US5168242A - Active-type broadband power divider - Google Patents
Active-type broadband power divider Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5168242A US5168242A US07/794,968 US79496891A US5168242A US 5168242 A US5168242 A US 5168242A US 79496891 A US79496891 A US 79496891A US 5168242 A US5168242 A US 5168242A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- distributed
- capacitive coupling
- amplifiers
- power divider
- output signals
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- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/60—Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants, e.g. with waveguide resonators
- H03F3/602—Combinations of several amplifiers
- H03F3/604—Combinations of several amplifiers using FET's
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H03—ELECTRONIC CIRCUITRY
- H03F—AMPLIFIERS
- H03F3/00—Amplifiers with only discharge tubes or only semiconductor devices as amplifying elements
- H03F3/60—Amplifiers in which coupling networks have distributed constants, e.g. with waveguide resonators
- H03F3/605—Distributed amplifiers
- H03F3/607—Distributed amplifiers using FET's
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a power divider circuit, and particularly, to one capable of operation over a broad bandwidth with a 90 degree, 180 degree, or multiples thereof, phase difference between the divided signals.
- a power divider is a commonly used circuit in electronics. It is used to split a signal into a pair of signals identical to the original. Often, it is advantageous to introduce a phase shift between the divided signals. For example, phase shifts of 90 and 180 degrees are required for circuits such as phase shifters, vector modulators, mixers, and other networks.
- a major problem at RF and microwave frequencies is constructing a power divider that can maintain a constant 90 or 180 degrees of phase difference between the pair of divided signals over a broad bandwidth.
- Power dividers are of generally two classes: passive and active. Passive power dividers can be designed to work over octave bandwidths with acceptable phase and amplitude control. However, one of the drawbacks of passive divider circuits is signal loss. Additionally, the phase and amplitude balance tends to be sensitive to a match of input and output impedances.
- Active power dividers which use a three-terminal device such as a transistor for amplification, are less sensitive to input and output matches and can provide controllable gain. This type of power divider has been used to provide a signal split with the output signals phased equally.
- a principal object of the present invention is to provide an active-type broadband power divider which can provide divided output signals with a constant 90 degrees, 180 degrees, or multiples thereof phase difference over a decade or greater bandwidths.
- an active-type broadband power divider has a pair of distributed amplifiers which are coupled together with distributed capacitive coupling to provide a predetermined phase shift between respective output signals of the distributed amplifiers.
- the distributed amplifiers are each implemented in the form of a row of three-terminal transistors having their gates and drains connected to gate and drain lines.
- the gate and drain lines are artificial transmission lines formed by series inductors and shunt capacitance, the latter being realized through the intrinsic capacitance of the transistors.
- the capacitive coupling is arranged between gate and/or drain lines of the respective distributed amplifiers. By distributing the capacitive coupling between the gate and/or drain lines, a constant 90 degree phase shift can be obtained over the entire bandwidth of the artificial transmission lines.
- the capacitive coupling can be realized either by discrete capacitors or by a capacitive coupling between the transmission lines.
- a third distributed amplifier is provided with distributed capacitive coupling between its gate or drain line and that of the second distributed amplifier.
- FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of the overall concept of the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a diagram of one embodiment of the active-type broadband power divider having two distributed amplifiers with gate and drain lines capacitively coupled to provide divided output signals with a 90 degree phase shift;
- FIG. 3 shows another embodiment of the active-type broadband power divider having two distributed amplifiers with respective gate lines capacitively coupled to provide divided output signals with a 90 degree phase shift;
- FIG. 4 shows a further embodiment of the active-type broadband power divider having three distributed amplifiers with gate and drain lines capacitively coupled to provide divided output signals with a 180 degree phase shift;
- FIG. 5 is a graph showing the phase shift characteristic over a decade bandwidth of 1.0 to 20.0 GHz obtained in the present invention.
- the present invention employs at least a pair of distributed amplifiers 10, 11 which are coupled together with a distributed capacitive coupling, indicated by a row 12 of capacitances 12a, 12b, 12c.
- An input signal is provided to one of the distributed amplifiers 10, and respective output signals OUT-1 and OUT-2 are obtained which have a predetermined phase shift between them.
- the dotted portion indicates possible other stages of distributed amplifiers.
- the pair of distributed amplifiers 10, 11 are preferably implemented in the form of respective rows of three-terminal transistors 10a, 10b, 10c and 11a, 11b, 11c.
- Such transistors are preferably implemented as field effect transistors (FETs).
- FETs field effect transistors
- the transistors have their gate terminals connected to a gate line, i.e., Gate Line 1 and Gate Line 2, respectively, and their drain terminals connected to a drain line, i.e., Drain Line 1 and Drain Line 2, respectively.
- the gate lines as Gate Line 1 and Gate Line 2 are typically terminated in a resistor such as resistor 15 for Gate Line 1.
- the resistor 15 is directed from the gate line to the point of reference potential as ground.
- the gate and drain lines are artificial transmission lines formed by series inductors and shunt capacitance, the latter being realized through the intrinsic capacitance of the transistors.
- the capacitive coupling can be realized either by discrete capacitors or by a capacitive coupling between the transmission lines.
- the distributed capacitive coupling 12 couples Drain Line 1 of the distributed amplifier 10 and Gate Line 1 of the distributed amplifier 11.
- Gate Line 1 receives an input signal at an input end and has its output end terminated through a resistor to ground. Drain Line 1 has an input end terminate through a resistor to ground and an output end providing the output signal OUT-1.
- Gate Line 2 has both ends terminated through resistors to ground. Drain Line 2 has an input end terminated through a resistor to ground and an output end providing the output signal OUT-2. Due to the capacitive coupling between the distributed amplifiers 10, 11, the output signals OUT-1 and OUT-2 are in quadrature, i.e., have a 90 degree phase difference between them.
- an alternate embodiment of the two-amplifier quadrature power divider has the capacitive coupling 22 arranged between Gate Line 1 of the distributed amplifier 20 and Gate Line 2 of the distributed amplifier 21, and the output signals OUT-1 and OUT-2 are provided from Drain Lines 1 and 2, respectively, with 90 degrees of phase difference.
- a further embodiment employs three distributed amplifiers 30, 31, 32.
- a capacitive coupling 33 is arranged between the drain and gate lines of the first and second amplifiers 30 and 31, and a capacitive coupling 34 is arranged between the drain and gate lines of the second and third amplifiers 31 and 32.
- Output signals OUT-1, OUT-2, AND OUT-3 are obtained from Drain Lines 1, 2, and 3, respectively.
- Each pair of distributed amplifiers has 90 degrees of phase difference between their output signals, and the combined effect of 180 degrees of phase difference is obtained between output signals OUT-1 and OUT-3.
- a graph obtained by computer simulation of the quadrature power divider circuit illustrates the phase shift characteristic between the divided output signals.
- the graph shows that a phase shift error of less than 5% is obtained over a broad bandwidth from 1.0 to 20.0 GHz (20:1 bandwidth).
- the active-type broadband power divider circuit of the present invention could replace many types of passive power dividers in current use, both of quadrature phase and of opposing phase (baluns). This circuit is also highly compatible with MMIC technology, and will enable the use of very compact, high performance, broadband power dividers.
Abstract
Description
Claims (19)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/794,968 US5168242A (en) | 1991-11-20 | 1991-11-20 | Active-type broadband power divider |
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
US07/794,968 US5168242A (en) | 1991-11-20 | 1991-11-20 | Active-type broadband power divider |
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US5168242A true US5168242A (en) | 1992-12-01 |
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US07/794,968 Expired - Lifetime US5168242A (en) | 1991-11-20 | 1991-11-20 | Active-type broadband power divider |
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Cited By (13)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5410743A (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1995-04-25 | Motorola, Inc. | Active image separation mixer |
EP0834985A1 (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-04-08 | Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd | Power amplifier and chip carrier |
FR2759508A1 (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 1998-08-14 | France Telecom | Distributed amplifier for telecommunications |
US20020193067A1 (en) * | 2001-04-26 | 2002-12-19 | Cowley Nicholas Paul | Radio frequency interface |
US20040036523A1 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2004-02-26 | Philippe Dueme | Two-input/two-output broadband active selector switch with distributed structure, and phase control device comprising such a switch |
US20070142019A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Sven Mattisson | Mixer Circuit and Method |
EP2230762A2 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2010-09-22 | Thomson Licensing | Active distributed signal splitting apparatus |
US20120268213A1 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2012-10-25 | Bae Systems Information & Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | High power amplifier |
US8576009B2 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2013-11-05 | Schilmass Co. L.L.C. | Broadband high power amplifier |
US9148975B2 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2015-09-29 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Electronic interconnect method and apparatus |
US9431168B2 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2016-08-30 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Contactless interconnect |
WO2021113011A1 (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-10 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Phase shifter with active signal phase generation |
US11349503B2 (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-05-31 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Phase shifter with compensation circuit |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4973918A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-11-27 | Raytheon Company | Distributed amplifying switch/r.f. signal splitter |
-
1991
- 1991-11-20 US US07/794,968 patent/US5168242A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4973918A (en) * | 1988-12-27 | 1990-11-27 | Raytheon Company | Distributed amplifying switch/r.f. signal splitter |
Cited By (17)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5410743A (en) * | 1993-06-14 | 1995-04-25 | Motorola, Inc. | Active image separation mixer |
EP0834985A1 (en) * | 1996-10-04 | 1998-04-08 | Sanyo Electric Co. Ltd | Power amplifier and chip carrier |
FR2759508A1 (en) * | 1997-02-11 | 1998-08-14 | France Telecom | Distributed amplifier for telecommunications |
US20020193067A1 (en) * | 2001-04-26 | 2002-12-19 | Cowley Nicholas Paul | Radio frequency interface |
US20040036523A1 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2004-02-26 | Philippe Dueme | Two-input/two-output broadband active selector switch with distributed structure, and phase control device comprising such a switch |
US6798281B2 (en) * | 2001-12-18 | 2004-09-28 | Thales | Two-input/two-output broadband active selector switch with distributed structure, and phase control device comprising such a switch |
US20120268213A1 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2012-10-25 | Bae Systems Information & Electronic Systems Integration Inc. | High power amplifier |
US8669812B2 (en) * | 2004-11-23 | 2014-03-11 | Schilmass Co., L.L.C. | High power amplifier |
US8576009B2 (en) | 2004-11-23 | 2013-11-05 | Schilmass Co. L.L.C. | Broadband high power amplifier |
US7890076B2 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2011-02-15 | Telefonaktiebolaget Lm Ericsson (Publ) | Mixer circuit and method |
US20070142019A1 (en) * | 2005-12-15 | 2007-06-21 | Sven Mattisson | Mixer Circuit and Method |
EP2230762A2 (en) | 2006-12-05 | 2010-09-22 | Thomson Licensing | Active distributed signal splitting apparatus |
US9431168B2 (en) | 2012-06-13 | 2016-08-30 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Contactless interconnect |
US9148975B2 (en) | 2012-06-22 | 2015-09-29 | Advanced Micro Devices, Inc. | Electronic interconnect method and apparatus |
WO2021113011A1 (en) * | 2019-12-06 | 2021-06-10 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Phase shifter with active signal phase generation |
US11569555B2 (en) | 2019-12-06 | 2023-01-31 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Phase shifter with active signal phase generation |
US11349503B2 (en) * | 2020-08-24 | 2022-05-31 | Qualcomm Incorporated | Phase shifter with compensation circuit |
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