US5520807A - Stacked fluid-separation membrane disk module assemblies - Google Patents
Stacked fluid-separation membrane disk module assemblies Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- US5520807A US5520807A US08/240,509 US24050994A US5520807A US 5520807 A US5520807 A US 5520807A US 24050994 A US24050994 A US 24050994A US 5520807 A US5520807 A US 5520807A
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- United States
- Prior art keywords
- module
- end plates
- membrane disks
- fluid
- central
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- Expired - Fee Related
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- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D63/00—Apparatus in general for separation processes using semi-permeable membranes
- B01D63/08—Flat membrane modules
- B01D63/082—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes
- B01D63/084—Flat membrane modules comprising a stack of flat membranes at least one flow duct intersecting the membranes
Definitions
- This invention relates to improvements to membrane modules usefully employed in the field of fluid separations whereby fluid components are separated from a fluid mixture.
- the present invention is embodied in a stacked membrane disk module which includes the means by which fluid leakage is prevented by maintaining compressive force on the membrane disks in the stack to accommodate movements of mechanical components during repeated pressurization and depressurization cycles.
- a variety of commercial processes rely on the use of fluid separation techniques in order to separate one or more desirable fluid components from a mixture. For example, in the production of natural gas, it is typically necessary for the producer to strip carbon dioxide from natural gas in order to meet government regulatory requirements. It is also typically desirable in many chemical processes for hydrogen to be removed and recovered from gaseous process streams.
- membranes for fluid separations have achieved increased popularity over other known separation techniques.
- one major disadvantage of membranes for use in fluid separations is that the membranes must be supported in a "package" (sometimes referred to as a "module") which provides the requisite flow path to achieve the desired fluid separation.
- the membrane package must also exhibit sufficient structural integrity to withstand the pressures needed to effect separation in a given process.
- Sealing beads extend around the perimetrical edge of the feed fluid spacers from one notch to the other.
- the sealing beads are thus discontinuous around the edge of the feed fluid spacers in the area of the notches (see, column 9, lines 18-21 of the Wight et al '436 Patent).
- these discontinuous edge beads cooperate in conjunction with edge seals associated with the distribution plates and feed fluid spacers of the assembly disclosed in the Wight et al '436 Patent (i.e., edge seals 104 and 180 shown in FIGS. 9 and 10, respectively).
- edge seals thereby serve as a pressure seal against the interior surface of the pressure vessel in which the assembly is positioned so that the feed and residue channels are collectively defined by the registered notches and a corresponding adjacent interior surface of the pressure vessel wall.
- discontinuous sealing beads employed in the assembly disclosed in the Wight et al '436 Patent serve to fluid-isolate interior regions of the pressure vessel on opposing sides of the stacked membrane disk assembly so as to establish a pressure gradient (e.g., between 1-5 psi) between the feed inlet and residue discharge ports.
- the longitudinal and/or latitudinal size of the pressure vessel wall can be virtually any dimension since the perimetrical edge of the membrane assembly does not necessarily need to be sealed against the interior pressure vessel wall in order to perform its intended fluid-separation functions.
- membrane module assemblies are subjected to repeated pressurization and depressurization cycles due to periodic equipment maintenance and day-to-day processing needs requiring equipment shut-down.
- stacked membrane disk modules of the type disclosed in the copending Patent Application cited above are pressurized, some of the structural components may undergo irreversible dimensional deformation.
- the membrane and/or permeate carrier sheets in the membrane disks may be dimensionally "thinned" when subjected to relatively high pressures (sometimes on the order of greater than 1000 psi) of a given fluid separation process.
- the seals employed will typically be sufficiently elastic and/or compressible so that they will maintain a fluid and pressure tight seal with the membrane disks when pressurized.
- the seals in the module may not be capable of sufficient elastic response to a rapidly decreasing pressure when the module is depressurized to maintain a reliable seal with the membrane disks.
- the seals will be displaced and/or lose sealing contact with the membrane disk during depressurization which, in turn, causes fluid leakage to occur if the module is depressurized and subsequently attempted to be repressurized. Such fluid leakage will thus cause the module to fail to preform its intended fluid-separation functions.
- Once fluid leakage has occurred therefore, the only alternative is to remove the module from service and rebuild the membrane disk and seal components.
- the present invention is embodied in a stacked membrane disk modules having a number of membrane disks interleaved with sealing layers and which include force biasing structures for maintaining compressive forces between the membrane disks and interleaved sealing layers.
- the membrane disks will each include a central first aperture and a pair of second apertures which are radially spaced from the central first aperture. These apertures will thus be respectively registered when a number of such membrane disks (which might be more than several hundred) are stacked between a pair of end plates so as to establish a central fluid passageway and a pair of second fluid passageways.
- a rigid perforated tube is positioned within the central fluid aperture and is connected to the end plates so that at least one of the end plates is capable of being axially displaced relative to the perforated tube.
- a biasing subassembly which includes a biasing member (e.g., a compression spring, stack of truncated washers or the like) may thus be coupled operatively to the perforated tube so as to exert a resilient force onto one of the end plates.
- the biasing subassembly may be positioned exteriorly or interiorly relative to the end plates.
- a force adjustment member e.g., a force adjustment nut, cap or the like
- the biasing subassembly and its associated force adjustment member serve to reduce the effective axial dimension of the rigid perforated tube as measured between the end plates to thereby exert axial tension on the tube between the plates.
- This exerted axial tension on the perforated tube is translated to that one (or both) of the end plates capable of axial displacements relative to the tube in the form of compressive force applied to the membrane disks in the stack.
- FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional elevational view of a pressure vessel which houses a preferred stacked membrane disk module according to the present invention
- FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional elevational view of one embodiment of an exteriorly positioned biasing subassembly that may be employed in the membrane disk module of the present invention
- FIG. 3 is a cross-sectional elevational view of another embodiment of a biasing subassembly that may be employed in the membrane disk module of the present invention.
- FIG. 4 is a partial cross-sectional elevational view depicting an alternative biasing subassembly that may be employed in the stacked membrane disk modifies of this invention.
- FIG. 1 depicts an exemplary stacked membrane module 10 according to this invention positioned within the interior chamber 12 of pressure vessel 14.
- the module 10 is dependently supported by the upper flange 16 of the pressure vessel 14 via the pipe stem 18 which fluid-connects the permeate passageway 20 defined centrally within the module 10 to a conduit 22 external of the pressure vessel 14 to allow the collected permeate fluid to be transferred to another location.
- the residue passageway 24 defined within the module 10 is, in turn, fluid-connected to the discharge port 26 of pressure vessel 14 by conduit 28.
- the conduit 28 is flexible but is of sufficient mechanical strength to withstand the pressure differential which exists between the feed fluid introduced into the pressure vessel via inlet port 30 and the pressure of the residue fluid within the conduit 28.
- any flexible conduit may be employed such as reinforced elastomeric conduits, corrugated-type conduits or the like.
- the module 10 includes axially spaced-apart end plates 32, 34 (preferably formed of metal) between which a number of membrane disks (some of which are identified in FIG. 1 by reference numeral 36) are positioned in registered stacked arrangement.
- the module 10 also defines a feed fluid passageway 42 which communicates with opening 32a in end plate 32. Feed fluid containing at least one fluid component to be separated is thus introduced into the pressure vessel 14 at inlet port 30 and is directed into the feed fluid passageway 42.
- the end plate 32 also has an opening 32b which allows the central permeate passageway 20 to communicate with the stem 18.
- the end plate 34 defines a residue opening 34a which allows fluid communication between the residue passageway 24 within the module 10 and the conduit 28.
- FIG. 2 shows one preferred embodiment of a biasing subassembly 52 and associated structures in a larger scale for increased clarity.
- the module 10 is generally comprised of a number of membrane disks 36 stacked in registered alignment with one another so their respective permeate, residue and feed apertures 36 P , 36 R and 36 F are aligned with one another to establish the permeate, residue and feed fluid passageways 20, 24 and 42, respectively.
- Interposed between adjacent membrane disks (and between the end plates 32, 34 and the end-most membrane disks 36 in the stack) are low and high pressure seal rings 46, 48.
- the low and high pressure seals 46, 48 define a slight, but significant, clearance space 36 S between immediately adjacent membrane disks 36 in the stack to allow for fluid flow between the feed and residue apertures 36 F and 36 R across the active membrane faces.
- this clearance space 36 S is defined between the end-most membrane disks 36 in the stack and the end plates 32, 34 by virtue of the seal rings 46, 48.
- the low pressure seal 46 is positioned in annular registered relationship to the perimetrical edge regions of the stacked membrane disks 36 such that the registered feed and residue apertures 36 F and 36 R , respectively, formed in each of the membrane disks 36 are positioned radially inwardly thereof. That is, the low pressure seal 46 is positioned radially outwardly of the apertures 36 F and 36 R so as to form a continuous seal about the perimetrical edge region of the membrane discs 36.
- the high pressure seal 48 is positioned concentrically around the central permeate apertures 36 P formed in each membrane disk 36.
- the high pressure seal 48 fluid-isolates the central permeate fluid passageway 20 (established by virtue of registered central permeate openings 36 P ) from the feed and residue passageways 42 and 24 (established by virtue of registered feed and residue openings 36 F and 36 R , respectively).
- the low pressure seal 46 fluid-isolates the feed and residue fluid passageways 36 F and 36 R , respectively, from the pressure condition existing within the chamber 12 of the pressure vessel 14. In other words, the low pressure seals 46 serve to pressure-isolate the interior of the module 10 from the pressure condition existing within the pressure vessel 14.
- the biasing subassembly 52 is positioned exteriorly of the module 10 (i.e., outside the end plate 34).
- the biasing subassembly 52 is generally comprised of a rigid perforated tube 54 which extends coaxially through the registered central apertures of the membrane disks 36 in the stack which establish the permeate fluid passageway 20.
- the perforated tube 54 has one end 54a rigidly (e.g., threadably) coupled to end plate 32.
- the other end 54b of the tube 54 passes through a central opening 34b defined in the end plate 34 and extends axially into the housing 50.
- the end plate 34 and the tube 54 are thus mounted to allow for relative axial displacements therebetween.
- the end 54b of the tube 54 within the housing 50 threadably receives a force adjustment nut 58 which, when turned, adjust the bias force exerted by the compression spring 60 acting between the nut 58 and the lower surface 34c of end plate 34.
- a force adjustment nut 58 which, when turned, adjust the bias force exerted by the compression spring 60 acting between the nut 58 and the lower surface 34c of end plate 34.
- turning movements applied to the force adjustment nut 58 will responsively cause the effective axial length of the tube 54 between the end plates 32, 34 to decrease or increase (i.e., depending on the turning direction applied to the force adjustment nut 58) which, in turn, causes greater or lesser compression force, respectively, to be applied to the membrane disks 36 in the stack.
- the perforated tube 54 will include a number of perforations along its axial length so as to allow the permeate fluid to flow into the interior of the tube 54 and be directed to conduit 18.
- the number, size and density (i.e., number per unit area) of such perforations are selected in dependence upon several practical criteria such as the type of fluid being processed, pressure and flow conditions of the separations process and the like.
- the size of individual perforations in the tube 54 will be on the order of about 1/4" to about 3/8".
- Housing 50 is threadably connected to an annular boss 62 rigidly extending from the lower surface 34c of end plate 34 and is sealed against fluid leakage by O-rings 56. Thus, in order to adjust the bias force of the spring 60, the housing 50 is first removed from the boss 62.
- the biasing subassembly 70 includes a rigid perforated tube 72 which extends coaxially through permeate fluid passageway 20 established by the registered central permeate apertures 36 P of the membrane disks 36 in the stack.
- One end 72a of the tube 72 is rigidly coupled to the end plate 34 (e.g., by being threadably connected thereto).
- the end plate 34 preferably includes a threaded coupling 74 to allow serial interconnection with the permeate fluid passageway of another membrane module 10. If not serially interconnected with to another membrane module 10, however, the coupling 74 is sealed against fluid leakage by threaded cap plug 76.
- the opposite end 72b of the tube 72 is threadably coupled to adjustment end cap 79.
- the end plate 32 is provided with an integral recessed pocket seat 78 extending toward the interior of the stacked membrane disks 36 within the permeate fluid passageway 20 in coaxially relationship with the tube 72.
- a compression spring 82 surrounds the tube 72 in the annular space defined between the tube 72 and the pocket seat 78. Thus, the force of the spring 82 acts between the bottom wall 78a of the pocket seat 78 and the lower annular seat 79a of the adjustment cap 79.
- Adjusting the adjustment cap 79 will responsive cause a change in the effective axial length of the tube 72 so as to compress the membrane disks 36 to greater/lesser extent (i.e., in dependence upon the direction of turning movement applied to cap 79) between the end plates 32, 34.
- clockwise turning movements applied to adjustment cap 79 will responsively cause the spring 82 to be axially compressed so that a reliable compressive bias force is exerted to the plate 32 via the seat pocket 78.
- This compressive force will therefore ensure that the low and high pressure seals 46, 48, respectively, in the module 10 remain in sealed relationship between the membrane disks 36 to prevent fluid leakage and hence module failure.
- FIG. 4 depicts a spring subassembly 90 which is identical to spring subassembly 70 discussed above with respect to FIG. 3, except that the compression spring 82 has been replaced with a stack of spring washers 92 having a truncated conical shape (e.g., bellville-type washers).
- the application of sufficient compressive force to such a stack of washers 92 would therefore cause the end plates 32, 34 to exert a corresponding meaningful resilient compressive force to the stack of membrane disks 36.
- the spring 60 shown in FIG. 2 could, if desired, be replaced with a stack of washers 92.
Abstract
Description
Claims (21)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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US08/240,509 US5520807A (en) | 1994-05-11 | 1994-05-11 | Stacked fluid-separation membrane disk module assemblies |
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US08/240,509 US5520807A (en) | 1994-05-11 | 1994-05-11 | Stacked fluid-separation membrane disk module assemblies |
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US5520807A true US5520807A (en) | 1996-05-28 |
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US08/240,509 Expired - Fee Related US5520807A (en) | 1994-05-11 | 1994-05-11 | Stacked fluid-separation membrane disk module assemblies |
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Cited By (40)
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US5645626A (en) * | 1990-08-10 | 1997-07-08 | Bend Research, Inc. | Composite hydrogen separation element and module |
US5891222A (en) * | 1994-12-30 | 1999-04-06 | Gkss-Forschungszentrum Geesthacht Gmbh | Device for separating mixtures using stacked spaced membrane elements |
US6221117B1 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 2001-04-24 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen producing fuel processing system |
US6319306B1 (en) | 2000-03-23 | 2001-11-20 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen-selective metal membrane modules and method of forming the same |
US6419728B1 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2002-07-16 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen-permeable metal membrane and method for producing the same |
US6419726B1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2002-07-16 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Fluid separation assembly and fluid separation module |
US6494937B1 (en) * | 2001-09-27 | 2002-12-17 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen purification devices, components and fuel processing systems containing the same |
US6537352B2 (en) | 1996-10-30 | 2003-03-25 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same |
US6558544B1 (en) * | 2000-12-04 | 2003-05-06 | Progressive Composite Technologies, Inc. | Pressure vessels for holding cylindrical semipermeable membrane cartridges |
US6569227B2 (en) | 2001-09-27 | 2003-05-27 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen purification devices, components and fuel processing systems containing the same |
US6582499B2 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2003-06-24 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Fluid separation assembly |
US6596057B2 (en) | 1999-03-22 | 2003-07-22 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen-selective metal membranes, membrane modules, purification assemblies and methods of forming the same |
US6602325B1 (en) | 1999-10-21 | 2003-08-05 | Ati Properties, Inc. | Fluid separation assembly |
US20030159354A1 (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 2003-08-28 | Edlund David J. | Fuel processing system |
US6613132B2 (en) * | 2000-11-01 | 2003-09-02 | Peter R. Bossard | Hydrogen diffusion cell assembly with perforated output tube |
US20040028581A1 (en) * | 1999-03-22 | 2004-02-12 | Edlund David J. | Hydrogen-selective metal membranes, membrane modules, purification assemblies and methods of forming the same |
US20040060437A1 (en) * | 1998-11-10 | 2004-04-01 | Frost Chester B | Fluid separation assembly and fluid separation module |
US20040255782A1 (en) * | 2001-10-26 | 2004-12-23 | Jae-Sung Han | Hydrogen purification module |
US20060037476A1 (en) * | 2001-03-08 | 2006-02-23 | Edlund David J | Hydrogen purification devices, components and fuel processing systems containing the same |
US20060060084A1 (en) * | 2004-09-20 | 2006-03-23 | Edlund David J | Hydrogen purification devices, components, and fuel processing systems containing the same |
US20060213369A1 (en) * | 1996-10-30 | 2006-09-28 | Edlund David J | Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same |
US20070039889A1 (en) * | 2005-08-22 | 2007-02-22 | Ashford Edmundo R | Compact membrane unit and methods |
US20080149555A1 (en) * | 2006-12-20 | 2008-06-26 | Schwartz A William | Multi-tube pressure vessel |
US20080210088A1 (en) * | 2006-10-23 | 2008-09-04 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen purification membranes, components and fuel processing systems containing the same |
US20090026124A1 (en) * | 2007-07-23 | 2009-01-29 | Cummins Filtration Ip, Inc. | Stack-disk filter cartridge |
US7736596B2 (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2010-06-15 | Idatech, Llc | Self-regulating feedstock delivery systems and hydrogen-generating fuel processing assemblies and fuel cell systems incorporating the same |
US7972420B2 (en) | 2006-05-22 | 2011-07-05 | Idatech, Llc | Hydrogen-processing assemblies and hydrogen-producing systems and fuel cell systems including the same |
US8021446B2 (en) | 2005-09-16 | 2011-09-20 | Idatech, Llc | Self-regulating feedstock delivery systems and hydrogen-generating fuel processing assemblies and fuel cell systems incorporating the same |
US8262752B2 (en) | 2007-12-17 | 2012-09-11 | Idatech, Llc | Systems and methods for reliable feedstock delivery at variable delivery rates |
CN105833727A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-10 | 成都美富特膜科技有限公司 | Membrane core pre-tightening structure |
CN105854615A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-17 | 成都美富特膜科技有限公司 | Membrane filtration assembly and membrane core pre-tightening structure thereof |
CN105903352A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-31 | 成都美富特膜科技有限公司 | Membrane core pre-tightening structure |
CN105903353A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-31 | 成都美富特膜科技有限公司 | Membrane filtration assembly and membrane core pre-tightening structure thereof |
CN105903354A (en) * | 2016-06-03 | 2016-08-31 | 成都美富特膜科技有限公司 | Membrane core pre-tightening structure |
US20170282099A1 (en) * | 2016-03-30 | 2017-10-05 | Jung Hun PARK | Free-Fraction Filtration device And Control Method Thereof |
US10476093B2 (en) | 2016-04-15 | 2019-11-12 | Chung-Hsin Electric & Machinery Mfg. Corp. | Membrane modules for hydrogen separation and fuel processors and fuel cell systems including the same |
EP3623038A1 (en) * | 2018-09-13 | 2020-03-18 | Helmholtz-Zentrum Geesthacht Zentrum für Material- und Küstenforschung GmbH | Membrane bag module with rotationally secure deflector discs |
US20220203272A1 (en) * | 2020-12-29 | 2022-06-30 | Metal Industries Research & Development Centre | Tangential flow filtration module and tangential flow filtration assembly |
US20220347603A1 (en) * | 2021-04-30 | 2022-11-03 | Pall Corporation | Filter disk segments |
US11712655B2 (en) | 2020-11-30 | 2023-08-01 | H2 Powertech, Llc | Membrane-based hydrogen purifiers |
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