US4955686A - Optical fiber crossconnect switch - Google Patents
Optical fiber crossconnect switch Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US4955686A US4955686A US07/367,909 US36790989A US4955686A US 4955686 A US4955686 A US 4955686A US 36790989 A US36790989 A US 36790989A US 4955686 A US4955686 A US 4955686A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- plate
- carrier
- optical fiber
- adapters
- walking beams
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/3502—Optical coupling means having switching means involving direct waveguide displacement, e.g. cantilever type waveguide displacement involving waveguide bending, or displacing an interposed waveguide between stationary waveguides
- G02B6/3508—Lateral or transverse displacement of the whole waveguides, e.g. by varying the distance between opposed waveguide ends, or by mutual lateral displacement of opposed waveguide ends
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/32—Optical coupling means having lens focusing means positioned between opposed fibre ends
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/26—Optical coupling means
- G02B6/35—Optical coupling means having switching means
- G02B6/354—Switching arrangements, i.e. number of input/output ports and interconnection types
- G02B6/3554—3D constellations, i.e. with switching elements and switched beams located in a volume
- G02B6/3556—NxM switch, i.e. regular arrays of switches elements of matrix type constellation
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G02—OPTICS
- G02B—OPTICAL ELEMENTS, SYSTEMS OR APPARATUS
- G02B6/00—Light guides; Structural details of arrangements comprising light guides and other optical elements, e.g. couplings
- G02B6/24—Coupling light guides
- G02B6/36—Mechanical coupling means
- G02B6/3616—Holders, macro size fixtures for mechanically holding or positioning fibres, e.g. on an optical bench
- G02B6/3624—Fibre head, e.g. fibre probe termination
Definitions
- This invention pertains generally to the field of fiber optic communications, and particularly to the field of true optical switching in which an output fiber carries the same light that entered the switch on an input fiber. Specifically, it pertains to an electromechanical n-by-n optical crosspoint matrix switch.
- Optical fibers have become a principal transport medium for carrying telecommunication signals from point to point.
- a fiber optic link has at its input end a modulated light source, usually a semiconductor laser diode, and at its output end a detector for the optical energy.
- Both of these terminating devices interface with electronic circuits that process the signals to and from the format used on the optical fiber link.
- Such formats are chosen to enable the link to carry wideband data and/or highly multiplexed electronic signals containing components from thousands of telephone users.
- a basic element is a two-by-two optical crossconnect switch employing guided waves in a planar waveguide on an electro-optic substrate such as lithium niobate. These may be cascaded to form an n-by-n crossconnect switch.
- a two-by-two optical crossconnect switch employing guided waves in a planar waveguide on an electro-optic substrate such as lithium niobate. These may be cascaded to form an n-by-n crossconnect switch.
- Integrated optical switch matrix for single-mode fiber networks "IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-18, No. 10 pp. 1759-1765, October 1982.
- this type of switch requires light on the input fiber to be polarized and efficiently coupled to the planar waveguides. Also, the switching is never complete, and signal crosstalk among the n inputs and n outputs degrades the device performance particularly when several switching stages are cascaded.
- Two optical crosspoint switches previously described do not switch light at all. (U.S. Pat. Nos. 4,074,142 and 4,381,881) They have n input and n output electrical signals that are selectively interconnected using light produced by internal light emitting diodes and detected by internal optical detectors. The light is used only to provide a signal path between all inputs and all outputs, the selection being accomplished by electrical gating means either at the light emitting diodes or at the detectors. The utility of both of these switches is limited.
- a true n-by-n optical crosspoint matrix switch has n fiber outputs each carrying the same light that entered at one of the n fiber inputs. The full optical spectral characteristics are thereby maintained although the polarization states may be modified.
- a similar prism of improved design was also used to construct a specific type of facilities switch for standby protection of eight laser transmitters (U.S. Pat. No. 4,634,239).
- Two other types of prisms may be used to construct true eight-by-eight optical crosspoint switches.
- J. Minowa et al. "Nonblocking 8 ⁇ 8 optical matrix switch for fiber optic communication," Electron Lett. 16, No. 11, pp. 422-423 1980; and R. Watanabe et al., "One by two optical switch using new type of pentagonal prism," Electron. Lett 16, No. 7, pp.
- the principal object of this invention is to provide a remotely controllable electromechanical fiber optic crossconnect matrix switch capable of connecting a multiplicity of input fibers to an equal number of output fibers in any combination.
- Another object is to provide an electromechanically operated patch panel that can join n input fibers each terminated by a standard connector with n output fibers each terminated by a standard connector device.
- a preferred embodiment is an eight-by-eight optical fiber crossconnect switch designed for use with expanded beam connectors.
- interconnecting n fiber circuits requires n adapters, and these are often mounted through a plate in a patch panel configuration.
- the n input fibers are each terminated in a connector, and the input fiber connectors are inserted into the adapters on one side of the patch panel plate and the n output fibers are each terminated in a connector and the output fiber connectors are inserted into the same n adapters on the other side of the plate.
- Any one of the n factorial possible interconnections may be achieved by rearranging the connectors on either side of the patch panel.
- an n-by-n array of adapters in n rows and n columns is mounted through a flat plate or integrally fabricated with the plate itself.
- input connectors are each repositionable along one row to any of n positions each in a different column
- output connectors are each repositionable along one column to any of n positions each in a different row.
- the connector repositioning motion is provided through a carrier into which the connector is mounted, and the repositioning motion consists of a withdrawal of the connector from one adapter hole in the flat plate, a lateral translation along its row or column, and a reinsertion of the connector into an adjacent adapter hole.
- a remotely controllable electromechanical system is utilized for the physical repositioning of the connectors on each side of the plate.
- FIG. 1 is a perspective view of the principal features of the preferred embodiment of an optical fiber crossconnect matrix switch, according to the invention
- FIG. 2 is a perspective view of the carrier translation means used in the crossconnect switch of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 3 is a perspective view of the repositioning carrier used in the crossconnect switch of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 4 is a front plan view of the cam retainer of the carrier translation means of FIG. 2;
- FIG. 5a is a cross-sectional view of the expanded beam connector lens assembly which may be used with the crossconnect switch of FIG. 1;
- FIG. 5b is a cross-sectional view of an expanded beam connector and repositioning carrier which may be used in the crossconnect switch of FIG. 1.
- the present invention pertains to an electromechanical n-by-n optical crosspoint matrix switch in which n input optical fibers each terminated in a standard connector device may be connected to n output optical fibers each terminated in a standard connector device through n adapters selected from an n by n matrix of adapters to provide true photonic switching.
- FIG. 1 A preferred embodiment of the present invention is shown in FIG. 1.
- the embodiment shown is an eight-by-eight optical fiber crossconnect switch designed for use with expanded beam connectors. It should be understood that different size arrays and different means of connecting optical fibers may be utilized without deviating from the invention.
- an 8-by-8 array of adapters 22 in n rows 20 and n columns 30 is mounted through a flat plate 10 or integrally fabricated with said plate 10.
- Plate 10 is mounted in a frame 11 having side walls extending above and below plate 10, as well as beyond plate 10 in all directions
- n input connectors (not shown) are repositionable along one row 20 to any of n positions, each in a different column 30, while on a second side of said plate 10, (not visible in FIG. 1)
- n output connectors are each repositionable along any one column 30 to any of n positions each in a different row 20.
- the adapters are illustrated and described as adapter holes, since the details of the optics within the adapter holes depend on the type of connector to be repositioned (see FIG. 5b and infra).
- the means to reposition a connector is shown for only one row, and the optical fiber terminated in the connector is shown in FIG. 5b only.
- one optical connector (FIGS. 5a, 5b) is mounted through vertical hole 15 in one repositioning carrier 12 shown positioned above an adapter hole 22 in plate 10, located in the third row 23 and fourth column 34 of the eight rows and columns of adapter holes 22 in plate 10.
- the eighth row 20 and eighth column 30 are not visible in FIG. 1.
- Carrier 12 can be repositioned to any of the eight adapter holes 22 in third row 23, and seven additional carriers (not shown) can each be repositioned to any of the eight adapter holes 22 in their respective rows 20.
- Surrounding each adapter hole 22 in each row are two smaller alignment holes 24. These accommodate two pins (FIG. 5b) protruding from the bottom of carrier 12 and align hole 15 and the connector passing therethrough with the adapter hole in plate 10.
- the reverse side of plate 10 (not shown) has the same array of adapter holes 22, but the eight connector carriers being repositioned thereon are turned parallel to the columns 30 and can be repositioned to any of the eight adapter holes 22 in their respective columns 30.
- Also surrounding each adapter hole 22 in each column 30 are two smaller alignment holes 26 which accommodate alignment pins 86, 87 (see FIG. 5b) on the carriers being repositioned on the reverse side of plate 10.
- each connector carrier is lifted from contact with plate 10, translated, and then lowered back into contact with plate 10 by a pair of narrow walking beams 41 and 42 shown in proximity with connector carrier 12 in FIG. 2.
- the pair of walking beams 41, 42 extend through rectangular slots 16, 17, 18, and 19 in frame 11 and are held rigidly parallel at their ends by cam retainers 51 and 52 which are located outside frame 11. These cam retainers 51, 52 cause walking beams 41 and 42 to move in a circular motion truncated by the vertical constraint imposed by the limited heights of rectangular slots 16, 17, 18, and 19.
- Each connector carrier 12 fits between its pair of walking beams 41, 42 and is held in position by two cross feet 43 and 44 as shown in detail in FIG. 3.
- FIGS. 2 and 4 illustrate the repositioning mechanism for carrier 12. Both figures show a circular cam 53, 54 in cam retainers 51, 52, respectively. As circular cams 53 and 54 within cam retainers 51 and 52 rotate clockwise, beams 41 and 42 first slide to the left, then rise so that V groove pairs 55 and 56 on walking beams 41, 42 engage pins 45 and 46 on carrier 12 and lift carrier 12 away from plate 10. Then the beams reach their vertical limit imposed by the heights of rectangular slots 16, 17, 18, and 19, the alignment pins 84, 85 on carrier 12 and the expanded beam optical connector 120 (FIG. 5b) within carrier 12 are disengaged from plate 10, its alignment holes 24, and the adapter hole 22.
- carrier 12 is translated to the right along row 23 and lowered into contact with plate 10 to reengage its alignment pins 84, 85, thereby repositioning the optical connector 120 in an adjacent adapter hole 22.
- beams 41 and 42 slide to the left to their nominal positions and press cross feet 43 and 44 down against plate 10.
- one full counterclockwise rotation of the cams 53, 54 within each cam retainer 51, 52 will reposition carrier 12 at the oppositely adjacent adapter hole 22 in plate 10.
- cam retainer 51 are two disks 65 and 66 pressed against cam 53 by springs 67 and 68 which are held within cam retainer 51 by pins 69 and 70. These cause cam retainer 51 to also move up and down as cam 53 rotates, but permits the vertical component of the otherwise circular motion to be truncated as the movement of beams 41 and 42 is limited by rectangular slots 16, 17, 18, and 19.
- each of the eight expanded beam connector carriers 12 on the top side of plate 10 would be similarly repositioned by a pair of walking beams moved by a pair of cams within cam retainers.
- the thickness of these cams is one eighth their spacing along their shaft.
- the pins 73 through shaft 60 are offset by differing amounts at each cam such that a single cam may be selected by appropriately translating the shaft 60 along its axis.
- the repositioning of an expanded beam connector carrier 12 in its row is accomplished by translating the pair of shafts 60 and 61 together to engage cams 53 and 54 at the selected row 20, and then rotating the two shafts one revolution either clockwise to move the carrier 12 to the right, or counterclockwise to move it to the left.
- the two linear and two rotary actuators required to reposition the optical connector carriers on both sides of this optical fiber crossconnect switch are connected to a microcontroller which accepts switching commands from an external source and determines the appropriate sequence of actuator operations to arrive at the desired optical interconnections.
- FIG. 5b there is shown a cross-sectional view of connector carrier 12 on the top side of plate 10 and an identical connector carrier 82 on the bottom side.
- Alignment pins 84 and 85 are tapered near their ends to allow them to center into and penetrate alignment holes 86 and 87 (24 in FIG. 1) which lie between adjacent adapter holes 22 along row 23 of FIG. 1.
- Similar alignment pins on connector carrier 82 are not shown because it is oriented in a perpendicular position along column 34 of FIG.
- Cylindrical metal sleeve 96 has a rim 97 at its top against which spring 93 presses lens 94 into firm contact with its mating lens 95.
- Cleaved optical fiber 99 is brought into detent 115 by glass ferrule 101 cemented into the rear conical surface 116 (FIG. 5a). There it is precisely located at the focal point of lens surface 112 and optically coupled by a small volume of refractive index matching gel (not shown) between the cleaved end surface of fiber 99 and the bottom of the indent.
- connector carriers 12 and 82 can be designed to accommodate other fiber optic connectors including butt types, by making the adapter holes in plate 10 sufficiently precise to insure efficient optical energy transfer.
- optical fiber crossconnect switch of the present invention does not introduce any additional optical loss beyond that normally associated with the mating of the pair of connectors with which it is used.
- This optical crossconnect switch is insensitive to the polarization state of the optical signals on the fibers being switched, and the switch crosstalk is essentially zero.
- Another feature of the invention is that the electromechanical cross connection of n input and n output fiber optic connectors through adapters is achieved such that the fibers cannot become entangled after multiple reconfigurations.
- a further feature is that this nonblocking electromechanical fiber optic crossconnect switch allows all possible interconnections between fibers terminated in standard connectors.
Abstract
Description
Claims (16)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US07/367,909 US4955686A (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1989-06-16 | Optical fiber crossconnect switch |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/367,909 US4955686A (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1989-06-16 | Optical fiber crossconnect switch |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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US4955686A true US4955686A (en) | 1990-09-11 |
Family
ID=23449116
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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US07/367,909 Expired - Lifetime US4955686A (en) | 1989-06-16 | 1989-06-16 | Optical fiber crossconnect switch |
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US (1) | US4955686A (en) |
Cited By (20)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0558025A1 (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1993-09-01 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited | Optical fiber switching device and method |
US5255332A (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1993-10-19 | Sdl, Inc. | NxN Optical crossbar switch matrix |
US5337378A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1994-08-09 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber switch including partitions for restricting surplus fibers |
EP0631165A1 (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1994-12-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited | Transmission line switching apparatus and method |
US5581644A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1996-12-03 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Transmission line switching apparatus |
WO1998044377A1 (en) * | 1997-04-02 | 1998-10-08 | INSTITUT FüR MIKROTECHNIK MAINZ GMBH | Matrix switch |
US6307983B1 (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2001-10-23 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | Robotic optical cross-connect |
US6363183B1 (en) | 2000-01-04 | 2002-03-26 | Seungug Koh | Reconfigurable and scalable intergrated optic waveguide add/drop multiplexing element using micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems and methods of fabricating thereof |
EP1233286A2 (en) * | 2001-02-13 | 2002-08-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Moulded lens element with reference surface |
US6561827B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2003-05-13 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Apparatus for interconnecting multiple nodes |
US20040264847A1 (en) * | 2000-08-04 | 2004-12-30 | Seungug Koh | Micro-opto-electro-mechanical waveguide switches |
US6859575B1 (en) | 2000-11-27 | 2005-02-22 | Sarandon (2003) Ltd. | Self aligning opto-mechanical crossbar switch |
EP2439567A1 (en) | 2010-10-11 | 2012-04-11 | Teliswitch Solutions Ltd. | Mechanical optical switch |
CN103698861A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-02 | 浙江电力电子技术公司 | Optical fiber jointing plate |
US20160170150A1 (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2016-06-16 | State Grid Corporation Of China (Sgcc) | Optical fiber core butting apparatus |
US20160274307A1 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-22 | Nu Visions International, Inc. | Mechanical Fiber Switch |
US10078185B2 (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2018-09-18 | Nu Visions International, Inc. | Mechanical fiber switch |
US11005000B2 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2021-05-11 | Avago Technologies International Sales Pte. Limited | Connector for photonic device |
US11340402B2 (en) * | 2014-12-14 | 2022-05-24 | Telescent Inc. | High reliability robotic cross-connect systems |
US11953731B2 (en) | 2022-04-11 | 2024-04-09 | Telescent Inc. | High reliability robotic cross-connect systems |
Citations (5)
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JPS5329223A (en) * | 1976-08-31 | 1978-03-18 | Tdk Corp | Permanent magnet material |
JPS55159402A (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1980-12-11 | Fujitsu Ltd | Full mirror type channel-connecting photo switch having photo detector |
JPS62125995A (en) * | 1985-11-26 | 1987-06-08 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Small size ship |
GB2200222A (en) * | 1983-03-02 | 1988-07-27 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Optical switch |
US4830444A (en) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-05-16 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical switch |
-
1989
- 1989-06-16 US US07/367,909 patent/US4955686A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (5)
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JPS5329223A (en) * | 1976-08-31 | 1978-03-18 | Tdk Corp | Permanent magnet material |
JPS55159402A (en) * | 1979-05-31 | 1980-12-11 | Fujitsu Ltd | Full mirror type channel-connecting photo switch having photo detector |
GB2200222A (en) * | 1983-03-02 | 1988-07-27 | Standard Telephones Cables Ltd | Optical switch |
JPS62125995A (en) * | 1985-11-26 | 1987-06-08 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Small size ship |
US4830444A (en) * | 1987-12-31 | 1989-05-16 | American Telephone And Telegraph Company, At&T Bell Laboratories | Optical switch |
Cited By (34)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5613021A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1997-03-18 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber switching device having one of a robot mechanism and an optical fiber length adjustment unit |
EP0558025A1 (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1993-09-01 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited | Optical fiber switching device and method |
US5386485A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1995-01-31 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber switching device having an optical fiber length adjustment unit and method for using the same |
US5661826A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1997-08-26 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Transmission line switching apparatus |
AU661891B2 (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1995-08-10 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corporation | Optical fiber switching device and method |
US5504825A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1996-04-02 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber switching device and method |
US5581644A (en) * | 1992-02-26 | 1996-12-03 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Transmission line switching apparatus |
US5337378A (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1994-08-09 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Optical fiber switch including partitions for restricting surplus fibers |
AU662217B2 (en) * | 1992-04-23 | 1995-08-24 | Nippon Telegraph & Telephone Corporation | Optical matrix switch |
US5255332A (en) * | 1992-07-16 | 1993-10-19 | Sdl, Inc. | NxN Optical crossbar switch matrix |
US5436987A (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1995-07-25 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Ltd. | Transmission line switching apparatus including connected optical fibers |
EP0631165A1 (en) * | 1993-05-10 | 1994-12-28 | Sumitomo Electric Industries, Limited | Transmission line switching apparatus and method |
WO1998044377A1 (en) * | 1997-04-02 | 1998-10-08 | INSTITUT FüR MIKROTECHNIK MAINZ GMBH | Matrix switch |
US6256429B1 (en) | 1997-04-02 | 2001-07-03 | Institut Fur Mikrotechnik Mainz Gmbh | Matrix switch |
US6363183B1 (en) | 2000-01-04 | 2002-03-26 | Seungug Koh | Reconfigurable and scalable intergrated optic waveguide add/drop multiplexing element using micro-opto-electro-mechanical systems and methods of fabricating thereof |
US6307983B1 (en) | 2000-02-01 | 2001-10-23 | Lucent Technologies, Inc. | Robotic optical cross-connect |
US7085445B2 (en) | 2000-08-04 | 2006-08-01 | Seungug Koh | Micro-opto-electro-mechanical waveguide switches |
US20040264847A1 (en) * | 2000-08-04 | 2004-12-30 | Seungug Koh | Micro-opto-electro-mechanical waveguide switches |
US6859575B1 (en) | 2000-11-27 | 2005-02-22 | Sarandon (2003) Ltd. | Self aligning opto-mechanical crossbar switch |
US6561827B2 (en) * | 2000-12-18 | 2003-05-13 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Apparatus for interconnecting multiple nodes |
EP1233286A2 (en) * | 2001-02-13 | 2002-08-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Moulded lens element with reference surface |
EP1233286A3 (en) * | 2001-02-13 | 2004-01-21 | Eastman Kodak Company | Moulded lens element with reference surface |
EP2439567A1 (en) | 2010-10-11 | 2012-04-11 | Teliswitch Solutions Ltd. | Mechanical optical switch |
US20160170150A1 (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2016-06-16 | State Grid Corporation Of China (Sgcc) | Optical fiber core butting apparatus |
US9703049B2 (en) * | 2013-08-02 | 2017-07-11 | State Grid Corporation Of China (Sgcc) | Optical fiber core butting apparatus |
US11005000B2 (en) * | 2013-12-09 | 2021-05-11 | Avago Technologies International Sales Pte. Limited | Connector for photonic device |
CN103698861B (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2015-03-25 | 宁波市樱铭电子科技有限公司 | Optical fiber jointing plate |
CN103698861A (en) * | 2013-12-30 | 2014-04-02 | 浙江电力电子技术公司 | Optical fiber jointing plate |
US11340402B2 (en) * | 2014-12-14 | 2022-05-24 | Telescent Inc. | High reliability robotic cross-connect systems |
EP4336232A2 (en) | 2014-12-14 | 2024-03-13 | Telescent Inc. | High reliability robotic cross-connect systems |
US20160274307A1 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2016-09-22 | Nu Visions International, Inc. | Mechanical Fiber Switch |
US9880358B2 (en) * | 2015-03-17 | 2018-01-30 | Nu Visions International, Inc. | Mechanical fiber switch |
US10078185B2 (en) * | 2016-03-17 | 2018-09-18 | Nu Visions International, Inc. | Mechanical fiber switch |
US11953731B2 (en) | 2022-04-11 | 2024-04-09 | Telescent Inc. | High reliability robotic cross-connect systems |
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