US5393765A - Pharmaceutical compositions with constant erosion volume for zero order controlled release - Google Patents

Pharmaceutical compositions with constant erosion volume for zero order controlled release Download PDF

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US5393765A
US5393765A US08/166,123 US16612393A US5393765A US 5393765 A US5393765 A US 5393765A US 16612393 A US16612393 A US 16612393A US 5393765 A US5393765 A US 5393765A
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United States
Prior art keywords
erodible
pharmaceutical composition
matrix
erosion
amount
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Expired - Fee Related
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US08/166,123
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Martin H. Infeld
A. Waseem Malick
Navnit H. Shah
Wantanee Phuapradit
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Hoffmann La Roche Inc
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Hoffmann La Roche Inc
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Assigned to HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE INC. reassignment HOFFMANN-LA ROCHE INC. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: INFELD, MARTIN H., MALICK, A. WASEEM, PHUAPRADIT, WANTANEE, SHAH, NAVNIT H.
Priority to TW083110673A priority patent/TW438597B/en
Priority to CA002136118A priority patent/CA2136118A1/en
Priority to AT94119113T priority patent/ATE214919T1/en
Priority to DE69430237T priority patent/DE69430237T2/en
Priority to ES94119113T priority patent/ES2171431T3/en
Priority to NZ270058A priority patent/NZ270058A/en
Priority to EP94119113A priority patent/EP0662322B1/en
Priority to ZA949711A priority patent/ZA949711B/en
Priority to AU80232/94A priority patent/AU688807B2/en
Priority to IL11192094A priority patent/IL111920A/en
Priority to HU9403496A priority patent/HU219227B/en
Priority to JP6330524A priority patent/JP2966745B2/en
Priority to UA94129170A priority patent/UA41887C2/en
Priority to NO944803A priority patent/NO944803L/en
Priority to CO94056072A priority patent/CO4340618A1/en
Priority to PL94306245A priority patent/PL306245A1/en
Priority to KR1019940033656A priority patent/KR950016783A/en
Priority to CN94119315A priority patent/CN1110135A/en
Priority to CZ19943127A priority patent/CZ287718B6/en
Priority to BR9404953A priority patent/BR9404953A/en
Priority to RU94043809/14A priority patent/RU2174832C2/en
Publication of US5393765A publication Critical patent/US5393765A/en
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    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K31/00—Medicinal preparations containing organic active ingredients
    • A61K31/33—Heterocyclic compounds
    • A61K31/395—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins
    • A61K31/41—Heterocyclic compounds having nitrogen as a ring hetero atom, e.g. guanethidine or rifamycins having five-membered rings with two or more ring hetero atoms, at least one of which being nitrogen, e.g. tetrazole
    • A61K31/425—Thiazoles
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/30—Macromolecular organic or inorganic compounds, e.g. inorganic polyphosphates
    • A61K47/36—Polysaccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. gums, starch, alginate, dextrin, hyaluronic acid, chitosan, inulin, agar or pectin
    • A61K47/38—Cellulose; Derivatives thereof
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K47/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by the non-active ingredients used, e.g. carriers or inert additives; Targeting or modifying agents chemically bound to the active ingredient
    • A61K47/06—Organic compounds, e.g. natural or synthetic hydrocarbons, polyolefins, mineral oil, petrolatum or ozokerite
    • A61K47/26—Carbohydrates, e.g. sugar alcohols, amino sugars, nucleic acids, mono-, di- or oligo-saccharides; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates, sorbitan fatty acid esters or glycyrrhizin
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2013—Organic compounds, e.g. phospholipids, fats
    • A61K9/2018—Sugars, or sugar alcohols, e.g. lactose, mannitol; Derivatives thereof, e.g. polysorbates
    • A—HUMAN NECESSITIES
    • A61—MEDICAL OR VETERINARY SCIENCE; HYGIENE
    • A61K—PREPARATIONS FOR MEDICAL, DENTAL OR TOILETRY PURPOSES
    • A61K9/00—Medicinal preparations characterised by special physical form
    • A61K9/20—Pills, tablets, discs, rods
    • A61K9/2004—Excipients; Inactive ingredients
    • A61K9/2022—Organic macromolecular compounds
    • A61K9/205—Polysaccharides, e.g. alginate, gums; Cyclodextrin
    • A61K9/2054—Cellulose; Cellulose derivatives, e.g. hydroxypropyl methylcellulose

Definitions

  • Controlled release dosage forms have received a great deal of attention for their use as drug delivery systems. These systems are capable of delivering a drug at a predetermined rate such that drug concentrations can be maintained at therapeutically effective levels over an extended period, with the potential for minimizing side effects.
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,389,393 claims controlled release dosage forms made from a carrier base material comprising one or more hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or a mixture of one or more HPMC and up to 30% other cellulose ethers, where the carrier base comprises 25.8% or less of the total tablet weight.
  • HPMC hydroxypropyl methylcellulose
  • U.S. Pat. No. 4,540,566 discloses the technology utilizing anionic surfactants to prolong drug release from a dosage form containing a low viscosity grade of HPMC.
  • European Patent 109,320 relates to a theophylline composition that contains 18-35% HPMC, 7.5-22.5% of another hydrophilic binder and 0.5-1% of an internal hydrophobic lubricant.
  • European Patent 111,144 discloses a hydrophilic matrix tablet having one or more sustained release layers with differing drug concentrations using HPMC.
  • the patent describes a hydrophilic matrix system using a gradient layer to achieve a zero order controlled release, this system applicable only for water soluble drugs.
  • the erodible composition contains a therapeutically active substance having a solubility not greater than 80 mg/mL, a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose derivative and erosion modifiers depending on drug solubility and drug loading, such as lactose and polyoxyalkylene derivatives of propylene glycol as well as other inert materials such as binders and lubricants.
  • the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose derivative is most preferably a hydroxy-propylmethyl having a methoxy content of about 19-30% and hydroxypropyl content of 7-12%, a methoxy degree of substitution from 1.1 to 2.0, a molecular weight of approximately 20,000 to 26,000 daltons and viscosity of a 2% w/w polymer solution at 25° C. ranging from 50 to 100 cps.
  • the composition erodes with a constant erosion volume for a desired time period. When ingested, the matrix forms two layers, an outer layer of hydrated matrix which is eroding and an inner core of unchanged matrix.
  • the composition provides a zero order release profile, in part, because the diffusion rate of the drug from the matrix is either negligible or is comparable to the erosion rate of the matrix and the drug concentration in the hydrated layer remains constant.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of the dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition of the invention.
  • FIG. 2 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 1 in 900 mL of 1% Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
  • FIG. 3 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 1 in 900 mL of 1% Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) at 37° C. using the Paddle Method at a speed of 50 rpm.
  • FIG. 4 shows the release and erosion profiles of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 1 in 900 mL of 1% Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
  • FIG. 5 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 2 in 900 mL of 1% Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) at 37° C. using the Paddle Method at a speed of 50 rpm.
  • FIG. 6 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 3 in 900 mL of simulated gastric fluid at 37° C. using the Paddle Method at a speed of 50 rpm.
  • FIG. 7 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 4 in 900 mL of water at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
  • FIG. 8 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 5 in 900 mL of water at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
  • FIG. 9 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 6 in 900 mL of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
  • FIG. 10 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 7 in 900 mL of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
  • FIG. 11 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 8 in 900 mL of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
  • FIG. 12 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 9 in 900 mL of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
  • FIG. 13 shows the erosion profile of the composition of Example 10 in 900 mL of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
  • FIG. 14 shows the erosion profile of the composition of Example 11 in 900 mL of water at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
  • FIG. 15 shows the erosion profile of the composition of Example 12 in 900 mL of water at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
  • the present invention provides a means of achieving a zero order controlled release of a therapeutically active substance from an erodible pharmaceutical composition.
  • Zero order release means that the rate of active substance released per time remains essentially constant throughout the lifespan of the composition. For example, a composition which releases 10% of the active ingredient per hour would release approximately 100% of the active substance in 10 hours.
  • the erodible pharmaceutical composition of this invention contains a drug or therapeutically active substance having a solubility not greater than 80 mg/mL, a low viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose derivative and erosion modifiers, as needed, depending on drug solubility and drug loading.
  • the composition delivers a drug at a constant rate for a period of time without prematurely breaking-up.
  • FIG. 1 depicts the matrix having an outer hydrated layer which erodes and an inner core which is unchanged.
  • the diffusion rate of the drug from the matrix is negligible or is comparable to the erosion rate of the matrix and the drug concentration in the hydrated layer remains constant.
  • the drug release is controlled by a constant erosion volume of the matrix.
  • the amount of drug released at time t (M t ) is described by the following equation:
  • V t is the volume of the hydrated layer eroded at time t
  • C is the concentration of drug in the hydrated layer
  • dV t /dt is the erosion rate (k o ) which is constant.
  • the drug release rate, dM t /dt is zero order when the drug concentration in the hydrated layer, C, remains constant.
  • formulations for the preparation of the erodible compositions for oral administration having zero order release are prepared as described below.
  • the active ingredient was mixed with a cellulose ether derivative, such as Methocel® K100 LV, and an erosion modifier, such as lactose or a nonionic surfactant, such as polyoxyalkylene derivatives of propylene glycol (sold under the tradename Pluronic F-68), as a direct blend or wet granulated with appropriate binders such as polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl cellulose.
  • Polyvinylpyrrolidone is available under the tradename Povidone.
  • Klucel LF is a commercially available hydroxypropyl cellulose.
  • the wet granulation was dried at 50° C. and screened through a #30 mesh screen.
  • a lubricant such as magnesium stearate was blended with the dried granulation.
  • the granulation was compressed into a tablet having the specified weight.
  • the active ingredient is present in the composition in an amount ranging from 5% to 60% w/w of the composition.
  • the erodible composition is formed by the combination of a therapeutically active substance, a cellulose ether derivative and when desired, an erosion modifier such as lactose or Pluronic F-68.
  • the cellulose ether derivative is present in the matrix in an amount ranging from 5% to 50% w/w.
  • a preferred composition contains the cellulose ether derivative in an amount ranging from 10% to 25% w/w.
  • cellulose ether derivatives examples include hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose or their mixtures.
  • a most preferred erodible matrix is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a methoxy content of about 19-30% and hydroxypropyl content of 7-12%, a methoxy degree of substitution from 1.1 to 2.0 and molecular weight of approximately 20,000 to 26,000 daltons.
  • a 2% w/w polymer solution exhibits a gel point of 62°-90° C. and a viscosity at 25° C. ranging from 50 to 100 cps.
  • Solubility of the exemplary drugs in water at 25° C. is as follows:
  • the zero-order release drug delivery system of this invention is applicable to drugs such as Nifedipine, (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid, (+)-cis-3-(Acetyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-[2-dimethylamino)ethyl]naphtho[1,2-b]-1,4-thiazepin-4(5H)-one, Cibenzoline Succinate and Diltiazem.
  • the assembly used in the Basket Method consists of the following: a covered vessel made of glass with nominal capacity 1000 mL; a motor; a metallic drive shaft; and a cylindrical basket.
  • the vessel containing 900 mL of the specified dissolution medium i.e., water, 1% nonionic surfactant Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 or 3% sodium lauryl sulfate, pH 9.0
  • the shaft is positioned so that its axis is not more than 2 mm at any point from the vertical axis of the vessel and rotates smoothly and without significant wobble.
  • a speed-regulating device is used that allows the shaft rotation speed to be selected and maintained at the specified rate.
  • the recommended basket speed is 100 rpm.
  • the distance between the inside bottom of the vessel and the basket is maintained at 25 ⁇ 2 mm during the test.
  • the assembly used in the Paddle method is the same as the apparatus used in the Basket Method, except that a paddle formed from a blade and a shaft is used as the stirring element.
  • the shaft is positioned so that its axis is not more than 2 mm at any point from the vertical axis of the vessel, and rotates smoothly and without significant wobble.
  • the recommended speed of the paddle is 50 rpm.
  • the distance of 25 ⁇ 2 mm between the blade and inside bottom of the vessel is maintained during the test.
  • the dissolution medium was used as specified (i.e., 900 mL of simulated gastric fluid or 1% nonionic surfactant Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 at 37° C.).
  • the drug analysis was determined by UV spectrophotometry.
  • the erosion profile of a tablet is determined by using USP Apparatus 1 (Basket Method). The procedure is similar to the method described above for evaluating drug release.
  • the tablet is placed in the USP basket and immersed in 900 mL of purified water using a speed of 100 rpm. At a specified time interval, the basket with the remaining tablet is removed from the medium and the tablet is dried in an oven at 50° C. for at least 18 hours and/or until a constant weight is obtained. The percent erosion is calculated based on the weight loss of the tablet.
  • the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention produce zero order release profiles in the given dissolution medium.
  • the use of a highly soluble drug such as chlorpheniramine maleate in a pharmaceutical composition with the polymer of the present invention does not produce a zero-order release profile in the dissolution medium as is shown in FIG. 8 due to additional diffusion of the active substance.
  • FIG. 4 shows that the release rate of the therapeutically active agent from the pharmaceutical composition is closely correlated with the erosion rate of the composition.
  • the controlled release (CR) matrix composition of this invention is further illustrated by, but not limited to, the following examples.
  • FIGS. 2 and 3 The release profiles of 100 mg CR Tablets are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • Cibenzoline Succinate CR Tablets The release profile of Cibenzoline Succinate CR Tablets is shown in FIG. 7.
  • the release profile of the chlorpheniramine maleate tablet is shown in FIG. 8.
  • the release profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 9.
  • the release profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 10.
  • the release profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 11.
  • the release profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 12.
  • the erosion profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 13.
  • the erosion profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 14.
  • the erosion profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 15.

Abstract

An erodible pharmaceutical composition providing a unique zero order controlled release profile is herein described. The erodible composition contains a therapeutically active substance having a solubility not greater than 80 mg/mL, a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose derivative and erosion modifiers depending on drug solubility and drug loading, such as lactose and polyoxyalkylene derivatives of propylene glycol, as well as other inert materials such as binders and lubricants. The hydroxypropyl methylcellulose derivative is most preferably a hydroxy-propylmethyl having a methoxy content of about 19-30% and hydroxypropyl content of 7-12%, a methoxy degree of substitution from 1.1 to 2.0, a molecular weight of approximately 20,000 to 26,000 daltons and a viscosity of a 2% w/w polymer solution at 25° C. ranging from 50 to 100 cps. The composition erodes with a constant erosion volume for a desired time period. When ingested, the matrix forms two layers, an outer layer of hydrated matrix which is eroding and an inner core of unchanged matrix. The composition provides a zero order release profile in part because the diffusion rate of the drug from the matrix is either negligible or is comparable to the erosion rate of the matrix and the drug concentration in the hydrated layer remains constant.

Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Controlled release dosage forms have received a great deal of attention for their use as drug delivery systems. These systems are capable of delivering a drug at a predetermined rate such that drug concentrations can be maintained at therapeutically effective levels over an extended period, with the potential for minimizing side effects.
Various approaches exist for the preparation of controlled release dosage forms. One commonly known technique is to form a matrix by entrapping the drug in excipients (i.e., cellulose ether derivatives). Diffusion and/or erosion operate to release the active substance, depending on the properties of the drug and the polymer incorporated in the formulation. This approach generally results in non-zero order release kinetics, T. Higuchi, J. Pharm. Sci., 52:1145 (1965). The amount of drug available at the absorption site therefore decreases with time, which is the major drawback of these dosage forms. In zero order release, the amount of drug release remains constant with respect to time. Prior methods for preparing zero order controlled release dosage forms include those operating by a rate-controlling membrane, G. Kallstrant, B. Ekman, J. Pharm. Sci., 72:772 (1983), and by osmotic pumps, F. Theeuwes, J. Pharm. Sci., 64:1987 (1975) and T. Higuchi, U.S. Pat. No. 4,439,196 (1984).
Dosage forms for controlled release applications containing cellulose ether derivatives are known. However, none of these prior formulations provides a zero order release form as described and claimed in this application.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,389,393 claims controlled release dosage forms made from a carrier base material comprising one or more hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) or a mixture of one or more HPMC and up to 30% other cellulose ethers, where the carrier base comprises 25.8% or less of the total tablet weight.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,540,566 discloses the technology utilizing anionic surfactants to prolong drug release from a dosage form containing a low viscosity grade of HPMC.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,556,678 claims a controlled release propranolol formulation that utilizes HPMC and hydroxypropyl cellulose (HPC).
European Patent 109,320 relates to a theophylline composition that contains 18-35% HPMC, 7.5-22.5% of another hydrophilic binder and 0.5-1% of an internal hydrophobic lubricant.
European Patent 111,144 discloses a hydrophilic matrix tablet having one or more sustained release layers with differing drug concentrations using HPMC. The patent describes a hydrophilic matrix system using a gradient layer to achieve a zero order controlled release, this system applicable only for water soluble drugs.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
An erodible pharmaceutical composition providing a unique zero order controlled release profile is herein described. The erodible composition contains a therapeutically active substance having a solubility not greater than 80 mg/mL, a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose derivative and erosion modifiers depending on drug solubility and drug loading, such as lactose and polyoxyalkylene derivatives of propylene glycol as well as other inert materials such as binders and lubricants. The hydroxypropyl methylcellulose derivative is most preferably a hydroxy-propylmethyl having a methoxy content of about 19-30% and hydroxypropyl content of 7-12%, a methoxy degree of substitution from 1.1 to 2.0, a molecular weight of approximately 20,000 to 26,000 daltons and viscosity of a 2% w/w polymer solution at 25° C. ranging from 50 to 100 cps. The composition erodes with a constant erosion volume for a desired time period. When ingested, the matrix forms two layers, an outer layer of hydrated matrix which is eroding and an inner core of unchanged matrix. The composition provides a zero order release profile, in part, because the diffusion rate of the drug from the matrix is either negligible or is comparable to the erosion rate of the matrix and the drug concentration in the hydrated layer remains constant.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
FIG. 1 is a schematic depiction of the dosage form of the pharmaceutical composition of the invention.
FIG. 2 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 1 in 900 mL of 1% Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
FIG. 3 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 1 in 900 mL of 1% Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) at 37° C. using the Paddle Method at a speed of 50 rpm.
FIG. 4 shows the release and erosion profiles of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 1 in 900 mL of 1% Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
FIG. 5 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 2 in 900 mL of 1% Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer (pH 7.5) at 37° C. using the Paddle Method at a speed of 50 rpm.
FIG. 6 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 3 in 900 mL of simulated gastric fluid at 37° C. using the Paddle Method at a speed of 50 rpm.
FIG. 7 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 4 in 900 mL of water at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
FIG. 8 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 5 in 900 mL of water at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
FIG. 9 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 6 in 900 mL of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
FIG. 10 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 7 in 900 mL of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
FIG. 11 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 8 in 900 mL of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
FIG. 12 shows the release profile of the pharmaceutical composition of Example 9 in 900 mL of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
FIG. 13 shows the erosion profile of the composition of Example 10 in 900 mL of water containing 3% sodium lauryl sulfate (pH 9.0) at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
FIG. 14 shows the erosion profile of the composition of Example 11 in 900 mL of water at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
FIG. 15 shows the erosion profile of the composition of Example 12 in 900 mL of water at 37° C. using the Basket Method at a speed of 100 rpm.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
The present invention provides a means of achieving a zero order controlled release of a therapeutically active substance from an erodible pharmaceutical composition. Zero order release means that the rate of active substance released per time remains essentially constant throughout the lifespan of the composition. For example, a composition which releases 10% of the active ingredient per hour would release approximately 100% of the active substance in 10 hours.
The erodible pharmaceutical composition of this invention contains a drug or therapeutically active substance having a solubility not greater than 80 mg/mL, a low viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose derivative and erosion modifiers, as needed, depending on drug solubility and drug loading. The composition delivers a drug at a constant rate for a period of time without prematurely breaking-up.
A schematic describing the release mechanism of the delivery system is depicted in FIG. 1. FIG. 1 depicts the matrix having an outer hydrated layer which erodes and an inner core which is unchanged. In the compositions of the present invention, the diffusion rate of the drug from the matrix is negligible or is comparable to the erosion rate of the matrix and the drug concentration in the hydrated layer remains constant. The drug release is controlled by a constant erosion volume of the matrix. The amount of drug released at time t (Mt) is described by the following equation:
M.sub.t =V.sub.t C                                         (Eq. 1)
dV.sub.t /dt=k.sub.o                                       (Eq. 2)
where Vt is the volume of the hydrated layer eroded at time t; C is the concentration of drug in the hydrated layer; and dVt /dt is the erosion rate (ko) which is constant.
The drug release rate, dMt /dt, is zero order when the drug concentration in the hydrated layer, C, remains constant. The dissolution or erosion of the matrix itself, following hydration of the HPMC, results in the release of the active ingredient dispersed in the matrix.
In accordance with the present invention, formulations for the preparation of the erodible compositions for oral administration having zero order release are prepared as described below. The active ingredient was mixed with a cellulose ether derivative, such as Methocel® K100 LV, and an erosion modifier, such as lactose or a nonionic surfactant, such as polyoxyalkylene derivatives of propylene glycol (sold under the tradename Pluronic F-68), as a direct blend or wet granulated with appropriate binders such as polyvinylpyrrolidone or hydroxypropyl cellulose. Polyvinylpyrrolidone is available under the tradename Povidone. Klucel LF is a commercially available hydroxypropyl cellulose. The wet granulation was dried at 50° C. and screened through a #30 mesh screen. A lubricant such as magnesium stearate was blended with the dried granulation. Using a suitable tablet press, the granulation was compressed into a tablet having the specified weight. The active ingredient is present in the composition in an amount ranging from 5% to 60% w/w of the composition.
The erodible composition is formed by the combination of a therapeutically active substance, a cellulose ether derivative and when desired, an erosion modifier such as lactose or Pluronic F-68. The cellulose ether derivative is present in the matrix in an amount ranging from 5% to 50% w/w. A preferred composition contains the cellulose ether derivative in an amount ranging from 10% to 25% w/w.
Examples of the cellulose ether derivatives that can be suitably employed in accordance with this invention include hydroxypropyl methylcellulose or hydroxypropyl cellulose or their mixtures. A most preferred erodible matrix is hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a methoxy content of about 19-30% and hydroxypropyl content of 7-12%, a methoxy degree of substitution from 1.1 to 2.0 and molecular weight of approximately 20,000 to 26,000 daltons. A 2% w/w polymer solution exhibits a gel point of 62°-90° C. and a viscosity at 25° C. ranging from 50 to 100 cps.
Solubility of the exemplary drugs in water at 25° C. is as follows:
______________________________________                                    
Drug                   Solubility                                         
______________________________________                                    
(E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-                                               
                       <2     μg/mL                                    
2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]                                               
amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-                                                     
oxobutanoic acid                                                          
(+)-cis-3-(Acetyloxy)-2,3-                                                
                       80     mg/mL                                       
dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-                                              
5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]                                                
naphtho[1,2-b]-1,4-thiazepin-                                             
4(5H)-one                                                                 
Cibenzoline            26.30  mg/mL                                       
Succinate                                                                 
4-(2,2-Diphenylethenyl)-l-                                                
                       0.182  μg/mL                                    
[1-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)nonyl]                                              
piperidine                                                                
7-Chloro-N-methyl-5-(1H-pyrrol-                                           
                       1.5    μg/mL                                    
2-yl)-3H-1,4-benzodiazepin-2-amine                                        
5-[3-[4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-9-                                               
                       0.01   μg/mL                                    
methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f][1,2,4]                                            
triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]diazepin-2-yl]-                                       
2-propynyl]phenanthrydin-6(5H)-one                                        
______________________________________
The zero-order release drug delivery system of this invention is applicable to drugs such as Nifedipine, (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid, (+)-cis-3-(Acetyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-[2-dimethylamino)ethyl]naphtho[1,2-b]-1,4-thiazepin-4(5H)-one, Cibenzoline Succinate and Diltiazem.
The evaluation of drug release from the erodible matrix was performed using the USP dissolution test procedure with either the Basket or Paddle Method at the speed as specified. The Basket and Paddle methods are described on page 1578 of U.S. Pharmacopeia (USP) XXII & National Formulary (NF) XVII (The United States Pharmacopeial Convention, Inc., Rockville, Md., 1990). Briefly, in both methods, one tablet is placed in the appropriate apparatus described below containing the specified amount of dissolution medium and the stirring element is started. The amount of drug in solution is determined by the UV spectrophotometric method as is known in the art. The assembly used in the Basket Method consists of the following: a covered vessel made of glass with nominal capacity 1000 mL; a motor; a metallic drive shaft; and a cylindrical basket. The vessel containing 900 mL of the specified dissolution medium (i.e., water, 1% nonionic surfactant Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 or 3% sodium lauryl sulfate, pH 9.0) is partially immersed in a suitable water bath and equilibrated at 37°±0.5° C. A fitted cover may be used to retard evaporation. The shaft is positioned so that its axis is not more than 2 mm at any point from the vertical axis of the vessel and rotates smoothly and without significant wobble. A speed-regulating device is used that allows the shaft rotation speed to be selected and maintained at the specified rate. The recommended basket speed is 100 rpm. The distance between the inside bottom of the vessel and the basket is maintained at 25±2 mm during the test.
The assembly used in the Paddle method is the same as the apparatus used in the Basket Method, except that a paddle formed from a blade and a shaft is used as the stirring element. The shaft is positioned so that its axis is not more than 2 mm at any point from the vertical axis of the vessel, and rotates smoothly and without significant wobble. The recommended speed of the paddle is 50 rpm. The distance of 25±2 mm between the blade and inside bottom of the vessel is maintained during the test. The dissolution medium was used as specified (i.e., 900 mL of simulated gastric fluid or 1% nonionic surfactant Emulphor ON-870 in phosphate buffer, pH 7.5 at 37° C.). The drug analysis was determined by UV spectrophotometry.
The erosion profile of a tablet is determined by using USP Apparatus 1 (Basket Method). The procedure is similar to the method described above for evaluating drug release. The tablet is placed in the USP basket and immersed in 900 mL of purified water using a speed of 100 rpm. At a specified time interval, the basket with the remaining tablet is removed from the medium and the tablet is dried in an oven at 50° C. for at least 18 hours and/or until a constant weight is obtained. The percent erosion is calculated based on the weight loss of the tablet.
As shown in FIGS. 2-7 and 9-15, the pharmaceutical compositions of the invention produce zero order release profiles in the given dissolution medium. The use of a highly soluble drug such as chlorpheniramine maleate in a pharmaceutical composition with the polymer of the present invention does not produce a zero-order release profile in the dissolution medium as is shown in FIG. 8 due to additional diffusion of the active substance.
FIG. 4 shows that the release rate of the therapeutically active agent from the pharmaceutical composition is closely correlated with the erosion rate of the composition.
The controlled release (CR) matrix composition of this invention is further illustrated by, but not limited to, the following examples.
EXAMPLE 1 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients       mg/tablet                                               
______________________________________                                    
(E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-  100.0                                                   
Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)                                                   
ethenyl]phenyl]                                                           
amino]-2,2-diethyl-                                                       
4-oxobutanoic acid)                                                       
Pluronic F68      100.0                                                   
Methocel K100LV   135.0                                                   
Hydrous Lactose   135.0                                                   
Povidone K30       28.5                                                   
Magnesium Stearate                                                        
                   1.5                                                    
______________________________________
The release profiles of 100 mg CR Tablets are shown in FIGS. 2 and 3. A comparison of the release and erosion profiles of (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl) ethenyl]phenyl]amino ]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid) 100 mg CR Tablets is shown in FIG. 4.
EXAMPLE 2 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients       mg/tablet                                               
______________________________________                                    
(E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-  100.0                                                   
Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)                                                   
ethenyl]phenyl]                                                           
amino]-2,2-diethyl-                                                       
4-oxobutanoic acid)                                                       
Povidone K30      20.0                                                    
Methocel K100LV   31.2                                                    
Anhydrous Lactose 46.8                                                    
Magnesium Stearate                                                        
                   2.0                                                    
______________________________________
The release profile of (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid) 100 mg CR Tablets is shown in FIG. 5.
EXAMPLE 3 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients       mg/tablet                                               
______________________________________                                    
(+)-cis-3-(Acetyloxy)-                                                    
                   54.0                                                   
2,3-dihydro-2-                                                            
(4-methoxyphenyl)-5-                                                      
[2-(dimethylamino)                                                        
ethyl]naphtho[1,2-b]-                                                     
1,4-thiazepin-4(5H)-one                                                   
Anhydrous Lactose 200.0                                                   
Methocel K100LV   125.0                                                   
Povidone K30       20.0                                                   
Magnesium Stearate                                                        
                   3.0                                                    
______________________________________
The release profile of (+)-cis-3-(Acetyloxy)-2,3-dihydro-2-(4-methoxyphenyl) -5-[2-(dimethylamino)ethyl]naphtho[1,2-b]-1,4-thiazepin-4(5H)-one 54 mg CR Tablets is shown in FIG. 6.
EXAMPLE 4 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients       mg/tablet                                               
______________________________________                                    
Cibenzoline Succinate                                                     
                  232.0                                                   
Methocel K100LV   200.0                                                   
Povidone K30       50.0                                                   
Stearic Acid       5.0                                                    
Syloid 244         5.0                                                    
Magnesium Stearate                                                        
                   10.0                                                   
______________________________________
The release profile of Cibenzoline Succinate CR Tablets is shown in FIG. 7.
EXAMPLE 5 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients      mg/tablet                                                
______________________________________                                    
Chlorpheniramine  54                                                      
Maleate                                                                   
Anhydrous Lactose                                                         
                 200                                                      
Methocel K100LV  125                                                      
Povidone K30      20                                                      
Magnesium Stearate                                                        
                  6                                                       
______________________________________
The release profile of the chlorpheniramine maleate tablet is shown in FIG. 8.
EXAMPLE 6 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients       mg/tablet                                               
______________________________________                                    
(E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-  300.0                                                   
Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)                                                   
ethenyl]phenyl]                                                           
amino]-2,2-diethyl-                                                       
4-oxobutanoic acid)                                                       
Methocel K100LV    52.9                                                   
______________________________________
The release profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 9.
EXAMPLE 7 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients       mg/tablet                                               
______________________________________                                    
(E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-  300                                                     
Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)                                                   
ethenyl]phenyl]                                                           
amino]-2,2-diethyl-                                                       
4-oxobutanoic acid)                                                       
Klucel LF          18                                                     
Methocel K100LV    60                                                     
Anhydrous Lactose 216                                                     
Magnesium Stearate                                                        
                   6                                                      
______________________________________
The release profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 10.
EXAMPLE 8 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients       mg/tablet                                               
______________________________________                                    
(E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-  300                                                     
Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)                                                   
ethenyl]phenyl]                                                           
amino]-2,2-diethyl-                                                       
4-oxobutanoic acid)                                                       
Klucel LF          18                                                     
Methocel K100LV    30                                                     
Anhydrous Lactose 246                                                     
Magnesium Stearate                                                        
                   6                                                      
______________________________________
The release profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 11.
EXAMPLE 9 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients       mg/tablet                                               
______________________________________                                    
(E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-  300                                                     
Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)                                                   
ethenyl]phenyl]                                                           
amino]-2,2-diethyl-                                                       
4-oxobutanoic acid)                                                       
Methocel K100LV    90                                                     
Klucel LF          18                                                     
Lactose Anhydrous 186                                                     
Magnesium Stearate                                                        
                   6                                                      
______________________________________
The release profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 12.
EXAMPLE 10 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients         mg/tablet                                             
______________________________________                                    
4-(2,2-Diphenylethenyl)-                                                  
                    300                                                   
1-[1-oxo-9-(3-pyridinyl)                                                  
nonyl]piperidine, micronized                                              
Klucel LF            18                                                   
Anhydrous Lactose   150                                                   
Methocel K100LV     126                                                   
Magnesium Stearate   6                                                    
______________________________________
The erosion profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 13.
EXAMPLE 11 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients       mg/tablet                                               
______________________________________                                    
7-Chloro-N-methyl-5-                                                      
                  300                                                     
(1H-pyrrol-2-yl)-3H-1,4-                                                  
benzodiazepin-2-amine,                                                    
micropulverized                                                           
Klucel LF          18                                                     
Anhydrous Lactose 150                                                     
Methocel K100LV   126                                                     
Magnesium Stearate                                                        
                   6                                                      
______________________________________
The erosion profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 14.
EXAMPLE 12 
______________________________________                                    
Ingredients        mg/tablet                                              
______________________________________                                    
5-[3-[4-(2-Chlorophenyl)-                                                 
                    75                                                    
9-methyl-6H-thieno[3,2-f]                                                 
[1,2,4]triazolo[4,3-a][1,4]                                               
diazepin-2-yl]-2-propynyl]                                                
phenanthrydin-6(5H)-one,                                                  
micronized                                                                
Klucel LF           9                                                     
Anhydrous Lactose  113                                                    
Methocel K100LV    100                                                    
Magnesium Stearate  3                                                     
______________________________________
The erosion profile of the tablet is shown in FIG. 15.

Claims (11)

We claim:
1. An erodible pharmaceutical composition, shaped and compressed to a solid unit dosage form, which provides a zero order controlled release of a therapeutically active substance, the erodible composition comprising between about 5% to about 60% w/w of a therapeutically active substance which has a solubility of less than 80 mg/mL and at least about 5% up to about 50% w/w of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose having a viscosity from about 50 to about 100 centipoises and the remainder of the erodible composition consisting of inert carriers.
2. An erodible pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose has a methoxy content of about 19-30%, a hydroxypropyl content of 7-12%, a methoxy degree of substitution from 1.1 to 2.0, a molecular weight of approximately 20,000 to 26,000 daltons and wherein a 2% w/w solution of the polymer has a viscosity at 25° C. in the range of 50 to 100 cps.
3. An erodible pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the therapeutically active substance is (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid.
4. An erodible pharmaceutical composition of claim 1 wherein the hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is present in an amount between 10% to 25% w/w of the matrix.
5. An erodible pharmaceutical composition, shaped and compressed to a solid unit dosage form, which provides a zero order controlled release of a therapeutically active substance, the erodible composition comprising between about 5% to 60% w/w of a therapeutically active substance which has a solubility of less than 80 mg/mL, at least about 5% up to about 50% w/w of a low viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, at least about 10% up to about 60% w/w of an erosion modifier and the remainder of the erodible composition consisting of inert carriers.
6. An erodible pharmaceutical composition of claim 5 wherein the erosion modifier is lactose.
7. An erodible pharmaceutical composition of claim 5 wherein the erosion modifier is a non-ionic surfactant.
8. An erodible pharmaceutical composition of claim 5 wherein the therapeutically active substance is (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl-4-oxobutanoic acid.
9. An erodible pharmaceutical composition of claim 8 wherein (E)-4-[[3 -[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl )ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl -4-oxobutanoic acid is present in the amount of 50% w/w, the low viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is present in the amount of 10% w/w and the erosion modifier is lactose and is present in the amount of 40% w/w.
10. An erodible pharmaceutical composition of claim 8 wherein (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl -4-oxobutanoic acid is present in the amount of 50% w/w, the low viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is present in the amount of 15% w/w and the erosion modifier is lactose and is present in the amount of 35% w/w.
11. An erodible pharmaceutical composition of claim 8 wherein (E)-4-[[3-[2-(4-Cyclobutyl-2-thiazolyl)ethenyl]phenyl]amino]-2,2-diethyl -4-oxobutanoic acid is present in the amount of 50% w/w, the low viscosity hydroxypropyl methylcellulose is present in the amount of 25% w/w and the erosion modifier is lactose and is present in the amount of 25% w/w.
US08/166,123 1993-12-13 1993-12-13 Pharmaceutical compositions with constant erosion volume for zero order controlled release Expired - Fee Related US5393765A (en)

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US08/166,123 US5393765A (en) 1993-12-13 1993-12-13 Pharmaceutical compositions with constant erosion volume for zero order controlled release
TW083110673A TW438597B (en) 1993-12-13 1994-11-17 Pharmaceutical composition for controlled release
CA002136118A CA2136118A1 (en) 1993-12-13 1994-11-18 Pharmaceutical composition for controlled release
DE69430237T DE69430237T2 (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-05 Controlled release medicinal products
AT94119113T ATE214919T1 (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-05 CONTROLLED RELEASE MEDICINAL PRODUCTS
ES94119113T ES2171431T3 (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-05 PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE.
NZ270058A NZ270058A (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-05 Erodible, controlled release, pharmaceutical composition using a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose carrier
EP94119113A EP0662322B1 (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-05 Pharmaceutical composition for controlled release
ZA949711A ZA949711B (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-06 Pharmaceutical composition for controlled release.
AU80232/94A AU688807B2 (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-06 Pharmaceutical composition for controlled release
IL11192094A IL111920A (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-07 Erodible pharmaceutical composition with zero order controlled release
HU9403496A HU219227B (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-07 Pharmaceutical composition for controlled release
JP6330524A JP2966745B2 (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-08 Pharmaceutical compositions with controlled release
UA94129170A UA41887C2 (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-12 Pharmaceutical composition subjected to erosion
NO944803A NO944803L (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-12 Controlled release pharmaceutical preparation
CO94056072A CO4340618A1 (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-12 PHARMACEUTICAL COMPOSITION FOR CONTROLLED RELEASE
PL94306245A PL306245A1 (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-12 Controllable release pharmaceutical composition
KR1019940033656A KR950016783A (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-12 Pharmaceutical Compositions for Controlled Release
CN94119315A CN1110135A (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-12 Pharmaceutical composition for controlled release
CZ19943127A CZ287718B6 (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-12 Erodible pharmaceutical composition
BR9404953A BR9404953A (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-12 Disposable pharmaceutical composition
RU94043809/14A RU2174832C2 (en) 1993-12-13 1994-12-13 Medicinal composition for release-control

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