-05 | 1996-11-06 | Applied Holographics | Application to substrates of elements or films which have a surface relief pattern providing an optically variable effect |
US5724161A (en) * | 1995-09-29 | 1998-03-03 | Delco Electronics Corp. | Holographic information display for exterior vehicle application |
US5922455A (en) * | 1996-06-04 | 1999-07-13 | Hampshire Holographic Manufacturing Corp. | Holographically enhanced wrapping elements |
US5762573A (en) * | 1996-06-13 | 1998-06-09 | Lisco, Inc. | Game ball with a hologram image |
US5902436A (en) * | 1996-07-09 | 1999-05-11 | Hampshire Holographic Manufacturing Corp. | Method for transferring a metallized holographic image |
WO1998008681A1 (en) * | 1996-08-26 | 1998-03-05 | Tomas Meinen | Process and device for manufacturing id cards |
US5871608A (en) * | 1997-03-27 | 1999-02-16 | Hampshire Holographic Manufacturing Corp. | Method for transferring a metallized holographic image |
US6574918B2 (en) | 1998-02-10 | 2003-06-10 | Southpac Trust International, Inc. | Floral wrapper having printed design with shaded and highlighted areas |
US20060032134A1 (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 2006-02-16 | Weder Donald E | Potted plant package having printed design with shaded and highlighted areas |
US7000349B2 (en) | 1998-02-10 | 2006-02-21 | William M.Weder And William F. Straeter | Floral wrapper having printed design with shaded and highlighted areas |
US6442894B2 (en) | 1998-02-10 | 2002-09-03 | Southpac Trust International, Inc. | Floral wrapper having printed design with shaded and highlighted areas |
US6986223B2 (en) | 1998-02-10 | 2006-01-17 | Wanda M. Weder and William F. Straeter, not individually but solely as Trustees of The Family Trust U/T/A dated December 8, 1995 | Floral wrapper having printed design with shaded and highlighted areas |
US20040194379A1 (en) * | 1998-02-10 | 2004-10-07 | Weder Donald E. | Floral wrapper having printed design with shaded and highlighted areas |
US6708447B2 (en) | 1998-02-10 | 2004-03-23 | Southpac Trust International, Inc. | Floral wrapper having printed design with shaded and highlighted areas |
US6381924B1 (en) | 1999-08-13 | 2002-05-07 | Southpac Trust International, Inc. | Floral wrapper having printed design with shaded and highlighted areas |
WO2001015122A2 (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2001-03-01 | Bautista Perez Salazar Ramon | Removable security optical coating placed on a printed surface and/or product containing such coating |
WO2001015122A3 (en) * | 1999-08-24 | 2001-07-19 | Bautista Perez Salazar Ramon | Removable security optical coating placed on a printed surface and/or product containing such coating |
US6497778B1 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2002-12-24 | Novavision, Inc. | Method for making holographic foil |
US6638386B2 (en) | 2000-04-19 | 2003-10-28 | Novavision, Inc. | Method for making holographic foil |
US7727678B2 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2010-06-01 | Tesa Scribos Gmbh | Holographic data memory |
US20030165746A1 (en) * | 2000-08-11 | 2003-09-04 | Stefan Stadler | Holographic data memory |
US10607883B2 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2020-03-31 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor device and method of manufacturing the same |
US20170207114A1 (en) * | 2001-10-30 | 2017-07-20 | Semiconductor Energy Laboratory Co., Ltd. | Semiconductor Device and Method of Manufacturing the Same |
KR100482181B1 (en) * | 2002-02-26 | 2005-04-13 | 롯데알미늄 주식회사 | Transcript Film for Hologram and Method for Producing the same |
US20050082697A1 (en) * | 2003-10-15 | 2005-04-21 | Klaser Technology Inc. | Solvent-resisting holographic film and manufacture thereof |
US20050186400A1 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2005-08-25 | Vladek Kasperchik | Durable printed composite materials and associated methods |
US8252409B2 (en) * | 2004-02-19 | 2012-08-28 | Hewlett-Packard Development Company, L.P. | Durable printed composite materials and associated methods |
US20060154050A1 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2006-07-13 | Toray Plastics (America), Inc., A Corporation Of Rhode Island | Holographic transfer thermoplastic sheet |
WO2005116756A3 (en) * | 2004-05-18 | 2006-12-21 | Toray Plastics America Inc | Holographic transfer thermoplastic sheet |
US20060194024A1 (en) * | 2005-02-28 | 2006-08-31 | Tefco Aomori Co., Ltd. | Decorative pattern and production method therefor |
KR100815474B1 (en) | 2007-02-20 | 2008-03-20 | 주식회사 라임텍 | A method for implementing hologram in aluminium plate |
US20090229206A1 (en) * | 2008-03-11 | 2009-09-17 | Daniel Christman | Decorative holographic tile |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
EP0145481A3 (en) | 1987-04-15 |
EP0145481A2 (en) | 1985-06-19 |
JPS60191284A (en) | 1985-09-28 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
US4893887A (en) | Holographic image transfer process | |
US4758296A (en) | Method of fabricating surface relief holograms | |
US5948199A (en) | Surface relief holograms and holographic hot-stamping foils, and method of fabricating same | |
CA2545263C (en) | Security printing using a diffraction grating | |
US5753349A (en) | Document having security image and composite sheet and method for forming | |
US6294241B1 (en) | Security document and method of producing it | |
JP4565482B2 (en) | Hologram laminate and hologram label | |
EP0497555A1 (en) | Patterned reflective transfer foils and their use as recording materials | |
US5087510A (en) | Electrolessly deposited metal holograms | |
JP4678706B2 (en) | Volume hologram laminate and volume hologram label | |
CA2128789A1 (en) | Transfer method and device | |
JP2000047556A (en) | Production of article having light diffracting structure | |
JP2002358018A (en) | Hologram transfer foil | |
CN101137515A (en) | Holograms and hologram fabrication methods and apparatus | |
JP2000047555A (en) | Manufacture of article with light diffracting structure | |
US20030221769A1 (en) | Transfer casting of holographic images | |
WO1995027925A1 (en) | Protected relief patterns | |
JPH0531670Y2 (en) | ||
JP2000010482A (en) | Optical diffraction structure, optical diffraction structure transfer sheet and card with optical diffraction structure | |
JPS62222282A (en) | Preparation of hologram transferred foil | |
AU2011218746B2 (en) | Security printing using a diffraction grating | |
Newswanger | Mass Replication of Holograms and Diffraction Gratings by Embossing | |
JPH01263687A (en) | Volume hologram transfer sheet | |
JPH077238B2 (en) | Hologram and manufacturing method thereof | |
JP2002283774A (en) | Light diffracting structure transfer sheet and card excellent in post-workability and durability |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
AS | Assignment |
Owner name: E. I. DU PONT DE NEMOURS AND COMPANY, WILMINGTON, Free format text: ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST.;ASSIGNOR:COATES, DON M.;REEL/FRAME:004215/0454 Effective date: 19831205 |
|
FPAY | Fee payment |
Year of fee payment: 4 |
|
REMI | Maintenance fee reminder mailed | ||
LAPS | Lapse for failure to pay maintenance fees | ||
FP | Lapsed due to failure to pay maintenance fee |
Effective date: 19980121 |
|
STCH | Information on status: patent discontinuation |
Free format text: PATENT EXPIRED DUE TO NONPAYMENT OF MAINTENANCE FEES UNDER 37 CFR 1.362 |