US499542A - Method of and apparatus for manufacturing pills - Google Patents
Method of and apparatus for manufacturing pills Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US499542A US499542A US499542DA US499542A US 499542 A US499542 A US 499542A US 499542D A US499542D A US 499542DA US 499542 A US499542 A US 499542A
- Authority
- US
- United States
- Prior art keywords
- pills
- gelatine
- tablets
- coating
- coated
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 239000006187 pill Substances 0.000 title description 118
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 title description 18
- 239000001828 Gelatine Substances 0.000 description 82
- 229920000159 gelatin Polymers 0.000 description 82
- 235000019322 gelatine Nutrition 0.000 description 82
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 36
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 36
- 229940023488 Pill Drugs 0.000 description 16
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 12
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 12
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 12
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 description 4
- 125000000998 L-alanino group Chemical group [H]N([*])[C@](C([H])([H])[H])([H])C(=O)O[H] 0.000 description 2
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000003814 drug Substances 0.000 description 2
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005484 gravity Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000630 rising Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000002459 sustained Effects 0.000 description 2
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01J—CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROCESSES, e.g. CATALYSIS OR COLLOID CHEMISTRY; THEIR RELEVANT APPARATUS
- B01J2/00—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic
- B01J2/20—Processes or devices for granulating materials, e.g. fertilisers in general; Rendering particulate materials free flowing in general, e.g. making them hydrophobic by expressing the material, e.g. through sieves and fragmenting the extruded length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01P—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO STRUCTURAL AND PHYSICAL ASPECTS OF SOLID INORGANIC COMPOUNDS
- C01P2004/00—Particle morphology
- C01P2004/30—Particle morphology extending in three dimensions
- C01P2004/32—Spheres
Definitions
- Figure l is a perspective view of the apparatus for coating the pills
- Fig. 2 a perspective View of aremovable tray, placed in the gelatine receptacle, and serving to remove the pills from the bath without excess of gelatine
- Fig. 3 a view illustrating the manner of dropping the pills through space in order to effect an even distribution of the gelatine, and to cause the gelatine to set
- Fig. 4 a perspective view of the drying box or chamber in which the gelatine coating is dried and hardened
- Fig. 5 a perspective view of apparatus suitable for crushing or breakingdown the body of the pill, or the excipient within the gelatine shell.
- a properly medicated excipient constituting a mass sufficiently firm to mold into proper shape is formed into pills or tablets either by rolling, or by a pill or tablet machine.
- the pills or tablets thus formed are impaled on needles and dipped into a solution of gelatine, which forms a coating upon their surfaces at all points except where the needles enter. At this point, however, the pills are uncoated
- the operation is, moreover, slow and tedious, and the result is not wholly satisfactory.
- perforated tubes are brought into contact with the uncoated pills, and, the air being exhausted from the tubes by suitable means, the pills are held against the tubes and over theperforations therein. While thus held the pills are dippedinto gelatine sufficiently to coat one half of each, after which the operation is repeated and the other half is coated.
- the holes left by the needles under the first plan are avoided; but the operation is comparatively slow,requires rehandling of the pills, and produces a somewhat uneven coating.
- my process consists in immersing the uncoated pills in a bath of suitably prepared gelatine, which forms the coating mixture; then quickly removing the pills by a suitable contrivance, from the coating bath; then dropping the coated pills from a suitable height through space; and finally drying the pills.
- the immersion effects a complete coating of each pill; the falling through space causes an even distribution of the fluid gelatine over the entire surface, the gelatine setting as the pills fall through the air; and the final drying hardensthe gelatine to the required degree.
- the uncoated pills or tablets may be prepared by means of an ordinary pill machine or tablet machine, without excipient, if preferred, and need only be compressed sufficiently to enable them to be handled convenientlyin performing the coating operations. I am therefore enabled to produce as a finished product, gelatine coated pills or tablets of uniform shape and coating, with or without excipient.
- the contents of the gelatine shell or envelope be in the form of apowder, a result hitherto unattained, so far as I am aware.
- the contents may be restored to their original pulverulent form without affecting the shape or impairing the integrity of the coating or envelope.
- Atray, F of wire gauze, or other foraminous material
- openings in which are too small to permit the pills or tablets to fall through them, but large enough to permit the escape of any excess of gelatine when the tray is lifted out to remove the pills or tablets from the bath.
- G indicates a vertical shaft or well-way, of 3 suitable length and area, through which the coated pills or tablets are caused to fall.
- the pills are received at the bottom of the shaft in a box or receptacle H, advisably containing a more or less viscid fluid, such as a heavy oil, into which the pills fall without rebounding, and in which they float or remain partially suspended owing to the substantially like specific gravity of the coated pills and l the oil.
- the oil is subsequently cut and removed by alcohol or equivalent agent.
- the gelatine, though set, is now tough and elastic, and the pills in this condition may be subjected to pressure and manipulation sufficient to reduce the contents of the shells or envelopes,that is to say, the medicine or medicated excipient as the case may be, to a powdered state.
- the pills or tablets may pass by a second board or chute c to a second pair of rollers 01, and if deemed expedient, to other rolls in succession, and finally into a suitable receptacle.
- This step in the process maybe omitted if not deemed desirable in any particular nstance.
- the pills or tablets are taken either (11- rectly from the receptacle H, or after being operated upon by the apparatus I, to a drying chamber J of ordinary construction; or they may be dried in the open air. It is advantageous, however, to employ a drying chamber or box J,in which the pills are placed upon trays e, of netting, and through whlch a current of dry warm air is forced by a fan, blower, or other usual means.
- a perforated board located above the same and adapted to hold apart pills or tablets to be coated; and a removable board or bottom beneath said perforated board, for releasing the pills or tablets and permitting them to fall into the tank or vat.
Description
(No Model.) A 2 Sheets-8heet 1. S. E. HEINEMANB METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PILLS.
No. 499,542. Patented June 13, 1893.
SOLOMON E. HE/NEMAN,
' fizz/671,501",
(No Model.) 2 Sheets-Sheet 2.
S. E. HEINEMAN. METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTURING PILLS.
No. 499,542. Patented June 13, 1893.
Vfwnesses: SOLOMON 5. Hf/NEMAN,
Q Z #ZUenZ-m; ala 61 i 6/ m: NORRIS PErERsJIS. momu'rmz. wnsmnmcai. u c.
UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.
SOLOMON E. HEINEMAN, OF DETROIT, MICHIGAN.
METHOD OF AND APPARATUS FOR MANUFACTUFHNG PILLS.
SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 499,542, dated June 13, 1893.
Applicationfiled December 29, 1892. Serial No.456.696. (No model.)
To all whom it may concern:
l 3eit known that I, SOLOMON E. HEINEMAN, a c tizen of the United States, residing at De-{ troit, in thecounty of \Vayne and State of tine coated pills, tablets, &c., and has for its object the rapid production of such articles with uniform and perfect coatings throughout.
In the drawings,Figure l is a perspective view of the apparatus for coating the pills; Fig. 2, a perspective View of aremovable tray, placed in the gelatine receptacle, and serving to remove the pills from the bath without excess of gelatine; Fig. 3, a view illustrating the manner of dropping the pills through space in order to effect an even distribution of the gelatine, and to cause the gelatine to set; Fig. 4, a perspective view of the drying box or chamber in which the gelatine coating is dried and hardened; and Fig. 5,a perspective view of apparatus suitable for crushing or breakingdown the body of the pill, or the excipient within the gelatine shell.
The apparatus above illustrated is merely given as one of many types suitable to the purpose,it being understood that the entire method or process can be carried out without special appliances,though not so economically as with a completely organized apparatus such as shown and described herein.
For the purpose of more clearly distinguishing my invention from existing plans, I shall briefly state the two modes commonly practiced in the manufacture of gelatine coated .pills, tablets &c.
Under one plan, a properly medicated excipient constituting a mass sufficiently firm to mold into proper shape is formed into pills or tablets either by rolling, or by a pill or tablet machine. The pills or tablets thus formed are impaled on needles and dipped into a solution of gelatine, which forms a coating upon their surfaces at all points except where the needles enter. At this point, however, the pills are uncoated The operation is, moreover, slow and tedious, and the result is not wholly satisfactory.
Under the second of the plans referred to, perforated tubes are brought into contact with the uncoated pills, and, the air being exhausted from the tubes by suitable means, the pills are held against the tubes and over theperforations therein. While thus held the pills are dippedinto gelatine sufficiently to coat one half of each, after which the operation is repeated and the other half is coated. By this latter plan the holes left by the needles under the first plan, are avoided; but the operation is comparatively slow,requires rehandling of the pills, and produces a somewhat uneven coating.
Briefly stated, my process consists in immersing the uncoated pills in a bath of suitably prepared gelatine, which forms the coating mixture; then quickly removing the pills by a suitable contrivance, from the coating bath; then dropping the coated pills from a suitable height through space; and finally drying the pills. The immersion effects a complete coating of each pill; the falling through space causes an even distribution of the fluid gelatine over the entire surface, the gelatine setting as the pills fall through the air; and the final drying hardensthe gelatine to the required degree.
The uncoated pills or tablets may be prepared by means of an ordinary pill machine or tablet machine, without excipient, if preferred, and need only be compressed sufficiently to enable them to be handled convenientlyin performing the coating operations. I am therefore enabled to produce as a finished product, gelatine coated pills or tablets of uniform shape and coating, with or without excipient.
It is sometimes desirable that the contents of the gelatine shell or envelope be in the form of apowder, a result hitherto unattained, so far as I am aware.
By subjecting the pills or tablets to slight pressure after the gelatine coating is applied and has become set, but before it has become dry and hard, or in other words, while the coating is still pliable and elastic, the contents may be restored to their original pulverulent form without affecting the shape or impairing the integrity of the coating or envelope.
As above stated, the various steps in the coating of the pills or tablets may be carried out without specially constructed apparatus; but in manufacturing on a commercial scale, and to insure the most perfect results, it will be found advisable to employ apparatus embodying the essential features of that represented in the drawings, wherein-- A indicates a tank or vat to contain gelatine,which maybe maintained in proper fluid condition by the heat of a gas burner B or otherwise. Rising from the tank A is a framework O, designed to support a tray or perforated board D, which is furnished with a removable bottom board or slide E. The cells or perforations of the tray are advisably made of a size to freely accommodate one pill or tablet each, but not more than one, so that the pills or tablets shall be separated, and
shall fall freely and separately into the gelatine bath when the bottom board or slide Eis withdrawn.
Within the tank or vat A, and sustained therein by hooks or hangers a, is atray, F, of wire gauze, or other foraminous material, the
openings in which are too small to permit the pills or tablets to fall through them, but large enough to permit the escape of any excess of gelatine when the tray is lifted out to remove the pills or tablets from the bath.
G indicates a vertical shaft or well-way, of 3 suitable length and area, through which the coated pills or tablets are caused to fall. To
effect such fall without collision or interference of the pills or tablets, care should be 5 taken to quickly and squarely invert the tray j. F over the shaft or well-way, as indicated in 5 Fig. 3. In descending, the pills rotate, and the axis of rotation changes frequently.
ciently set to prevent the pills from adhering to one another, or from beinginjured by handling. The pills are received at the bottom of the shaft in a box or receptacle H, advisably containing a more or less viscid fluid, such as a heavy oil, into which the pills fall without rebounding, and in which they float or remain partially suspended owing to the substantially like specific gravity of the coated pills and l the oil. The oil is subsequently cut and removed by alcohol or equivalent agent. The gelatine, though set, is now tough and elastic, and the pills in this condition may be subjected to pressure and manipulation sufficient to reduce the contents of the shells or envelopes,that is to say, the medicine or medicated excipient as the case may be, to a powdered state. The requisite pressure or ma- Hence the gelatine coating, still quite fluid, is distributed with great uniformity over the entire surface of each pill, and before the bottom of the shaft is reached the gelatine becomes suffithey are delivered upon an inclined board o, over which they roll down to the bite or line of nearest approach of a pair of rollers d, suitably adjusted to give a proper degree of pressure. By giving the rollers a slightly dliferential speed, or by rotating them in reverse directions, a rolling as well as a pressing action will be produced, which will be highly conducive to the loosening and separation of the particles of matter constituting the body of the pill or tablet. From the rollers d the pills or tablets may pass by a second board or chute c to a second pair of rollers 01, and if deemed expedient, to other rolls in succession, and finally into a suitable receptacle. This step in the process maybe omitted if not deemed desirable in any particular nstance.
The pills or tablets are taken either (11- rectly from the receptacle H, or after being operated upon by the apparatus I, to a drying chamber J of ordinary construction; or they may be dried in the open air. It is advantageous, however, to employ a drying chamber or box J,in which the pills are placed upon trays e, of netting, and through whlch a current of dry warm air is forced by a fan, blower, or other usual means.
With the aid of apparatus of the character herein described, I am enabled to produce pills and tablets having a perfect and remarkable uniform gelatine coating, cheaply and expeditiously,the friable mass within the gelatine shells or envelopes belng broken down or left in a solid mass as preferred.
In speaking of a well-way or shaft, I do not mean to restrict myself to a closely walled shaft or space, as all that is essential 1s a suificiently elevated support from which to drop the pills or tablets through space; but a close-walled shaft-is preferable in that t prevents interference by cross drafts or air currents.
No claim is herein made for the pills or tablets produced by the above described method and apparatus, but such claims are reserved for a separate application.
Having thus described my inventlon, what I claim isl. The herein-described method of manufacturing gelatine -coated pills and tablets, which consists in, first, making up a med1cat-ed mass or body of suitable form and size; second, immersing said body in a properly prepared gelatine bath; third, removlng the coated body from the bath; fourth, causing said body to fall through space, thereby effecting the even distribution and setting of the gelatine; fifth, receiving the body in a suitable receptacle; sixth, subjecting the coated body to pressure to break down the contents of the shell or envelope; and lastly,
pared gelatine bath; third, removing the coated body from the bath; fourth, causing said body to fall through space, thereby effecting the even distribution and setting of the gelatine; fifth, receiving the body in a suitable receptacle; and lastly, drying the pill or tablet.
3. The method of coating pills and tablets wlt-hgelatine, which consists in totally immersing them in a gelatine bath at a single operatlon and without contact with other body or support.
4 The method of effecting complete separatlon and immersion of pills in a gelatine bath, which consists in separating the pills one from another, and while thus separated, withdrawing their support and permitting them to fall into the gelatine bath.
5. In the process of manufacture of gelatine p lls and tablets, the following steps: first, coatlng the pills or tablets with gelatine in a fluid state, and second, causing the coated pills or tablets to fall through space, and thereby to effect the even distribution and setting of the gelatine.
6. In the process of manufacturing gelatlue-coated pills and tablets, the following steps: first, producing medicated pills orbodies of suitable form and size; second, covering the same with fluid gelatine; third,causing the coated bodies to fall through air a distance sufficient to elfect an even distribution and setting of the gelatine; and fourth, causing said bodies with the coating thus equalized and set, to fall into a liquid body; whereby they are prevented from rebounding, and from adhering one to another.
7. In the process of manufacture of gelatine pills and tablets, the steps, which consist in first coating them with gelatine,next permitting the gelatine to set; and, lastly, subjecting them to pressure after the gelatine has set but before it has become dry and hard.
8. In combination with a tank or vat, a perforated board located above the same and adapted to hold apart pills or tablets to be coated; and a removable board or bottom beneath said perforated board, for releasing the pills or tablets and permitting them to fall into the tank or vat. I
In witness whereof I hereunto set my hand in the presence of two witnesses.
SOLOMON E. HEINEMAN.
Witnesses:
DAVID E. HEINEMAN, JOSEPH M. WEISS.
Publications (1)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| US499542A true US499542A (en) | 1893-06-13 |
Family
ID=2568376
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| US499542D Expired - Lifetime US499542A (en) | Method of and apparatus for manufacturing pills |
Country Status (1)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US499542A (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2454718A (en) * | 1945-06-06 | 1948-11-23 | Russo Giuseppe | Lipstick holder |
| US5679406A (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1997-10-21 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Tablet dipping systems for apparatus for gelatin coating tablets |
| US5868846A (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 1999-02-09 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Vacuum nozzle assembly |
-
0
- US US499542D patent/US499542A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Cited By (4)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US2454718A (en) * | 1945-06-06 | 1948-11-23 | Russo Giuseppe | Lipstick holder |
| US5679406A (en) * | 1990-11-05 | 1997-10-21 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Tablet dipping systems for apparatus for gelatin coating tablets |
| US5868846A (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 1999-02-09 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Vacuum nozzle assembly |
| US6013306A (en) * | 1997-08-20 | 2000-01-11 | Mcneil-Ppc, Inc. | Vacuum nozzle assembly |
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