US5963175A - One dimensional interleaved multi-beam antenna - Google Patents

One dimensional interleaved multi-beam antenna Download PDF

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Publication number
US5963175A
US5963175A US09/138,601 US13860198A US5963175A US 5963175 A US5963175 A US 5963175A US 13860198 A US13860198 A US 13860198A US 5963175 A US5963175 A US 5963175A
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United States
Prior art keywords
antenna system
beams
feed
feed horns
reflector
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Expired - Fee Related
Application number
US09/138,601
Inventor
Douglas G. Burr
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CYBERSTAR LLC
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CyberStar LP
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Filing date
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Assigned to CYBERSTAR, L.P. reassignment CYBERSTAR, L.P. ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: BURR, DOUGLAS G.
Priority to US09/138,601 priority Critical patent/US5963175A/en
Priority to AU13075/00A priority patent/AU1307500A/en
Priority to EP99956473A priority patent/EP1105936A1/en
Priority to KR1020017002267A priority patent/KR20010072866A/en
Priority to JP2000566919A priority patent/JP2002523950A/en
Priority to PCT/US1999/014764 priority patent/WO2000011752A1/en
Publication of US5963175A publication Critical patent/US5963175A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Assigned to CYBERSTAR, LLC reassignment CYBERSTAR, LLC ASSIGNMENT OF ASSIGNORS INTEREST (SEE DOCUMENT FOR DETAILS). Assignors: CYBERSTAR, L.P.
Assigned to MORGAN STANLEY & CO. INCORPORATED reassignment MORGAN STANLEY & CO. INCORPORATED SECURITY AGREEMENT Assignors: TELESAT CANADA, TELESAT NETWORK SERVICES, INC., TELESAT NETWORK SERVICES, L.L.C.
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Fee Related legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/02—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole
    • H01Q3/08—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation
    • H01Q3/10—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system using mechanical movement of antenna or antenna system as a whole for varying two co-ordinates of the orientation to produce a conical or spiral scan
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/10—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces
    • H01Q19/12—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave
    • H01Q19/13—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using reflecting surfaces wherein the surfaces are concave the primary radiating source being a single radiating element, e.g. a dipole, a slot, a waveguide termination
    • H01Q19/132—Horn reflector antennas; Off-set feeding
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/28—Adaptation for use in or on aircraft, missiles, satellites, or balloons
    • H01Q1/288—Satellite antennas
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/08—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart the units being spaced along or adjacent to a rectilinear path
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q25/00—Antennas or antenna systems providing at least two radiating patterns
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10S—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10S343/00—Communications: radio wave antennas
    • Y10S343/02—Satellite-mounted antenna

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to spacecraft communication systems, and more particularly, to a one-dimensional interleaved multi-beam antenna system for use in spacecraft communication systems.
  • the assignee of the present invention manufactures and deploys communication satellites. In order to provide desired coverage of a particular area on the Earth, and maximize re-use of the allocated frequency spectrum, it is necessary to use an interleaved multi-beam antenna system.
  • Conventional multi-beam antenna systems typically localize antenna beams on a two dimensional triangular or rectangular lattice.
  • Conventional reflector or lens multi-beam antenna systems generally require the use of three or four apertures to efficiently achieve the desired coverage. Furthermore, the bandwidth for each beam produced by conventional multi-beam antennas and useable in a frequency re-use plan is generally less that would be desired.
  • the present invention provides for an efficient multi-beam antenna system for use with a high capacity communications satellite that maximizes frequency re-use of the allocated frequency spectrum.
  • the antenna system comprises first and second offset reflectors that are disposed adjacent first and second sides of the spacecraft.
  • a first plurality of the feed horns feed the first reflector, and a second plurality of the feed horns feed the second reflector.
  • the feed horns and first and second offset reflectors cooperate to produce a predetermined number of beams.
  • Even numbered beams use a set of frequencies and polarizations that are orthogonal to a set of frequencies and polarizations used by odd numbered beams.
  • the antenna beams are contiguous in one dimension.
  • the antenna system thus generates antenna beams that are contiguous in one dimension as opposed to localizing them on a two dimensional triangular or rectangular lattice as in conventional antenna systems.
  • the antenna system also incorporates a frequency and polarization re-use plan that allows the use of non-contiguous output multiplexers.
  • the design of the antenna system requires fewer apertures (2 instead of 4, for example) for the same spillover loss compared to a conventional reflector or lens multi-beam antenna system.
  • the antenna system also provides twice the bandwidth per beam (produced by a conventional multi-beam antenna system with a 4 sub-band frequency re-use pattern) while producing equivalent or better beam to beam isolation.
  • antenna apertures are not limited. Antenna systems may be readily designed using the principles of the present invention that employ a single multi-beam phased array to achieve similar coverage.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a typical spacecraft employing an antenna system in accordance with the principles of the present invention
  • FIG. 2 illustrates directivity contours produced by optimized shaped reflectors used in an exemplary embodiment of the present antenna system
  • FIG. 3 illustrates a sample frequency plan for an exemplary embodiment of the present antenna system.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates a typical spacecraft 11 employing an antenna system 10 in accordance with the principles of the present invention.
  • the spacecraft 11 is shown having its nadir face 12 pointing in the direction of coverage beams 15 (FIG. 2) produced by the antenna system 10, namely toward the Earth, and in particular the United States, for example, as is illustrated in FIG. 2.
  • the antenna system 10 comprises two offset reflectors 13e, 13w that are disposed adjacent east and west sides of the spacecraft 11.
  • the antenna system 10 further comprises a predetermined even number (eight) of feed horns 14, including first and second pluralities (four) of feed horns 14e, 14w that respectively feed each of the reflectors 13e, 13w.
  • the antenna beams 15 generated by the antenna system 10 are contiguous in one dimension.
  • the antenna system 10 includes two relatively large (3.5 by 2.4 meter) shaped offset reflectors 13e, 13w operated in the Ku FSS band (12 GHz).
  • the four feed horns 14 for each reflector 13e, 13w are aligned to produce 8 beams 15 numbered 1 to 8 from west to east as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the west reflector 13w produces odd numbered beams 15 while the east reflector 13e produces even numbered beams 15.
  • the antenna beams 15 generated by the antenna system 10 are contiguous in one dimension, as is shown in FIG. 2.
  • FIG. 2 shows 38.25 dB directivity contours produced by optimized shaped reflectors 13e, 13w used in an exemplary embodiment of the antenna system 10.
  • the directivity contours are configured to completely cover the United States in the manner shown in FIG. 2.
  • Each odd numbered beam 15 uses the same frequencies and polarizations.
  • the even numbered beams 15 use a set of frequencies and polarizations that are orthogonal to those used by the odd numbered beams 15.
  • the net frequency re-use factor is equal to the number of beams 15, in this case 8.
  • FIG. 3 shows a sample frequency plan for an exemplary embodiment of the antenna system 10 used to provide coverage of the United States as shown in FIG. 2.
  • the number of beams produced by the present invention is not limited to 8 as is disclosed in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the antenna system 10 may produce different numbers of beam suitable for different applications.
  • antenna systems 10 may be readily designed that use 12 beams, for example.
  • the frequency plan and frequency band may be different from those used in the disclosed exemplary embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to any particular operating frequency band.
  • the concepts of the present invention may be used to produce antenna systems 10 that operate in the S, C, X, Ku, K, Ka, Q, V, or W frequency bands, for example, or other desired frequency band as the application requires. It is to be understood that what is significant with regard to practicing the present invention is that adjacent beams use two different polarization and frequency plans irrespective of the number of beams or operating frequency band.
  • antenna apertures are not limited to those chosen in the exemplary embodiment.
  • antenna systems may be readily designed that employ a single multi-beam phased array to achieve similar coverage.

Abstract

An efficient multi-beam antenna system for use with a high capacity communications satellite or spacecraft that maximizes frequency re-use of the allocated frequency spectrum. The antenna system has first and second offset reflectors disposed adjacent first and second sides of the spacecraft. A first plurality of the feed horns feed the first reflector, and a second plurality of the feed horns feed the second reflector. The feed horns and offset reflectors cooperate to produce a predetermined number of beams. Even numbered beams use a set of frequencies and polarizations that are orthogonal to a set of frequencies and polarizations used by odd numbered beams. The antenna beams are contiguous in one dimension.

Description

BACKGROUND
The present invention relates generally to spacecraft communication systems, and more particularly, to a one-dimensional interleaved multi-beam antenna system for use in spacecraft communication systems.
The assignee of the present invention manufactures and deploys communication satellites. In order to provide desired coverage of a particular area on the Earth, and maximize re-use of the allocated frequency spectrum, it is necessary to use an interleaved multi-beam antenna system.
Conventional multi-beam antenna systems typically localize antenna beams on a two dimensional triangular or rectangular lattice. Conventional reflector or lens multi-beam antenna systems generally require the use of three or four apertures to efficiently achieve the desired coverage. Furthermore, the bandwidth for each beam produced by conventional multi-beam antennas and useable in a frequency re-use plan is generally less that would be desired.
It would therefore be desirable to have a multi-beam antenna system for use with a communications satellite that maximizes frequency re-use of the allocated frequency spectrum. Accordingly, it is an objective of the present invention to provide for an improved one-dimensional interleaved multi-beam antenna system for use in spacecraft communication systems.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
To accomplish the above and other objectives, the present invention provides for an efficient multi-beam antenna system for use with a high capacity communications satellite that maximizes frequency re-use of the allocated frequency spectrum. The antenna system comprises first and second offset reflectors that are disposed adjacent first and second sides of the spacecraft. A first plurality of the feed horns feed the first reflector, and a second plurality of the feed horns feed the second reflector. The feed horns and first and second offset reflectors cooperate to produce a predetermined number of beams. Even numbered beams use a set of frequencies and polarizations that are orthogonal to a set of frequencies and polarizations used by odd numbered beams. The antenna beams are contiguous in one dimension.
The antenna system thus generates antenna beams that are contiguous in one dimension as opposed to localizing them on a two dimensional triangular or rectangular lattice as in conventional antenna systems. The antenna system also incorporates a frequency and polarization re-use plan that allows the use of non-contiguous output multiplexers.
The design of the antenna system requires fewer apertures (2 instead of 4, for example) for the same spillover loss compared to a conventional reflector or lens multi-beam antenna system. The antenna system also provides twice the bandwidth per beam (produced by a conventional multi-beam antenna system with a 4 sub-band frequency re-use pattern) while producing equivalent or better beam to beam isolation.
The choice of the type and number of antenna apertures are not limited. Antenna systems may be readily designed using the principles of the present invention that employ a single multi-beam phased array to achieve similar coverage.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The various features and advantages of the present invention may be more readily understood with reference to the following detailed description taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings, wherein like reference numerals designate like structural elements, and in which:
FIG. 1 illustrates a typical spacecraft employing an antenna system in accordance with the principles of the present invention;
FIG. 2 illustrates directivity contours produced by optimized shaped reflectors used in an exemplary embodiment of the present antenna system; and
FIG. 3 illustrates a sample frequency plan for an exemplary embodiment of the present antenna system.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION
Referring to the drawing figures, FIG. 1 illustrates a typical spacecraft 11 employing an antenna system 10 in accordance with the principles of the present invention. The spacecraft 11 is shown having its nadir face 12 pointing in the direction of coverage beams 15 (FIG. 2) produced by the antenna system 10, namely toward the Earth, and in particular the United States, for example, as is illustrated in FIG. 2. The antenna system 10 comprises two offset reflectors 13e, 13w that are disposed adjacent east and west sides of the spacecraft 11. The antenna system 10 further comprises a predetermined even number (eight) of feed horns 14, including first and second pluralities (four) of feed horns 14e, 14w that respectively feed each of the reflectors 13e, 13w. The antenna beams 15 generated by the antenna system 10 are contiguous in one dimension.
In an exemplary embodiment, the antenna system 10 includes two relatively large (3.5 by 2.4 meter) shaped offset reflectors 13e, 13w operated in the Ku FSS band (12 GHz). The four feed horns 14 for each reflector 13e, 13w are aligned to produce 8 beams 15 numbered 1 to 8 from west to east as shown in FIG. 2. The west reflector 13w produces odd numbered beams 15 while the east reflector 13e produces even numbered beams 15. The antenna beams 15 generated by the antenna system 10 are contiguous in one dimension, as is shown in FIG. 2.
More particularly, FIG. 2 shows 38.25 dB directivity contours produced by optimized shaped reflectors 13e, 13w used in an exemplary embodiment of the antenna system 10. The directivity contours are configured to completely cover the United States in the manner shown in FIG. 2. Each odd numbered beam 15 uses the same frequencies and polarizations. The even numbered beams 15 use a set of frequencies and polarizations that are orthogonal to those used by the odd numbered beams 15. The net frequency re-use factor is equal to the number of beams 15, in this case 8. FIG. 3 shows a sample frequency plan for an exemplary embodiment of the antenna system 10 used to provide coverage of the United States as shown in FIG. 2.
It is to be understood that the number of beams produced by the present invention is not limited to 8 as is disclosed in the exemplary embodiment. The antenna system 10 may produce different numbers of beam suitable for different applications. For example, antenna systems 10 may be readily designed that use 12 beams, for example. Furthermore, the frequency plan and frequency band may be different from those used in the disclosed exemplary embodiment, and the present invention is not limited to any particular operating frequency band. In particular, the concepts of the present invention may be used to produce antenna systems 10 that operate in the S, C, X, Ku, K, Ka, Q, V, or W frequency bands, for example, or other desired frequency band as the application requires. It is to be understood that what is significant with regard to practicing the present invention is that adjacent beams use two different polarization and frequency plans irrespective of the number of beams or operating frequency band.
It is to be understood that the choice of the type and the number of antenna apertures are not limited to those chosen in the exemplary embodiment. For example, antenna systems may be readily designed that employ a single multi-beam phased array to achieve similar coverage.
Thus, an improved one-dimensional interleaved multi-beam antenna system for use in spacecraft communication systems has been disclosed. It is to be understood that the above-described embodiment is merely illustrative of some of the many specific embodiments that represent applications of the principles of the present invention. Clearly, numerous and other arrangements can be readily devised by those skilled in the art without departing from the scope of the invention.

Claims (11)

What is claimed is:
1. An antenna system for use on a spacecraft, comprising:
first and second offset reflectors disposed adjacent first and second sides of the spacecraft;
a predetermined number of feed horns, comprising a first plurality of feed horns that feed the first reflector, and a second plurality of feed horns that feed the second reflector;
the feed horns and first and second offset reflectors cooperating to produce a predetermined number of beams that are contiguous in one dimension;
and wherein even numbered beams use a set of frequencies and polarizations that are orthogonal to a set of frequencies and polarizations used by odd numbered beams.
2. The antenna system recited in claim 1 wherein the offset reflectors each have a predetermined shape that provides a predetermined coverage area for each of the respective beams.
3. The antenna system recited in claim 1 wherein the feed horns and offset reflectors are designed to operate in the Ku FSS band.
4. The antenna system recited in claim 1 wherein the predetermined number of feed horns comprise eight feed horns, including four feed horns that respectively feed each of the reflectors.
5. The antenna system recited in claim 1 wherein the first plurality of feed horns and first reflector produce even numbered beams and the second plurality of feed horns and second reflector produce odd numbered beams.
6. The antenna system recited in claim 1 wherein the feed horns and offset reflectors are designed to operate in a frequency band selected from the group including the S, C, X, Ku, K, Ka, Q, V, or W frequency bands.
7. An antenna system for use on a spacecraft, comprising:
first and second offset reflectors disposed adjacent first and second sides of the spacecraft;
eight feed horns, four of which feed the first reflector, and four of which feed the second reflector;
the feed horns and first and second offset reflectors cooperating to produce eight beams that are contiguous in one dimension;
and wherein even numbered beams use a set of frequencies and polarizations that are orthogonal to a set of frequencies and polarizations used by odd numbered beams.
8. The antenna system recited in claim 7 wherein the offset reflectors each have a predetermined shape that provides a predetermined coverage area for each of the respective beams.
9. The antenna system recited in claim 7 wherein the feed horns and offset reflectors are designed to operate in the Ku FSS band.
10. The antenna system recited in claim 7 wherein the feed horns and the first reflector fed thereby produce even numbered beams, and wherein the feed horns and the second reflector fed thereby produce odd numbered beams.
11. The antenna system recited in claim 7 wherein the feed horns and offset reflectors are designed to operate in a frequency band selected from the group including the S, C, X, Ku, K, Ka, Q, V, or W frequency bands.
US09/138,601 1998-08-22 1998-08-22 One dimensional interleaved multi-beam antenna Expired - Fee Related US5963175A (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US09/138,601 US5963175A (en) 1998-08-22 1998-08-22 One dimensional interleaved multi-beam antenna
JP2000566919A JP2002523950A (en) 1998-08-22 1999-06-29 One-dimensional interleaved multiple beam antenna
EP99956473A EP1105936A1 (en) 1998-08-22 1999-06-29 One-dimensional interleaved multi-beam antenna
KR1020017002267A KR20010072866A (en) 1998-08-22 1999-06-29 One-dimensional interleaved multi-beam antenna
AU13075/00A AU1307500A (en) 1998-08-22 1999-06-29 One-dimensional interleaved multi-beam antenna
PCT/US1999/014764 WO2000011752A1 (en) 1998-08-22 1999-06-29 One-dimensional interleaved multi-beam antenna

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US09/138,601 US5963175A (en) 1998-08-22 1998-08-22 One dimensional interleaved multi-beam antenna

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EP (1) EP1105936A1 (en)
JP (1) JP2002523950A (en)
KR (1) KR20010072866A (en)
AU (1) AU1307500A (en)
WO (1) WO2000011752A1 (en)

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US6219025B1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-04-17 Microsoft Corporation Mapping image data samples to pixel sub-components on a striped display device
US6225973B1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-05-01 Microsoft Corporation Mapping samples of foreground/background color image data to pixel sub-components
US6243070B1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-06-05 Microsoft Corporation Method and apparatus for detecting and reducing color artifacts in images
US6307566B1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-10-23 Microsoft Corporation Methods and apparatus for performing image rendering and rasterization operations
US6339426B1 (en) 1999-04-29 2002-01-15 Microsoft Corporation Methods, apparatus and data structures for overscaling or oversampling character feature information in a system for rendering text on horizontally striped displays
US6342896B1 (en) 1999-03-19 2002-01-29 Microsoft Corporation Methods and apparatus for efficiently implementing and modifying foreground and background color selections
US6342890B1 (en) 1999-03-19 2002-01-29 Microsoft Corporation Methods, apparatus, and data structures for accessing sub-pixel data having left side bearing information
US6388634B1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2002-05-14 Hughes Electronics Corporation Multi-beam antenna communication system and method
EP1209821A1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2002-05-29 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Satellite communication system
US20030232596A1 (en) * 2002-06-13 2003-12-18 Snell William L. Communication satellite in a satellite communication system with high aspect ratio cell arrangement and shared and allocable bandwidth
US7215954B1 (en) 1999-03-18 2007-05-08 The Directv Group, Inc. Resource allocation method for multi-platform communication system
US7369847B1 (en) 2000-09-14 2008-05-06 The Directv Group, Inc. Fixed cell communication system with reduced interference
US7369809B1 (en) 2000-10-30 2008-05-06 The Directv Group, Inc. System and method for continuous broadcast service from non-geostationary orbits
US10355775B2 (en) * 2016-12-31 2019-07-16 Hughes Network Systems, Llc Approaches for improved frequency reuse efficiency and interference avoidance for a multi-beam satellite communications network

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Cited By (18)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US6225973B1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-05-01 Microsoft Corporation Mapping samples of foreground/background color image data to pixel sub-components
US6239783B1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-05-29 Microsoft Corporation Weighted mapping of image data samples to pixel sub-components on a display device
US6243070B1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-06-05 Microsoft Corporation Method and apparatus for detecting and reducing color artifacts in images
US6307566B1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-10-23 Microsoft Corporation Methods and apparatus for performing image rendering and rasterization operations
US6219025B1 (en) 1998-10-07 2001-04-17 Microsoft Corporation Mapping image data samples to pixel sub-components on a striped display device
US7215954B1 (en) 1999-03-18 2007-05-08 The Directv Group, Inc. Resource allocation method for multi-platform communication system
US6342896B1 (en) 1999-03-19 2002-01-29 Microsoft Corporation Methods and apparatus for efficiently implementing and modifying foreground and background color selections
US6342890B1 (en) 1999-03-19 2002-01-29 Microsoft Corporation Methods, apparatus, and data structures for accessing sub-pixel data having left side bearing information
US6339426B1 (en) 1999-04-29 2002-01-15 Microsoft Corporation Methods, apparatus and data structures for overscaling or oversampling character feature information in a system for rendering text on horizontally striped displays
EP1209821A1 (en) * 2000-06-28 2002-05-29 Mitsubishi Denki Kabushiki Kaisha Satellite communication system
EP1209821A4 (en) * 2000-06-28 2002-11-27 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Satellite communication system
US7369847B1 (en) 2000-09-14 2008-05-06 The Directv Group, Inc. Fixed cell communication system with reduced interference
US7369809B1 (en) 2000-10-30 2008-05-06 The Directv Group, Inc. System and method for continuous broadcast service from non-geostationary orbits
US6388634B1 (en) * 2000-10-31 2002-05-14 Hughes Electronics Corporation Multi-beam antenna communication system and method
US6781555B2 (en) * 2000-10-31 2004-08-24 The Directv Group, Inc. Multi-beam antenna communication system and method
US6947740B2 (en) * 2002-06-13 2005-09-20 Spacecode Llc Communication satellite in a satellite communication system with high aspect ratio cell arrangement and shared and allocable bandwidth
US20030232596A1 (en) * 2002-06-13 2003-12-18 Snell William L. Communication satellite in a satellite communication system with high aspect ratio cell arrangement and shared and allocable bandwidth
US10355775B2 (en) * 2016-12-31 2019-07-16 Hughes Network Systems, Llc Approaches for improved frequency reuse efficiency and interference avoidance for a multi-beam satellite communications network

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EP1105936A1 (en) 2001-06-13
JP2002523950A (en) 2002-07-30
WO2000011752A1 (en) 2000-03-02
KR20010072866A (en) 2001-07-31
AU1307500A (en) 2000-03-14

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